norse mythology vs greek mythology essay

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Norse Mythology Vs Greek Mythology

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Norse Gods Vs. Greek Gods: Differences & Similarities

Table of Contents

What Are the Differences Between Greek Gods and Norse Gods?

1. immortality.

Greek gods are immortal, whereas Norse gods are mortal.

The Norse gods have supernatural abilities. However, in the end, they have to face their own mortality. This practice reflects the troubles and difficulties the ancient and modern people of Scandinavia faced, especially during the Viking age.

Most Norse gods died during Ragnarök , where there was an ultimate battle between chaos and order. Most of the gods who died during this battle are revered ones of the Norse deities.

Among those who died include:

• Thor – slayed the world serpent Jörmungandr but later died from its venom.
• Odin – He was swallowed by the mighty wolf Fenrir .
• Heimdall – He was locked in a battle with Loki , the trickster god, and they later slayed each other.

2. Influence on Fate

Greek gods can influence or change fate, but Norse gods can’t. They have a predestined future that they can’t change.

Odin suffered the death of his son helplessly, and the Æsir and Vanir also foretold the death of nearly all Norse god pantheons.

3. Take on the End of the World

There is no apocalypse in Greek mythology, but Norse mythology has Ragnarok.

As told by the Prose Edda, Ragnarök is a prophecy foretold to Odin concerning the sad ending of the god’s life. Besides, it prophesized the sudden ending of the world, over which the gods would have no control.

4. Where they live

Greek gods live at the top of mountains; mount Olympus at the top with Hephaestus. Others, like Hades, live in the underworld.

On the other hand, Norse gods live in the following environments:

The Æsir gods live in Asgard ; the Vanir gods live in Vanaheim .

5. Interactions With Mankind

Norse mythology is more close to humankind than Greek gods. Also, Norse gods can get hurt, are hungry, and can even die.

What Are the Similarities Between Greek Gods and Norse Gods?

1. both are polytheistic.

Greek and Norse mythology have many gods, with their believers believing in more than one god.

2. They Both Have Flaws

Neither the Greek gods nor Norse gods are perfect.

For instance, in Norse mythology, Odin had to give up one eye to become the god of wisdom from the well of knowledge. He also used trickery to steal the poetry mead.

On the other side, Zeus is ill-tempered, easily provoked, and likes violence. In addition, he also involves himself in petty disputes.

What Is Norse Mythology?

Norse mythology is an organized set of beliefs that is part of the ancient indigenous religion practiced by Northern Germanic tribes.

It was shared by people speaking similar languages and united by the same religion. This religion was predominant in the Viking Age (c. 790- c. 1100 CE) before Christianity emerged and prevailed in the Middle Ages.

Its believers used Norse mythology stories to organize better and understand the world. The main characters of this belief system were gods, deities, and living things.

The religion talks about the creation myth of the first god and the world’s destruction in Ragnarök.

The All-Father Odin is the sole ruler of this polytheistic pantheon, but there are several other gods and goddesses.

This mythology is passed on from generation to generation through poetry, as there are no reference scriptures.

What Is Greek Mythology?

Greek mythology is a set of beliefs and stories about ancient Greek gods, goddesses, fools, heroes, legends, and monsters.

These myths had so much fiction recognized by critical greeks like Plato in the 5th–4th century BCE, e. g. the legends of greedy King Midas. 

However, a large part of this myth is seen as a true representation of Greek culture and religion. A good example is the Trojan War epic. Consequently, it has significantly influenced Roman arts and contributed to the western civilization of Greece culture.

Greek mythology also explained religious rituals and weather. Besides, it explained the universe and its contents.

Norse Gods & Greek Gods and Their Realms

1. greek gods.

Greek mythology has twelve prominent Olympians, as shown below.

2. Norse Gods

Norse mythology has fifteen main gods, as shown below.

Are Greek Gods Older Than Norse Gods?

Yes, Greek gods are older than Norse gods.

The people practicing the Norse religion began worshipping Thor and Odin much later after Greek gods were already popular.

Are Norse Gods Stronger Than Greek Gods?

No, Norse gods are not stronger than Greek gods.

The only Norse gods considered stronger are the royal family members of Asgard or Vanir. They include Freyja, Baldur, and Týr.

However, Odin, the king of the Æsir, and Thor, his son, are the only ones considered as strong as Zeus.

Ana has always been interested in all things Norse mythology, Vikings and tales of ancient Germanic myths. An avid reader of books on Norse mythology, she also enjoys watching movies and TV shows based on Viking culture, and she secretly watched every Norse god-inspired MCU production as well!

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Norse mythology vs. greek mythology.

Throughout history, mythology has been a cornerstone for understanding the world and its mysteries. Two prominent mythologies that have stood the test of time are Norse mythology, which originated from the North Germanic peoples, and Greek mythology, which is rooted in the ancient civilization of Greece. This article delves into the fascinating realm of Norse and Greek mythologies and explores the similarities and differences between the two. 

Norse Gods Vs. Greek Gods: A Brief Overview

Norse and Greek mythologies feature a pantheon of gods and goddesses that possess supernatural powers and control various aspects of the natural world. Both mythologies have a hierarchical structure, with gods divided into different tiers based on their importance.

In Norse mythology, gods and goddesses are divided into two main groups: the Aesir and the Vanir. The Aesir, led by Odin, is often associated with war and wisdom, while the Vanir, led by Njord, is connected to fertility and prosperity. Some well-known Norse gods include Thor, Loki, and Freyja.

In Greek mythology, the Olympian gods reside atop Mount Olympus and are led by Zeus, the god of the sky and thunder. Other notable Greek gods include Poseidon, Hades, Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. Additionally, there are many lesser gods and goddesses, as well as mythological creatures , that inhabit the Greek world.

Greek and Norse Mythology: Origins and Development

Greek mythology dates back to the ancient civilization of Greece, particularly during the Mycenaean period, around the 15th to 13th centuries BCE. It developed from a combination of pre-Greek and Indo-European influences, eventually forming the foundation of the Greek religion and belief system. As Greek culture spread across the Mediterranean, the Romans absorbed their mythology and reinterpreted the Greek gods and goddesses into their pantheon.

On the other hand, Norse mythology originated from the North Germanic peoples, who populated modern-day Scandinavia and Germany. It evolved during the Viking Age, approximately between the 8th and 11th centuries CE. Norse mythology comprises a complex web of stories, poems, and sagas that depict the lives and adventures of Norse gods , heroes, and supernatural beings.

Which Came First Greek Mythology or Norse Mythology?

When examining the origins of Greek and Norse mythologies , it is essential to consider the historical and cultural contexts from which these mythological systems emerged. By doing so, we can better understand the timeline of their development and determine which came first.

Greek mythology predates Norse mythology for several centuries. Its development can be traced back to the ancient civilization of Greece, particularly during the Mycenaean period, which spanned from around the 15th to the 13th centuries BCE. Greek mythology evolved from a blend of pre-Greek and Indo-European influences , forming the basis of the Greek religion and belief system. Over time, as Greek culture spread across the Mediterranean region, their mythology was absorbed and adapted by other civilizations, most notably the Romans.

In contrast, Norse mythology originated from the North Germanic peoples , who inhabited modern-day Scandinavia and Germany. Norse mythology began to take shape during the Viking Age, which lasted from approximately the 8th to the 11th century CE. The Viking Age was marked by the expansion of Norse culture and influence across Europe, which led to the development of a complex web of stories, poems, and sagas depicting the lives and adventures of Norse gods, heroes, and supernatural beings.

Given the respective timelines of these two mythological systems, it is evident that Greek mythology came first. However, it is crucial to recognize that Greek and Norse mythologies were shaped by their unique cultural and historical contexts. Although their timelines do not coincide, they have both endured and left a lasting impact on human culture and storytelling throughout history.

So, Greek mythology predates Norse mythology by a considerable margin, with its origins rooted in the ancient Greek civilization of the Mycenaean period. Norse mythology , on the other hand, developed much later during the Viking Age. Despite their distinct origins, both mythologies offer fascinating insights into the human experience and our understanding of the divine, and they continue to captivate our imagination to this day.

Similarities Between Greek and Norse Mythology

Norse and Greek mythologies share several common themes and characteristics despite their distinct origins. Some of these similarities include the following:

• Creation and cosmology: Both mythologies explain the creation of the world and the cosmos through divine intervention. In Greek mythology, the Titan gods, led by Cronus, precede the Olympian gods, who eventually overthrow them. Similarly, in Norse mythology, the world is created after the cosmic struggle between the giant Ymir and the gods led by Odin.
• Human-god relationships: In both mythologies, gods are known to interact with humans and often interfere in their lives. Depending on the situation, they may offer guidance, assistance, or even punishment.
• Heroic myths: Heroes and heroines are essential in both mythologies as they embark on extraordinary adventures and confront supernatural beings. Examples include Heracles (Greek) and Thor (Norse), renowned for their strength and heroism.
• Afterlife: Both mythologies have specific realms where the souls of the dead reside. In Greek mythology, Hades rules the Underworld. In contrast, in Norse mythology, the afterlife is divided into various realms, such as Valhalla , led by Odin, and Hel, ruled by the goddess Hel. 
• The concept of fate: Both Norse and Greek mythologies emphasize the notion of fate , which is often predetermined and unavoidable. The Norns, three goddesses in Norse mythology , weave the threads of fate, while in Greek mythology, the Moirai or Fates, also a trio of goddesses, spin, measure, and cut the thread of life for each individual.

What Is the Difference Between Norse and Greek Mythology?

Despite the similarities, there are several critical differences between Norse and Greek mythologies:

• Moral values: Greek mythology often emphasizes the concept of hubris, or excessive pride, which usually results in a character’s downfall. In contrast, Norse mythology highlights the values of courage, honor, and loyalty, with a strong focus on the warrior code.
• Deities and their roles: While both pantheons consist of many gods and goddesses, their roles and the domains they rule differ. Norse gods tend to focus more on natural phenomena and war, while Greek gods have a wider range of roles, including love, wisdom, and the arts.
• The nature of the gods: In Greek mythology, gods are often portrayed as perfect and immortal beings, superior to humans in every way. In contrast, Norse gods are more human-like, with flaws, emotions, and the ability to die, albeit with some degree of immortality due to their connection to the golden apples of Idunn.
• Style and storytelling: Greek mythology tends to be more structured, with clearly defined stories and linear narratives. Norse mythology is characterized by its oral tradition and often contains overlapping and contradicting stories that are less consistent in their details.

Are Greek Gods Stronger Than Norse Gods?

Comparing the strength of gods across mythologies is subjective and challenging due to each deity’s unique characteristics and abilities. While Greek gods are generally portrayed as more powerful and perfect compared to Norse gods, it is essential to note that their strengths often depend on the context and the specific myths being examined.

The same can be said about the Roman gods, largely based on their Greek counterparts but adapted to the Roman cultural context. It is not a question of strength but rather a matter of cultural interpretation and influence.

Is Zeus in Norse Mythology?

