rural development essay writing

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Rural Development

Categories: Agriculture Economic Growth

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Words: 730 |

Published: Sep 20, 2018

Words: 730 | Pages: 2 | 4 min read

Introduction

Works cited.

Odurukwe, S., Matthews-Njoku, E., & Ejioku-Okereke, N. (2006). Agricultural production and poverty in Nigeria. Journal of Rural Economics and Development, 15(1), 32-45.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (1995). Agricultural development and food security in Africa. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/v8330e/v8330e00.htm
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). (1993). Rural poverty report. Rome: IFAD.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP). (n.d.). Gender and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. Retrieved from http://www.africa.undp.org/content/rba/en/home/library/women-economic-empowerment/gender-and-agriculture-in-sub-saharan-africa.html
Damisa, M., & Yohanna, M. (2007). Gender roles in agricultural production: A case study of women farmers in rural Nigeria. Journal of Gender and Rural Development, 2(1), 32-42.
Abdullahi, R. (n.d.). Rural women and agricultural development in Nigeria. Retrieved from https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/11527
Afolabi, M. (2008). Women's contribution to food production in rural Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 12(1), 50-60.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (1995). Women in agriculture: Closing the gender gap for development. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/v9776e/v9776e00.htm
Ampaire, E. L., & Kansiime, M. K. (2016). Factors influencing women's participation in agricultural production and decision-making in Uganda. Gender, Technology and Development, 20(3), 207-227.
Mba, S. (2010). The role of women in agricultural production: A case study of rural women in Southeast Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 3(4), 246-252.

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Essay on Rural Development

Students are often asked to write an essay on Rural Development in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Rural Development

Rural development: an overview.

Rural development is about improving the quality of life and economic health of people in rural areas. It involves increasing the opportunities available to rural people.

Importance of Rural Development

Rural development is crucial for a balanced and sustainable growth. It helps in reducing poverty and enhancing rural economy.

Methods for Rural Development

Methods include improving infrastructure, such as roads and schools, and providing access to services like health and education. Also, promoting sustainable agriculture is key.

Challenges in Rural Development

Challenges include limited resources, lack of education, and poor infrastructure. Overcoming these requires effective policies and strategies.

250 Words Essay on Rural Development

Introduction.

Rural development signifies the actions and initiatives taken to improve the standard of living in non-urban neighborhoods, countryside, and remote villages. These communities can be transformed and given a new lease of life with the appropriate policy interventions.

Rural development is crucial for the overall growth of a country. A significant proportion of the population still lives in rural areas worldwide, and their well-being should not be overlooked. Besides, rural areas are rich in natural resources, and rural development promotes the sustainable utilization of these resources.

The process of rural development is fraught with numerous challenges. These include the lack of basic infrastructure, low levels of literacy, high levels of poverty, and limited access to health services. The geographical isolation of some rural areas also poses significant logistical challenges.

Strategies for Rural Development

Strategies for rural development should focus on improving the living conditions of the rural populace. This can be achieved through the provision of basic amenities like clean water, healthcare, education, and job opportunities. Equally important is the empowerment of rural communities to participate in decision-making processes that affect their lives.

In conclusion, rural development is a complex process that requires concerted efforts from all stakeholders. While the challenges are significant, the potential rewards in terms of improved living conditions, economic growth, and social stability are immense. Therefore, it is an area that deserves the utmost attention and commitment.

500 Words Essay on Rural Development

Rural development is essential for the comprehensive growth of a nation. It is not merely about developing isolated, individual villages or towns, but about creating an interconnected network of growth and prosperity. The rural population contributes significantly to the national economy, particularly in countries where agriculture is the primary source of income. Thus, improving the living conditions and economic opportunities in these areas can significantly boost the overall economic performance of a country.

Despite its significance, rural development faces numerous challenges. The most prevalent issue is the lack of basic infrastructure, such as roads, electricity, and clean water. The absence of these amenities hampers economic activities and makes it difficult for people to access healthcare, education, and other essential services.

Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive, multi-pronged strategy. Firstly, there is a need to invest in infrastructure development. This includes building roads, providing electricity, and ensuring access to clean water. Such amenities not only improve the quality of life but also promote economic activities.

Secondly, improving the quality of education and providing vocational training can significantly enhance the skills of the rural population. This, in turn, can enable them to diversify their economic activities and increase their income.

Rural development is a critical aspect of national growth and prosperity. While it presents numerous challenges, with the right strategies, these can be overcome. By investing in infrastructure, improving education, and promoting local industries, we can ensure the holistic development of rural areas. This will not only improve the living conditions of the rural population but also contribute significantly to the overall economic performance of a nation.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Rural Community Development and its Potentials Essay (Critical Writing)

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The Essence of a Community

When almost the entire world is harking about the advances of technology and globalization, rural development has since been put in the backseat in the efforts to uphold a concept called modernization. However, it is not difficult to realize that without rural development, the sustainability of globalization and modernization will not become what is expected because food security and environmental management is rooted upon rural development. Thus, rural development must go hand in hand with all other types of development for globalization to achieve its full potential. In this case, the article “In Search of the Community in the Changing Countryside” authored by Kenneth Wilkinson (1996) is right in saying that rural community development must be espoused so that rural and urban communities can be integrated to be able suffice the needs of everyone and achieve “ecological stability in the larger society”.

Although Wilkinson’s article is rather old, it has many salient points that expounded the importance of community development in rural America. In fact, it is a speech the author delivered as a presidential address at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Rural Sociological Society in Blacksburg, Virginia. The article discussed how communities in the countryside should face economic hardships and severe alienation by involving themselves into communities that can guide them to enhance development within their midst. Although technological changes have been going on around them, Wilkinson (1986) insisted that there are resilient strategies that countryside communities can take in order to encourage rural community development. In this paper, we will delve into the details of Wilkinson’s article and try to weigh down his perspectives about rural community development. In analysis, it is expected that we can apply the concepts Wilkinson stated in our contemporary times as we will attempt to upgrade the strategies instilled by this landmark paper.

Before Wilkinson (1986) sparked his discussion about rural community development, he first suggested to clear out the concept of a community. Although there are “several hundred definitions of community now in print”, Wilkinson (1986) warned that “a new definition” is his intention to achieve but he wanted to spell out “two approaches to defining this concept”. By “taking one of the approaches”, Wilkinson (1986) will explain “the elements of a measurable form of community in a modern society”.

In the first approach, Wilkinson cited Nisbet (1967) who defined community by equating “it with the integrative element of social interaction, wherever the interaction occurs” Wilkinson (1986) explained that “social bonds might be called community” because it can be “found between nations, between persons who share an interest but are scattered over a nation or city, between residents of a ‘bedroom’ suburb, or between the residents of a more or less complete local society”. In this case, when we mention the word community, it essentially “ignores the original territorial meaning of this term and directs the search for community into a broad area that would be more properly called ‘sociology’ than ‘sociology of community’.” In comparing it to the second approach, Wilkinson (1986) stated that the difference is upheld only by the article “the” when combined with “community”. In this case, he said that the “study of the community entails a search for community in a particular kind of territorial and social environment”. After defining the concept, Wilkinson (1986) proceeded into discussing the three elements of a community, in which these elements are the criteria that can measure the “extent of presence or development of community in a population. These elements are:

Community is a local ecology – Wilkinson (1986) explained that this is the original defining factor in conceptualizing a community. In fact, this topic is “the oldest and best-developed body of theoretical literature on the community”, wherein “a local ecology designates the community as a collective organization through which residents of a small territory meet their daily needs”.
Community has social structures – To become a community, it must contain social structures. As an organization of social life, a community must contain “sufficient structures such as groups, firms, agencies, and facilities to meet all of the daily needs and to express all the major categories of the common interests of people”. In short, “the community is a holistic or global structure, unlike a prison, monastery, or neighborhood where one or more common social institutions would be absent”. Wilkinson (1986) explained that “one could meet all daily needs in a community, although one need not actually do so for this criterion to be met”.
The community consists of a field of community actions – In order for a community to thrive immensely for its people, Wilkinson (1986) reasoned out that “collective efforts” are needed to be undertaken “to solve local problems” and showcase “collective expressions of local identity and solidarity”.

Upon combining the three elements, Wilkinson (1986) expressed that the search for a community can be achieved. As “the phenomenon indicated by convergence of these three elements-a local ecology, a holistic organization, and a field of community actions-is the object of the search for the community” because “the community is the smallest form of society and the most comprehensive social unit one can experience firsthand”. As explained by “Durkheim’s concept of “truly collective activity”, Mead’s concept of the “generalized other” and the broad idea of community as a social bond, Wilkinson (1986) gathered that “the relations between people who actually live together and work together on local problems are of special sociological importance”. In addition to “the qualities of primacy and immediacy”, Wilkinson (1986) suggested that a “community has instrumental and intrinsic values”, where the “extent to which community is present or developed in a local population can influence the level of achievement of common goals by that population, although this instrumental value has been more widely proclaimed in the literature than it has ‘been demonstrated empirically’”.

Wilkinson (1986) lamented that the intrinsic values of most communities are “hidden or suppressed”. For example, “local ecology has little focus or structure”, “major institutions and services are missing” or “public affairs are disrupted by turbulence, conflict, and self-seeking behaviors”. When in this situation, the full potential of the community is stunted down and the needs of the people will not be served out completely. He also mentioned about the critics saying that a community “no longer exists or will no longer exist when the urbanization of the world is complete”. Another response observed is that the “community has been replaced by smaller structures rather than by larger structures”. Lastly, a response Wilkinson faced is the comment that delineated a community “having three essential elements persists despite the importance of larger and smaller structures in social life and this phenomenon continues to influence social well-being” and most communities do not “act”.

While all these comments have valid arguments, Wilkinson (1986) declared that all communities are different and can “act but only under special conditions”. He mentioned particularly that “community action occurs when unusual events threaten local residents” and. “when that occurs, an identity of interest can produce a more or less unified process of collective action among people who seem otherwise to have few if any common interests”. While there is more studies needed to counteract some criticisms about the elements of communities, Wilkinson (1986) deemed that what is important to focus on is the “potential for community to develop and the implications of such a potential become even more apparent when the search for the community takes us into the changing countryside”.

Changes in the Countryside and Rural Development

Wilkinson (1986) shared that the “relative advantage of a rural setting for development of community” is that most of the things are “being equal, are more or less self-evident”. He expounded that “fewer people and fewer groups generally have fewer problems of communication, coordination, and integration”, as the population increases there are more difficulties that needed to be faced but it is not impossible to achieve the emergence of a community in the local society. However, there are serious constraints that may appear during the emergence of a community. Wilkinson (1986) mentioned that “the first requirement for community is that the local ecology be able to serve the daily needs of its residents”, but as studies in human ecology and geography have shown, this ability adaptive capacity, tends to increase with urbanization, at least up to some threshold”. Thus, “rurality limits community development ecologically by restricting the ability of the local population to meet its daily needs within the local territory”. This phenomenon can partially be explained “by the terms ‘dependency’ and ‘distance” because when “a population that is too small to provide essential services itself, for example, must rely on larger centers, and distance from larger centers limits access to the needed resources”. This can be seen in the reality that most rural communities are underdeveloped than their urban counterparts because of their utter dependency and the complacence of not tapping its full potentials for development.

Wilkinson (1986) also explained that blaming the encroachment of urban society into rural society is not viable, when arguing about the immediacy and dependency issue. He explained that “this encroachment argument has two flaws”:

It assumes that rural and urban sectors of society constitute different societies or at least different forms of society. Thus, it ignores the integration of the fate of the rural with that of the urban.
The anomie it predicts during periods of rapid rural growth is poorly documented. For example, crime is found not to increase with boom growth in small towns, although the fear of crime is found to increase, implying perhaps that some residents of boom towns have embraced myths of boomtown disruption promulgated by journalists and other observers.

Although it is convincing that there are big problems that arise during transition when rural communities transform to become urban centers, available studies have not proven that this is mainly the culprit of all serious rural problems. In this case, Wilkinson (1986) suggested that what rural communities need is to be “more urban and less isolated from resources and institutions of our essentially urban society”. In this case, the answer should be rural community development.

Wilkinson (1986) suggested strategies on how communities in the countryside can undertake rural community development:

A strategy of rural community development should have a structural focus to complement the social psychological or individual-level focus of many development programs.
Although community development is a local action process, efforts to encourage that process in rural areas should address issues in a larger context than a strictly local one.
The key objective of rural community development should be to remove the constraints to community associated with rurality while building upon the potential for community development also associated with rurality.

With these strategies, rural communities will be able to “set the stage for delineating challenges to rural sociology associated with promoting rural community development”. Wilkinson (1986) thought that “the effective strategy of rural community development must address structural factors because the problems of dependency and distance are mainly structural”. Communities should also focus on their competitive advantages and their rural community development agenda should not undermine the “growth in jobs, income services, and other resources, and such growth typically means urbanization”. Emery et al. (2004) agreed to the fact that communities should focus in enhancing economic potentials “community economic development programs continually assert attracting industry as the most effective strategy for job creation”. Because when there are no jobs, it “increases community dependency on forces outside the locale”. In the future, rural communities need not to become a “big city”, but it should not also isolate itself within the advantages of modernization. Thus, “combining the advantages of the rural and the urban, one can outline an ideal rural-urban model of local social organization”. Lastly, equality should always be espoused because community development is “an interactional phenomenon” that “obviously requires frequent, open contact among those who share a local society”.

Wilkinson’s article shared a lot of points that needed to be explored on. Especially during this age of globalization, rural communities should not fear to embrace the advantages of these modernization going on within their midst. In fact, they can co-exist with it and instill the values of what rural community development is all about. Rural communities should not remain as backward villages that are seemingly forgotten by society, rather they can be proactive contributors to modern society as they enjoy the benefits of development like their urban counterparts. For example, Brooks (2007) emphasized that rural community development is essential in the modern age because it is essential in enhancing the social capital of any state because “community growth and prosperity requires recognition of the active partnership role that government must adopt in the process”. Also, improvements in education can help in this quest for rural community development and collective actions are needed to combat dependency, distance, and inequality that serve as barriers to achieve the full potentials of community development.

Brooks, K. (2007). Social Capital: Analysing the Effect of a Political Perspective on the Perceived Role of Government in Community Prosperity. Rural Society 17(3): 231-248.
Emery, Mary, Wall, M. & Macke, D. (2004). From Theory to Action: Energizing Entrepreneurship (E2), Strategies to Aid Distressed Communities Grow their Own. Journal of the Community Development Society , 35(1): 82.
Wilkinson, K.P. (1986) In Search of the Community in the Changing Countryside. Rural Sociology 51(1): 1-17.
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Essay, Paragraph or Speech on “Rural Development” Complete Essay, Speech for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.

Rural Development

Essay No. 01

Rural India is where three-fourths of our countrymen live. The nation can therefore be strong and prosperous only when all villages are freed from backwardness and poverty. The Government of India is committed to the cause of bringing about rapid and sustainable development in the rural areas.

The Ministry of Rural Development is engaged in implementing a number of schemes which aim at enabling rural people to improve their living standards. Education, removal of poverty and speedy socio-economic progress is the goal with which the development programmes are being implemented through a multi pronged strategy, reaching out to the most disadvantaged sectors of society Huge priority is being accorded to provide clean drinking water, rural housing and road. The social security programmes are being implemented for providing assistance to the destitute and downtrodden. Assistance and encouragement to voluntary agencies and training of functionaries forms part of the emphasis on accelerated rural development. The ministry is constantly endeavouring to empower the Panchayt Raj institutions in terms of functions, power and finance. In the new initiative the Gram sabha has become the most significant institutions. Non-Government Organisations self help group and Panchayati Raj institutions have been accorded adequate role to make participating democracy meaningful and effective. Development of waste lands desert and drought prone areas has also been undertaken along with land reforms.

By way of holistic approach to the task of ensuring a sustainable development of land Rural Development Ministry has created two department viz. Department of Land Resources and Department of Drinking Water Supply in addition to the Department of Rural Development. This will facilitate coordinated policy interventions as well as quality improvement in the related development schemes.

Keeping in view the betterment of backward and the most backward sections of the society in rural areas of the country, Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme has been implemented through a parliamentary Act. Under the scheme, a person under a village household will get 100 day employment work with a wage of Rs. 60 on daily basis. All the existing employment schemes of the central government will merge into this mega scheme. Initially this scheme has been implemented in 200 districts of the country.

To ensure that maximum benefits of the programmes accrue to the people in villages the ministry has adopted a four pronged strategy of creating awareness about the programmes, ensuring transparency in them encouraging peoples participation in the development process and promoting concept of social audit for accountability.

The allocation of funds for rural development has been stepped up from Rs. 30,000 crore in the Eight Plan to Rs. 42,874 crore in the Ninth Plan. The Ministry has a plan allocation of Rs. 12,265 crore of the year 2001-200. This includes Rs. 9,205 crore for the schemes of the Department of Rural Development, Rs. 900 crore for those of the Department of Land Resources and Rs. 2,160 crore for the schemes of the Department of Drinking Water Supply.

Rural Poverty — Poverty levels in the country are expected to come down to less than 20% at the end of the 10th plan period.

However since each and every state is not expected to add to the growth at the national average, Bihar together with Jharkhand and Orissa have nearly 50% of the country’s poor.

According to planning commission estimates, some 10 crore people who are below the poverty line would be living in undivided Bihar and Orissa. Total number of people who fall into the category of poor would be 22 crore at the end of the 10th plan period.

There are states which together with undivided Madhya Pradesh, undivided Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and West Bengal would account for a little more than 80% of the poor in the country at the end of the 10th plan period. Poverty levels would continue to reign high in these four states despite substantial reduction in the percentage of poor population.

Rural poverty will continue to be higher than urban poverty. The national average for rural poverty has been pegged at 21.07% while urban poverty is estimated to 15-5 at the end of the 10th plan period.

Considering that a significant portion of India lives is rural areas, in absolute numbers about 17 crore people in rural areas would remain poor in 2007. In comparison the number for urban areas is pegged at a little under 5 crore people. States such as Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Delhi would have higher ratio of urban poor than rural poor in 2007.

Improvement of Village Panchayats – The 73rd constitutional amendment in 1992, which conferred constitutional status on the Panchayti Raj Institution was considered to be means of decentralization and more effective delivery of rural development initiatives. A decades down the line through the required institutional framework has been put in place in nearly all the states but the extent of decentralization attained is only modest.

The issue is partly related to the peculiar aspects of the fiscal position of local bodies. While they are expected to take up a largest share of development activities in a decentralised framework, their own revenue mobilisation capacity does not grow correspondingly. Apart from this fiscal issue the autonomy of local body gets affected by the inadequacy of powers transferred to them by the state government. A working group of the planning commission for the Tenth Plan period also observed that through the progress on political devolution the PRIs in terms of election has been well established. The Gram Sabha in most Panchayti Raj acts have been entrusted with only ceremonial functions. Thus the goal of decentralised planning is still far from being realised.

The working group has therefore suggested that the powers and functions of the local bodies should be enlarged significantly. It has also recommended greater power of taxation and avenues for non-tax revenue to these bodies and provision of united grants.

Essay No. 02

Rural lives in villages. About.70% of its population lives in villages, scattered all over the country like stars in the night sky. About 96% of India’s geographical area is covered by villages. The vast majority of India living in rural areas cannot be taken lightly in any planning aimed at socio-economic development of the country.

It is now increasingly being felt that no planning can be successful unless more and more attention is paid to rural development schemes and poverty alleviation programmes. Therefore, many new schemes to ameliorate the conditions of the rural population are being launched, and the old ones are being completed expeditiously. That this rural bias and thrust has registered a success is evident from the fact that the poverty line has come down significantly, from over 57% in 1961 to 26% in 1999-2000. The implementation of various community development programmes in the first three Five Year Plans and specific poverty alleviation and unemployment removal programmes during the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and Ninth Five Year Plans have gone a long way in the upliftment of the masses in the villages. The quantum of financial assistance and allocation under the Ninth Five Year Plan was raised substantially and many major structural changes have been effected to achieve the targeted goals of rural development, poverty alleviation and employment generation schemes. Consequently, the number of beneficiaries is rising rapidly. The Constitutional sanction granted to gram panchayats, etc. has further boosted the morale of rural institutions.

Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) is a major instrument to alleviate rural poverty. The main objectives of IRDP are to raise families of the identified target group above the poverty line and create substantial opportunities of self-employment in the villages. The funds for this programme are shared 50:50 between the Centre and the states. In case of the Union Territories, complete financial assistance is provided by the Centre. The scheme is being implemented through the District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) and block level functionaries at the grass root levels. At the level of the state, there is a co-ordination committee headed by the chief secretary to look after its overall implementation. IRDP was first launched in 1978-79 in 2,300 blocks and, was extended to cover all the 5,011 blocks of the country from October 2, 1980.

The scheme, meant to improve the social and economic condition of the poorest of the rural poor, is being evaluated through research conducted by independent and government institutions. According to the report of January-December 1989, about 20% of the old families crossed the poverty line of Rs. 3,500 and 28% of the revised poverty line of Rs.6,400. However, about 78% of the families had incremental income. Nearly 34% of the assisted families belong to destitute and 46%, very poor groups. The major impact of the scheme is that it benefits the poorest and the most deprived sectors of the society. The families eligible for help under the scheme are those where the annual family income is less than Rs. 4,800 per year. It also includes families of small and marginal farmers whose operational holding is less than 5 acres of land. The final selection of these poor families is done through grain panchayats and gramsabhas. Special attention is being paid to women. They are organised in groups for productive activities. These groups are given training and provided with suitable monetary help for increasing their family income.

Then there is the National Scheme of Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM), launched as a centrally-sponsored scheme on 15 August, 1979. The main emphasis of the scheme is on equipping rural youth, in the age group of 18-35 years, with necessary skills and technology to take up vocations for self-employment in agriculture and allied activities, industry, services and business. There are some special schemes to improve the lot of rural women and children, under which groups of 5-10 rural women are formed for carrying on income generating activities. Each group is sanctioned a revolving fund of Rs. 15,000. In case of states, the fund is shared equally by the Centre, state government and UNICEF, while in the Union Territories, the Centre bears Rs. 10,000 per group and the balance is borne by UNICEF. UNICEF also bears the expenditure on the staff component for a period of six years. The scheme has taken significant strides since its beginning in 1982.

Similarly, various pilot projects have been launched to generate employment. These include Crash Scheme for Rural Employment (CSRE), Pilot Intensive Rural Employment Programme (PIREP) and National Rural Employment Programme. These schemes and programmes specifically aim at generating additional gainful employment opportunities, creation of durable community assets and improvement of overall quality of life in the rural areas. To improve the lot of landless labourers, the Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) was launched in 1984. The programme guarantees employment to at least one member of every landless labour family up to 100 days in a year. The Jawahar Rozgar Yojana is an ambitious programme being implemented through the village panchayats. It seeks to guarantee employment to at least one person in a rural household living below the poverty line. It was launched in 1989. Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana, launched in April 1999, is a new scheme for rural development.

The budget for the year 1995-96 was again a village-oriented one: in which many gifts were given to the rural masses. It envisaged establishment of Rural Infrastructure Development fund, a technological development and modernisation fund for small scale industries, with Rs.200 crores initial capital, a National Social Assistance Scheme to give a minimum old age pension and lumpsum survivor benefits to the poor and maternity benefits to poor women, among many other schemes. It also proposed to set up an exclusive line of credit of Rs. 400 crores to co-operative and regional, rural banks to meet the needs of scheduled castes and tribes in a 100-odd predominantly rural, tribal districts. There is also a proposal to begin a Group Life Insurance Scheme of the LIC to be implemented by the panchayats in rural areas. The liberal package for the rural poor and vulnerable sections of the village society is laudable, but the main problem is that all the benefits do not reach the targeted poor people. Much of the funds are misappropriated by intermediaries responsible for the implementation of these packages.

Essay No. 03

“Even after 56 years of independence, right from the Nehru era to the Vajpayee era, the rural India of today still short of basic amenities, as in drinking water, electricity, roads, housing, food and clothing.”