Zeus, the ruler of the Greek pantheon, does not appear in Norse mythology. However, there is a Norse god who shares some similarities with Zeus: Odin, the All-Father and chief of the Aesir. Both Zeus and Odin are considered the most powerful gods in their respective pantheons and are associated with the sky and wisdom. Despite these parallels, it is important to note that they are distinct characters with different personalities, abilities, and roles within their mythological systems.

Mythological Creatures in Norse and Greek Mythology

Both Greek and Norse mythologies boast a diverse array of captivating mythological creatures, some of which serve as allies, while others present as formidable adversaries to gods and heroes alike. These creatures often symbolize various aspects of nature or human emotion, representing the complex relationship between humanity, the divine, and the natural world.

In Greek mythology, a plethora of creatures inhabits the fantastical landscape. Among the most iconic is the Minotaur, a monstrous half-man, half-bull creature residing within Crete’s labyrinth. Another example is the Chimera, a fire-breathing beast with a lion’s head, a goat’s body, and a serpent’s tail. The Harpies, winged creatures with the bodies of birds and the faces of women, serve as symbols of punishment and retribution, tormenting those who incur the wrath of the gods.

Similarly, Norse mythology features an assortment of mythological beings. The frost giants, or Jotnar, are powerful beings that often clash with the Norse gods and embody the untamed forces of nature. The Kraken, a colossal sea monster, terrorizes sailors and represents the chaos and danger of the ocean depths. Valkyries, warrior women who ride winged horses, hold a revered status as they select and guide slain heroes to the afterlife in Valhalla.

These mythological creatures play a significant role in Greek and Norse mythologies, adding a layer of complexity and fascination to their respective narratives. These creatures enrich the mythological tapestry through their diverse forms and functions, offering glimpses into the beliefs, fears, and aspirations of the ancient civilizations from which these stories emerged.

Norse Mythology Gods: Are Norse Gods Immortal?

Norse gods possess a degree of immortality but are not immune to death. They rely on the golden apples of Idunn to maintain their youth and strength, and they can die in battle or be killed by other supernatural beings. This concept differs significantly from the immortality of Greek gods, who are generally considered unaging and invulnerable.

Norse Mythology Vs. Greek Mythology Timeline

Greek mythology predates Norse mythology for several centuries. The development of Greek mythology can be traced back to the ancient civilization of Greece during the Mycenaean period, around the 15th to 13th centuries BCE. Norse mythology , on the other hand, evolved during the Viking Age between the 8th and 11th centuries CE. Although the timelines of these two mythologies do not coincide, they have both endured and influenced human culture throughout history.

The Legacy of Norse and Greek Mythology in Popular Culture

The enduring appeal of Norse and Greek mythologies has left a lasting impact on popular culture. Their characters, narratives, and themes inspire various forms of artistic expression and entertainment across different mediums.

Authors often draw upon rich mythological traditions in literature to create captivating stories and reimagine ancient tales. For example, Rick Riordan’s “Percy Jackson & the Olympians” series introduces Greek mythology to young readers by weaving the adventures of a modern-day demigod into a world inhabited by Greek gods and mythological creatures. Similarly, Neil Gaiman’s “American Gods” and “Norse Mythology” explore the relationship between ancient gods and contemporary society, revealing how these mythological figures adapt and endure in the modern world.

Greek and Norse mythologies continue to captivate audiences with their fantastical narratives and iconic characters in film and television. Movies like “Clash of the Titans,” “Troy,” and “Immortals” offer cinematic adaptations of Greek myths. At the same time, the Marvel Cinematic Universe has reimagined the Norse god Thor as a superhero, introducing a new generation of fans to the fascinating world of Norse mythology.

Video games also embrace the richness of these mythologies, incorporating elements of their narratives, gods, and creatures into immersive gaming experiences. For example, the “God of War” series initially focuses on Greek mythology , with its protagonist Kratos battling various gods and monsters before transitioning to Norse mythology in later installments.

Even in language, the legacy of these mythologies is evident, with numerous phrases and idioms rooted in their ancient stories. For instance, the term “Achilles’ heel” stems from the Greek hero Achilles and denotes a person’s weakness or vulnerability.

The influence of Norse and Greek mythologies on popular culture is a testament to the timeless appeal of these ancient stories. Their continued relevance and impact demonstrate the universality of the themes they explore and the enduring fascination they hold for global audiences.

Final Thoughts 

Norse and Greek mythologies offer rich and captivating narratives that continue to captivate the imagination. Despite their distinct origins and development, both mythologies share common themes, such as creation, heroism, and the concept of fate. They also feature a pantheon of gods and goddesses that control various aspects of the natural world, human affairs, and the cosmos.

Yet, Norse and Greek mythologies also exhibit key differences, including moral values, the roles and nature of deities, and the storytelling styles. While Greek gods are often portrayed as perfect and immortal, Norse gods possess a more human-like nature , with emotions, flaws, and potential death.

The question of whether Greek gods are stronger than Norse gods or Roman gods is ultimately subjective, as their abilities and strengths depend on the specific myths being examined and the cultural contexts in which they emerged.

In conclusion, Norse and Greek mythologies offer unique perspectives on the human experience, the natural world, and the divine. By exploring and comparing these mythological systems , we gain a deeper understanding of the cultural and historical contexts from which they arose. We can also appreciate these ancient stories’ lasting impact on our modern world.

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Step into the realms of Ancient Greek and Norse Mythology, where stories weave tapestries of belief, fear, and the essence of humanity. These ancient narratives, originating from distant cultures, beckon us on a comparative odyssey, unveiling the vibrant pantheon of gods, the genesis tales, thematic motifs, and the cultural imprints defining these treasured traditions. Deities and Divinities The landscape of Ancient Greek Mythology sprawls with a diverse array of gods and goddesses, each possessing unique personas and domains. At the zenith reigns Zeus, the thunderous sovereign of the heavens, while Hera, his consort, embodies the sanctity of union and kinship. Athena, the strategist of war and wisdom, mirrors intellect and valor. These Olympian figures, alongside a constellation of lesser gods, weave intricate destinies for mortals, shaping their lives within a complex celestial hierarchy. In stark contrast, Norse Mythology presents a more compact, yet equally formidable, pantheon dwelling in the realm of Asgard. Odin, the All-Father, exudes wisdom, magic, and the art of war, often depicted as a solitary seeker of knowledge. Thor, his thunderous heir, wields Mjolnir, the hammer of protection against chaos. Freyja, the goddess of love and fertility, symbolizes the cycles of beauty and life. Together, these Norse deities embody the virtues of fortitude, bravery, and resilience cherished by Viking lore. Genesis Tales The creation myths of Greek and Norse Mythology narrate captivating sagas, illuminating the cosmic forces sculpting the universe. In Greek lore, the Theogony chronicles the ascent of gods from primordial chaos, with figures like Gaia and Uranus birthing successive generations. Prometheus, the cunning Titan, defies divine will, while Zeus asserts dominion over the cosmos. Conversely, Norse Mythology paints a primal tableau of creation, emerging from the void of Ginnungagap. Ymir, the giant, births the world from his corporeal essence. Odin and his kin slay Ymir, crafting realms from his remains—flesh becomes earth, blood forms seas, and skull shapes sky. This cosmic genesis sets the stage for the Norse epic, where gods and mortals grapple with their destinies amidst an unforgiving cosmos. Themes and Symbols Both Greek and Norse Mythology resonate with recurring themes, mirroring universal human experiences. Greek lore exalts heroism and the journey of champions like Hercules and Perseus, who brave daunting trials to claim glory. These heroes embody courage, resilience, and self-sacrifice in confronting fate's caprices. Similarly, Norse Mythology delves into honor, glory, and the inexorable march of destiny, epitomized in Ragnarok—the apocalyptic clash heralding cosmic renewal. The Norns, weavers of fate, bind gods and mortals to destiny's threads, portraying existence's immutable forces. Despite their struggles against fate, Asgard's gods face inevitable demise in Ragnarok's final reckoning, underscoring Norse cosmology's tragic essence. Cultural Legacy The enduring impact of Greek and Norse Mythology transcends antiquity, shaping human culture and creativity across epochs. Greek myths inspire literature, from Homer's epics to Aeschylus and Sophocles' tragedies, adorning visual arts with iconic representations of divinities and heroes. Contemporary artists breathe new life into these ancient narratives, ensuring their charms remain across generations. In the same way, Norse Mythology weaves itself into the very fabric of Scandinavian identity, enriching language, literature, and folklore with its captivating tales of deities and mortal warriors. The Poetic Edda and Prose Edda serve as vessels of culture that remained untouched by time, drawing readers into realms of glory and divine power. Today, Norse mythology enjoys a renaissance in popular culture, often portrayed in comics, video games and blockbuster films, honoring its timeless resonance and global influence. To make it short, Ancient Greek and Norse Mythology stand as twin sentinels of human creativity, unlocking profound truths about the enigma of existence.

Norse vs Greek Mythology: Epic Pantheon Battle

Writing stories of mythical proportions.

• 0.1 Key Takeaways:
• 1.1 Comparing Greek and Norse Mythology
• 1.2 Comparison of Greek and Norse Gods
• 2 Greek Gods: Power and Immortality
• 3.1 The Birth of Perseus
• 3.2 The Beauty of Helen of Troy
• 3.3 The Tragic Tale of Heracles
• 4.1 The Aesir Clan
• 4.2 The Vanir Clan
• 5.1 Distinguishing Factors: Greek vs. Norse Mythology
• 6 Clash of Mythological Eras in God of War
• 7 Greek God of War: Epic Moments and Overstaying Welcome
• 8.1 The Norse God of War era at a glance:
• 9 Clash of the Pantheons: The Battle of the Gods
• 10 Unity and Wisdom Prevails
• 11.1 What are the major differences between Greek gods and Norse gods?
• 11.2 What powers do the Greek gods possess?
• 11.3 Do Greek gods have relationships with humans?
• 11.4 How do Norse gods differ from Greek gods in terms of relationships with humans?
• 11.5 How does the God of War series incorporate Greek and Norse mythology?
• 11.6 How does the Greek God of War era differ from the Norse God of War era?
• 11.7 Who wins in the clash between the Greek, Norse, and Egyptian gods?
• 12 Source Links

When it comes to mythologies that have captured the imagination of people for centuries, Norse and Greek mythology stand at the forefront. The tales of gods , heroes, and epic battles have inspired countless works of literature, art, and even gaming. Exploring the power , legends, and gods of Norse and Greek mythology is like embarking on a thrilling journey into ancient cultures and civilizations.

Key Takeaways:

• Norse and Greek mythology have fascinated scholars and enthusiasts alike for their intriguing similarities and differences
• Greek gods are immortal, while Norse gods are mortal, with most perishing during Ragnarok
• Zeus , the king of the Greek gods , wields thunderbolts and guarantees order and sanity in the pantheon
• Greek mythology features numerous stories of gods engaging in affairs with humans , resulting in varied offspring
• Norse gods belong to two clans , Aesir and Vanir , who sometimes fought but eventually established equality

The Differences Between Greek Gods and Norse Gods

When comparing Greek gods with Norse gods , there are several striking differences that set these two mythologies apart. One of the most significant disparities lies in the lifespan of the gods themselves. In Greek mythology, the gods possess immortality , allowing them to rule indefinitely. On the other hand, Norse gods are mortal beings, and according to Norse mythology , many of them meet their end during the apocalyptic event known as Ragnarok.