India is a vast country containing more than five lakh villages. Seventy percent of the population of India lives in villages. Therefore, the welfare of our country lies in the welfare of our villages. Our country cannot develop as long as our villages remain backward. It is a matter of shame that even after more than forty years of independence, our villages continue to be backward and under-developed. Our villages do not have even the basic amenities of life. There are no good schools, no hospitals and no good roads. Even drinking water and electricity are not available there. There is no sanitation. Most of our villages have no drains. People continue to live in the most unhygienic condition. They fall an easy prey to various diseases and die unattended in the absence of sufficient medical facilities. They live in dirt, misery and poverty. They are illiterate and ignorant. They are badly exploited by the money-lenders, the so-called men of religion and unscrupulous politicians. All this must change now.

Our economy is developing fast, industries and big corporate are going globalised, with liberalization, tremendous changes are being felt in Information technology, manufacturing, service\ sector, but nobody thinks of the rural development to make it as fast as in these sectors. Then what all this progress and development means. Benefitting to 30% of the total population, already developed and above poverty does not mean actual development. The National Literacy Mission was launched in 1988 with the intention of bring about total literacy by 2005. Under Total Literacy Campaign 80 million people in 417 districts have been covered and 18.44 million people have been covered in 178 districts under the Post Literacy Campaign. Most of the marginal farmers have taken to dairying and have become a part of the white revolution in India. Dairy Development has helped the country’s programme of rural development. Amul in Gujarat is the success story of co-operative dairying, which has enabled large number of villagers in Gujarat in raising their standards of living through economic growth. The establishment to rural bank has been “to fulfill the aims of institutionalizing the credit structure and enhancing its area and coverage.” They are intended to save the rural population from banking on the money lenders. Funds would be allocated at low rates of interest to rural entrepreneurs to start small scale industries.

The present government realized the gravity of the situation and has taken some important measures to develop infrastructure in the country side. The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) launched on Dec 25, 2000, seeks to provide road connectively through good all weather roads to all unconnected habitations having a population of more than 1000 persons by the year 2003 and those with a population of more than 500 persons by the end of the Tenth plan i.e. 2007. An investment of about Rs. 38000 crore has been made so far in the water supply sector. According to government have been covered by the provision of drinking water facility. The revised rural water supply programme envisaged:

The involvement of the people in the choice of scheme designs, control of finances and management arrangements.
Shifting the role of government from direct service delivery to that of facilitator.
Partial cost sharing either in cash or kind or both.
100% responsibility of operation and maintenance by end users.

Under the Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY), it is proposed to tackle quality related problems like fluorides, arsenic and iron contamination, blackishness and also sustainability of drinking water services. The states are also being encouraged to promote schemes of water conservation, rain water harvesting ground water recharge in respect of regions where programmes such as Desert Development Programmes, Drought Prone Area Development Programme are running.

SGSY (Swaranajayanti Gram Swarojagar Yojana) was also launched on April 1, 1999 to support the family income of rural poor. The scheme aimed at establishing a large number of micro enterprises for individuals or group or self help groups, in order to bring every assisted family above the poverty line. Four or Five activities identifiedin each block based on the resources, occupational skills of the people and .he availability of markets with the start of SGSY, all the old rural development programmes like IRDP, DWCRA, TRYSEM etc. have ceased to operate. In addition to discussed programmes and schemes there are so many other programmes like Employment Assurance Programme, Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana, National Social Assistance Programme, Annapurana Scheme and the like, for the development of the rural area.

Recently several new schemes were introduced to strengthen the rural infrastructure. The Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF), RIDF-V was allocated Rs. 3500 crore. The Annapurna scheme intends to provide 10 kg of food grains free to senior citizens in the rural areas. Under a new Education Guarantee Scheme, new school would be opened with in 1 km radius of habitants, in the coming years. The existing Jawahar Rozgar Yojana was modified and renamed as Gram Samridhi Yojana. All funds under the scheme would be placed at the disposal of Gram Panchayat, to be used with the sanction of the Grams Sabha. All the existing self-employment schemes were merged into a single programme called the Swaran-Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana. Similarly all the existing schemes of housing for the poor were merged to form the Samagra Awas Yojana, under which 140 lakh houses would be constructed for the homeless in the next few years. The Ninth plan accords priority to agriculture and rural development with a view to generating productive employment and eradication of poverty. As India resides in villages sincere effects must be undertaken by our national leaders for the decentralization of powers. Short sigh tedness, lack of understanding and determination have already led to the poor plight of the rural population. The political leaders should realize their responsibilities and apply their foresight to achieve the objectives of rural development.

Though a lot of initiative has been taken by the present government to improve the economic conditions of rural people and providing infrastructure to boost the rural economy, yet much more is required keeping in view the peculiarity of our rural areas in the field of education, electrification, drinking water, health and hygiene sector etc. The implementation is to be properly checked to bring the needed results.

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Essay on Agriculture and Rural Development | Agriculture and Rural Development Essay for Students and Children

February 13, 2024 by Prasanna

Essay on Agriculture and Rural Development: India is not just made up of sky crappers and fancy malls. The real India and the true essence of the country lie in its rural parts. While urban India in the brain of the country, rural India is its heart. And this is true not just for India, but any other country in the world.

And the backbone of rural India is agriculture. Agriculture is not just livelihood for the people, but its the way of life for people in the rural parts.

You can read more Essay Writing about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essay on Agriculture and Rural Development

In this article, we provided students and children with a long and short essay on agriculture and rural development that they can use in submitting there assignments and project works.

Long Essay on Agriculture and Rural Development

We have provided a 600-word essay on agriculture and rural development below.

A country’s true development and economic prowess lie in how well it can take care of its rural areas. While urban areas get the most limelight from international communities and the media alike, it accounts for not more than 5% of total India’s population. Large and tall buildings, resorts, malls, highways, dams, power plants and other such infrastructure development is needed for the country to develop. But these should not be confined to just the urban population. If a country needs real development and become a superpower in the world, then a uniform development across both the urban and rural parts is necessary.

India, to most extent, has neglected its rural sides in terms of development. And this has resulted in the mass exodus of migrant populations from rural to urban areas in search of a better standard of living. This is further increasing the pressure on our cities like Delhi, Bengaluru, Mumbai or Chennai.

The desire to earn money and have a better standard of living is a basic human tendency seen cross all spectrums and rural population is no different,

Hence, in this essay on agriculture and rural development, I will be talking about the challenges in rural areas and how to find lasting solutions for them.

Challenges Faced in Agriculture and Rural Development

Any problem that rural India and agriculture industry faces, it directly results in the food security of the country

Infrastructure: Infrastructure in this context does not mean buildings or malls. The rural infrastructure consists of proper roads, sanitation facilities, irrigation facilities, canals, dams, and much more. All these are required to sustain the growing demand for agriculture in the country as a result of the population boom. Hence, the way we take care of our rural India directly reflects upon the development priorities in urban India. Needless to say, both are intertwined.

Social Awareness: The lack of social awareness is a burning issue in a country like India. Right from female foeticide to communication and gender discrimination, rural India has been facing such social stigmas for a very long time. Concrete actions, awareness campaigns and policies need to be in place to change these dynamics in the future.

Negligence: How many big corporations and multinational companies have you seen in rural areas. Everyone wants to treat rural India as just the market place to sell products but never as a hub for production and manufacturing. There are several reasons for this one. Some of them are lack of skilled laborers, lack of proper connectivity, political and social distress and corruption combined with red-tape bureaucracy

So what are the long term solutions and immediate remedies for these problems?

Give financial support to agricultural activities in rural areas
Provide farmers with technological expertise to have them inculcate efficient farming methods
Impart quality education to rural people so that all the harmful social stigmas are eliminated
Give importance to local governance. This is because centralised governance will lack the picture of ground realities and the actual problems that people face. Local bodies and gram panchayats are better off in understanding and finding a concrete solution to people’s problems
Awareness campaigns need to be conducted to educate people about social issues like female infanticide, gender discrimination, migration, family planning etc

More than 75% of India’s population are from rural areas. Most of the youth from India’s villages migrate to urban cities in search of better-paying jobs to help their families. But not all of them succeed in there endeavors. Urban areas have benefitted from migration as they got cheap labour for factories and construction works. Migration has been a pivotal issue in India since independence and the effects of it are seen during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in not just India, but across the world.

Short Essay on Agriculture and Rural Development in English

Below, we have provided a 150 to 200-word essay on agriculture and rural development for children and school students

Mahatma Gandhi always endorsed small scale cottage industries in rural India. He believed that they are the true heroes of our nation’s economy and that train of thought holds true even in today’s scenarios. The development of rural India is of utmost importance for the development of the country. If India needs to become the next superpower in the world, it needs to tap into the potential of rural India. Given its size and population, no business house can afford to neglect the consumer spending power in rural India.

But all these potential can only be tapped into if there is some development seen. Globalisation has led to a decline in cottage industries and village level businesses. But a pandemic like a coronavirus has made people realise the benefit of self-sufficiency and localised economy. Globalisation has its own perks but to support India and its development, MSMEs and cottage industries need all kinds of support from the government and our financial system.

India has many heroes that rural population should look up like M.S Swaminatha, the father of the green revolution in India, Varghese Kurien, the father of the white revolution in India. Today’s government needs to fulfill the vision of such people as well as freedom fighters like Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Vallebhai Patel who were the gladiators of India’s rural development.

10 Lines on Agriculture and Rural Development Essay

Agriculture is the backbone of our nation’s economy
More than 50% of India’s population resides in its rural parts
India is the second-largest producer of agricultural products in the world and all the credits go to rural India
Rural India needs improvement in education and infrastructure
The density population in rural India is 400 persons per square kilometre
Panchayat system of governance should be given priority and more power for proper governance of rural areas
Health, education and road and rail connectivity should be improved in rural areas so that the overall development of the country can be achieved
The economic and social life in rural India is below par in comparison to that of urban India
Migration from rural to the urban areas, in many parts of the world, is a serious threat to social and geographic stability
Lack of social awareness and proper education is a big problem that rural people face

FAQs on Essay on Agriculture and Rural Development

Question 1. How many people reside in rural India?

Answer: More than 83 crore people are residing in rural India

Question 2. What is the biggest problem that rural India faces?

Answer: Some of the biggest problems are the lack of infrastructure in health and education sector

Question 3. Why do people migrate from rural areas?

Answer: In search of better job opportunities, people migrate to urban areas

Question 4. Who is the greatest leader to emerge from rural India?

Answer: Varghese Kurien, the father of the white revolution is considered as the greatest leader for rural India in recent times

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Brief essay on rural development in india (696 words).

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This essay provides information about rural development in India!

The concept of rural development is quite comprehensive and extensive. G. Shah defines rural development as “the development of rural areas, often rural development has meant the extension of irrigation facilities, expansion of electricity, improvement in the techniques of cultivation, construction of school building and provision of educational facilities, health care etc.”

Image Courtesy : youngsocialworker.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/development1.jpg

This is considered to be a lop-sided view of understanding rural development. Of late, rural development signifies a complex and long term process involving fundamental transformation of rural society both at social and economic levels. It represents planned programmes to improve the quality of the life-style of the ruralites.

Components of Rural Development :

Rural development entails some components. They are as follows:

1. Rural development seeks to transform all the sectors of rural economy – the primary sector, the secondary sector and the tertiary sector.

2. It is concerned with the improvement of the standard of living of the ruralites through the provision of health and medical facilities, employment opportunities including vocational training, educational facilities etc.

3. It brings about significant improvement in the socio-economic conditions of the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, the landless agricultural labourers and the marginal and small fanners.

Essential Aspects of Rural Development :

The essential aspects of rural development are as follows:

1. Agricultural development constitutes the crucial aspect of rural development. Agricultural development is possible through the use of better seeds, adequate fertilisers, manures, and pesticides, adequate supply of water and effective implementation of land reform measures.

2. By effecting changes in the socio-economic institutions, rural development seeks to change the socio-economic structure of the rural community.

3. The effectiveness of the rural development programmes necessitates political non-interference. The persons associated with these programmes should be given adequate freedom to carry out their plans and programmes with undivided attention.

4. The success of the rural development programmes depends on the co-operative orientation and attitude among the ruralites. The functioning of the co-operative societies goes a long way in improving the conditions of the vulnerable sections of the rural set-up.

5. Rural development programmes demand the active participation of the ruralites. While formulating these programmes the opinions, attitudes, drives and interests of the rural people should be taken into account. Further, dedicated and committed village leaders should come forward to guide the masses for bringing about rural development.

Integrated Rural Development:

It is claimed that the concept of Integrated Rural Development was originally propounded by the World Bank. In India the concept was put forward in the year 1976 at the All-India Science Congress by C. Subramanyam, the then Finance Minister of India.

He viewed integrated rural development as “systematic, scientific and integrated use of all our natural resources and as a part of this process enabling every person to engage himself in a productive and socially useful occupation and earn an income that would meet at least the basic needs.”

He holds the view that the use of natural resources is possible only through the application of science and technology. Further, proper application of science and technology results in the fulfilment of basic social needs.

G. Parthasarathy refers to four ‘routes’ in the context of integrated rural development: (i) the institutional route of Gunnar Myrdal, (ii) the ‘New Economics’ route, (iii) the Neo-Marxian route and (iv) the Gandhian route. V.K.R.V. Rao defines integrated rural development as “the optimum utilization of the natural and human resources of a given rural area for the enrichment of the quality of life of the population.”

The concept of integrated rural development addresses itself to various rural problems like widespread poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, exploitation, inequitable distribution of land, poor health conditions etc. It signifies that various facets of rural development are integrally connected.

It is a holistic concept rather than a sequential one. K. Om Prakash and G. Satyanarayan rightly observe that integrated rural development embraces all the activities of enrichment and betterment of the overall quality of rural life through appropriate development of man power, resources, infrastructural facilities and provisions of minimum needs and livelihood. It has far-reaching socioeconomic and political implications for the life of the ruralites.

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Essay on Agriculture and Rural Development in English for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Today, urbanization has made people from rural areas to shift to cities and towns, for better opportunities and facilities. This trend isn’t specific to a particular region of the globe, but is witnessed almost in every country. Despite this huge population shift from rural to urban centers, agriculture has remained a significant source of income and livelihood for one-third of the world population. Agriculture, at the grass root level functions as a family run business, by the farmers. Nearly 70-80% of total world’s poor people rely on agriculture for livelihood, including the farmers. Hence, the role that agriculture plays in Rural Development is significant.

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Long and Short Essay on Agriculture and Rural Development in English

We have given below Short and Long Essay on Agriculture and Rural Development in English under varying word lengths.

After reading these short and long agriculture and rural development essay, you will know what role does agriculture plays in rural development, the world statistics on agriculture; facts and figures around the world; what role does agriculture plays in economy; importance/significance of agriculture; components of rural development; Indian statistics on agriculture and rural development; steps taken by the government of India for rural development etc.

These Agriculture and Rural Development essays are especially beneficial for the students of senior secondary level and help them in essay writing, debate or other competitions.

Agriculture and Rural Development Essay – 1 (200 Words)

Nearly 45% of the total world population resides in villages, that is roughly 339 Crores. By and large, nearly 60% of the global population depends on agriculture and allied businesses. Villages primarily are agriculture based economies, not only in developing but also in developed nations around the world.

Development in rural areas, up to a large extent depends on Agriculture, as it constitutes the prime source of livelihood and food for farmers and other villagers. But, the statement also hold true, the other way round, that is agricultural in a village also depends hugely on the infrastructure developments and scientific advancements in farming.

That is, better roads, 24/7 dedicated electricity supply for farms, irrigation canals, introduction of modern farming technologies are some of the areas of rural development which in turn will mutually benefit the agriculture industry.

Agriculture and Rural Development are directly proportional to each other and a development in any one will consequently lead to the improvement of other. On the other hand a poor state of any one of them will adversely affect the other.

Agricultural economy of a village will suffer in absence of good roads and electricity, hence, stalling the overall economical as well as social development of a village.

Agriculture and Rural Development Essay – 2 (300 Words)

Introduction

Agriculture plays a significant role in rural development by way of employment creation, food production and livelihood. Almost 60% of world’s population i.e. 450 Crores (roughly) depends directly on agriculture and its allied sectors for their living. Agriculture plays a significant role in rural development by making the villages self sustainable. With better agriculture yield and growth prospects in a village, development is evidently the next natural thing to happen.

World Statistics of Agriculture

Agriculture is an industry which has the potential to end poverty and misery around the world. A little more than half of the world’s population i.e. 450 Crores depends on agriculture for livelihood. Studies reveal that agriculture is the prime source of income for 65% of the world’s poor adult population. Also, agriculture contributes to 6.4% of world’s total economic production, which roughly sums up to $5,084,800 million.

On the contrary, despite such huge potential of agriculture in improving economy and eliminating poverty, rural population in most parts of the world faces slow social and economic development. The farmers, who provide food for almost the entire world population has very low or no access to modern amenities as in urban centers. They considerably lag behind in education, health and other sectors.

Nearly 80% of population in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa that also supports the livelihood of 2.5 billion people, face economic and social marginalization.

Agriculture and Rural Development are two different aspects, yet they are also co-related. While agriculture hugely contributes in sustaining rural economy and strengthening its social structure, reducing poverty etc; rural development on the other hand, includes the developments in agriculture sector as well as other sectors like, health, education, roads, industrialization and others. Agriculture sector is obviously benefited by infrastructure development, because of better accessibility to markets and urban trade centers.

Agriculture and Rural Development Essay – 3 (400 Words)

Agriculture sector has a huge potential for transforming rural economy by making it, self sustainable. Growth in agriculture produces consequently leads to economical development and poverty eradication. It makes the village economy self sustainable; however, the overall development of a rural area depends on wide number of factors other than agriculture. The two however are closely co-related in some aspects as we will know in the following essay.

Facts and Figures

Approximately 45% of World’s population lives in rural areas, that is in terms of numbers 3.4 billion people. Also, nearly 2 billion people have agriculture as their primary source of income. Agriculture sector also employs nearly 866 million people across the globe. Out of which, approx 75% (656 million) are in south-East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Around 80% of world food is produced by over 500 million farms run by a family.

Agriculture and Rural Economy

Agriculture is an integral part of many world economies, especially the developing ones, and hence plays a significant role in rural development. It helps the villages to be self reliant by creating new job opportunities, eradicating poverty and improving rural society.

Economic development of a rural area primarily depends on the state of agriculture in that particular area. A decline in agriculture produce will adversely affect the economy. However, over dependency of rural areas on agriculture and allied sectors for employment generation is also a challenge for rural economy.

Though, agriculture is self reliable, it is also vulnerable to natural calamities like drought, flood, storms and pollution. A year of unexpected less rain or drought could put the whole village economy on back foot in terms of economy.

The challenge is therefore to make rural economy more independent of agriculture, by introducing sectors like fish farming, honey bee farming etc.

Agriculture plays a great role in overall development of rural areas; though, it is not the only factor on which rural development depends. Overall rural development includes development in agriculture along with other sectors, like development in education, health facilities, transportation, basic amenities like water and electricity, proper infrastructure etc. There is no doubt that the development in terms of infrastructure, water and electricity will support agriculture sector and hence the village economy.

Agriculture and Rural Development Essay – 4 (500 Words)

Agriculture sector around the world is a major player in sustaining rural economy and development. It is the largest employer in rural areas and hugely contributes in its overall development. Nearly 80% of world population depends on agriculture for its livelihood by supplying food to the rest of the world. Rural development and agriculture are also co-related in more than one way, as we will find out in the following essay.

Significance of Agriculture

The contribution of agriculture in improving rural economy is immense. It sustains village economy by generating food, employment and other related means of livelihood. Agriculture sector is the huge employment provider in rural areas. It provides employment to daily wage labours as well as skilled work force in fields as well as other agriculture related activities.

Agriculture sector is also a mass producer of food, necessary for sustaining human nutritional needs. With low yield or declining agricultural activities, signs of hunger and malnutrition start showing up within no time.

Components of Rural Development

Social, economic and overall development of a rural area depends on a wide number of factors like agriculture, better planning, employment generation etc. We will discuss in brief some of the chief components of rural development below-

1) Employment Generation

Employment Creation is the main component of rural development. Though, in rural areas, agriculture sector is the largest employer. Therefore, to generate employment opportunities in villages, there is a need to strengthen agriculture sector and also setup other industries.

2) Better Planning

Better planning must be done by the government, to boost up local economy of a village by employing development model conducive to its growth. A village economy largely depends on agriculture and hence any positive changes made in the latter will automatically improve the state of former.

3) Better Roads

Better road connectivity is a major sign of rural development which also improves the agriculture sector. Better roads and connectivity to urban trade centers mean that the farm produces reach the market early and fetch good price, hence, aiding in agricultural economy as well.

4) Modern Techniques

Introducing modern techniques in agriculture and allied industries will automatically improve the overall development of villages. Using genetically modified seeds and organic fertilizers for better yield will consequently lead to overall development of rural areas.

5) Basic Amenities

Availability of basic amenities like water and electricity is also a major component of rural development. It also improves crop yield by ensuring that the field never run dry even when the natural rain is scarce. Similarly, continuous electricity supply is also beneficial for agriculture.

Agriculture and Rural Development are the backbones of the economy of a nation. This becomes more befitting in case of developing and underdeveloped economies of the world. In an agrarian economy, the more better the state of agriculture is the better will be the development around rural areas. On the other hand, rural development in terms of infrastructure and other sectors creates an environment conducive to the growth of agriculture sector.

Agriculture and Rural Development Long Essay – 5 (600 Words)

India is primarily an agriculture based economy and a large portion of its population still resides in villages. Therefore, for developing rural India, it is imperative to develop the agriculture sector by introducing new reforms and policies. In the following essay we will go through the state of agriculture and rural development in India, discussing prospects of their improvement.

Agriculture Statistics – India

Nearly 75% of India’s total population (133 Crores) depends primarily on agriculture sector for its livelihood, which roughly sums up to approximately 100.4 Crores people. Agriculture sector in India contributes around 16% of the total GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of India. It is only in third place preceded by service sector and industrial sector at first and third place respectively. Indian economy is the fastest growing economy of the world and is expected to consistently improve.

Role of Agriculture in Economy

Agriculture sector is one of the primary sectors of the Indian economy. Though, the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) contribution of agriculture has consistently declined in past six to seven decades, it still employs nearly 53% of Indian population.

Agriculture also plays a significant role in making the village economy self sustainable and independent. Rural India is still far away from industrialization and the prime source of employment for rural people is the agriculture sector.

Agriculture sector therefore is the main player in Indian economy as it sustains not only farmers but also other small businesses and vendors those rely on it. Agricultural produces are transported to markets, in turn providing employment in transport sector.

While the products breach markets, small vegetable vendors, shop keepers purchase the products for direct selling, thereby generating tremendous employment opportunities. Needless to say that agriculture sector employs skilled and unskilled labours at all levels and in all allied sectors.

Initiatives for Rural Development

1) Five Year Plan

Beginning in 1951, the Government of India has been framing and implementing five year plan, after every five year, to improve the overall development of the country, primarily in the rural areas. Under the five year plan dams had been built, irrigation canals constructed, agricultural reforms introduced etc.

2) Increased Budgetary Allocations for Agriculture

Government has in the subsequent years increased spending on agriculture and related sectors in a bid to make them independent and self reliant. The money is spent on improving agriculture sector right from the production stage to marketing stage.

3) Road Connectivity

Good roads are the most significant symbols of rural development and also the most important one. They not only reduce the distance between villages and cities but also boost up the agricultural industry by providing fast and easy transportation.

4) Giving Agricultural Credit

Giving agricultural loans at reasonable rates to small and poor farmers will also aid in rural development. When a poor farmer is given credit to purchase fertilizers, farm equipments etc, it will consequently improve village economy and development.

5) Rural Job Guarantee Schemes

Rural job guarantee schemes like MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) which guarantees job on daily basis to rural population do a commendable job in improving the village economy. It provides job not only in agriculture sector but also in other fields such as road and building construction etc.