Another notable distinction is the power dynamic between the Greek and Norse pantheons. The Greek gods are renowned for their immense power and influence, with figures like Zeus reigning as the king of the gods from Mount Olympus . In contrast, the Scandinavian gods wielded lesser power and were often depicted as more relatable and vulnerable, making them more relatable to humans .

Comparing Greek and Norse Mythology

Although the Greek and Norse myths differ in many ways, they also share similarities. Both mythologies provide explanations for natural phenomena, human behavior, and the origins of the world. Both pantheons consist of a wide range of gods and goddesses, each with their own unique attributes and domains.

While the Greek gods often intervened in the lives of humans and impacted their fates, the Norse gods had limited interactions with mortals. Norse mythology tends to focus more on the relationships between gods and their human-like struggles, while Greek mythology emphasizes larger-than-life conflicts and epic tales.

It is fascinating to delve into the rich tapestry of both Greek and Norse mythology , exploring the similarities and differences that exist between these ancient belief systems. Both mythologies capture the essence of human experiences and offer valuable insights into the cultures that created them.

Comparison of Greek and Norse Gods

The following table highlights some key differences between the Greek gods and Norse gods:

The table above provides a concise overview of the differences between Greek and Norse gods. While the Greek gods possessed immortality and wielded immense power, the Norse gods were mortal beings with lesser influence. These distinctions shaped the narratives and characterizations within their respective mythologies.

Greek Gods: Power and Immortality

In Greek mythology, the gods possess immense power and the gift of immortality , making them revered beings. At the pinnacle of this pantheon stands Zeus , the king of the gods and the wielder of thunderbolts and lightning.

Zeus, with his thunderous might, maintains order and sanity within the pantheon and the cosmos. His lightning bolts symbolize divine power and serve as a constant reminder of the gods’ authority.

Greek mythology is replete with tales of gods engaging in competitions and epic battles, each showcasing their awe-inspiring power. These accounts provide a glimpse into the magnitude of their abilities and the extent to which they can shape the world around them.

“The gods, countless in their might, clash with thunderous roars, their power unraveling worlds and shaping destinies.”

However, despite their immense power, the Greek gods are bound by a higher authority – fate. Zeus, as the ruler of Mount Olympus , has the final say in ensuring that whatever is fated to happen comes to pass. Even the gods must submit to the predetermined course of events.

Greek Gods: Affair with Humans

The Greek gods, known for their extraordinary power and divine status, often yielded to their passions and engaged in affairs with humans. One god in particular, Zeus, the ruler of Mount Olympus , was notorious for his insatiable desire for mortal women. Through these illicit relationships, Zeus fathered numerous offspring , each with their own unique characteristics and destinies. These affairs, however, did not escape the notice of his wife, the vindictive and jealous Hera , who often sought retribution against both Zeus and his mortal paramours.

“For many generations, the gods and goddesses of Olympus have been captivated by the beauty and allure of mortal men and women. Their indiscretions have led to the birth of extraordinary beings, some blessed with the divine gifts of their immortal parentage, while others bear the burden of their parent’s indiscretions. These divine-human unions serve as a reminder of the complexities and consequences that arise from the interactions between gods and mortals.”

Aphrodite , the goddess of love, was another prominent deity known for her intimate relations with humans. Her irresistible charm and seductive powers enticed both mortal men and gods. As a result, many stories in Greek mythology revolve around the consequences of Aphrodite’s liaisons, which often brought joy, heartbreak, and chaos to both mortal and divine realms alike.

Here are a few notable examples of these affairs:

The Birth of Perseus

One of the most famous heroic figures of Greek mythology, Perseus, was the result of a tryst between Zeus and the mortal woman Danaë. Zeus visited Danaë in the form of golden rain, conceiving a child who would eventually become a brave slayer of monsters, including the monstrous Medusa.

The Beauty of Helen of Troy

Helen of Troy, renowned for her beauty and the cause of the legendary Trojan War, was the daughter of Zeus and Leda, a mortal queen. Zeus seduced Leda in the form of a swan, resulting in Helen’s birth. This affair set in motion a chain of events that shaped the course of Greek history and mythology.

The Tragic Tale of Heracles

Heracles, also known as Hercules, was the son of Zeus and Alcmene, a mortal woman. Zeus disguised himself as Alcmene’s husband, resulting in the birth of a mighty hero destined to complete twelve incredible labors.

These affairs between gods and mortals in Greek mythology highlight the complex relationships and profound impact that intermingling between the divine and the human can have. They serve as cautionary tales of the consequences that arise when mortals attract the attention and affections of the powerful Greek gods.

Norse Gods: A Clash of Clans

In Norse mythology, the gods were organized into two powerful clans – the Aesir and the Vanir . The Aesir , known as the main gods, resided in the majestic realm of Asgard . Led by Odin , they were associated with war, wisdom , and cosmic order. On the other hand, the Vanir , considered fertility gods, dwelled in Vanaheim , a realm abundant with natural beauty and fertility. Freyr and Freya were prominent figures among the Vanir gods.

The relationship between the Aesir and the Vanir wasn’t always harmonious. At first, these two clans engaged in fierce conflicts, driven by their differing natures and aspirations. However, over time, they recognized the futility of their battles and decided to end hostilities.

To establish peace, the Aesir and the Vanir exchanged hostages. From the Vanir, Njord and his children, Freyr and Freya, joined the Aesir in Asgard . In return, the Aesir sent powerful gods, including Honir and Mimir, to dwell among the Vanir in Vanaheim . This exchange bridged the gap between the two clans and solidified their relationship, resulting in equality and unified rule over the cosmos.

“The war between the Aesir and the Vanir taught us the importance of resilience, compromise, and unity . It is through adversity that we find common ground and build a harmonious future.”

The clash of these clans in Norse mythology reflects the complexities of human relationships and the potential for reconciliation even in the face of deep-rooted differences. The Aesir and the Vanir remind us of the power of compromise, negotiation, and empathy in forging lasting peace and achieving common goals.

The Aesir Clan

The Vanir Clan

Through the union of the Aesir and the Vanir, Norse mythology teaches us the importance of overcoming differences, fostering unity , and finding common ground. These powerful clans exemplify the transformative power of cooperation, reminding us that even opposing forces can coexist and thrive when respect and understanding prevail.

Norse Gods: Limited Affair with Humans

In Norse mythology, the gods had a limited affair with humans compared to their Greek counterparts. Unlike the Greek gods who engaged in numerous love affairs with mortals, the Norse gods rarely mated with humans.

Instead, the Norse gods had relationships with Jotunns , also known as giants , resulting in the birth of powerful demigods . These demigods possess a blend of human and divine qualities, exhibiting extraordinary abilities and strength.

One notable example is Saemingr, the son of Odin , the Allfather, and Skadi, a giantess. Saemingr inherited the wisdom and power of his divine father, as well as the heritage of his giantess mother.

“The limited interaction between Norse gods and humans adds an intriguing aspect to Norse mythology. It portrays the gods as more distant and less involved in the affairs of mortals compared to the Greek gods.”

While there is one myth that may record the mating of a divine being and a mortal, it is not as prevalent in Norse mythology as it is in Greek mythology. The Norse gods primarily formed alliances and relationships with giants , further solidifying the complex dynamics within the Norse pantheon.

In essence, the limited affair between Norse gods and humans highlights the distinct nature of Norse mythology and explores the unique connections between gods and giants , adding depth to the rich tapestry of Norse folklore.

Distinguishing Factors: Greek vs. Norse Mythology

As we compare Greek and Norse mythology, one striking difference lies in their gods’ relationships with humans. While Greek gods engage in numerous affairs with mortals, the Norse gods have a more limited interaction.

Clash of Mythological Eras in God of War

The God of War series takes players on an epic journey that spans both Norse and Greek mythologies. In the Greek God of War era , we follow the story of Kratos , a Spartan warrior who rises to become the Greek God of War . Driven by vengeance, he seeks to bring down the gods of Mount Olympus who have wronged him.

However, in the Norse God of War era , Kratos embarks on a new journey alongside his son Atreus to discover their place in the Nine Realms and shape the fate of the world. This era introduces players to the rich tapestry of Norse mythology, with Kratos facing formidable foes and navigating treacherous landscapes.

The clash between these two mythological eras serves as a captivating backdrop for the adventures of Kratos. It allows players to experience the contrasting worlds of Greek and Norse mythology, exploring the unique gods, creatures, and realms that define each pantheon.

“The juxtaposition of Greek and Norse mythologies in the God of War series creates an enthralling narrative that immerses players in the rich lore of two distinct mythological worlds.”

Throughout the series, players witness the clash of these powerful mythological eras, as Kratos battles gods and creatures from both pantheons, showcasing his formidable strength and unwavering determination. The intricate storytelling and stunning visuals transport players to a world where divine powers collide and ancient prophecies unfold.

Greek God of War: Epic Moments and Overstaying Welcome

The Greek God of War era is an epic journey that spans six major games, including the main trilogy and prequel titles. This Greek saga immerses players in the thrilling adventures of Kratos, the iconic Spartan warrior who rises to become the feared Greek God of War .

The games are known for their breathtaking action setpieces and larger-than-life boss fights . Players engage in intense battles against colossal creatures and mythical beasts, experiencing moments of immense scale and epic proportions. The Greek God of War era truly delivers on the promise of adrenaline-pumping action and jaw-dropping spectacle.

One of the standout titles in the Greek saga is God of War 3 . This game showcases the pinnacle of the series, where players witness the climactic showdown between Kratos and Zeus, the King of the Greek gods. The battle unfolds amidst the grandeur of Mount Olympus, with both Kratos and Zeus unleashing their incredible powers in a battle for revenge and redemption.

However, as the Greek saga progressed, the era began to overstay its welcome. The addition of prequel games diluted the overall impact of the series, flooding it with unnecessary content. These subpar experiences detracted from the epicness and cohesion of the main trilogy, leaving players longing for a more concise and focused narrative. Despite its initial brilliance, the Greek God of War era suffered from a lack of restraint, ultimately diminishing its overall impact.

The Greek God of War era, though it may have overstayed its welcome, will always be remembered for its epic moments and the unforgettable journey of Kratos. It solidified Kratos as one of gaming’s iconic protagonists and set the stage for the evolution of the God of War franchise.

Norse God of War: Unforgettable Journey and Conciseness

Embark on an unforgettable journey through the Norse God of War era , a concise and immersive experience that spans just two games. As you step into the shoes of Kratos and Atreus , you’ll venture into the mythological world of the Nine Realms, encountering epic battles, captivating storytelling, and breathtaking landscapes.

In comparison to its Greek counterpart, the Norse saga offers a tighter narrative and a more focused progression system. It allows players to delve deeper into the intricacies of Norse mythology, unraveling the mysteries of gods and creatures that inhabit these lands.

One of the defining features of the Norse God of War era is the diverse range of environments you’ll explore. From towering mountains and ancient forests to frozen tundras and mystical realms, each location is meticulously crafted, immersing you in a vibrant and awe-inspiring world.