Indian economy is largely dependent on agriculture, while the latter depends on rural development. It is also true that economic and social development of Indian villages is primarily dependent on agriculture sector. Therefore, it wouldn’t be wrong to see agriculture and rural developments as two sides of one coin, where one depends on or is affected by changes in other.

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Essay on Rural Development Programme in India

In this essay we will discuss about Rural Development Programme in India. After reading this essay you will learn about: 1. Introduction to Rural Development Programme in India 2. Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) 3. National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) 4 . Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) 5. Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) and Others.

Essay on the Present Scenario of Rural Development Programme in India.

Essay # 1. Introduction to Rural Development Programme in India:

The majority of population in India (about 73 per cent) is living in rural areas. Living conditions of the rural people are very poor. Under such a situation, development of rural areas must receive adequate attention in various schemes designed for the development of Indian economy.

Accordingly, since the inception of economic planning in India, the First Plan introduced the Community Development Programme and on 2nd October, 1952, first 55 Community Development Projects were inaugurated where each project was covering three Development Blocks.

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With the passage of time, more and more such projects were developed and at the end of the Fifth Plan, about 5,028 Blocks were developed to cover almost all villages of the country, The community development programmes had undertaken ambitious schemes for alround development of rural areas which included improvement of agricultural techniques, exploring supplementary sources of employment, extension of minor irrigation facilities, improvement of transportation facilities, provision for social services and development of co-operatives and panchayats.

Till the end of Fifth Plan, about Rs. 671 crore were spent on these community development projects.

Inspite of these attempts, the Community Development Programme could not make much headway as it failed to enthuse the villages into the spirit of self-help, self-reliance and co-operative effort. Thus, the planners were worried about the failure of this community development programme as it failed to attract more and more rural people within its fold.

In the meantime lot of changes have taken place. At the Centre, the Ministry of Community Development and Co-operation was abolished and was replaced by a New Ministry of Rural Development for accelerating the pace of rural development of the country.

Accordingly, since the Sixth Plan onwards, various self employment programmes and wage employment programmes were introduced. In the former category the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was undertaken in 1980.

Again in the later category, the Food for Work Programme (FWP) was initiated in 1977-78 for generating additional gainful employment and to create durable community assets by utilising surplus food-grains accumulated as buffer stocks in the country.

But this FWP created a little impact on the market wage rate, generation of employment etc. Thus later on, this FWP was restructured into the National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) from October 1980.

Thus, from April 1, 1981, the NREP became a regular programme in the economic planning of the country since the Sixth Plan, Later on various other employment programmes were also introduced which include. Training for Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM), Development of Women and Children in Rural Area (DWCRA), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) etc. Let us analyse some of these programmes in detail.

Essay # 2. Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP):

The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) seeks to promote self-employment by developing productive assets and providing inputs to the rural poor through a mix of subsidy and bank credit.

The Sixth Plan proposed to integrate multiplicity of agencies for providing rural employment such as Employment Guarantee Scheme, Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA), Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labourers (MFAL) Development Agency, Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP), Command Area Development Programme (CADP), Desert Development Programme (DDP) etc.

As all these programmes overlap each other and therefore it became essential to integrate these programmes for effective monitoring and accounting. In this programme there was an “integration of sectoral programmes, spatial integration, integration of social and economic process, and above all the policies with a view to achieving a better fit between growth, removal of poverty and employment generation.”

Accordingly, the Sixth Plan introduced the Integrated Rural Development Programme on 2nd October, 1980. This programme was initiated as a multi-pronged attack on the problem of rural development was designed as an anti-poverty programme.

The Sixth Plan (1980-85) in its drafts mentioned that “such multiplicity of programmes for the rural poor operated through a multiplicity of agencies should be ended and replaced by one single integrated programme operative throughout the country.”

Main Objectives:

The process of economic development carried out in a country like India has benefitted mostly the relatively developed areas and also the relatively better off people. Inspite of various attempts the benefits have not reached up to the backward areas and its backward people.

To rectify this situation, designing of special programme for eradicating poverty became urgent. Thus, for the alleviation of rural poverty, poor people should be endowed with productive assets or skills for their fruitful self-employment by which they can earn greater incomes and thus cross the poverty line.

Basic objective of IRDP as introduced in the Sixth Plan was to promote self-employment of the poor households along-with the transfer of productive assets, so that they can earn income sufficient enough to cross the poverty line. Thus, the Sixth Plan (1980-85) conceived and designed IRDP as an anti-poverty programme.

The plan also emphasised that these people were poor because they did not possess any productive assets of their own except their labour, nor did they possess any special skills. Thus, the plan document mentioned, “Any development strategy which aims at improving the lot of the poor must aim at creating new productive assets for them.”

All these assets would normally include sources of irrigation for those possessing some land, bullocks, other farm implements, seeds and fertilizers, animals for dairy and other animal husbandry activities, tools and training for cottage industries, handicrafts, village industries etc.

Sub-Schemes of IRDP for Rural Development:

In recent years, two special sub-schemes of IRDP are also introduced. These include—Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM), and Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA).

The Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM) is to train rural youth from the target group of families in skills so as to enable them to take up self/wage employment. It has been laid down in this programme that the coverage of youth from SC/ST communities should be at least 50 per cent of total trained rural youth. Out of the total beneficiaries, at least 40 per cent should be women.

The programme of Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) aims to improve the socio-economic status of the poor women in the rural areas through creation of group of women for income generating activities on a self-sustaining basis.

Table 8.1 shows achievements under such schemes in recent years.

Table 8.1 reveals that in 2003-2004, total number of families assisted under IRDP/SGSY was 0.90 million and in 1992-93, total number of families assisted was 2.07 million as against the target of 1.88 million. In respect of TRYSEM, total number of rural youth trained was 0.17 million and 0.28 million in 1998-99 and 1992-93 respectively as against the target of 0.29 million and 0.30 million during the respective period.

In respect of DWCRA, about 50,000 groups in 1998-99 and 9,000 groups in 1992-93 were formed. In respect of JRY/JGSY/SGRY-II, mandays of employment generated in 2003-2004 and 1992 T 93 were 392 million and 782 million respectively. In respect of EAS, SGRY-I mandays of employment generated was 372.8 million in 2003-2004. In respect of PMRY, total employment generated was 1.8 lakh in 2003-04 a5 against the target of 3.0 lakh.

Weaknesses:

(a) Selection of ineligible families.

(b) Difference between cost and value of asset to the extent of Rs 500 was noticed in 18 per cent cases showing leakages and malpractices.

(d) No incremental income was generated in 22 per cent cases.

(e) Adequate infrastructure facilities were not available to beneficiaries of the programme.

Essay # 3. National Rural Employment Programme (NREP):

The National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) replaced and restructured the Food for Work Programme in October 1980. NREP was a centrally sponsored scheme implemented with 50: 50 sharing basis between the Centre and the States. The 50 per cent Central assistance was received in the form of food-grains and cash assistance as well. This programme was conceived as wage-employment programme.

Objectives :

The main objectives of NREP were:

(a) Generating additional gainful employment opportunities to the extent of 300-400 million mandays per year for the unemployed and underemployed persons in the rural areas;

(b) To create durable community assets for strengthening rural economic and social infrastructure which includes drinking water wells, community irrigation wells, minor irrigation works, village tanks, rural roads, schools, panchayat houses etc.; and

(c) Bringing improvement in the overall quality of life in rural areas and to improve nutritional standards of the rural poor through supply of food-grains as part of wage.

Overriding objective was to make provision of wage employment for the rural poor. Under this programme, the shelf of projects was prepared on the basis of felt needs of entire rural community. The Sixth Plan in its report observed,

“A large number of people in the rural areas are without assets and need to be provided wage employment. This segment of the rural poor which largely depends on wage employment virtually has no source of income during the lean agricultural period. The National Rural Employment Programme is conceived in the main to take care of this segment of the rural poor.”

The programme was implemented through District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) at the district level. It was decided that at the district level, 50 per cent of the expenditure would be incurred on wage component, 25 per cent be incurred on social forestry and 10 per cent for the benefit of scheduled caste and scheduled tribes.

Progress and Evaluation of NREP under the Sixth Plan:

During the Sixth Plan period a sum of Rs 1,620 crore was allocated under this programme. But the actual total expenditure both by the Central and State Government was to the extent of Rs 1,834 crore.

During this plan period, there was decline in the utilisation of food-grains mainly due to inadequate arrangements of distribution, lower market price of food-grains at open market and preference for coarse grains instead of rice and wheat supplied under this programme.

Considering this situation the government decided to subsidise food-grains by 37 paisa to 40 paisa per kg for its distribution under this programme from January, 1984. Table 8.2 shows the progress of NREP.

Table 8.2 shows that during the Sixth Plan about 1775 million mandays of gainful employment was generated as against the target of 1,500 to 2,000 million mandays. The utilisation of food grains was to the extent of 20.57 lakh tonnes. But the programme had no clear cut focus about target group of beneficiaries.

Thus “it is not known how much of this has been directed towards those who are landless and the poorest among the poor. To the extent the programme had apparently lacked a direct focus on the target group population for whom it was meant.”

However, the Seventh Plan in its draft observed that the programme had resulted a substantial impact in respect of stabilisation of wages in rural areas, containing prices of food-grains, creating community assets which are expected to raise the level of living of the rural population.

Progress and Evaluation of NREP under the Seventh Plan :

Seventh Plan allocated an outlay of Rs 2,487 crore for NREP and set a target to generate employment to the extent of 1,445 million mandays.

Regarding the progress of work under NREP, Table 8.2 reveals that during the first four years of the Seventh Plan, total actual expenditure incurred was amounted to Rs 2,940 crore as against the target of Rs 2,487 crore for the entire plan period, Again in respect of employment generation about 1,477.53 million mandays of employment was generated during the first four years as against the target of 1,960 million mandays for the entire Seventh Plan period. During first three years, about 30.10 lakh tonnes of food grains were distributed among the rural poor at subsidised rates.

Essay # 4 . Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) :

The Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) was launched on 15th August 1983 with objectives of generating gainful employment opportunities, to create productive assets in rural area and also for the improvement of overall quality of rural life.

In this programme, the guarantee has not been operationalised due to lack of funds. In this programme again, preference in employment was given to landless labourers, women, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.

This programme is totally funded by the Central Government. While allocating resources to State and Union Territories 50 per cent weightage has been given on the number of agricultural labourers, marginal farmers and marginal workers and the remaining 50 per cent weightage to the incidence of poverty.

The programme also envisaged that wage component of a project should not be less than 50 per cent of the total expenditure on the programme. 10 per cent of the allocations should be earmarked exclusively for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.

In this programme various projects like social forestry, Indira Awaas Yojana and Million Wells Scheme were included. In 1989-90, the RLEGP and NREP were merged with Jawahar Rozgar Yojana.

Essay # 5. Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY):

Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) was launched on 28th April, 1989, by the then Prime Minister Late Rajiv Gandhi. In this programme all the existing rural wage employment programmes were merged into JRY. Thus, the NREP and RLEGP were merged within the single programme called JRY. From 1st April 1999, JRY is restructured and renamed as Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY).

Main features of JRY are as given below:

1. JRY has set a target for reaching every single panchayat.

2. The scheme envisaged to benefit 440 lakh of families lying below the poverty line in India through panchayats.

3. In JRY, the Central assistance component would be 80 per cent and the state’s share would be 20 per cent in 1989-90, the centre made a provision of Rs 2100 crore for JRY.

4. In JRY, the allocation of fund among different states has been done in proportion to the size of population below the poverty line only. Further devolution of funds to the districts has been determined by the criteria of its backwardness.

5. JRY made adequate provision of funds for their village panchayats to run its employment scheme for the rural poor. On an average, a village panchayat with its population 3000-4000 people will receive between Rs 80,000 and Rs 1 lakh every year. It was decided to provide employment to at least one member in each poor family for at least 50 to 100 days annually.

6. JRY reserved 30 per cent of the employment generated particularly for women.

Achievements and Evaluation:

In 1989-90 and 1990-91, total employment generated under JRY was 864 and 875 million mandays respectively. In 1991-92, the achievement of JRY in respect of generation of gainful employment was to the tune of 808 million mandays as against the target of 735 million mandays.

In 1992-93, the achievement was 782 million mandays as against the target of 776 million mandays of employment and in 1999-2000, the achievement was 194 million mandays as against of 375.2 million mandays of employment generated during 1998- 99.

The 1999-2000 budgets provide for an allocation of Rs 1,665 crore and the employment generation has been targeted at 396 million mandays. But the total mandays of employment generated under JRY during 1999- 2000 (up to Feb. 2000) was to the extent of 194.5 million mandays.

Again, in respect of JRY, total number of mandays of employment generated during the Eighth Plan was 4,037.4 million as against the target of 4,040.8 million.

Essay # 6. National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) :

On 15th August, 1995, another social welfare scheme, namely, National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) was announced. This multi-dimensional NSAP for the poor encompasses old age pension, family benefit in case of death of the bread winner and maternity benefit.

The NSAP is a centrally sponsored programme with 100 per cent central funding and it is intended to ensure that social protection to the beneficiaries throughout the country is uniformly available without interruption. The NSAP consists of the following three components :

(a) National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS)—providing a pension of Rs.75 per month to destitutes and above 65 years of age.

(b) National Fiamily Benefit Scheme (NFBS)—providing Rs.5,000 in case of death due to natural causes and Rs.10,000 in case of accidental death of the primary bread-winner to the bereaved household.

(c) National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS)—Providing Rs.300 per pregnancy up to the first two live births. This programme involves an expenditure of Rs.867 crore in a full year. In 1999-2000, an outlay of Rs.725 crore has been provided for this scheme.

Regarding the achievements of NSAP, it is observed that the number of beneficiaries under NOAPS were 5.43 million in 2001-2002 as compared to 6.42 million in 1998-99. Number of beneficiaries under NFBS were 0.16 million in 2001-2002 as compared to 0.26 million in 1998-99. Again, number of beneficiaries under NMBS were 1.45 million in 2000-01 as compared to 1.51 million in 1998-99.

Essay # 7. Rural Group Life Insurence Scheme (RGLIS) :

The Government had launched a new scheme, namely, Rural Group life Insurance Scheme (RGLIS) on 15th August, 1995 in order to provide life insurance coverage to the rural people of the country. The objective of the scheme is to promote social insurance in the rural areas with the active involvement of the Panchayats and to partly alleviate the distress caused by the death of the bread-winner among the rural poor.

The scheme is being administered by the Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) of India and implemented by the Panchayats in the rural areas for the age group of 20-60 years. Under this new scheme, a life cover of Rs 5,000 is provided to the rural population for an annual premium of Rs 60 to Rs 70 depending upon the age of entry in the Scheme.

As on December 31, 1995, the Scheme has been implemented in 12 states and Union Territories and 50,312 persons under 897 Panchayats have been covered under the scheme.

Essay # 8. Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY)/National Rural Livelihoods:

Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) and allied programmes such as Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) and Million Wells Scheme (MWS) have been restructured into a single self-employment programme called the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) from April 1999.

The following objectives are:

(i) Introducing focussed approach to poverty alleviation;

(ii) Capitalising advantages of group lending; and

(iii) Overcoming the problems associated with multiplicity of programmes.

The SGSY is conceived as a holistic programme of micro enterprises covering all aspects of self- employment which includes organising rural poor into Self Help Groups (SHGs). It integrates various agencies— District Rural Development Agencies, banks, line departments, Panchayati Raj Institutions, non-government organisations and other semi-government organisations. This programme is basically a self-employment programme.

The objective of SGSY is to bring the existing poor families above the poverty line by providing them income generating assets through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy and to ensure that an assisted family has a monthly net income of at least Rs 2,000. Subsidy under SGSY is uniform at 30 per cent of the project cost subject to a maximum of Rs 7,500.

In respect of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, it is 50 per cent subject to a maximum of Rs 10,000. For groups, the subsidy is 50 per cent subject to a ceiling of Rs 1.25 lakh. There is no monetary limit on subsidy for irrigation projects. SGSY is funded by the Centre and states in the ratio of 75: 25.

Regarding the achievements of SGSY, it is observed that the number of families assisted were 0.90 million in 2003-04 as compared to 1.66 million families assisted under IRDP in 1998-99.

Up to November, 2005, the Centre and Status, sharing the costs on 75: 25 basis, has allocated Rs 8,067 crore, of which Rs 6,980 crore had been utilised to assist 62.75 lakh self-employed.

Since inception in 1999 up to 2012-13 (March 2012) 43.34 lakh SHGs have been formed and 14.46 lakh SHGs have taken up economic activities. Moreover, a total number of 179 lakh Swarojgaries have been assisted with a total investment of Rs 46,273.55 crores. Out of total Swarojgaries, 86.26 lakh SC/STs and 109.02 lakh women Swarojgaries have been assisted which constitutes 47.47 per cent and 60.88 per cent respectively.

The SGSY has been restructured as National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), now renamed as ‘Aajeevika’ in order to implement it in a mission mode in a phased manner for targeted and time bound delivery of results.

The main feature of NRLM is as follows:

“To reduce poverty by enabling the poor households to access gainful self employment and skilled wage employment opportunities resulting in appreciable improvement in their livelihoods on a sustainable basis, through building strong and sustainable grassroots institutions of the poor.”

Every family residing in the rural areas should be out of object poverty and enjoy a decent quality of life.

NRLM Guiding Principles:

The guiding principles include:

a. Social mobilization and building strong institutions of the poor is critical for unleashing the innate capabilities of the poor.

b. An external dedicated and sensitive support structure is required to induce the social mobilization, institution building and empowerment process.

c. Facilitating knowledge dissemination, skill building, access to credit, access to marketing, and access to other livelihoods services enable then to enjoy a portfolio of sustainable livelihoods.

d. Task under NRLM is to reach out to 7 crore rural poor households (35 crore population) and stay engaged with them till they come out of object poverty.

e. Building strong, self managed and self reliant institutions of the poor through dedicated support structures, financial inclusion, sustainable livelihood promotion and partnerships with NGOs, banks, training institutions, private sectors.

Main Components of NRLM:

Main components of NRLM includes universal social mobilisation through formation of SHGs; form strong peoples institutions; universal inclusion furthered through linkage with SHGs, banks for securing credit; capacity building and training; provision of revolving fund; and enuring monitoring, evaluation and transparency.

NRLM would be uniformly extended to all States and Union Territories, except Delhi and Chandigarh. The states have been given the prerogative to decide on the phasing on NRLM in their states.

Essay # 9. Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY) :

Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) has been restructured and streamlined with effect from April 1999, and has been renamed as Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY). This is basically a wage employment programme. The primary objective of JGSY is creation of demand driven village infrastructure including durable assets at the village level to enable the rural poor to increase the opportunities for sustained employment.

The secondary objective is generation of supplementary employment for the unemployed poor in the rural areas. The wage employment under the programme is given to Below Poverty Line (BPL) families.

While there is no sectoral earmarking of resources under JGSY, 22.5 per cent of the annual allocation must be spent on beneficiary schemes for Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribes and 3 per cent of annual allocation is to be utilised for creation of barrier free infrastructure for the disabled. Another objective is to generate supplementary employment for the unemployed rural poor.

Regarding the achievements of JGSY, it is observed that total mandays of employment generated under this programme were 268.32 million in 2000-01 as compared to 375.2 million mandays under JRY in 1998-99.

Essay # 10. Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) :

Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) was launched in September 2001. The scheme aims at providing wage employment in rural areas as also food security, along with the creation of durable community, social and economic assets. The scheme is implemented on a cost sharing ratio of 75: 25 between the Centre and the States.

The ongoing programmes like Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) and Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY) would subsequently be fully integrated within the scheme with effect from April 1, 2002. In 2003-04, total employment generated under SGRY-I and SGRY-II were 372.83 million and 391.65 million respectively.

In 2005-06, 82.18 crore person days were generated with the centre releasing Rs 5,497 crore as cash component and about 37 lakh tones of food-grains to the States/UTs. Besides, in 2007-08, up to December, 2007, the number of person days generated under SGRY was 11.60 crore, while the Centres’ contribution in terms of the cash and food-grains components up to December, 2007 were Rs 1,142 crore and 9.55 lakh tonnes respectively.

Essay # 11. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) :

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched on December 25, 2000, as a 100 per cent centrally sponsored scheme. The primary objective of PMGSY is to provide all-weather connectivity to all eligible unconnected habitations in rural areas of the country having population of 500 persons and above in plain areas and 250 persons and above (as per 2001 census) in special category states, selected tribal and desert areas.

It also permits upgradation of existing rural roads. In 2001-02, an amount of Rs 2,500 crore was allocated for this scheme. Since inception, projects for providing new connectivity to 1, 44,717 habitations with a road length of 5, 44,462 km have been cleared at an estimated cost of Rs 1,82,560 crore including upgradation cost.

A total of 3, 99,979 km. road length has been completed and new connectivity has been provided to over 97,838 habitations upto March 2014. During 2013-14, about 25,316 km of all-weather road including new connectivity to 6,560 habitations has been completed at an expenditure of Rs 13,095 crore. Upgradation selected existing roads has also been taken up.

The programme is funded mainly from the accruals of diesel cess in the Central Road Fund.

In addition, support of the multilateral funding agencies and the domestic financial institutions are being obtained to meet the financial requirements of the programme. National Rural Road Development Agency (NRRDA), an agency of the Ministry of Rural Development registered under the Societies Registration Act, provides operational and technical support for the programme.

Essay # 12. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) :

Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) was introduced in 2000-01 with the objective of focusing on village level development in five critical areas, i.e., health, primary education, drinking water, housing and rural roads, with an overall objective of improving the quality of life of people living in the rural areas.

This scheme constitutes the following programmes within its fold:

(i) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (Gramin Awas):

This scheme is to be implemented on the pattern of Indira Awas Yojana with the objectives of sustainable habitat development at the village level and to meet the growing housing needs of the rural poor,

(ii) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana—Rural Drinking Water Project:

Under this programme, a minimum 25 per cent of the total allocation is to be utilised by the respective States/UTs on projects/schemes for water conservation, water harvesting, water recharge and sustainability of drinking water sources in respect of areas under Desert Development Programme and Drought Prone Areas Programme.

(iii) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY):

PMGY launched in 2000-01 envisages allocation of additional central assistance to the states and UTs for selected basic services such as primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water, nutrition and rural electrification. For 2003-04 as well as 2004-05, the annual allocation of additional central assistance for PMGY was Rs 2,800 crore.

Essay # 13. Food for Work Programme, 2001 :

Food for Work Programme was initially launched with effect from February 2001 for five months and was further extended. The programme aims at augmenting food security through wage employment in the drought affected rural areas in eight states, i.e., Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan and Uttaranchal.

The centre makes available appropriate quantity of food-grains free of cost to each of the drought affected States as additionality under the programme. Wages to be paid by the State Government can be paid partly in kind (up to 5 kgs of food-grains per manday) and partly in cash. The workers are paid the balance wages in cash, such that they are assured of the notified Minimum Wages.

This programme stands extended up to March 31, 2002 in respect of notified “natural calamity affected Districts.” For 2004-05, Rs 2,020 crore have been allocated for the programme in addition to 20 lakh tonnes of food-grains.

Essay # 14. Annapurna :

The Annapurna scheme came into effect from April 1, 2000 as a 100 per cent centrally Sponsored Scheme. It aims at providing food security to meet the requirement of those senior citizens who though eligible for pensions under the National Old Age Pension Scheme, are not getting the same.

Food-grains are provided to the beneficiaries at subsidised rates of Rs.2 per kg of wheat and Rs.3 per kg of rice. The scheme is operational in 25 States and 5 Union Territories. More than 6.08 lakh families have been identified and the benefits of the scheme are passing on to them.

Essay # 15. National Food for Work Programme (NFFWP) :

The National Food for Work Programme was launched as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) in November 2004 in the 150 most backward districts to generate additional supplementary wage employment with food security. States receive food-grains under NFFWP free of cost.