The journey of Kratos and Atreus provides a concise experience , ensuring that every moment in the game is filled with significance and purpose. The duology format allows for a cohesive and impactful storytelling, heightening the emotional stakes and delivering a captivating narrative from beginning to end.

With the upcoming release of God of War Ragnarok , fans eagerly await the continuation of the Norse God of War saga. This highly anticipated sequel promises to build upon the foundation laid by its predecessors, raising the stakes and offering even more thrilling adventures in the Norse realms.

Experience the Norse God of War era for yourself and embark on an epic quest that will leave you breathless. Immerse yourself in the rich mythology, engage in visceral combat, and unravel the secrets of the Nine Realms. Prepare for the journey of a lifetime.

The Norse God of War era at a glance:

Clash of the Pantheons: The Battle of the Gods

In a monumental clash, the Greek, Norse, and Egyptian gods engage in a battle for ultimate supremacy. Led by Zeus, the Greek gods represent the power of Mount Olympus. Odin, the wise and mighty ruler, commands the Norse gods from the majestic realm of Asgard. The mighty Ra leads the Egyptian gods , embodying the sun’s radiant energy and wisdom . This epic showdown brings to light the immense power and unique abilities possessed by each pantheon.

In the heat of battle, Zeus manifests his thunderbolts, unleashing lightning to strike fear into his opponents. Odin, the Allfather, wields Gungnir, his enchanted spear, with unparalleled precision and strength. Ra , the sun god, harnesses the incandescent power of the sun, illuminating the battlefield with blinding rays of light.

However, amidst the chaos and destruction, the gods come to a profound realization. They recognize the futility of their conflict and the devastation it brings to the mortal realm. In an act of wisdom and unity , they agree to a truce, joining forces for the greater good of all.

We must set aside our differences and unite as one, for our purpose is to guide and protect the mortals who depend on our divine guidance. Only through harmony can we ensure balance in the world.

This unprecedented alliance heralds a new era, where the Greek, Norse, and Egyptian gods combine their strength and knowledge. Together, they work towards a shared mission, fostering peace and prosperity among humanity.

This extraordinary alliance between the pantheons serves as a testament to the power of unity and the triumph of wisdom over conflict. By setting aside their individual rivalries, the gods pave the way for a world where mortal and divine coexist in harmony .

Unity and Wisdom Prevails

As the clash of the pantheons escalated, the gods of Norse mythology, Greek mythology, and Egyptian mythology realized the destructive nature of their war. United by a profound wisdom, they turned away from conflict and embraced unity as their guiding principle. With a solemn vow to rule sensibly and responsibly, they sought to protect and nurture their realms as a united front.

This powerful lesson of unity prevailing over conflict, wisdom triumphing over might, and balance superseding dominance became a beacon of hope for both gods and humans alike. The gods, once consumed by their own power struggles, now understood the importance of harmony among themselves and with the mortal realm. Their wise rule paved the way for a newfound era of peace and prosperity.

Under the unified leadership of the gods, the humans rejoiced as they basked in the fruits of this newfound harmonious alliance. With conflict a thing of the past, the people of the Norse, Greek, and Egyptian realms experienced an unprecedented period of stability and abundance. The gods, with their immortal wisdom, guided humanity towards a brighter future, where the interconnectedness of all beings was celebrated and cherished.

What are the major differences between Greek gods and Norse gods?

The major difference is that Greek gods are immortal, while Norse gods are mortal. Additionally, Greeks are considered more powerful than Scandinavian gods.

What powers do the Greek gods possess?

The Greek gods are known for their immense power and abilities. Zeus, the king of the gods, wields thunderbolts and flashes of lightning. They also have the power to ensure order and sanity within the pantheon and the cosmos.

Do Greek gods have relationships with humans?

Yes, the Greek gods often have sexual affairs with humans. Zeus, in particular, is notorious for his many offspring resulting from these affairs.

How do Norse gods differ from Greek gods in terms of relationships with humans?

Unlike the Greek gods, Norse gods rarely mate with humans. Instead, demigods in Norse mythology are offspring of gods and Jotunns , also known as giants.

How does the God of War series incorporate Greek and Norse mythology?

The God of War series explores both Greek and Norse mythology, with different sagas. The Greek era follows Kratos, a Spartan warrior who becomes the Greek God of War. The Norse era focuses on Kratos embarking on a new journey with his son Atreus to determine the fate of the Nine Realms.

How does the Greek God of War era differ from the Norse God of War era?

The Greek God of War era spans six major games, with epic boss fights and action setpieces . The Norse God of War era is a more concise experience , taking place over just two games, featuring larger gameplay environments and a tighter narrative.

Who wins in the clash between the Greek, Norse, and Egyptian gods?

In an epic battle, the gods eventually realize the futility of their conflict and agree to a truce, uniting for the greater good. They understand the importance of unity and wisdom, leading to a newfound peace and prosperity under their wise rule.

Source Links

• https://ancient-literature.com/greek-gods-vs-norse-gods/
• https://screenrant.com/god-war-norse-greek-saga-mythology-better/
• https://storybird.ai/library/fantasy/the-battle-of-the-gods-26

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Essay: Greek mythology compared to nordic mythology

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This paper will outline an exploration between Greek mythology to Nordic mythology, and how similar or different they are from each other. Furthermore it will outline the basic origin of the two mythologies. Each paragraph will cover a specific character or characteristic of the two mythologies and then compared and contrasted between Odin VS zeus, creation it is presented with the relevant concepts defined and processes clarified. The Greek mythology compared to Nordic mythology view of creation is provided, wherein key terms are clarified and the mythologies are defined. The aim is to provide an overview of Greek mythology and Nordic mythology perception, upon which an understanding of mythology and their impact and how it is viewed in modern day in pop culture can be clarified. Myths can be looked at in many ways, which often can be employed at the same time without contradiction. For example, in the story of Ra, Isis, and the snakebite, the possible political interpretation (Isis being advanced by her priests to position of top god) doesn’t rule out a consideration of Ra as sun-god, or possibly seeing some ritual significance to his sickness and subsequent cure. As G. S. Kirk puts it, “a myth may have different emphases or levels of meaning.” Since it often serves more than one purpose, “a tale about human actions can contain more than a single aspect and implication” (39). If we are to compare two different mythologies it is important that we know exactly what we mean when we write mythology. As we understand it, the word myth was derived from the Greek word “mythos”. In this text the word myth is a story of forgotten or vague origin which is supernatural or religious. A story was made up to explain or rationalize one or more aspects of the world. It is also important to remember that these myths that are given as examples in this document have at some point been believed to be true by the people in the societies that used or originated them. Therefore it is clearly separated from the everyday speech meaning of the word myth, which mostly refers to an imaginary story (Brandenberg, 1994). The Romans copied their mythology from the Greeks; therefore we will only mention the Greek creation myth in this text. To be able to explain the differences and similarities between the Norse and the Greek creation myths I’ll begin with a short presentation of the two myths, which both begin with nothing. The world is nothing but a dark and void place (Brandenberg, 1994). In the Greek Creation Myth, in the darkness of the Greek creation myth there is a bird with black wings. This bird is making a golden egg from which the God of Love is coming. One of the shells from the egg becomes the sky, which is also called Uranus, while the other shell becomes the earth, Gaia (Brandenberg, 1994).Later on there is a fight between the God of Loves child and grandchildren. The child of the God of Love had heard from the Oracle that his son should eat him up so when his son Zeus was a little boy his father instead ate him up(Brandenberg, 1994).Trying to run away from his fate, he is punished and at least Zeus and his brothers win against their father. Zeus has two sons who have one responsibility each. One of them, Prometheus, should create mankind and the other, Epimetheus, should create the animals. They should also give their creations one gift. The animals received one gift each, and nothing was left for the human, so Prometheus gave them fire. Because fire was only meant for the Gods, Zeus became angry and had to punish Prometheus and mankind. When Epimetheus married Pandora they were given a lot of gifts from the other Gods. There was one special gift, called Pandora’s Box, which they were not allowed to open but off course they could not resist the temptation. Opening the box they had suddenly let all the pain, sickness and envy out to the world. There was nothing they could do to stop it. Later on they heard a sound, like “let me out”, from the box. They opened the box one more time and out flew all hope (Brandenberg, 1994). The Norse Creation Myth begins, with nothing but dark chaos. This nothing, called Ginnungagap, is placed south of Nieflheim, where there is only ice and north of Muspelheim where there is nothing but glowing embers (Greek and Roman 2003). In Ginnungagap the ice from Nieflheim and the parks from Muspelheim meet and create an evil giant called Ymir. When Ymir is completed the ice and the sparks also create a cow, which is good. The cow feeds the giant Ymir, and itself is licking blocks of ice. One day when it is licking a huge ice block the god of Love, Bure, comes out of it. (Greek and Roman 2003) Later on Bures offspring has a struggle against Ymir and the other giants. Ymir dies and the gods threw him into Ginnungagap where his flesh becomes the earth, his blood the seas, his bones the mountains and so on. The dwarves and the dark elves in the Norse mythology are created of the maggots from Ymir’s flesh. (Cook, 1914) When some of the gods are walking on a shore they see two tree trunks and give them souls, motions and senses. These become the two first humans, Ask and Embla. (Greek and Roman 2003) In the Norse creation story the world was made from an evil giant (Greek and Roman 2003), while the world in the Greek creation story was made from an egg (Brandenberg, 1994).The Greek people looked at the world in a different way. Maybe they thought the world was more fragile than the Norse people did. Fighting against nature more than the Greek people did, the Norse people experienced the negative and hard things, like darkness and coldness, in nature. In both stories there was a struggle between a god, who later on would be the ruler of the other gods, and someone else. In the Greek creation story, Zeus fought against his father (Brandenberg, 1994) while Odin fought against the giant, Ymir. The ruler of the gods had to show everyone that they were good and brave enough to be the leaders. Then the other gods and the humans could respect and trust them. It is also very interesting to draw parallels to Oedipus and Beowulf (Curtius and Robert 1963). Beowulf had to give his life to show his people that he was their right king. A king could never be afraid of death nor to struggle. Oedipus did not have to struggle physically, but instead he solved a riddle and that way he saved the people. Not solving the riddle he would never have become the king. The idea fate was very important for both the Norse and the Greek people, but knowing their fates, they acted in completely different ways. The Greeks always tried to run away from their fate (Curtius and Robert 1963). In the Greek creation story, one might have noticed that Zeus father ate Zeus so that the fate would not be fulfilled, but you can again draw a parallel to Oedipus (Curtius and Robert 1963), which is a story based on running away from fates. In Norse mythology they instead prepared themselves to meet fates .The Greek gods punished the people with the opening of Pandora’s Box. Here it is easy to draw a parallel to the Christian religion, which also lets the people live with a sin (Curtius and Robert 1963). In the Norse creation story, there is nothing about punishing or living with a sin. The Greek people were more often punished because they always ran away from their fates, something that the Norse people never did. Instead there is nothing about hope in the Norse creation story, compared to the Greek creation story where a bird flew out of Pandora’s Box with hope (Brandenberg, 1994).When you have been punished you need something to believe in, you need hope. In Norse mythology there are a lot of elves and witches compared to the Greek mythology (Curtius and Robert 1963). What could the reason be? Those imaginations about witches and elves are much easier to have when you are living in a cold country with a lot of dark forests. Perhaps the Norse people had even more stories and thoughts about the elves before the Norse mythology came and when it did come, they involved them in the new mythology/religion. Here one can draw a parallel to the Christening of the Norse people. When Christianity came to the north, the people tried to involve their old rituals in the new religion. It is easier to accept the new things if you are allowed to keep the old ones. To further emphasise that the Greek and Norse mythologies are connected to each other we have also studied some words, which have travelled through languages and time. Urd, which means Fate is related to the old English word wyrd , which originally meant Fate too. Today we have the word left as the Weird Sisters. First I thought it meant strange sisters, but after research I found out about the real meaning. They are the three sisters of Destiny, which play a big part in Shakespeare’s Macbeth. (Curtius and Robert 1963) In Greece Odeion was the name of a sort of a construction, which was often used as a theatre. Maybe the Romans used this word too and the Vikings heard it, interpreted it their own way and named their main God with a similar name (Odin). Lots of names may have been travelling around like this. Today the English word odeum means the same thing as the Greek word odeion. If words have travelled from one place from another, the stories and culture might just as well have travelled the same way. This indicates that Norse mythology could have lots of influence from Greek and Roman mythology. Norse mythology is the religion of the Norse people. The Norse people are the ancient people of northern Europe (Scandinavia, Iceland, Denmark, Northern Germany etc.) (World Book 259).A major difference between Norse mythology and Greek mythology are both cultures views of the afterlife and what happens there. In Greek mythology there is one allotted place for people to go after death and once they are there they stay there for all eternity. In Norse mythology there are four different places for the dead: Folkvang, Valhalla, Helheim, and Ran’s hall or the halls of Ran. Folkvang is the allotted area for your everyday warrior who fought and died and did nothing more. Valhalla is Odin’s hall where 800 of the bravest warriors go and train for the coming of Ragnarok (literally the ending of the gods or the end of the world) Helheim is literally the house or home of Hel; Hel is the goddess of the “underworlds” Niflheim (land of fire and heat) and Helheim. Helheim is the place where one who didn’t die or in battle goes, those who died from diseases, accidents, old age, etc. Ran is the goddess of the sea and the drowned. She is said to sink ships and collect the drowned in a net and take them to her hall where they dwell there. In Greek mythology they go to the underworld (or Hades) and they are then separated and either got to Tartarus (hell) or the Elysian fields (heaven) (World Book 257). Folkvang, Valhalla, Helheim, and The Halls of Ran are four separate areas in the world of Norse mythology where as Hades is one and Tartarus and the Elysian fields are two places within Hades. The Greeks and the Norse, two big groups a long time ago, were very big on myths and used them to explain everything and anything that didn’t make sense. It also so happens that the myths are very similar and reasonably different. So how might these to power house countries myths compare? First off, the Greeks and the Norse came from totally to different areas and life style (World Book 257) On the Norse side you have all the Northern countries which ranged from a lot of different backgrounds and the Greeks who at one point were considered the greatest country. The Norse, up north, had a difficult time. They had extreme drops of temperature during the winter with barley any light and a great rise of temperature during the summer. Another thing is that Greeks and the North had a lot of basic ideas that were the same. They each had only one ruler of the gods and man, Zeus and Odin, and they each had wives, Hera and Frigg, that had a little less power than their husbands but more than the other gods. Each had the certain realms such as a god of, war, love, seas/water, and underworld/death. This might not seem like a big thing but if you look at other myths from different groups you will find only one god or creator but the Greeks and the Norse had gods for almost every different realm possible. Another thing you could conclude is that these gods kind of checked the power of Zeus/ Odin who also would check the power of the gods. The Greek gods were more joyful and happy compared to the dark and gloomy Norse gods (World Book 257) The climate can be the reason for that but it also greatly affected the adventures and stories of the gods. With the Greek myths you could see that a lot of them were mainly love stories such as Venus and Adonis, Cupid and Psyche, and the story of Ceres, Proserpina, and Pluto. Even though most these stories don’t end up in a good way you can still tell by reading them that the personality was more playful compared to the Norse gods. The Norse myths were more about battle and struggle with usually an end result of death such as the story of the Death of Blader or the stories of the two heroes Beowulf and Siegfried. Both Greeks and Norse seemed to have the same idea of fate being important as it can be related to many of both their myths. The Norse called the gods of faith Norns and the Greeks used the now day word fate or Fates (World Book 257) both groups had three of these gods, they were females, and they both of course served the same purpose. One sets out the string of life, another decides the length and decides what is to happen to this person and the third cuts it off or ends it, which in simple form can be said as one sets the past, another the present, and the third the future. it seems that the Fates and Norns were more superior then the gods themselves even though they fall into a different realm then the gods which truly shows how important these fates or this idea of fate was to the Greeks and Northen people (World Book 257) As you can see both the Greeks and Norse believed that their lives are predetermined and they can’t really do much about it. The creation of the two stories is also slightly related. The Norse believed that the world was once frozen over and after years Ymir was born and Ymir was one of the first giants who was later killed by his grandchildren while the Greeks believed the world was formed from chaos were Gaea (mother earth) and Uranus (the heavens), were created. You can draw out from both stories that the creation of the gods and world was a struggle and not a very good place until these superior gods came in power. This idea really shows how much honor both gods had from their people. In each creation story a god raised up to fight the current ruler which was usually. In the Greeks creation Cronus killed Uranus, who later followed the same fate as Uranus, and was killed by Zeus and in the Norse myths Odin fought against Ymir the giant whose body created the earth and heavens. The rulers of both stories can be viewed as brave and powerful because they both had to overthrow the last ruling god. Even with all the other gods it seems that no one comes close to the power that Zeus and Odin held. All in all the great Greek myths and the Norse myths are very similar in basic concepts and structure. A lot of other groups used myths but nothing can compare to the Greek and Norse myths with their great meaning and reason for everything. Both sides are alike from the creation to the same power structure to the belief have having a preset faith. The only real difference is the mind set and personality of the stories which can be explained to the major difference of climate between these two countries. Why might they be so similar? Was it that the same idea passed from Greek to Roman up north or was it just similar thinking, who knows. Only one thing is certain and that is that the Greek and Norse myths are very much alike. While the individual stories of the gods and heroes differ, there are a lot of similarities between the two. Both are polytheistic mythologies – they have multiple gods. Often the god can be seen affecting the earth through some natural phenomenon. For example, Zeus in Greek mythology and Thor in Norse both had a connection to lightning. Gods were often patrons of different trades or types of people. Both Demeter (Greek) and Skadi (Norse) were connected to the harvest. The greatest difference is in the end of the gods. In Greek mythology there is no apocalypse – no end of the world. The gods will always be on Mount Olympus, ruling over the earth. Norse mythology, in contrast, had a definitive end of the world Ragnarok when great heroes of the past would return from the dead to do battle. During Ragnarok, it was said that the gods were fated to die – many of the “top” gods would die in battle with the greatest enemies and creatures of the mythology. Hundreds of years ago people did not have the technology to explain different forces of nature. They created gods, each with separate powers, to rule their domains. Some of the gods were merciful, some were wicked, and others were merely servants of more powerful gods. Looking at the gods, it is easy to tell what the civilization most valued. I am going to look at the Greek and the Norse gods to compare what was most important to their societies. Both cultures had a king of the gods. In Greek mythology there is no god who is more powerful than Zeus. He is the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea, ruler of the Titans. Cronus was told that one of his children would overthrow him, taking control of his kingdom. To be sure this would not happen; Cronus swallowed his first five children: Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, and Poseidon. Rhea could not bear to see another one of her children, devoured so she replaced Zeus with a rock wrapped in swaddling. Cronus, thinking he ate Zeus, left Rhea time to leave Zeus in a cave where he was raised by a divine goat, Amaltheia (pantheon/odin). After Zeus was grown he went back to Cronus with the help of Gaia and Metis, who made an elixir to cause Cronus to vomit his brothers and sisters. Zeus then led the fights against the Titan dynasty. Afterwards they banished the Titans to Tartarus, the lowest place on earth, even lower than the underworld. Zeus and his brothers then drew straws to find who would rule where. Zeus gained rule of the sky, Poseidon ruled the seas, and Hades ruled the underworld (pantheon/odin). Zeus is the god of law, justice, morals, thunder, lightning, and rain. It was his job to oversee and make sure laws were being kept. He was worshipped originally as a weather god. He was depicted as a middle-aged man with a youthful appearance; he was regale and was almost always shown ready to throw a lightning bolt (pantheon/zeus). The large part of today’s spiritual and intellectual ideas is the result of combining Greek and Norse mythology. Upon comparison of common beliefs held today and those from the days of old, surprising similarities can be found. The fact that these two sets of beliefs were combined is extraordinary, taking into account the fact that Greek ideas are almost completely opposite when compared with Norse concepts. Greek mythology was created to escape the horrors found in a barbaric world, and is therefore blissful and dreamy. Norse mythology, by contrast, is gloomy and full of impending doom. Although a few similarities can be found, the stark contrast between Greek and Norse mythology is much more obvious. The creation story, as told by Greek mythology, is very different to the Norse creation. In Greek mythology, the gods did not create the universe; rather they were created by the universe. The first descendants of Chaos were Night, Day, Heaven, and Earth. The gods were then descendants of Mother Earth and Father Heaven. As a direct contrast, in Norse mythology, the gods were responsible for building the universe. In the Elder Edda, it is stated that, “of old there was nothing.” Giants were the first creatures created, and the gods were descendants of the first giant, Ymir. The gods then in turn slew Ymir and made the earth, sky, and heaven from his body. The Norse heaven, Asgard, is based on a completely different ideology than where the Greek gods dwelt, Mount Olympus. There is no joy or bliss in Asgard, merely a dismal sense of doom. Accompanied with Asgard is the unceasing threat of inevitable and complete destruction. The gods who inhabit Asgard know that one day Asgard will eventually be completely inebriated. Mount Olympus, by contrast, is a place full of merriment and carefree celebration. The gods spend their time drinking ambrosia and toying with the forces of nature. Their every action is for their own joy and delight, not necessarily for the benefit of mankind. Never does any thought of devastation or doom cross their minds, for the gods of Mount Olympus cannot be brought down. Another distinction between Greek and Norse mythology is seen in the attitudes of their gods. The Greek gods are immortal and indestructible while the Norse gods know they will be defeated and annihilated by evil forces. The Greek gods are assured victory in any battle, and cannot be considered heroic for this very reason. Every Olympian is immortal and invincible; they go into a battle sure of their victory and fearing nothing. A drawback to this great advantage is that the Greek gods never know the exhilaration in overcoming astounding odds, or the adrenaline that comes from confronting danger. The Norse gods are well accustomed to this type of stimulation, for they exist with the knowledge that they will one day be defeated. In the end, when the forces of good and evil fight the final battle, evil will succeed over the Norse gods. There is nothing the gods can do to prevent their fate. The gods do not give up, but will put up a strong fight until the very end. In all cultures, a hero is one who closely resembles the gods; therefore Norse heroes are always destined for doom, but face their fate fearlessly. Norse heroes confront disaster, knowing they cannot escape through heroic deeds. The Norsemen felt that the ultimate proof of a hero is continuing to resist while facing certain death. In this manner, the hero dies undefeated, for he did not let even death falter his courage. Signy, a Norse heroine, embodies these ideas. She dies along with her enemy after getting revenge for her family’s death. Her heroic death is more of a triumph than avenging the wrong done to her. Mark Twain stated that, “Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear not absence of fear.” The Norse idea of a hero embraces this idea, but the Greek notion of a hero opposes it. Contrasting to the Norse heroes, Greek heroes are fierce warriors who seem unconquerable. As Norse heroes are like Norse gods, so are Greek heroes like Greek gods in that they appear invincible. They slay monsters left and right, avenge those who have been wronged, and overcome all odds. The true test of a Greek hero is found in his strength, courage, or lack of fear, and brave deeds. Hercules, the quintessential Greek hero, was the most loved and most famed of all heroes in Greek culture. The son of a mortal woman and Zeus, Hercules is half god and half human. Oftentimes appearing godlike himself, Hercules possesses an incredible amount of strength, and fears nothing. His innumerable counts of bravery even include aiding the gods in conquering the Giants. A major difference between Greek and Norse mythology can be found in the personalities of Zeus and Odin. The Greek Zeus is Lord of the Sky and ruler over all the other gods. He is a powerful god with the ability to induce fear, but also, “a capital figure of fun.” Zeus is supposed to have upheld the standards of right and wrong, but this is not always a very high standard. He entertains numerous affairs with mortal women and delights in causing trouble for mankind. Zeus is often pictured as amorous, joyful, and comic. Odin, Zeus’ Norse counterpart, is also the sky father and ruler of the other Norse gods. Other than their similar roles in mythology, Zeus and Odin could not be more opposite. Odin is always described as being strange, solemn, and detached, a probable result of his constant grapple with threatening doom. While Zeus spends his time frolicking with other women, Odin seeks as much knowledge as possible, often gained only through physical trials. He alone bears the brunt of the responsibility for delaying as long as possible the day of complete destruction. The chasm between Greek and Norse mythology is huge. Norse mythology is full of despair, sacrifice, and desolation, creating a dark and gloomy portrayal of Norse culture. The only bright spot in Norse mythology is remarkable heroism, which is characteristically marked by the death of the protagonist. Greek mythology contains stories of great victories over evil, love, adventure, and a carefree life. The hero inevitably wins and mankind is always celebrated. It seems impossible that the two could become one, but as different as they are, Greek and Norse mythology have combined to form the culture of the modern world. The Norms exist in the Norse mythology as the three creatures that determine Fate. Before they came to Asgard time did not exist. Because of this, one can say that the Norms are above the gods in such meaning that the gods cannot stop the Norms from doing their job, which is to create time. Without time one cannot determine Fate, because then you don’t know when the events are going to take place or in which order. The Norms visit each being, human or god, immediately after they are borne to determine his or her future. Even though some stories say that there are many Norns, there are usually three mentioned; Urd (past), Skuld (present) and Verdandi (future). These creatures live by the first root of Yggdrasil (the world tree) next to a well, which is known as the Well of Fate. Every morning they come out of the cave they spend their night in, then scoop up water and mix it with the sand around the tree to create magic dough. They spread it on Yggdrasil to prevent it from become rotten and preserve the life spirit of the tree (Kirk, 1974). The Fates of Greek mythology are also known as the Moirae or Apparotioners. These three females decide how long every individual is going to live. They were sometimes considered superior to the gods. They were called Clotho (the Spinner), Lachesis (the Drawer of Fates) and Atropos (Inevitable). Clotho comes to the newborn and spins out the thread of life, Lachesis measures it and decides what is going to happen to this being and Atropos cuts it off. (Kirk, 1974).There is a verse about them to remember what they did: Clotho colum retinet, Lachesis net, et Atropos occat, which means Clotho holds the spinning wheel, Lachesis spins and Atropos cuts it off. (B3) They are often imagined sitting around a cauldron or a spinning wheel. (Kirk, 1974).In both sets of mythologies the creatures that determine Fate are identical in purpose, gender and number. They are both above the gods and their jobs are inevitable for everyone. No one can go against the Fates. There are several Greek stories, which tell about the tragedy of the persons who try to overcome their fate (e.g. Oedipus). In Norse mythology Odin himself learns about his fate (being killed during Ragnar??k, the doomsday, by the wolf Fenris) from the Norms, and there is nothing he can do about it but prepare himself and his allies. Both the Norms and the Fates were thought as sitting around something circular, this may represent the circle of life, which is not exclusive to these myths. If we consider the mythologies as a reflection of the society, the conclusion is that both the Greeks and Vikings believed that their lives were already decided and one can only follow his/hers fate. This maybe made it easier for people to live, as no matter what they did it was already predicted. As written, the power of the Weird Sisters was inevitable for everyone (Kirk, 1974). The Greek and Roman Mythologies have fascinated human beings for centuries, inspiring books, movies, research, and conversation among those who want to learn more and who want to share the fables of the Gods and Goddesses. Their stories (myths or mythos, depending on the origin), their triumphs and failures, and their imminent Immortality has been the influence of many other religions, including Paganism and Norse Mythology. Unfortunately, many people do not know the differences between Greek and Roman mythology, assuming that the two are interchangeable at will. In reality, the two are very different from one another, and capture almost opposing life values that are central to the people of the time. Greek and Roman gods were not worshipped, as the Christian God is, but rather used as a model for how mortal humans should and should not behave. The Greeks came first, some 1,000 years before the Romans. Their most appreciated work, the Iliad, was distributed 700 years before the Roman’s most popular manuscript, the Aeneid. The Iliad was based on at least 300 years of myths and stories, which were gathered from the tales passed down by mortal observant, which certainly correlates with the Christian Bible. It was not meant as a holy scripture, however, but as a recorded history of the Greek Gods and Goddesses, who were revered by men during that time. The Greeks were focused primarily on life on earth, versus the eventuality of the afterlife. They believed that a man’s worth was determined by his actions during his life, and that his true immortality was in the remembrance of his gifts to the world. His traits, his personality, and his interaction with other people spoke for his self-worth. Gods and Goddesses were based on human personality traits – such as Love, Honor, Dignity, and Hatred – and their actions in myths were symbolic of the actions of men. Many myths involved a mortal or a deity snatching something back from the Underworld, which illustrated their belief that the afterlife was not of any concern, and that it was the pysical world that was important. Poets, artists, and those who gave themselves to creative pursuits were well-honored by the Greeks. They held creativity above physical works in the mortal and mythical world; myths reflected those personal traits and were meant to expose the positive and negative aspects of humanity. Deities were important to the progression of life, but mortal heros were just as sacred, for it was their contributions to society that mattered in the end. Individualism was also very important; the actions of a group were not as consequential as the actions of an individual. Men were responsible for their own well-being, and could not be bothered by the mistakes of the masses. Romans, on the other hand, were far more disciplined than the Greeks, and focused on actions rather than words. Whereas the Greeks revered the poet, the Romans held up the warrior as the epitome of sanctity, and rewarded bravery and risks taken by both mortals and deities. They strongly felt that good deeds on earth would be well-received in Heaven, and they strove to earn their place among the Gods in the afterlife. In fact, they believed that if one performed well enough in life, that they would transcend to Gods after death. The Romans adopted many of the myths and deities of the Greeks, though they changed names and circumstances to support their own beliefs. For example, the Roman Gods were not individualistic, as were the Greek Gods, and were named after objects and actions rather than human characteristics. Myths were rooted in the brave, heroic acts of the Gods, and rarely displayed the lives of mortals, because mortal life was not as important as that after death. Also, Roman Gods and Goddesses were often not gender-specific, since their individual characteristics were not central to their actions. Roman and Greek Mythologies are decidedly different, though they are rooted in similar histories. A study of their individual characteristics illustrates the values and beliefs of the Greeks and Romans respectively, and can offer a better understanding of how these myths and anecdotes originally came about. In Western culture there are a number of literary or narrative genres that scholars have related in different ways to myths. Examples are fables, fairy tales, folktales, sagas, epics, legends, and etiologic tales (which refer to causes or explain why a thing is the way it is). Another form of tale, the parable, differs from myth in its purpose and character. Even in the West, however, there is no agreed definition of any of these genres and some scholars question whether multiplying categories of narrative is helpful at all, as opposed to working with a very general concept such as the traditional tale. Non-Western cultures apply classifications that are different both from the Western categories and from one another. Most, however, make a basic distinction between “true” and “fictitious” narratives, with “true” ones corresponding to what in the West would be called myths. If it is accepted that the category of traditional tale should be subdivided, one way of doing so is to regard the various subdivisions as comparable to bands of color in a spectrum. Within this figurative spectrum, there will be similarities and analogies between myth and folktale or between myth and legend or between fairy tale and folktale. In the section that follows, it is assumed that useful distinctions can be drawn between different categories. It should, however, be remembered throughout that these classifications are far from rigid and that, in many cases, a given tale might be plausibly assigned to more than one category. The importance of studying myth to provide a key to a human society is a matter of historical record. In the middle of the 19th century, for instance, a newly appointed British governor of New Zealand, Sir George Grey, was confronted by the problem of how to come to terms with the Maori, who were hostile to the British. He learned their language, but that proved insufficient for an understanding of the way in which they reasoned and argued. In order to be able to conduct negotiations satisfactorily, he found it necessary to study the Maori’s mythology, to which they made frequent reference. Other government officials and Christian missionaries of the 19th and 20th centuries made similar efforts to understand the mythologies of nations or tribes so as to facilitate communication. Such studies were more than a means to an end, whether efficient administration or conversion; they amounted to the discovery that myths present a model or charter for man’s behavior and that the world of myth provides guidance for crucial elements in human existence–war and peace, life and death, truth and falsehood, good and evil. In addition to such practically motivated attempts to understand myth, theorists and scholars from many disciplines have interested themselves in the study of the subject. A close study of myth has developed in the West, especially since the 18th century. Much of its material has come from the study of the Greek and Roman classics, from which it has also derived some of its methods of interpretation. The growth of philosophy in ancient Greece furthered allegorical interpretations of myth–i.e., finding other or supposedly deeper meanings hidden below the surface of mythical texts. Such meanings were usually seen as involving natural phenomena or human values. Related to this was a tendency toward rationalism, especially when those who studied myths employed false etymologies. Rationalism in this context connotes the scrutiny of myths in such a way as to make sense of the statements contained in them without taking literally their references to gods, monsters, or the supernatural. Thus, the ancient writer Palaiphatos interpreted the story of Europa (carried off to Crete on the back of a handsome bull, which was actually Zeus in disguise) as that of a woman abducted by a Cretan called Tauros, the Greek word for bull; and Skylla, the bestial and cannibalistic creature who attacked Odysseus’ ship according to Homer’s Odyssey, was by the same process of rationalizing interpreted as simply the name of a pirate ship. Of special and long-lasting influence in the history of the interpretation of myth was Euhemerism (named after Euhemerus, a Greek writer who flourished about 300 BC), according to which certain gods were originally great people venerated because of their benefactions to mankind. The early Church Fathers adopted an attitude of modified Euhemerism, according to which classical mythology was to be explained in terms of mere men who had been raised to superhuman, demonic status because of their deeds. By this means, Christians were able to incorporate myths from the culturally authoritative pagan past into a Christian framework while defusing their religious significance–the gods became ordinary humans. The Middle Ages did not develop new theoretical perspectives on myth, nor, despite some elaborate works of historical and etymological erudition, did the Renaissance. In both periods, interpretations in terms of allegory and Euhemerism tended to predominate. About 1800 the Romantics’ growing fascination with language, the postulation of an Indo-European language family, the study of Sanskrit, and the growth of comparative studies, especially in history and philology, were all part of a trend that included the study of myth. The relevance of Indo-European studies to an understanding of Greek and Roman mythology was carried to an extreme in the work of Friedrich Max Muller, a German Orientalist who moved to Britain and undertook important research on comparative linguistics. In his view, expressed in such works as Comparative Mythology (1856), the mythology of the original Indo-European peoples had consisted of allegorical stories about the workings of nature, in particular such features as the sky, the Sun, and the dawn. In the course of time, though, these original meanings had been lost (through, in Muller’s notorious phrasing, a “disease of language”), so that the myths no longer told in a “rationally intelligible” way of phenomena in the natural world but instead appeared to describe the “irrational” activities of gods, heroes, nymphs, and others. For instance, one Greek myth related the pursuit of the nymph Daphne by the god Phoebus Apollo. Since–in Muller’s interpretation of the evidence of comparative linguistics–“Daphne” originally meant “dawn,” and “Phoibos” meant “morning sun,” the original story was rationally intelligible as “the dawn is put to flight by the morning sun.” One of the problems with this view is, of course, that it fails to account for the fact that the Greeks continued to tell this and similar stories long after their supposed meanings had been forgotten; and they did so, moreover, in the manifest belief that the stories referred, not to nature, but precisely to gods, heroes, and other mythical beings. Interest in myth was greatly stimulated in Germany by Friedrich von Schelling’s philosophy of mythology, which argued that myth was a form of expression, characteristic of a particular stage in human development, through which men imagine the Absolute (for Schelling an all-embracing unity in which all differences are reconciled). Scholarly interest in myth has continued into the 20th century. Many scholars have adopted a psychological approach because of interest aroused by the theories of Sigmund Freud. Subsequently, new approaches in sociology and anthropology have continued to encourage the study of myth. In the industrialized Western society of the 20th century, myths and related types of tales continue to be told. Urban folklorists collect stories that have much in common with the tales collected by the Grimm brothers, except that in the modern narratives the lone traveler is likely to be threatened, not by a werewolf, but by a phantom hitchhiker, and the location of his danger may be a freeway rather than a forest. Computer games use sophisticated technology to represent quests involving dragons to be slain and princesses to be saved and married. The myth of Superman, the superhuman hero who saves the world and preserves “the American way,” is a notable image embodying modern Americans’ confidence in the moral values that their culture espouses. Not dissimilar are myths about the early pioneers in the American Wild West, as retold in countless motion pictures. Such stories often reinforce stereotypical attitudes about the moral superiority of the settlers to the native Indians, although sometimes such attitudes are called into question in other movies that attempt to demythologize the Wild West. A particular illustration of the power that myths continue to exert was provided as late as the 1940s by the belief in the existence of an Aryan racial group, separate from and superior to the Semitic group. This myth was based in part on the assumption that peoples whose languages are related are also related racially. The fact that this assumption is spurious did not prevent the Aryan myth from gaining wide acceptance in Europe from the 18th century onward, and it was eventually to provide a supposed intellectual justification for the persecution of the Semitic Jews by their Aryan Germanic “superiors” during the period of Nazi domination. This episode suggests that, in politics, a myth will take hold if it serves the interests and focuses the aspirations of a particular group; the truth or falsity of the myth is irrelevant. In a sense, of course, this function is merely an extension of its more general role in religion, where a myth, as well as addressing questions such as a society’s place in the cosmos, may serve to justify a particular kind of governmental organization. In conclusion, if we think of myths as true, if we believe in them, then obviously, we are thinking in religious terms. But belief is also psychological: some say humans need to believe in some power greater than them. Others, like Joseph Campbell, see the origins of myth and religion in the psychological response of early man to the trauma of death. Thus, belief in a greater power arises when humans are faced with the mystery of what happens after death. The earliest efforts to rationalize myth by seeing it as disguised history, as disguised philosophy, or as fables illustrating moral truths all proceeded from a desire to make the seemingly irrational and immoral actions of gods and men appear rational and moral. Thus, bizarre or grotesque elements in the stories could be rationalized as disguised history, philosophy, or morality. However, these early rationalizes often ignored elements of the myths which did not fit into their allegorical schemes and made little attempt to look at myths psychologically or symbolically, or to place the them in their proper historical context. (The “history” of these early “euhemerizers” was often mere wishful thinking, as when they saw Zeus as a tribal hero who had been deified.) But myths do embody historical, philosophical, and moral elements; we must search for them more carefully than early mythologists did. Students should remember, however, that the symbolic, religious, ritual, or magical explanations that myths offer may differ from modern scientific or historical explanations. Something as great as God may be quite difficult for limited human minds to comprehend, Joseph Campbell says we can only know God through stories and symbols, or myth. But our stories are human and limited, and thus cannot, according to Campbell, tell literal truths, but all can and do tell metaphoric and symbolic truths. Ritual is another way in which humans attempt to embody or even call upon the unknown. Ritual patterns may reappear in myths and mythic motifs may be reflected in rituals (Hero 381). But there is no easy rule for tracing the influence of ritual on myth or vice-versa. Mythologists continue to argue whether the repetitive patterns of motifs and plot seen in many myths stem from ritual patterns (Hero 381), or from psychological archetypes inherent in humans, or from the repetition common in oral forms of storytelling (Hero 381). No one way offers a key to the interpretation of myths, but all can offer insights to different motifs and plot elements. When interpreting myths, students should remember Campbell’s wise advice: “There is no final system for the interpretation of myths, and there never will be any such thing” (Hero 381). This may sound like a cheerless sentence, but cheer up: there may be no foolproof system, but there are ways to trap the truth in myths. According to Campbell, myths are like the god Proteus (sometimes called the Old Man of the Sea) in the Odyssey who “always speaks the truth” (Homer 52, my emphasis). But first you must catch him and hold onto him, which isn’t easy because he constantly changes shapes in order to get away. “He will turn into all sorts of shapes to try you, into all the creatures of that live and move upon the earth, into water, into blazing fire; but you must hold him fast and press him all the harder” (Homer 53). Great advice for any student of myth! Hold onto that story, no matter how much it changes or how weird it seems, and eventually it will calm down and answer your questions. But Proteus only answers the specific questions put to him. So, to get good answers, you have to ask a lot of different questions. Work cited Brandenberg, Aliki .The Greek Gods and Goddesses of Olympus. p. 30. 1994. Burkert, Walter. Ancient Mystery Cults. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1987. Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. 2nd ed. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1968. Cook, Zeus Cambridge University Press, 1914, I, figs 397, 398. Curtius, Ernst Robert. European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages. Trans. Willard R. Trask. New York: Harper, 1963. David Syme Russel. Daniel. (Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1981) 191. Dundes, Alan. “The Flood as Male Myth of Creation.” The Flood Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: U of California P, 1988. 167-182. Durant, The Life of Greece (The Story of Civilization Part II, New York: Simon & Schuster) 1939:23. Eliade, Mircea. The Myth of the Eternal Return or, Cosmos and History. 1949. Trans. Willard R. Trask. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1965. Finley, M. I. The World of Odysseus. New York: Meridian Books, 1959. Gennep, Arnold van. The Rites of Passage. 1909. Trans. Monika B. Vizedom and G. L. Caffee. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1960. Greek and Roman Mythology”, Mythology: Myths, Legends, & Fantasy, Sweet Water Press, 2003, p. 21, ISBN 9781468265903 Thorfinnsson, Snorri . The prose Edda: Norse mythology. London: Penguin, 2005. Print. Hesiod. Works and Days / Theogony. Trans. Stanley Lombardo. Indianapolis: Hacket, 1993. Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. W. H. D. Rouse. New York: NAL 1937. Hamilton, Edith .Mythology (1998 ed.). New York: Back Bay Books. p. 467. 1942. ISBN 978-0-316-34114-1. Jung, Carl Gustav and Carl Ker??nyi. Essays on a Science of Mythology. 1949. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1963. Kirk, G. S. The Nature of Greek Myths. New York: Penguin, 1974. Leach, Edmund. Claude L??vi-Strauss. New York: Penguin, 1970. Morford, Mark P. O. and Robert J. Lenardon. Classical Mythology. 4th ed. New York: Longman, 1991. Pointed out by Bernard Clive Dietrich, The Origins of Greek Religion (de Gruyter) 1973:15. Richard Wyatt Hutchinson, Prehistoric Crete, (Harmondsworth: Penguin) 1968:204, mentions that there is no classical reference to the death of Zeus (noted by Dietrich 1973:16 note 78). Rodney Castleden, Minoans: Life in Bronze-Age Crete, “The Minoan belief-system” (Routledge) 1990:125 Seznec, Jean. The Survival of the Ancient Gods. New York: Harper, 1961. Wells,JohnC. Longman pronunciation dictionary. Harlow, England: Longman.1990. ISBN 0582053838.

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Greek vs Norse Mythology

Greek and Norse mythology are two of the most famous mythologies in history. Greek mythology is well known for its association with Greek culture, art, politics, theatre, literature, religion etc. Greek mythology is so influential that Greek words form the root of all European languages today (and even many non-European ones!). The Greek pantheon includes names like Zeus, Poseidon, Aphrodite etc. Greek mythology has even made its way into one of the world’s leading religions today- Christianity.

Greek mythology is so influential that Greek words form the root of all European languages today (and even many non-European ones!). Greek Myths are generally stories describing events concerning the gods and heroes of Greek Mythology. Greek Myths can be found in Greek Art and Architecture and Greek Theatre- for example, the great Greek tragedies written by famous playwrights such as Sophocles and Euripides were often adapted from Greek Mythology into plays that people could perform.

Greek mythology is so influential that Greek words form the root of all European languages today (and even many non-European ones!). The Greek pantheon includes names like Zeus, Poseidon, Aphrodite etc. Greek mythology has even made its way into one of the world’s leading religions today- Christianity. Greek culture would not exist without Greek myths.

Greek myth did not however influence only Greek culture- it influenced a large number of cultures including Roman Culture which had a huge impact on the modern world. Greek Mythology continues to this day to influence a large number of people around the world even though Greek mythology is no longer a dominant belief system in most parts of the world today.

Greek and Norse mythologies are the two most well-known mythological traditions in European history. Greek mythology can be traced back before Greek history, as Greek culture was heavily influenced by the Minoan civilization, which came before it. Greek mythology was passed down through oral tradition until around 500 BCE when Homer wrote “The Illiad” and “The Odyssey. ” Norse mythology is different than Greek mythology in that it has no traditional written text for studying purposes. Most of what we know about Norse mythology comes from archaeological evidence on Viking culture.

However, Norse mythology contains many poems and skaldic writings that were passed down orally instead of being recorded on paper or on stone inscriptions like Greek myths were. Greek myths revolve around a pantheon of Greek gods and Greek heroes. Every Greek God has a specific domain that he or she rules over, such as war or wisdom. Greek mythology tells the stories of Greek gods taking part in great exploits such as wars with Titans and the creation of humans by Prometheus and Epimetheus. Greek heroes such as Bellerophon and Perseus were made famous due to their feats during Greek mythology.

One example of Greek divine intervention occurred when Zeus sent a toga-clad man out into battle because his beloved daughter Athena was not allowed to fight men directly (Armstrong 18). Greek myths stress the value of humility and moderation. The most well-known example is how Hercules achieved immortality through his sufferings: by doing good deeds for others without reward (J. B. 59). Greek heroes usually triumph in their quests due to their wit and intelligence, rather than brawn or sheer force of will.

Greek mythology is the source for many Greek arts, such as theater and sculpture. Greek art very often depicts Greek gods acting out familiar stories that are found in Greek legends. Greek myths are divided into two main categories: epic tales with heroic characters, which often include magical elements; and “wisdom” literature meant to edify readers by imparting knowledge about culture, society, or nature (Armstrong 18-19). Greek wisdom literature includes works like Hesiod’s “Theogony,” which tells the story of how Zeus created humans through Prometheus’ help.

Both of Greek myth were intended for a Greek audience. Greek mythology was not intended to convey a single, cohesive message, but generally stresses values such as justice and temperance (Armstrong 4). Greek myths make a clear distinction between the realm of mortals and the realm of the gods. Mortals in Greek myths are subject to all kinds of misfortunes: disease, death, war, natural disasters. The only way for mortals to escape these misfortunes is through piety towards Greek gods (Zacharias 161).

Greek heroes often get assistance from Greek gods because they are under divine protection. Greek mythology has many stories about how various things came into existence. For example, human beings were made by Prometheus and Epimetheus while Pandora was created by Zeus to punish the Greek people (Zacharias 100-101). Prometheus and Epimetheus were two Greek mortals who were given magical gifts by Greek gods. Prometheus was given fire and taught how to use it, while Epimetheus was given different qualities of animals such as swiftness, strength, fur, etc. (Armstrong 19).

Greek mythology tells the story of Pandora’s box: a box that contained all kinds of evils that would plague humanity after Zeus sent Pandora out into the world (Zacharias 101). The Greek hero Heracles captured Cerberus with help from Hermes and Athena. Greek heroes like Odysseus and Perseus perform epic quests and received magical items from Greek gods to aid them on their quests. Greek myths also contain many stories of Greek heroes falling in love with Greek gods, or Greek goddesses falling in love with Greek mortals. Greek mythology has many parallels to Norse mythology.

Greek heroes often perform their daunting feats with help from Greek gods, just as Norse heroes are assisted by Norse gods. Greek myths include stories about Zeus’ punishments towards mortals who displease him, similar to how Odin can turn his back on unworthy people. Both Greek and Norse mythology have separate pantheons of deities that represent certain aspects of the mortal world (Armstrong 4). Similarities between Greek and Norse mythologies exist because there was a common Indo-European heritage shared by both civilizations.

The people of ancient Greece drew upon this common heritage for cultural inspiration when they started forming Greek myths. Greek mythology is prominent in Greek art and Greek literature because Greek heroes were able to gain divine favor through their pious acts, like Norse heroes (Armstrong 32-33). Greek mythology contains many stories of Greek heroes who start out as young children, but transform into great Greek warriors during their adventures; Odin also transforms from godhood to fatherhood when he fathers the Norse god Thor (Chesterton 2058-2059).

Greek gods like Zeus are known for using magic or influencing events. Greek heroes often prove themselves by doing things that Greek gods do, such as throwing fireballs or creating earthquakes (J. B. 40). Greek wisdom literature uses common motifs seen throughout Greek myth–gluttony, greed, hubris, etc. –to convey Greek ideas about the proper way to live life. Greek writers used Greek myth to teach how Greek people should behave towards Greek gods, and Greek heroes are used to showing what Greek men should do in their lives (Armstrong 16).

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Norse Mythology Vs Greek Mythology

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Norse Mythology vs. Greek Mythology There are many mythologies in the world, and all of these have things in common as well as differences. A very popular mythology would be Greek mythology, Which many people know about it or at least know of it. Another not as popular mythology is Norse mythology; Norse mythology is the religion of the Norse people. The Norse people are the ancient people of northern Europe (Scandinavia, Iceland, Denmark, Northern Germany etc. ) (World Book 259).

A major difference between Norse mythology and Greek mythology are both cultures views of the after life and what happens there. In Greek mythology there is one allotted place for people to go after death and once they are there they stay there for all eternity. In Norse mythology there are four different places for the dead: Folkvang, Valhalla, Helheim, and Ran’s hall or the halls of Ran. Folkvang is the allotted area for your everyday warrior who fought and died and did nothing more.

Valhalla is Odin’s hall where 800 of the bravest warriors go and train for the coming of Ragnarok (literally the ending of the gods or the end of the world) (Wikipedia online).

Helheim is literally the house or home of Hel; Hel is the goddess of the “underworlds” Niflheim (land of fire and heat) and Helheim. Helheim is the place where one who didn’t die “gloriously” (Wikipedia online) or in battle goes, those who died from diseases, accidents, old age, etc. Ran is the goddess of the sea and the drowned. She is said to sink ships and collect the drowned in a net and take them to her hall where they dwell there.

The Essay on Greek Civilization People Greeks City

Greek Civilization The Greek civilization is the first European civilization to be born. Other civilizations like Mesopotamia, India, and china were born in Asia Minor. The Greek civilization was based on ideas. Unlike the Middle Eastern civilization, Greeks doesn't have a river, neither a lot of agriculture. Greeks focused on its mental resources, proving what's right and wrong, math and science, ...

In Greek mythology they go to the underworld (or Hades) and they are then separated and either got to Tartarus (hell) or the Elysian fields (heaven) (World Book 257).

Folkvang, Valhalla, Helheim, and The Halls of Ran are four separate areas in the world of Norse mythology where as Hades is one and Tartarus and the Elysian fields are two places within Hades. Also each place in Norse mythology is based on four different types of deaths, not by how you act (with the exception of Valhalla) but by how you died. Where as in Greek mythology there is a subconscious good and bad categorizing of your deeds and actions during your life rather than how you died. Another difference is the creatures. In Greek mythology there are three basic non-human creatures: the gods, the titans, and the nymphs.

In Norse mythology there are 5 main non-human creatures: the Aesir and Vanir (gods), the Jotnar (giants), the ‘Alfar (‘Alfar), Svart ” al far (dark ‘Alfar), and the Valkyries. The Aesir and the Vanir are your basic extraordinary immortals, though in Norse mythology the gods were thought to be mortal, only kept immortal by eating the apples of Idun. However, they could be slain even if they ate the apples. The Jotnar were giants or the Norse equivalent to the Greek titans, but the Jotnar did not fight with the gods in a war like the titans did with the Greek gods. The ‘Alfar are lesser “gods” that control nature.

‘Alfar are viewed as “gods” of fertility due to their connection to nature (agriculture specifically); they ” re not actual gods in the sense it is used but more so magically inclined creatures. Finally are the Svart ” al far or commonly referred to as, trolls, dark ‘Alfar, or black ‘Alfar. The Svart ” al far aren’t anything like the ‘Alfar; they are regarded as being small, disfigured people who dwell in mountains and mounds and hate the light. The Svart ” al far were master craftsman and made many things for the gods such as Thor’s hammer (Mjollnir) a wall around Asgard (land of the gods) and countless rings. In Norse mythology they seem to have to “clans” or groups of gods, the Vanir and the Aesir.

The Essay on Greek And Norse Mythology

Greek mythology and Roman mythology are almost identical. This is an accepted fact, as it is widely known that the Romans stole the Greek myths. However, it is very interesting to note that the mythology of the Vikings (Norse) has many similarities with the Greek myths. These myths are, by no means, identical to the Greek ones (like the Roman ones are), but there are very distinct commonalities ...

They don’t appear to have any noticeable differences. The Vanir are referred to as “lesser” gods and are usually viewed as gods and goddesses of fertility. The Aesir are more of your standard gods and goddesses with a supreme god or goddess and other gods and goddesses with standard roles (i. e. sea, music / poetry or art, war, wisdom, beauty, etc).

Valkyries are spirits that choose the warriors that go to Valhalla and take them their.

There isn’t much information on Valkyries other than them being the spirits that choose and guide the select few to Valhalla. There are only twenty-three of them. The Jotnar were created originally from the first Jotnar (Ymir).

Ymir was killed by Odin and Odin created Midgard (land of humans) from his body. Ymir was created from the collision of Niflheim and Muspellheim (land of fog, ice, and cold) in the beginning; from the sweat from his armpits were created the first two frost giants, male and female, and from them came the rest of the frost giants; from his leg came also another male giant. The Jotnar were known to mate with both the Aesir and Vanir.

In Greek mythology the gods didn’t mate with the titans. Also the nymphs were sometimes referred to as daughters of the gods where as the ‘Alfar, Svart ” al far, and Valkyries were not. (Keenan 54) Finally, Ragnarok, or the end of the world, is the biggest difference between Norse mythology and most all mythologies including Greek. Ragnarok is the essential “end of the world” although no actual destruction of the world comes to pass during it. Ragnarok is a very detailed battle where all the warriors from Valhalla fight with Odin and the rest of the Aesir against the Jotnar and Loki (the god of trickery).

This cannot be compared to anything in Greek mythology Because Greek Mythology doesn’t have an equivalent to Ragnarok or anything close.

In conclusion Norse mythology and often forgotten mythology is very different from many mythologies. Proof being in large difference between Norse and Greek Mythology. Death isn’t judged by your actions but by how you died. There are many more magically inclined creatures.

Also the end of the world which no other mythology that I am aware of has. Works Cited Keenan, Sheila. Gods, Goddesses, and Monsters: An Encyclopedia of World Mythology. New York: Scholastic, 2000. Norse Mythology. (Online) Available web mythology 3 May 2005.’ Teutonic Mythology.’ World Book.

The Essay on Greek Goddess Artemis and the Roman Goddess Diana

The Roman empire developed much later than the Greek empire thus the Romans copied almost everything that the Greeks had developed over time, such as art, literature and Gods. However the Romans did give some of their Gods different names and duties than those of the Greek Gods. There are other differences, which is shown between the Greek Goddess Artemis and the Roman Goddess Diana. These two ...

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Which is better, Greek mythology or norse mythology

I thibk that both seen really cool. I'm just wondering which one is better overall and which one is easier to get into