The focus of the programme is mostly related to work relating to water conservation, drought proofing (including afforestation and tree plantation), land development, flood control/protection (including drainage in waterlogged areas) and rural connectivity in terms of all-weather roads.

In 2004-05, allocation of Rs 2,020 crore and 20 lakh tonnes of food-grains generated 7.85 crore person days of employment. In 2005-06, of the allocation of Rs 4,500 crore and 15 lakh tonnes of food-grains (Revised), Rs 219 crore and 11.58 lakh metric tonnes of food-grains had been released up to January 27, 2006. About 17.03 lakh person-days were generated up to December 2005.

Essay # 16. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme Act (MGNREGA):

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGA) was implemented from February 2, 2006 after passing of the NREG Act in the Parliament in September 2005. This scheme is now being launched in 200 identified districts of the country with the objective of providing 100 days of guaranteed unskilled wage employment to each rural household opting for it.

The outgoing programmes of SGRY and National Food for Work Programme (NFFWP) have been subsumed under NREGA in these districts. NREGA will gradually cover all districts of the country within five years. This is for the first time a job guarantee scheme has been introduced in the country.

The NREGA, being a demand driven scheme, has its definite focus on works relating to water conservation, drought proofing, land development, flood control/protection and rural connectivity in terms of all-weather roads.

Of the Rs 11,300 crore allocated for NREGA in 2006-07 (BE), Rs 6,714.98 crore was released up to January 31, 2007. Till January 31, 2007, about 3.47 crore job cards have been issued and of the 1.50 crore households, who have demanded employment, 1.47 crore household have been provided employment under this scheme.

Under this scheme, up to December 2006, of the 53.65 crore person-days of employment generated, 21.13 crore were for women, and of about 5.81 lakh works taken up, 2.34 lakh were completed.

The coverage of scheme was expanded to 330 districts in 2007-08. Again the coverage was extended to all rural districts of the country in 2008-09. At present 619 districts are covered under MGNREGA. During the year 2008-09, more than 4.51 crore households were provided employment under the scheme.

As against the budgeted outlay of Rs 33,000 crore for the year 2013-14, an amount of Rs 5,894.03 crore has been released to the states/UTs.

The number of households covered under the scheme increased considerably from 3.39 crore in 2007-08 to 3.80 crore in 2011-12 and then to 4.78 crore in 2013-14 with an average wage employment of 46 person days.

Out of the 219.72 crore person days of employment created under the scheme during 2013-14, 23 per cent and 17 per cent were created in favour of SC and ST population respectively and 53.0 per cent in favour of women. The average wage rate per day has also been increased from Rs 65 in 2006-07 to Rs 132 in 2013-14.

However, the successful implementation of MGNREGA finally depends on two important factors are:

(i) efficient and regular functioning of Panchayat institutions and

(ii) the proper use of Right to Information Act.

Thus NREGS provides a social safety net for the vulnerable groups of people of our society and thereby made an attempt to attain growth with equity.

Essay # 17. Present Scenario of Rural Development Programmes in India:

Thus, we have seen that under the present Ministry of Rural Development two important schemes, viz., Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) and Jawahar Razgar Yojana (JRY) are being implemented throughout the country through a mix of government allocation or subsidy and bank credit.

In recent years, two more schemes, viz., Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM) and Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) are also included as two special sub-schemes of IRDP.

Targets and achievements of all these programmes in recent years have already been analysed in Table 8.1. During the Eighth Plan, the rural development programmes will be revamped completely. A decision has been taken to prepare a basket of rural development programmes from which the States can choose suitable schemes.

The States will thus have adequate flexibility in providing rural development programmes to the people.

Total budgetary allocation for rural development has been enhanced from Rs 10,956 crore in the Seventh Plan to Rs 30,000 crore in the Eighth Plan showing a three-fold hike in the allocation. Again the total allocation in rural development increased from Rs 6,609 crore in 1995-96 to Rs 11,960 crore in 2002-03 and then to Rs 15,654 crore in 2006-07.

This is no doubt a welcome trend. But through mere increase in budgetary allocation alone the lot of the rural poor cannot be improved. Rather it requires a sincere bureaucratic attempt, timely action, selection of proper schemes and their proper implementation. Moreover, expenditure on rural development as per cent of total government expenditure decreased from 2.69 per cent in 2006-07 to 2.46 per cent in 2007-08.

But the things are not moving so smoothly. On May 4, 1993 a parliamentary committee tabled its report in the parliament where it lambasted the Ministry of Rural Development and expressed deep anguish over the pattern of expenditure incurred by the department on its various development schemes during the past three financial years, i.e., from 1990-91 to 1992-93.

The report revealed that a large chunk of allocation had been shown as spent in the last quarter of each financial year. This amply demonstrated, as the standing committee on urban and rural development commented, that such a pattern of expenditure was a glaring reflection on the “lack of proper planning and implementation leading to wasteful expenditures without any productive results.”

Showing a break-up of the year-wise expenditures, the committee disclosed that 41.8 per cent of the fund was actually utilised in the last three months of 1990-91 followed by 38.85 per cent in 1991-92 and 35 per cent in 1992-93.

What is still more stunning rather than shocking was that not a single rupee was spent till December 1992 out of Rs 10 crore allocated under the rural housing sector and a sum of Rs 5 crore which was sanctioned only in the last quarter.

Considering the above position it can be established that a whopping amount running into crores go down the drain in the fair name of rural development year after year and those responsible for such a lapse go unpunished. Thus, under such a situation, if the department concerned does not shed its inertia no amount of money would help the country to achieve its objective of bringing about a change in the rural scenario.

Thus, the present scenario demands that if the rural development scheme is to be implemented in its right spirit then there should be a sincere and timely attempt on the part of bureaucratic administration, banking administration and political administration.

Moreover, sincere attempt should also be made for proper identification and selection of target group beneficiary, creation of appropriate productive assets, controlling misuse of loan, considering the regional differences for determining the strategy of such programmes, checking leakages and corruption involved in the implementation of programmes and to arrange for growing and spontaneous public participation in every aspect of such programmes.

Moreover, the success of this rural development programme in realising its goal of lifting all the people above the poverty line in truest sense and also in generating the scope of both self-employment and wage employment throughout the country finally rests on arousing the consciousness of the rural people about their rights and benefits involved in all such programmes.

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Essay on Tourism

Essay On Tourism And Rural Development

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Tourism , Development , Europe , Community , Environmental Justice , Sustainability , Solar Energy , Progress

Published: 02/06/2021

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Globally, rural areas encounter unprecedented difficulties and rapid modifications. For example, the movement of dynamic community members to cities and towns causes severe depopulation of the rural areas. Additionally, food production control by various multi-national corporations minimizes the agricultural incomes of farmers in rural areas. Rural economies have become increasingly fragile due to elements that vary among countries. For example, the rural challenges in Western Europe typically result from the reduction in European Union’s agricultural subsidies, whereas diseases and natural disasters are the primary threats to rural societies. Furthermore, there is increasing concern that globalization might adversely affect the rural food producers. Remarkably, opposition to the process of globalization has emerged primarily from rural interest groups, particularly the peasant movements in France. The various rural threats have established significant interest among rural communities and governments in sustainable rural development. Consequently, there is unanimous agreement that rural progress requires a holistic approach aimed at integrating the different components of rural economy towards a particular objective. In particular, tourism is among the different elements of rural economy that are crucial to sustainable development. Regrettably, tourism has been viewed as a remedy for rural problems in many countries. As a result, the perspective has dismissed the reality that tourism is merely one of the multiple aspects of the rural system that should be balanced to ensure sustainable progress. Therefore, other elements such as education, agriculture, housing, and manufacturing industries should also be incorporated in the rural development scheme. In terms of rural progress, tourism is less polluting than other industries and can be developed relatively faster. Typically, tourism’s capital costs are less than the expense of business development in other industries. Properly developed tourism also brings various benefits to the local community and helps to ensure farms’ viability. Additionally, rural tourism can establish jobs for various community groups, particularly the young people that may otherwise struggle in search of gainful employment in rural areas. Nevertheless, tourism often brings problems such as traffic congestion, overcrowding, and rapid social modification to the rustic areas. Such effects are typically difficult to assimilate in the highly conservative cultures of many rural communities. However, multiple entrepreneurs and governmental organizations continue to invest heavily in tourism to promote rural progress. Consequently, rural tourism has been described using numerous terms such as agro-tourism, farm tourism, and green tourism, which hardens the process of establishing a lasting definition of tourism in rustic areas. It is crucial to recognize that although some objectives of rural tourism include the achievement of comprehensive rural development, rustic tourism is often merely a private venture used by particular individuals to increase their earnings. France, Cyprus, and Ireland are examples of countries that have focused on promoting rural tourism as an approach to sustainable rural development. France is a significant pioneer of modern tourism in rustic areas and has the clear objective of employing tourism as a tool for rural development. The French Government has established Gites, which are converted farm buildings used for touristic purposes. The government designed the initiative to offer low-cost dwellings for urban tourists and, hence, provide extra revenue to farmers. The concept eventually led to the development of nearly 45, 000 gites including specialist gites for fishermen, horse riders, skiers, children, and nature walkers. Recently, the term 'agro-tourism' has become increasingly popular in Cyprus, although it is often difficult to describe its meaning. Frequently, however, the term appears to describe small hotels in rural areas, as well as self-catering accommodation in villages. Ireland is another key player in the development of rural tourism and has employed efficient methods of utilizing the European Union funding. In particular, the Irish Government has been keen to employ tourism as a method of promoting the reduction of rural depopulation. Consequently, several local agencies have been established to co-ordinate the development of rural tourism. For example, the EU LEADER program has been used extensively for promoting tourism in rustic areas. In West Cork, numerous projects have also been funded through multiple initiatives to improve the rural tourism infrastructure.

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Essay on Agriculture and Rural Development

Long and Short Essay on Agriculture and Rural Development in English

We have given below Short and Long Essay on Agriculture and Rural Development in English under varying word lengths.

These Agriculture and Rural Development essays are especially beneficial for the students of senior secondary level and help them in essay writing, debate or other competitions.

Agriculture and Rural Development Essay – 1 (200 Words)

Agricultural economy of a village will suffer in absence of good roads and electricity, hence, stalling the overall economical as well as social development of a village.

Agriculture and Rural Development Essay – 2 (300 Words)

Introduction

World Statistics of Agriculture

Nearly 80% of population in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa that also supports the livelihood of 2.5 billion people, face economic and social marginalization.

Agriculture and Rural Development Essay – 3 (400 Words)

Facts and Figures

Agriculture and Rural Economy

The challenge is therefore to make rural economy more independent of agriculture, by introducing sectors like fish farming, honey bee farming etc.

Agriculture and Rural Development Essay – 4 (500 Words)

Significance of Agriculture

Components of Rural Development

1) Employment Generation

2) Better Planning

3) Better Roads

4) Modern Techniques

5) Basic Amenities

Agriculture and Rural Development Long Essay – 5 (600 Words)

Agriculture Statistics – India

Role of Agriculture in Economy

Initiatives for Rural Development

1) Five Year Plan

2) Increased Budgetary Allocations for Agriculture

3) Road Connectivity

4) Giving Agricultural Credit

5) Rural Job Guarantee Schemes

Related Information:

Essay on Agriculture

Essay on City Life Vs Village Life

Speech on Agriculture

Essay on Organic Farming

Money essay, music essay, importance of education essay, education essay, newspaper essay, my hobby essay.

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Essay on Sustainable Development: Samples in 250, 300 and 500 Words

Updated on
Nov 18, 2023

On 3rd August 2023, the Indian Government released its Net zero emissions target policy to reduce its carbon footprints. To achieve the sustainable development goals (SDG) , as specified by the UN, India is determined for its long-term low-carbon development strategy. Selfishly pursuing modernization, humans have frequently compromised with the requirements of a more sustainable environment.

As a result, the increased environmental depletion is evident with the prevalence of deforestation, pollution, greenhouse gases, climate change etc. To combat these challenges, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change launched the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in 2019. The objective was to improve air quality in 131 cities in 24 States/UTs by engaging multiple stakeholders.

‘Development is not real until and unless it is sustainable development.’ – Ban Ki-Moon

Sustainable Development Goals, also known as SGDs, are a list of 17 goals to build a sustained and better tomorrow. These 17 SDGs are known as the ‘World’s Best Plan’ to eradicate property, tackle climate change, and empower people for global welfare.

This Blog Includes:

What is sustainable development, essay on sustainable development in 250 words, 300 words essay on sustainable development, 500 words essay on sustainable development, what are sdgs, introduction, conclusion of sustainable development essay, importance of sustainable development, examples of sustainable development.

As the term simply explains, Sustainable Development aims to bring a balance between meeting the requirements of what the present demands while not overlooking the needs of future generations. It acknowledges nature’s requirements along with the human’s aim to work towards the development of different aspects of the world. It aims to efficiently utilise resources while also meticulously planning the accomplishment of immediate as well as long-term goals for human beings, the planet as well and future generations. In the present time, the need for Sustainable Development is not only for the survival of mankind but also for its future protection.

To give you an idea of the way to deliver a well-written essay, we have curated a sample on sustainable development below, with 250 words:

To give you an idea of the way to deliver a well-written essay, we have curated a sample on sustainable development below, with 300+ words:

We all remember the historical @BTS_twt speech supporting #Youth2030 initiative to empower young people to use their voices for change. Tomorrow, #BTSARMY 💜 will be in NYC🗽again for the #SDGmoment at #UNGA76 Live 8AM EST welcome back #BTSARMY 👏🏾 pic.twitter.com/pUnBni48bq — The Sustainable Development Goals #SDG🫶 (@ConnectSDGs) September 19, 2021

To give you an idea of the way to deliver a well-written essay, we have curated a sample on sustainable development below, with 500 + words:

Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs are a list of 17 goals to build a better world for everyone. These goals are developed by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. Let’s have a look at these sustainable development goals.

Eradicate Poverty
Zero Hunger
Good Health and Well-being
Quality Education
Gender Equality
Clean Water and Sanitation
Affordable and Clean Energy
Decent Work and Economic Growth
Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
Reduced Inequalities
Sustainable Cities and Communities
Responsible Consumption and Production
Climate Action
Life Below Water
Life on Land
Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
Partnership for the Goals

Essay Format

Before drafting an essay on Sustainable Development, students need to get familiarised with the format of essay writing, to know how to structure the essay on a given topic. Take a look at the following pointers which elaborate upon the format of a 300-350 word essay.

Introduction (50-60 words) In the introduction, students must introduce or provide an overview of the given topic, i.e. highlighting and adding recent instances and questions related to sustainable development. Body of Content (100-150 words) The area of the content after the introduction can be explained in detail about why sustainable development is important, its objectives and highlighting the efforts made by the government and various institutions towards it. Conclusion (30-40 words) In the essay on Sustainable Development, you must add a conclusion wrapping up the content in about 2-3 lines, either with an optimistic touch to it or just summarizing what has been talked about above.

How to write the introduction of a sustainable development essay? To begin with your essay on sustainable development, you must mention the following points:

What is sustainable development?
What does sustainable development focus on?
Why is it useful for the environment?

How to write the conclusion of a sustainable development essay? To conclude your essay on sustainable development, mention why it has become the need of the hour. Wrap up all the key points you have mentioned in your essay and provide some important suggestions to implement sustainable development.

The importance of sustainable development is that it meets the needs of the present generations without compromising on the needs of the coming future generations. Sustainable development teaches us to use our resources correctly. Listed below are some points which tell us the importance of sustainable development.

Focuses on Sustainable Agricultural Methods – Sustainable development is important because it takes care of the needs of future generations and makes sure that the increasing population does not put a burden on Mother Earth. It promotes agricultural techniques such as crop rotation and effective seeding techniques.
Manages Stabilizing the Climate – We are facing the problem of climate change due to the excessive use of fossil fuels and the killing of the natural habitat of animals. Sustainable development plays a major role in preventing climate change by developing practices that are sustainable. It promotes reducing the use of fossil fuels which release greenhouse gases that destroy the atmosphere.
Provides Important Human Needs – Sustainable development promotes the idea of saving for future generations and making sure that resources are allocated to everybody. It is based on the principle of developing an infrastructure that is can be sustained for a long period of time.
Sustain Biodiversity – If the process of sustainable development is followed, the home and habitat of all other living animals will not be depleted. As sustainable development focuses on preserving the ecosystem it automatically helps in sustaining and preserving biodiversity.
Financial Stability – As sustainable development promises steady development the economies of countries can become stronger by using renewable sources of energy as compared to using fossil fuels, of which there is only a particular amount on our planet.

Mentioned below are some important examples of sustainable development. Have a look:

Wind Energy – Wind energy is an easily available resource. It is also a free resource. It is a renewable source of energy and the energy which can be produced by harnessing the power of wind will be beneficial for everyone. Windmills can produce energy which can be used to our benefit. It can be a helpful source of reducing the cost of grid power and is a fine example of sustainable development.
Solar Energy – Solar energy is also a source of energy which is readily available and there is no limit to it. Solar energy is being used to replace and do many things which were first being done by using non-renewable sources of energy. Solar water heaters are a good example. It is cost-effective and sustainable at the same time.
Crop Rotation – To increase the potential of growth of gardening land, crop rotation is an ideal and sustainable way. It is rid of any chemicals and reduces the chances of disease in the soil. This form of sustainable development is beneficial to both commercial farmers and home gardeners.
Efficient Water Fixtures – The installation of hand and head showers in our toilets which are efficient and do not waste or leak water is a method of conserving water. Water is essential for us and conserving every drop is important. Spending less time under the shower is also a way of sustainable development and conserving water.
Sustainable Forestry – This is an amazing way of sustainable development where the timber trees that are cut by factories are replaced by another tree. A new tree is planted in place of the one which was cut down. This way, soil erosion is prevented and we have hope of having a better, greener future.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals established by the United Nations in 2015. These include: No Poverty Zero Hunger Good Health and Well-being Quality Education Gender Equality Clean Water and Sanitation Affordable and Clean Energy Decent Work and Economic Growth Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure Reduced Inequality Sustainable Cities and Communities Responsible Consumption and Production Climate Action Life Below Water Life on Land Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions Partnerships for the Goals

The SDGs are designed to address a wide range of global challenges, such as eradicating extreme poverty globally, achieving food security, focusing on promoting good health and well-being, inclusive and equitable quality education, etc.

India is ranked #111 in the Sustainable Development Goal Index 2023 with a score of 63.45.

Hence, we hope that this blog helped you understand the key features of an essay on sustainable development. If you are interested in Environmental studies and planning to pursue sustainable tourism courses , take the assistance of Leverage Edu ’s AI-based tool to browse through a plethora of programs available in this specialised field across the globe and find the best course and university combination that fits your interests, preferences and aspirations. Call us immediately at 1800 57 2000 for a free 30-minute counselling session

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Band 6+: Development in technology has brought various enviornmental problems. Some believe that people need to live simpler lives to solve environmental problems. Others, however, believe technology is the way to solve these problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Many people feel that advanced technologies have had some negative impact on the environment, whereas others believe that people should adopt simple lifestyles to tackle environmental problems. This essay discusses both sides of this argument and then I will give my own perspective.

On the one hand, a school of thought holds that people enjoy life without sophisticated technologies that could alleviate environmental problems. The main reason for believing this is that individuals consume energy through overuse devices such as private cars, air conditions and water heat which can lead to air pollution and global warming. To be more specific, the invention of cars that use fossil fuel has caused some catastrophic effects on the world. The cars produce carbon dioxide which is not only dangerous for living creatures, but it also becomes a main threat of ozone layer depletion. Therefore, the government encourages residents to use friendly environmental transportation such as bicycles to commute, but this will certainly involve leading simpler lives. In addition to this, habitat destruction has become a controversial issue over the past few years. Specifically, millions of species are on the brink of extinction due to the fact that humans discharge a numerous amount of chemical waste. Thus, farmers started using organic products instead of chemical fertilizer and weed to ensure a diversity of plants and wildlife on their farm.

On the other hand, some people are adamant that technological innovations have some positive impacts on the environment to achieve sustainable development. People often have this opinion because renewable energy is starting to grow. In other words, this raises the prospect of reducing the dependence on fossil fuels by using solar energy and wind energy instead to achieve cleaner air and save mother earth from harmful toxic waste. A good illustration of this is that Japan is leading the way of developing more eco-friendly cars, buses and lorries to cut down on emission. As well as this, a technological breakthrough, such as waste treatment plays a crucial role in environment conservation. For example, plastic has been a concern as it can not break down naturally and persist for hundreds of years. And with the invention of waste treatment, people can straightforwardly recycle plastics and glasses.

In conclusion, I believe both arguments have their own merits. However, it seems to me that advances in technology provide many solutions which can prevent environmental issues.

Check Your Own Essay On This Topic?

Generate a band-9 sample with your idea, overall band score, task response, coherence & cohesion, lexical resource, grammatical range & accuracy, essays on the same topic:, development in technology has brought various enviornmental problems. some believe that people need to live simpler lives to solve environmental problems. others, however, believe technology is the way to solve these problems. discuss both views and give your own opinion..

It is suggested that individuals should have a tendency to live simpler lives in order to handle many environmental issues. Nevertheless, some argue that utilizing technology is the best way to resolve these challenges. This essay will discuss this matter from both points of view and then explain why the latter idea is more convincing. […]

The environment is currently being negatively impacted by technological advancements. While some think that living simpler lives is the only way to solve these environmental issues, I believe that technological advancements may help in their solution. On the one hand, people think that individuals should lead simpler lives and use less technology. The first recommendation […]

The advancement in technology leads to a variety of surroundings issues. Some people argue that people should live a simple life-style to tackle environmental concerns. Others, however, believe that these problems could be resolved by technology. This essay will examine both views and explain why i learn towards the latter. On the one hand, there […]

The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they shouldn’t waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Libraries are meant to play a remarkably crucial role in catering extensive knowledge to people. I would reckon that even though modernizing libraries with cutting-edge media, including computer software, videos, and DVDs, could impose several detrimental impacts on human wellbeing, the positive influences of it have outweighed the negative ones. On the one hand, with […]

In some places, teenagers are encouraged to get part-time jobs while they are still in school. Do the advantages of teenagers working outweigh the disadvantages? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.

It is common belief that taking a part-time job while are in school can reaps many benefits such as comprehension of virtues required to succeed. However, there is a more persuasive argument that committing time for a part-time job besides studying causes adverse or risks to health. Students can get distracted and feel weary as […]

Many people like to eat unhealthy food even though they know it's bad for them. Why and What are the most effective ways to improve people's eating habits?

In the present era,eat unhealthy food has become a very common issue among people all over the world. Many people believe that, unhealthy food has numerous merits, while others think it has a few drawbacks as well. In the easy, I will discuss both sides of the issue and present my opinion. To begin with, […]

Many parents think that it is good to teach children about the value of money. Why do you think it is important to teach them the value of money? In what ways can you help children learn the value of money?

Teaching children about the significance of money holds increasing favor among parents in contemporary society and is widely acknowledged as beneficial. Personally, I assert that instilling in children an understanding of financial matters will enable them to develop prudent saving and spending habits. I will propose two feasible approaches that parents can employ to impart […]

The crime rate nowadays is decreasing compared to the past due to advanced technology which can prevent and solve the crime. Do you agree or disagree?

By applying technological devices in daily life, the criminal percentage has been reduced. I firmly agree with this statement. Initially, installing more surveillance cameras leads to enhanced monitoring, which significantly contributes to reducing crime. In public spaces, the widespread use of CCTV and inspection cameras has made it more difficult for criminals to act without […]

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Rural Development. Credit counseling initiatives: ) UNDO Role: Partnered with Government machinery and civil society in India, and focus on Improvement in the quality of lives of the poorest of poor among the seven least developed states. 2) ONBOARD: set up with a mandate of facilitating credit flow for promotion and development of agriculture ...
Band 6: Development in technology has brought various enviornmental
The essay contains a number of grammatical errors that affect the clarity and fluency of the writing. The use of punctuation and sentence structure could be improved. Essays On The Same Topic: