the purpose of creative writing is to arouse their imagination and emotion

What Is Creative Writing? (Ultimate Guide + 20 Examples)

Creative writing begins with a blank page and the courage to fill it with the stories only you can tell.

I face this intimidating blank page daily–and I have for the better part of 20+ years.

In this guide, you’ll learn all the ins and outs of creative writing with tons of examples.

What Is Creative Writing (Long Description)?

Creative Writing is the art of using words to express ideas and emotions in imaginative ways. It encompasses various forms including novels, poetry, and plays, focusing on narrative craft, character development, and the use of literary tropes.

Table of Contents

Let’s expand on that definition a bit.

Creative writing is an art form that transcends traditional literature boundaries.

It includes professional, journalistic, academic, and technical writing. This type of writing emphasizes narrative craft, character development, and literary tropes. It also explores poetry and poetics traditions.

In essence, creative writing lets you express ideas and emotions uniquely and imaginatively.

It’s about the freedom to invent worlds, characters, and stories. These creations evoke a spectrum of emotions in readers.

Creative writing covers fiction, poetry, and everything in between.

It allows writers to express inner thoughts and feelings. Often, it reflects human experiences through a fabricated lens.

Types of Creative Writing

There are many types of creative writing that we need to explain.

Some of the most common types:

• Short stories
• Screenplays
• Flash fiction
• Creative Nonfiction

Short Stories (The Brief Escape)

Short stories are like narrative treasures.

They are compact but impactful, telling a full story within a limited word count. These tales often focus on a single character or a crucial moment.

Short stories are known for their brevity.

They deliver emotion and insight in a concise yet powerful package. This format is ideal for exploring diverse genres, themes, and characters. It leaves a lasting impression on readers.

Example: Emma discovers an old photo of her smiling grandmother. It’s a rarity. Through flashbacks, Emma learns about her grandmother’s wartime love story. She comes to understand her grandmother’s resilience and the value of joy.

Novels (The Long Journey)

Novels are extensive explorations of character, plot, and setting.

They span thousands of words, giving writers the space to create entire worlds. Novels can weave complex stories across various themes and timelines.

The length of a novel allows for deep narrative and character development.

Readers get an immersive experience.

Example: Across the Divide tells of two siblings separated in childhood. They grow up in different cultures. Their reunion highlights the strength of family bonds, despite distance and differences.

Poetry (The Soul’s Language)

Poetry expresses ideas and emotions through rhythm, sound, and word beauty.

It distills emotions and thoughts into verses. Poetry often uses metaphors, similes, and figurative language to reach the reader’s heart and mind.

Poetry ranges from structured forms, like sonnets, to free verse.

The latter breaks away from traditional formats for more expressive thought.

Example: Whispers of Dawn is a poem collection capturing morning’s quiet moments. “First Light” personifies dawn as a painter. It brings colors of hope and renewal to the world.

Plays (The Dramatic Dialogue)

Plays are meant for performance. They bring characters and conflicts to life through dialogue and action.

This format uniquely explores human relationships and societal issues.

Playwrights face the challenge of conveying setting, emotion, and plot through dialogue and directions.

Example: Echoes of Tomorrow is set in a dystopian future. Memories can be bought and sold. It follows siblings on a quest to retrieve their stolen memories. They learn the cost of living in a world where the past has a price.

Screenplays (Cinema’s Blueprint)

Screenplays outline narratives for films and TV shows.

They require an understanding of visual storytelling, pacing, and dialogue. Screenplays must fit film production constraints.

Example: The Last Light is a screenplay for a sci-fi film. Humanity’s survivors on a dying Earth seek a new planet. The story focuses on spacecraft Argo’s crew as they face mission challenges and internal dynamics.

Memoirs (The Personal Journey)

Memoirs provide insight into an author’s life, focusing on personal experiences and emotional journeys.

They differ from autobiographies by concentrating on specific themes or events.

Memoirs invite readers into the author’s world.

They share lessons learned and hardships overcome.

Example: Under the Mango Tree is a memoir by Maria Gomez. It shares her childhood memories in rural Colombia. The mango tree in their yard symbolizes home, growth, and nostalgia. Maria reflects on her journey to a new life in America.

Flash Fiction (The Quick Twist)

Flash fiction tells stories in under 1,000 words.

It’s about crafting compelling narratives concisely. Each word in flash fiction must count, often leading to a twist.

This format captures life’s vivid moments, delivering quick, impactful insights.

Example: The Last Message features an astronaut’s final Earth message as her spacecraft drifts away. In 500 words, it explores isolation, hope, and the desire to connect against all odds.

Creative Nonfiction (The Factual Tale)

Creative nonfiction combines factual accuracy with creative storytelling.

This genre covers real events, people, and places with a twist. It uses descriptive language and narrative arcs to make true stories engaging.

Creative nonfiction includes biographies, essays, and travelogues.

Example: Echoes of Everest follows the author’s Mount Everest climb. It mixes factual details with personal reflections and the history of past climbers. The narrative captures the climb’s beauty and challenges, offering an immersive experience.

Fantasy (The World Beyond)

Fantasy transports readers to magical and mythical worlds.

It explores themes like good vs. evil and heroism in unreal settings. Fantasy requires careful world-building to create believable yet fantastic realms.

Example: The Crystal of Azmar tells of a young girl destined to save her world from darkness. She learns she’s the last sorceress in a forgotten lineage. Her journey involves mastering powers, forming alliances, and uncovering ancient kingdom myths.

Science Fiction (The Future Imagined)

Science fiction delves into futuristic and scientific themes.

It questions the impact of advancements on society and individuals.

Science fiction ranges from speculative to hard sci-fi, focusing on plausible futures.

Example: When the Stars Whisper is set in a future where humanity communicates with distant galaxies. It centers on a scientist who finds an alien message. This discovery prompts a deep look at humanity’s universe role and interstellar communication.

Watch this great video that explores the question, “What is creative writing?” and “How to get started?”:

What Are the 5 Cs of Creative Writing?

The 5 Cs of creative writing are fundamental pillars.

They guide writers to produce compelling and impactful work. These principles—Clarity, Coherence, Conciseness, Creativity, and Consistency—help craft stories that engage and entertain.

They also resonate deeply with readers. Let’s explore each of these critical components.

Clarity makes your writing understandable and accessible.

It involves choosing the right words and constructing clear sentences. Your narrative should be easy to follow.

In creative writing, clarity means conveying complex ideas in a digestible and enjoyable way.

Coherence ensures your writing flows logically.

It’s crucial for maintaining the reader’s interest. Characters should develop believably, and plots should progress logically. This makes the narrative feel cohesive.

Conciseness

Conciseness is about expressing ideas succinctly.

It’s being economical with words and avoiding redundancy. This principle helps maintain pace and tension, engaging readers throughout the story.

Creativity is the heart of creative writing.

It allows writers to invent new worlds and create memorable characters. Creativity involves originality and imagination. It’s seeing the world in unique ways and sharing that vision.

Consistency

Consistency maintains a uniform tone, style, and voice.

It means being faithful to the world you’ve created. Characters should act true to their development. This builds trust with readers, making your story immersive and believable.

Is Creative Writing Easy?

Creative writing is both rewarding and challenging.

Crafting stories from your imagination involves more than just words on a page. It requires discipline and a deep understanding of language and narrative structure.

Exploring complex characters and themes is also key.

Refining and revising your work is crucial for developing your voice.

The ease of creative writing varies. Some find the freedom of expression liberating.

Others struggle with writer’s block or plot development challenges. However, practice and feedback make creative writing more fulfilling.

What Does a Creative Writer Do?

A creative writer weaves narratives that entertain, enlighten, and inspire.

Writers explore both the world they create and the emotions they wish to evoke. Their tasks are diverse, involving more than just writing.

Creative writers develop ideas, research, and plan their stories.

They create characters and outline plots with attention to detail. Drafting and revising their work is a significant part of their process. They strive for the 5 Cs of compelling writing.

Writers engage with the literary community, seeking feedback and participating in workshops.

They may navigate the publishing world with agents and editors.

Creative writers are storytellers, craftsmen, and artists. They bring narratives to life, enriching our lives and expanding our imaginations.

How to Get Started With Creative Writing?

Embarking on a creative writing journey can feel like standing at the edge of a vast and mysterious forest.

The path is not always clear, but the adventure is calling.

Here’s how to take your first steps into the world of creative writing:

• Find a time of day when your mind is most alert and creative.
• Create a comfortable writing space free from distractions.
• Use prompts to spark your imagination. They can be as simple as a word, a phrase, or an image.
• Try writing for 15-20 minutes on a prompt without editing yourself. Let the ideas flow freely.
• Reading is fuel for your writing. Explore various genres and styles.
• Pay attention to how your favorite authors construct their sentences, develop characters, and build their worlds.
• Don’t pressure yourself to write a novel right away. Begin with short stories or poems.
• Small projects can help you hone your skills and boost your confidence.
• Look for writing groups in your area or online. These communities offer support, feedback, and motivation.
• Participating in workshops or classes can also provide valuable insights into your writing.
• Understand that your first draft is just the beginning. Revising your work is where the real magic happens.
• Be open to feedback and willing to rework your pieces.
• Carry a notebook or digital recorder to jot down ideas, observations, and snippets of conversations.
• These notes can be gold mines for future writing projects.

Final Thoughts: What Is Creative Writing?

Creative writing is an invitation to explore the unknown, to give voice to the silenced, and to celebrate the human spirit in all its forms.

Check out these creative writing tools (that I highly recommend):

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• How To Write A Fantasy Short Story (Ultimate Guide + Examples)
• How To Write A Fantasy Romance Novel [21 Tips + Examples)

What is Creative Writing? A Key Piece of the Writer’s Toolbox

Not all writing is the same and there’s a type of writing that has the ability to transport, teach, and inspire others like no other.

Creative writing stands out due to its unique approach and focus on imagination. Here’s how to get started and grow as you explore the broad and beautiful world of creative writing!

What is Creative Writing?

Creative writing is a form of writing that extends beyond the bounds of regular professional, journalistic, academic, or technical forms of literature. It is characterized by its emphasis on narrative craft, character development, and the use of literary tropes or poetic techniques to express ideas in an original and imaginative way.

Creative writing can take on various forms such as:

• short stories
• screenplays

It’s a way for writers to express their thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a creative, often symbolic, way . It’s about using the power of words to transport readers into a world created by the writer.

5 Key Characteristics of Creative Writing

Creative writing is marked by several defining characteristics, each working to create a distinct form of expression:

1. Imagination and Creativity: Creative writing is all about harnessing your creativity and imagination to create an engaging and compelling piece of work. It allows writers to explore different scenarios, characters, and worlds that may not exist in reality.

2. Emotional Engagement: Creative writing often evokes strong emotions in the reader. It aims to make the reader feel something — whether it’s happiness, sorrow, excitement, or fear.

3. Originality: Creative writing values originality. It’s about presenting familiar things in new ways or exploring ideas that are less conventional.

4. Use of Literary Devices: Creative writing frequently employs literary devices such as metaphors, similes, personification, and others to enrich the text and convey meanings in a more subtle, layered manner.

5. Focus on Aesthetics: The beauty of language and the way words flow together is important in creative writing. The aim is to create a piece that’s not just interesting to read, but also beautiful to hear when read aloud.

Remember, creative writing is not just about producing a work of art. It’s also a means of self-expression and a way to share your perspective with the world. Whether you’re considering it as a hobby or contemplating a career in it, understanding the nature and characteristics of creative writing can help you hone your skills and create more engaging pieces .

For more insights into creative writing, check out our articles on creative writing jobs and what you can do with a creative writing degree and is a degree in creative writing worth it .

Styles of Creative Writing

To fully understand creative writing , you must be aware of the various styles involved. Creative writing explores a multitude of genres, each with its own unique characteristics and techniques.

Poetry is a form of creative writing that uses expressive language to evoke emotions and ideas. Poets often employ rhythm, rhyme, and other poetic devices to create pieces that are deeply personal and impactful. Poems can vary greatly in length, style, and subject matter, making this a versatile and dynamic form of creative writing.

Short Stories

Short stories are another common style of creative writing. These are brief narratives that typically revolve around a single event or idea. Despite their length, short stories can provide a powerful punch, using precise language and tight narrative structures to convey a complete story in a limited space.

Novels represent a longer form of narrative creative writing. They usually involve complex plots, multiple characters, and various themes. Writing a novel requires a significant investment of time and effort; however, the result can be a rich and immersive reading experience.

Screenplays

Screenplays are written works intended for the screen, be it television, film, or online platforms. They require a specific format, incorporating dialogue and visual descriptions to guide the production process. Screenwriters must also consider the practical aspects of filmmaking, making this an intricate and specialized form of creative writing.

If you’re interested in this style, understanding creative writing jobs and what you can do with a creative writing degree can provide useful insights.

Writing for the theater is another specialized form of creative writing. Plays, like screenplays, combine dialogue and action, but they also require an understanding of the unique dynamics of the theatrical stage. Playwrights must think about the live audience and the physical space of the theater when crafting their works.

Each of these styles offers unique opportunities for creativity and expression. Whether you’re drawn to the concise power of poetry, the detailed storytelling of novels, or the visual language of screenplays and plays, there’s a form of creative writing that will suit your artistic voice. The key is to explore, experiment, and find the style that resonates with you.

For those looking to spark their creativity, our article on creative writing prompts offers a wealth of ideas to get you started.

Importance of Creative Writing

Understanding what is creative writing involves recognizing its value and significance. Engaging in creative writing can provide numerous benefits – let’s take a closer look.

Developing Creativity and Imagination

Creative writing serves as a fertile ground for nurturing creativity and imagination. It encourages you to think outside the box, explore different perspectives, and create unique and original content. This leads to improved problem-solving skills and a broader worldview , both of which can be beneficial in various aspects of life.

Through creative writing, one can build entire worlds, create characters, and weave complex narratives, all of which are products of a creative mind and vivid imagination. This can be especially beneficial for those seeking creative writing jobs and what you can do with a creative writing degree .

Enhancing Communication Skills

Creative writing can also play a crucial role in honing communication skills. It demands clarity, precision, and a strong command of language. This helps to improve your vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, making it easier to express thoughts and ideas effectively .

Moreover, creative writing encourages empathy as you often need to portray a variety of characters from different backgrounds and perspectives. This leads to a better understanding of people and improved interpersonal communication skills.

Exploring Emotions and Ideas

One of the most profound aspects of creative writing is its ability to provide a safe space for exploring emotions and ideas. It serves as an outlet for thoughts and feelings , allowing you to express yourself in ways that might not be possible in everyday conversation.

Writing can be therapeutic, helping you process complex emotions, navigate difficult life events, and gain insight into your own experiences and perceptions. It can also be a means of self-discovery , helping you to understand yourself and the world around you better.

So, whether you’re a seasoned writer or just starting out, the benefits of creative writing are vast and varied. For those interested in developing their creative writing skills, check out our articles on creative writing prompts and how to teach creative writing . If you’re considering a career in this field, you might find our article on is a degree in creative writing worth it helpful.

4 Steps to Start Creative Writing

Creative writing can seem daunting to beginners, but with the right approach, anyone can start their journey into this creative field. Here are some steps to help you start creative writing .

1. Finding Inspiration

The first step in creative writing is finding inspiration . Inspiration can come from anywhere and anything. Observe the world around you, listen to conversations, explore different cultures, and delve into various topics of interest.

Reading widely can also be a significant source of inspiration. Read different types of books, articles, and blogs. Discover what resonates with you and sparks your imagination.

For structured creative prompts, visit our list of creative writing prompts to get your creative juices flowing.

Editor’s Note : When something excites or interests you, stop and take note – it could be the inspiration for your next creative writing piece.

2. Planning Your Piece

Once you have an idea, the next step is to plan your piece . Start by outlining:

• the main points

Remember, this can serve as a roadmap to guide your writing process. A plan doesn’t have to be rigid. It’s a flexible guideline that can be adjusted as you delve deeper into your writing. The primary purpose is to provide direction and prevent writer’s block.

3. Writing Your First Draft

After planning your piece, you can start writing your first draft . This is where you give life to your ideas and breathe life into your characters.

Don’t worry about making it perfect in the first go. The first draft is about getting your ideas down on paper . You can always refine and polish your work later. And if you don’t have a great place to write that first draft, consider a journal for writing .

4. Editing and Revising Your Work

The final step in the creative writing process is editing and revising your work . This is where you fine-tune your piece, correct grammatical errors, and improve sentence structure and flow.

Editing is also an opportunity to enhance your storytelling . You can add more descriptive details, develop your characters further, and make sure your plot is engaging and coherent.

Remember, writing is a craft that improves with practice . Don’t be discouraged if your first few pieces don’t meet your expectations. Keep writing, keep learning, and most importantly, enjoy the creative process.

For more insights on creative writing, check out our articles on how to teach creative writing or creative writing activities for kids.

Tips to Improve Creative Writing Skills

Understanding what is creative writing is the first step. But how can one improve their creative writing skills? Here are some tips that can help.

Read Widely

Reading is a vital part of becoming a better writer. By immersing oneself in a variety of genres, styles, and authors, one can gain a richer understanding of language and storytelling techniques . Different authors have unique voices and methods of telling stories, which can serve as inspiration for your own work. So, read widely and frequently!

Practice Regularly

Like any skill, creative writing improves with practice. Consistently writing — whether it be daily, weekly, or monthly — helps develop your writing style and voice . Using creative writing prompts can be a fun way to stimulate your imagination and get the words flowing.

Attend Writing Workshops and Courses

Formal education such as workshops and courses can offer structured learning and expert guidance. These can provide invaluable insights into the world of creative writing, from understanding plot development to character creation. If you’re wondering is a degree in creative writing worth it, these classes can also give you a taste of what studying creative writing at a higher level might look like .

Joining Writing Groups and Communities

Being part of a writing community can provide motivation, constructive feedback, and a sense of camaraderie. These groups often hold regular meetings where members share their work and give each other feedback. Plus, it’s a great way to connect with others who share your passion for writing.

Seeking Feedback on Your Work

Feedback is a crucial part of improving as a writer. It offers a fresh perspective on your work, highlighting areas of strength and opportunities for improvement. Whether it’s from a writing group, a mentor, or even friends and family, constructive criticism can help refine your writing .

Start Creative Writing Today!

Remember, becoming a proficient writer takes time and patience. So, don’t be discouraged by initial challenges. Keep writing, keep learning, and most importantly, keep enjoying the process. Who knows, your passion for creative writing might even lead to creative writing jobs and what you can do with a creative writing degree .

Happy writing!

Brooks Manley

Creative Primer  is a resource on all things journaling, creativity, and productivity. We’ll help you produce better ideas, get more done, and live a more effective life.

My name is Brooks. I do a ton of journaling, like to think I’m a creative (jury’s out), and spend a lot of time thinking about productivity. I hope these resources and product recommendations serve you well. Reach out if you ever want to chat or let me know about a journal I need to check out!

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Objectives of Creative Writing

Delve into the "Objectives of Creative Writing" and explore the multifaceted aims of this expressive art form. Uncover the diverse purposes, entertainment, education, and social commentary, that creative writing serves. Gain a deeper understanding of how creative writing transcends mere words, providing insight into the human experience.

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In this blog, we delve into the Objectives of Creative Writing and its purposes, shedding light on its significance in our lives. From the art of storytelling to the therapeutic release of emotions, Creative Writing is a dynamic and versatile discipline that has enchanted both writers and readers for generations. 

Table of C ontents  

1)  Objectives of Creative Writing 

    a)  Self-expression 

    b)  Entertainment 

    c)  Education 

    d)  Social commentary 

2)  Purpose of Creative Writing 

3)  Conclusion 

Objectives of Creative Writing  

Creative Writing serves as a versatile and dynamic form of expression, encompassing a range of objectives that go beyond mere storytelling. Here, we delve into the fundamental objectives that drive creative writers to craft their narratives and explore the depths of human creativity:  

Self-expression 

Creative Writing is, at its core, a powerful means of self-expression. It provides writers with a unique canvas upon which they can paint the colours of their innermost thoughts, emotions, and experiences. This objective of Creative Writing is deeply personal and cathartic, as it allows individuals to articulate their inner worlds in ways that spoken language often cannot. 

Through the act of writing, authors can explore the complexities of their own psyche, giving shape and substance to feelings that might otherwise remain elusive. Whether it's capturing the euphoria of love, the depths of sorrow, or the intricacies of human relationships, Creative Writing serves as a conduit for unfiltered self-expression. 

Moreover, Creative Writing grants the freedom to experiment with different writing styles, tones, and literary devices, enabling writers to find their unique voices. In the process, it cultivates self-awareness, self-discovery, and a deeper understanding of one's own experiences. For many, the act of putting pen to paper or fingers to keyboard is a therapeutic release, a way to make sense of the chaos within, and an avenue for personal growth and reflection. In essence, Creative Writing empowers individuals to share their inner narratives with the world, fostering connection and empathy among fellow readers who may find solace, resonance, or inspiration in the tales of others. 

Entertainment 

One of the primary and most recognisable objectives of Creative Writing is to entertain. Creative writers craft stories, poems, and essays that are designed to captivate readers, transporting them to different worlds, evoking emotions, and engaging their imaginations. 

At its heart, Creative Writing is the art of storytelling, and storytelling has been an integral part of human culture since time immemorial. Whether it's a thrilling mystery, a heartwarming romance, or a thought-provoking science fiction narrative, Creative Writing offers an escape from the ordinary into realms of fantasy, intrigue, and wonder. It weaves narratives with vivid imagery, compelling characters, and gripping plots, all working together to hold the reader's attention. 

Through Creative Writing, authors create emotional connections between the reader and the characters, fostering a sense of empathy and identification. As readers immerse themselves in a well-crafted story, they experience a wide range of emotions, from laughter to tears, joy to sorrow. It is this emotional journey that makes Creative Writing such a potent form of entertainment, offering readers a pleasurable escape from reality, a chance to explore new perspectives and a memorable experience that lingers long after the last page is turned.  

Education 

Creative Writing is not only a source of entertainment but also a powerful educational tool. It engages writers in a process that goes beyond storytelling; it encourages research, critical thinking, and the development of effective communication skills. 

Writers often embark on extensive research journeys to create authentic settings, characters, and plots. This quest for accuracy and depth enriches their knowledge in various fields, ranging from history and science to culture and psychology. As they delve into their chosen topics, writers gain valuable insights and expand their intellectual horizons. 

Furthermore, Creative Writing teaches readers important life lessons and imparts knowledge. It introduces them to diverse perspectives, cultures, and experiences, fostering empathy and understanding. Reading well-crafted works can be an enlightening experience, challenging preconceptions and encouraging critical thinking. It also enhances vocabulary, language skills, and the ability to express thoughts and emotions effectively. 

In educational settings, Creative Writing nurtures creativity, encourages self-expression, and helps students develop essential communication and analytical skills. This educational objective of Creative Writing underscores its value as a holistic tool for personal and intellectual growth, making it an integral part of both formal and informal learning processes. 

Social commentary 

Creative Writing often serves as a potent medium for social commentary, embodying a powerful objective that transcends mere storytelling. Through the art of narrative, poets, novelists, and essayists alike can engage in meaningful discourse about society's values, issues, and challenges. 

Writers use their creative works to shine a light on important societal concerns, question norms, and provoke thought. They employ allegory, satire, symbolism, and other literary techniques to critique, challenge, or explore various aspects of the human condition and the world we inhabit. Whether addressing issues such as inequality, injustice, environmental crises, or political corruption, Creative Writing can be a catalyst for change. 

By portraying the complexities of real-life situations and characters, writers encourage readers to reflect on their own lives and the world around them. This introspection can lead to increased awareness and, ideally, inspire action to address pressing societal issues. 

In essence, the social commentary objective of Creative Writing underscores its role as a mirror reflecting the world's triumphs and flaws. It empowers writers to be advocates for change, storytellers with a purpose, and champions of social justice, ensuring that Creative Writing continues to be a powerful force for positive transformation in society. 

Tap into your creative potential with our Creative Writing Training – Get started today! 

Purpose of Creative Writing 

Creative Writing serves a multitude of purposes, making it a dynamic and invaluable art form. Beyond its objectives, Creative Writing plays a crucial role in our lives and society, contributing to personal growth, cultural preservation, inspiration, and connection.  

Catharsis 

One of the profound and therapeutic purposes of Creative Writing is catharsis. This aspect of Creative Writing is deeply personal, as it offers writers a means to release pent-up emotions, confront inner turmoil, and find a sense of closure. 

Through the act of writing, individuals can explore their innermost thoughts and feelings in a safe and controlled environment. Whether it's grappling with grief, heartbreak, trauma, or any other emotional burden, Creative Writing provides an outlet to give shape and voice to those complex emotions. It allows writers to dissect their experiences, providing a space for self-reflection and healing. 

The process of transforming raw emotions into words can be both liberating and transformative. It can provide a sense of relief, allowing writers to gain insight into their emotional landscapes. Moreover, sharing these emotions through writing can foster connection and empathy among readers who may have experienced similar feelings or situations, creating a sense of community and understanding. 

Ultimately, catharsis through Creative Writing is a journey of self-discovery and emotional release, offering solace, healing, and a path towards personal growth and resilience. It highlights the profound impact of the written word in helping individuals navigate the complexities of their own inner worlds. 

Cultural preservation 

Creative Writing serves a noble purpose beyond personal expression and entertainment—it plays a vital role in cultural preservation. This objective of Creative Writing involves safeguarding the rich tapestry of human heritage, traditions, and stories for future generations. 

Cultures are defined by their narratives, folklore, and historical accounts. Creative writers, whether chroniclers of oral traditions or authors of historical fiction are the custodians of these invaluable cultural treasures. They document the stories passed down through generations, ensuring they are not lost to time. 

Through Creative Writing, cultures are celebrated, languages are preserved, and unique identities are immortalised. Folktales, myths, and legends are retold, keeping them relevant and alive. These narratives provide insights into the beliefs, values, and wisdom of a society, fostering a deeper understanding of its roots. 

Moreover, Creative Writing bridges cultural divides by sharing stories from diverse backgrounds, fostering empathy and appreciation for the richness of human experience. In this way, Creative Writing becomes a bridge across generations, connecting the past with the present and preserving the collective memory of humanity for a brighter future. 

Inspiration 

One of the transformative purposes of Creative Writing is to inspire others. It is a beacon that shines brightly, guiding aspiring writers and kindling the creative flames within them. Through the power of storytelling and the written word, Creative Writing has the remarkable ability to ignite the spark of imagination and motivation. 

Exceptional works of literature often leave an indelible mark on readers. They can evoke a sense of wonder, curiosity, and passion, motivating individuals to embark on their own creative journeys. Many renowned authors found their calling through the inspiration they drew from the words of others, perpetuating a beautiful cycle of creativity. 

Creative Writing serves as a testament to human potential, showcasing the boundless depths of imagination and the infinite possibilities of language. It encourages individuals to explore their unique perspectives, cultivate their voices, and craft stories that resonate with the human experience. 

For writers and readers alike, Creative Writing is a wellspring of inspiration, a reminder that the world of imagination is boundless and that the written word has the power to shape minds, hearts, and the course of history. Through the act of creation and the sharing of stories, Creative Writing continues to inspire generations to dream, create, and connect with the world in profound ways. 

Connection 

Creative Writing holds a remarkable purpose - it fosters connections. It serves as a bridge between authors and readers, offering a means of understanding, empathy, and human connection that transcends time, space, and cultural boundaries. 

When readers immerse themselves in a well-crafted story, they embark on an emotional journey alongside the characters. This shared experience creates a bond between the author and the reader as both parties navigate the complexities of the human condition together. Readers can see the world through the eyes of characters from diverse backgrounds and cultures, fostering empathy and understanding. 

Furthermore, Creative Writing connects individuals across generations. Literary classics, for example, allow us to connect with the thoughts and emotions of people who lived centuries ago. These timeless works offer insights into the universal aspects of the human experience, reminding us of our shared humanity. 

Creative Writing also has the power to connect people in the present. Through reading and discussion, individuals can form communities, share their interpretations, and engage in meaningful dialogue. Book clubs, literary events, and online forums all provide platforms for people to connect over their love for literature. 

Conclusion 

In conclusion, Creative Writing is a multifaceted art form with diverse objectives and purposes. From self-expression and entertainment to education, social commentary, catharsis, cultural preservation, inspiration, and connection, it enriches our lives in myriad ways. This timeless craft continues to captivate, inspire, and connect us, shaping our world through the power of words. 

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Writing Nestling

What Is Creative Writing? (Definition & 11 Best Steps)

Creative writing is the celestial dance of words, an art form that transcends the ordinary to forge literary constellations that illuminate the human experience.

At its core, creative writing is a cosmic exploration of imagination, a journey into the uncharted realms where storytelling becomes a vehicle for self-expression, creativity, and connection.

It encompasses a diverse array of genres, from the poetic landscapes of verse to the intricate narratives of fiction and the introspective reflections of creative nonfiction.

Creative writing is both an ancient practice, rooted in the oral traditions of storytelling, and a contemporary force, shaped by the dynamic currents of literary movements and the digital age.

In this cosmic voyage of words, writers become cosmic architects, crafting worlds, characters, and emotions that resonate across the galaxies of human thought and emotion.

This exploration delves into the historical evolution, elements, genres, and the transformative process of creative writing, inviting both novice stargazers and seasoned explorers to embark on a literary odyssey through the cosmos of human imagination.

Table of Contents

What Is Creative Writing?

Creative writing is the process of expressing thoughts, ideas, and emotions through the artful use of language. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown:

Idea Generation

Start by brainstorming and generating ideas. This could be inspired by personal experiences, observations, or purely imaginative concepts.

Organize your thoughts and structure your writing. This might involve outlining the plot for a story, creating characters, or planning the flow of a poem.

Choosing a Form or Genre

Decide on the type of creative writing you want to pursue – whether it’s fiction, non-fiction, poetry, drama, or any other form.

Setting the Tone and Style

Define the tone and style of your writing. This could range from formal to informal, humorous to serious, depending on the intended effect.

Creating Characters or Themes

Develop characters, themes, or central ideas that will drive your narrative and engage your audience.

Begin writing your first draft. Allow yourself the freedom to explore ideas without worrying too much about perfection at this stage.

Review and revise your work. This involves refining your language, improving clarity, and ensuring your writing effectively communicates your intended message or story.

Pay attention to grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Edit your work to eliminate errors and enhance overall readability.

Seek feedback from peers, writing groups, or mentors. Constructive criticism can help you identify areas for improvement and refine your work.

Make final adjustments based on feedback and your own revisions. Polish your creative writing until you are satisfied with the result.

Publishing or Sharing

Decide whether you want to share your work publicly. This could involve submitting it to literary magazines, self-publishing, or simply sharing it with friends and family.

Creative writing is a dynamic and iterative process, allowing for continuous refinement and exploration of ideas.

Historical Evolution of Creative Writing

Embarking on a literary time-travel, the historical evolution of creative writing unfolds like an intricately woven tapestry, blending the whispers of ancient oral traditions with the bold strokes of individual expression that emerged during the Renaissance.

Picture storytellers captivating audiences with folk tales around ancient campfires, only to witness the metamorphosis into written words that took place during humanity’s transition from the spoken to the written word.

As the winds of change blew through literary landscapes, the Renaissance breathed life into personal narratives, and Romanticism embraced the turbulent storms of emotion.

Modernism then shattered conventional boundaries, paving the way for experimental forms that mirrored the tumultuous twentieth century.

Today, creative writing stands at the intersection of tradition and innovation, a dynamic force shaped by the echoes of the past and the untamed creativity of the present.

Origins in oral traditions

The origins of creative writing can be traced back to the rich tapestry of human storytelling woven through the fabric of oral traditions.

In the dim glow of ancient campfires, our ancestors spun tales that danced between reality and imagination, passing down knowledge, wisdom, and cultural identity from one generation to the next.

These oral narratives, often rooted in folklore and myths, were the heartbeat of communities, connecting individuals through shared stories.

From the captivating epics of Homer to the enchanting fairy tales whispered in the corners of the world, the oral tradition laid the foundation for the written word, embodying the essence of human creativity, imagination, and the innate desire to communicate through the power of narrative.

Development through literary movements

The historical journey of creative writing unfolds through the dynamic currents of literary movements, each a vibrant chapter in the evolution of human expression.

The Renaissance, a cultural rebirth, marked a pivotal shift as writers embraced the power of individual expression and departed from medieval constraints.

Romanticism followed, a tempest of emotion that stormed the structured landscapes of literature, championing nature, passion, and the sublime.

Modernism emerged as a bold departure from traditional forms, ushering in experimental narratives and fragmented perspectives that mirrored the complexities of the 20th century.

Today’s creative writing landscape, shaped by these movements, is a kaleidoscope of diverse voices and styles, a testament to the enduring influence of literary evolution on the human experience.

Elements of Creative Writing

Dive into the alchemy of creative writing, where the elements of storytelling blend and dance like cosmic particles in a celestial ballet.

Picture the plot and structure as the architectural skeleton, a blueprint for worlds yet to be born. Characters, like sentient constellations, come to life, breathing the very essence of authenticity into the narrative cosmos.

Amidst the vast expanse of setting and atmosphere, landscapes materialize like dreams, painting scenes that are both vivid and haunting.

Style and voice emerge as the enchanting melodies, each writer composing a unique symphony that resonates in the reader’s soul.

In this literary crucible, the elements fuse, giving birth to tales that are not just written but are crafted, where words become spells, and the act of creation is nothing short of magical.

Genres in Creative Writing

Step into the kaleidoscope of creative expression, where genres in creative writing are the vibrant hues that paint the literary canvas with boundless imagination.

Fiction, a realm where novel universes unfurl with every turn of the page, beckons explorers to traverse landscapes of intrigue and emotion.

Poetry, the language of the soul, weaves verses that resonate in the heart’s chambers, from the traditional sonnets to the avant-garde free forms that defy gravity.

Creative nonfiction becomes a literary mirror, reflecting the kaleidoscope of reality through memoirs and essays, blurring the lines between experience and artistry.

These genres are not mere labels; they are portals into worlds where storytelling transcends boundaries, and writers become architects of realms that captivate the mind, stir the emotions, and linger in the echoes of the reader’s imagination.

Fiction, the enchanting realm where the alchemy of words transforms imagination into reality, beckons readers into worlds unknown.

It is the literary tapestry where storytellers weave tales that dance on the precipice between reality and fantasy. Novels, the architects of this fantastical landscape, sculpt characters with palpable depth, crafting intricate plotlines that unfold like secrets waiting to be revealed.

From the classic works of timeless masters to the contemporary symphonies of emerging voices, fiction transcends time and space, inviting readers to escape the ordinary and venture into the extraordinary.

In this boundless expanse, emotions become tangible, and the echoes of imaginary footsteps resonate long after the last page is turned. Fiction is not merely a genre; it is a passport to alternate realities, a magic carpet that carries readers to places uncharted and emotions unexplored.

Poetry, the language of the heart and the echo of the soul, is an art form that transcends the boundaries of ordinary expression.

In the symphony of words, poets become maestros, conducting emotions and experiences into verses that sing with rhythm and grace.

From the structured elegance of traditional forms to the unbridled freedom of free verse, poetry captures the ineffable and distills it into the purest essence.

Every line is a brushstroke painting vivid imagery, and each stanza is a melody that resonates in the chambers of the reader’s spirit. Poets wield words like alchemists, transforming mundane moments into profound revelations.

In the delicate dance between language and emotion, poetry stands as a testament to the human capacity to turn the ordinary into the extraordinary, inviting readers to immerse themselves in the beauty of finely crafted language and the endless possibilities of the poetic imagination.

Creative Nonfiction

Creative nonfiction, a captivating blend of factual precision and artistic expression, serves as a literary bridge between the realms of truth and imagination.

In this genre, writers embark on a compelling journey of storytelling that mines the depths of reality to craft narratives as rich and engaging as any fiction.

From memoirs that illuminate the intricacies of personal experiences to thought-provoking essays that dissect the tapestry of the human condition, creative nonfiction is a mosaic of authenticity painted with the brushstrokes of literary finesse.

The genre encourages writers to artfully blur the lines between fact and narrative, weaving a tapestry that captures the essence of life in all its complexities.

It is a genre where truth is not merely recounted but elevated to the status of art, inviting readers to explore the profound and the ordinary with fresh eyes and a heightened appreciation for the power of storytelling.

The Creative Writing Process

Embark on the enigmatic odyssey of the creative writing process, where inspiration is a clandestine muse that whispers in the stillness of creativity.

The inception, a cosmic spark, ignites the imagination, unleashing a torrent of ideas that cascade like shooting stars across the writer’s mind. The drafting phase is a dance with chaos, a raw manifestation of thoughts and emotions onto the blank canvas of the page.

Yet, the revision process emerges as the phoenix rising from the literary ashes, where words transform and refine, revealing the alchemical magic of refining ideas into a harmonious narrative.

Seeking feedback becomes a cosmic conversation, where the writer navigates the cosmos of criticism to unveil hidden constellations in their work.

The creative writing process is not a linear trajectory but a celestial dance , where writers traverse the nebulae of creativity, forging galaxies of prose and poetry that linger in the reader’s universe long after the final punctuation mark.

Idea generation, the pulsating heartbeat of the creative process, invites writers into the boundless cosmos of imagination.

It is an ethereal dance with inspiration, where sparks of creativity ignite the mind like constellations in the night sky. Whether drawn from personal experiences, fleeting observations, or the whispers of dreams, ideas are the raw stardust that writers mold into narrative galaxies.

The process is as unpredictable as a meteor shower, with writers navigating the celestial expanse to capture elusive fragments of brilliance.

From the quiet corners of introspection to the cacophony of the world, the art of idea generation transforms the mundane into the extraordinary, inviting writers to embark on a cosmic odyssey where every fleeting notion has the potential to blossom into a literary supernova.

Drafting and Revising

Drafting and revising, the twin constellations of the writing process, encapsulate the transformative journey of turning nebulous ideas into polished prose.

In the initial act of drafting, writers plunge into the creative abyss, weaving words into a tapestry of raw emotions and vivid imagery.

It is an untamed exploration, where the exhilarating rush of creation takes precedence over perfection. Yet, the true alchemy occurs in the refining crucible of revision. Like a sculptor chiseling away excess stone to reveal a masterpiece, writers meticulously carve and reshape their narratives.

It is a dance with words, a delicate balancing act of preserving the authenticity of the initial draft while enhancing clarity, coherence, and resonance.

Revision is not merely correction; it is the conscious evolution of a narrative, where every nuanced change breathes new life into the prose.

The tandem of drafting and revising, akin to the ebb and flow of cosmic forces, is the dynamic heartbeat that propels a piece of writing from its embryonic stages to the polished brilliance that captivates the reader’s soul.

Publishing and Sharing

Publishing and sharing mark the culmination of a writer’s odyssey, where the crafted words are prepared to venture beyond the solitary realm of creation.

It is a moment of revelation, where the manuscript, once a private universe, prepares to meet the wider cosmos of readership.

The publishing process, be it through traditional avenues or the burgeoning world of self-publishing, involves the meticulous preparation of the work for public consumption.

The act of sharing becomes a cosmic ripple, as the writer’s voice resonates across the literary landscape, forging connections with readers who may find solace, inspiration, or sheer enjoyment in the words.

It is a dance of vulnerability and courage, as writers release their creations into the literary cosmos, hoping their narrative constellations will find a home in the hearts and minds of others.

The symbiotic relationship between writer and reader transforms the act of publishing into a shared cosmic experience, where words transcend the individual and become part of a collective literary universe.

Challenges and Rewards of Creative Writing

Navigating the cosmos of creative writing reveals a celestial dance of challenges and rewards, where each word penned is a step into the cosmic unknown.

The challenges emerge like elusive comets, from the gravitational pull of writer’s block threatening to derail creativity, to the constant cosmic quest for a harmonious balance between originality and marketability.

Yet, these challenges are the cosmic forge that tempers the writer’s mettle, honing resilience and creativity in the crucible of adversity.

The rewards, akin to dazzling supernovae, illuminate the journey. The cathartic joy of crafting a sentence that resonates, the cosmic connections formed with readers who find solace or delight in the prose – these are the celestial jewels that make the struggles worthwhile.

In the vast expanse of creative writing, challenges and rewards orbit each other like binary stars, their gravitational pull shaping the unique trajectory of every writer’s cosmic odyssey.

Overcoming writer’s block

Writer’s block, that elusive shadow cast over the creative landscape, can feel like navigating a cosmic void where inspiration is but a distant star.

It is the gravitational force that stymies the flow of words and leaves the writer stranded in a sea of blank pages. Yet, overcoming writer’s block is an act of cosmic resilience.

Writers embark on a journey through the nebulae of creativity, employing various strategies to break free from the entangled cosmic web.

Whether it’s the cosmic power of free writing to unravel mental knots or the meteoric inspiration found in changing the writing environment, overcoming writer’s block becomes a transformative process.

It is the writer’s spacecraft pushing through the cosmic fog, a testament to the indomitable spirit that seeks to create even in the face of cosmic resistance.

In this dance with the muse, writers rediscover the cosmic symphony of their imagination and emerge from the creative void with newfound brilliance.

Balancing originality and marketability

In the cosmic dance of creative writing, striking the delicate balance between originality and marketability is akin to navigating the gravitational forces of two celestial bodies.

Originality, the pulsating core of creativity, propels writers into uncharted literary realms, forging unique constellations of thought and expression.

Yet, the cosmic reality of marketability orbits nearby, where commercial considerations seek gravitational stability.

It’s an intricate interplay; too much originality may risk veering into the obscure, while an excessive focus on marketability might compromise the authenticity of the creative vision.

Writers become cosmic architects, constructing narratives that not only resonate with their individual voice but also align with the gravitational pull of audience preferences.

Balancing these cosmic forces is a perpetual challenge, requiring writers to dance on the edge of innovation while staying tethered to the gravitational pull of a wider readership.

In this cosmic balancing act, writers discover the celestial equilibrium where originality and marketability harmonize, creating literary galaxies that captivate both the cosmos of creativity and the earthly realms of audience engagement.

Impact of Creative Writing on Society

Creative writing is the cosmic echo of the human soul, resonating through the annals of time and leaving an indelible imprint on the fabric of society.

It serves as a literary constellation, illuminating the collective consciousness with narratives that mirror, challenge, and redefine societal values.

From ancient epics that shaped cultural identities to contemporary works that spark revolutions of thought, creative writing is a cosmic force that fosters empathy, dismantles prejudices, and holds a mirror to the complexities of the human experience.

It is the catalyst for societal metamorphosis, a cosmic dance that encourages dialogue, fuels revolutions, and shapes the very contours of cultural evolution.

In the vast cosmos of creative expression, the impact of writing is not merely confined to the pages; it permeates the collective psyche, becoming a celestial force that guides, questions, and ultimately shapes the destiny of societies on this cosmic voyage through time.

Educational and Professional Opportunities in Creative Writing

Embarking on the cosmic odyssey of creative writing isn’t just a journey into the realms of imagination; it’s a launchpad to educational and professional constellations that illuminate diverse career trajectories.

Creative writing programs become celestial academies, nurturing literary supernovae through workshops, mentorship, and the exploration of narrative galaxies.

The academic pursuit of the craft transforms writers into cosmic architects, honing not only their creativity but also the analytical skills essential for dissecting the intricacies of language.

Beyond the academic cosmos, the professional opportunities in creative writing are as vast as the universe itself.

Writers may navigate the celestial waters of journalism, become starry-eyed screenwriters crafting cinematic adventures, or soar as literary explorers, publishing novels that leave an indelible mark on the literary cosmos.

In the intersection of education and profession, creative writing unfolds as a cosmic tapestry where words aren’t just written but become portals to boundless opportunities in the vast expanse of the literary universe.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about What Is Creative Writing?

What exactly is creative writing, and how does it differ from other forms of writing.

Creative writing is the vibrant, expressive art of using words to craft narratives that go beyond mere conveyance of information. It stands apart by prioritizing imagination, self-expression, and often blurs the lines between reality and fiction.

How does the historical evolution of creative writing influence contemporary practices?

The historical journey of creative writing, from ancient oral traditions to the digital age, has shaped the very DNA of the craft. It influences contemporary practices by offering a rich tapestry of literary movements, styles, and themes that writers can draw inspiration from or subvert.

Can anyone become a creative writer, or is it a skill reserved for a select few?

Absolutely anyone can become a creative writer! While innate talent can be an asset, the essence of creative writing lies in practice, exploration, and the willingness to cultivate one’s unique voice and perspective.

What are the key elements that make up creative writing, and how do they contribute to the overall narrative?

The elements of creative writing, such as plot, characterization, setting, style, and voice, are the building blocks that construct the literary cosmos. They contribute by creating immersive worlds, memorable characters, and distinctive narratives that resonate with readers.

How can one overcome writer’s block, a common challenge in creative writing?

Overcoming writer’s block is like navigating through a cosmic fog. Strategies include engaging in free writing, changing the writing environment, seeking inspiration from different mediums, or simply taking a cosmic break to recharge creative energies.

Is creative writing limited to novels and poetry, or are there other genres to explore?

Creative writing spans a diverse universe of genres. While novels and poetry are prominent, there’s also creative nonfiction, flash fiction, screenplays, and more. The cosmos of creative writing is vast and welcomes exploration.

How does one balance the fine line between originality and marketability in creative writing?

Balancing originality and marketability requires navigating a cosmic dance. It involves maintaining authenticity while considering the audience’s preferences, creating a celestial equilibrium where the writer’s unique voice resonates within a broader readership.

What educational and professional opportunities are available in the field of creative writing?

The educational galaxy offers creative writing programs and degrees, nurturing writers with both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Professionally, opportunities range from traditional publishing avenues to scriptwriting, journalism, and the expansive realm of digital content creation.

In conclusion, creative writing is a cosmic odyssey, an ever-expanding universe of imagination, expression, and connection.

From its ancient roots in oral traditions to the dynamic currents of contemporary literary movements, creative writing has evolved into a diverse and influential art form.

It is a transformative process that involves the careful balance of elements, the exploration of various genres, and the persistent journey through the challenges and rewards of crafting narratives.

Creative writing is not confined to the realms of novels and poetry; it encompasses a vast cosmos of possibilities, from memoirs to screenplays, flash fiction to creative nonfiction.

As writers embark on this celestial exploration, they become architects of worlds, sculptors of characters, and composers of narratives that resonate across the collective human experience.

The educational and professional opportunities within this realm further amplify its significance, turning creative writing into both a personal pursuit and a communal force shaping the literary landscape.

In the grand celestial tapestry of human expression, creative writing emerges as a luminous constellation, inviting writers and readers alike to traverse the cosmic expanse of imagination and storytelling.

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Creative Writing: What It Is and Why It Matters

By: Author Paul Jenkins

Posted on Published: January 13, 2023  - Last updated: January 15, 2023

Categories Writing

Writing can be intimidating for many people, but creative writing doesn’t have to be. Creative writing is a form of self-expression that allows writers to create stories, characters, and unique settings. But what exactly is creative writing? And why is it important in today’s society? Let’s explore this further.

How We Define Creative Writing

Creative writing is any form where writers can express their thoughts and feelings imaginatively. This type of writing allows authors to draw on their imagination when creating stories and characters and play with language and structure. While there are no boundaries in creative writing, most pieces will contain dialogue, description, and narrative elements.

The Importance of Creative Writing

Creative writing is important because:

• It helps us express ourselves in ways we may not be able to do with other forms of communication.
• It allows us to explore our creativity and think outside the box.
• It can help us better understand our emotions by exploring them through storytelling or poetry.
• Writing creatively can also provide much-needed escapism from everyday life, allowing us to escape into a world of our creation.
• Creative writing helps us connect with others by sharing our experiences through stories or poems they can relate to. This way, we can gain insight into other people’s lives while giving them insight into ours.

Creative Writing: A Path to Mental and Emotional Wellness

Writing is more than just a way to express your thoughts on paper. It’s a powerful tool that can be used as a form of therapy. Creative writing has been shown to improve emotional and mental well-being.

Through creative writing, we can gain insight into our emotions, develop self-expression and communication skills, cultivate empathy and understanding of others, and boost our imagination and creativity.

Let’s examine how creative writing can relieve stress and emotional catharsis.

Stress Relief and Emotional Catharsis

Writing has the power to reduce stress levels significantly. Writing about our experiences or about things that are causing us anxiety or distress helps us to release those complicated feelings constructively. By expressing ourselves through creative writing, we can work through the emotions associated with stressful situations without having to confront them directly.

This is especially helpful for people who struggle to share their emotions verbally or in person.

Improved Communication and Self-Expression

Creative writing is also beneficial for improving communication skills. Through creative writing, we can explore our thoughts and feelings more intensely than by speaking them aloud. This allows us to think more clearly about what we want to say before actually saying it out loud or in written form, which leads to improved self-expression overall.

Additionally, writing out our thoughts before speaking aloud allows us to articulate ourselves better when communicating with others—which is essential for healthy personal and professional relationships.

Increased Empathy and Understanding of Others

Through creative writing, we can also increase our empathy towards others by exploring different perspectives on various topics that may be unfamiliar or uncomfortable for us—such as racism, homophobia, sexism, etc.—and allowing ourselves the opportunity to see the situation from someone else’s point of view without judgment or bias. This helps us become better communicators and more understanding individuals overall.

The Professional Benefits of Creative Writing

Creative writing is a powerful tool that can help you communicate better and more effectively in the professional world. It can also help you develop various skills that prove invaluable in many industries. Whether you’re looking to build your résumé or improve your communication, creative writing can effectively achieve both.

Let’s take a closer look at how creative writing can benefit your career.

Preparing Students for Careers in Writing, Editing, and Publishing

Creative writing is the perfect foundation for anyone interested in pursuing a career in writing, editing, or publishing. It teaches students the basics of grammar and composition while allowing them to express their ideas in imaginative ways.

Creative writing classes also allow students to learn from professionals who have experience as editors, agents, and publishers. They can use this knowledge to learn creative writing, refine their craft and gain valuable experience before entering the job market.

Improving Skills in Storytelling and Marketing for Various Careers

Creative writing teaches students to think critically about stories and craft compelling narratives that draw readers in. This skill is precious for those who wish to pursue careers outside traditional writing roles—such as marketing or advertising—where storytelling is key.

People who understand the fundamentals of creative writing will be able to create persuasive copy that resonates with readers and effectively conveys a message.

Enhancing Team Collaboration and Leadership Skills

Creative writing isn’t just about expressing yourself through words; it also provides an opportunity to practice working collaboratively with others on projects. Many creative writing classes require students to work together on group projects, which helps them develop essential teamwork skills such as communication, critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity.

As they work together on these projects, they will also gain confidence in their ability to lead teams effectively—an invaluable asset no matter what industry they pursue after graduation.

Uncovering the Power of Creative Writing

Creative writing has become an increasingly powerful force in shaping our society. Creative writing has many uses, from preserving cultural heritage to promoting social change.

Preserving Cultural Heritage with Creative Writing

Creative writing has long been used to preserve and share cultural heritage stories. This is done through fictional stories or poetry that explore a particular culture or group’s history, values, and beliefs. By weaving these stories in an engaging way, writers can bring a culture’s history and traditions to life for readers worldwide. This helps bridge cultural gaps by providing insight into what makes each culture unique.

Promoting Social Change & Activism with Creative Writing

Creative writing can also be used for activism and social change. Writers can craft stories that help promote awareness about important issues such as poverty, race relations, gender equality, climate change, and more.

With the power of words, writers can inspire readers to take action on these issues and work towards creating positive change in their communities.

Through creative writing, writers can raise awareness about important topics while fostering empathy toward individuals who may be facing difficult or challenging situations.

Fostering Creativity & Innovation with Creative Writing

Finally, creative writing can foster creativity and innovation in various fields. For example, businesses can use creative copywriting techniques to create compelling content that captures the attention of customers or potential investors.

Aspiring entrepreneurs can use storytelling techniques when pitching their ideas or products to potential partners or investors to make their cases more persuasive and memorable.

By harnessing the power of words through creative writing techniques, businesses can create content that resonates with their target audience while inspiring them to take action on whatever message they’re trying to convey. It often aids the overall creative process.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the benefits of creative writing.

Creative writing has many benefits, both for the writer and the reader. For the writer, it can be therapeutic, helping them to explore their emotions and better understand themselves. It can also be used as entertainment or communication, allowing them to share their ideas with the world. For the reader, creative writing can provide enjoyment, escapism, and insights into the human condition.

How can I improve my creative writing skills?

There are several ways you can improve your creative writing skills. Firstly, make sure you allow yourself time to write regularly. Use a writing prompt to inspire a short story. Secondly, read as much as you can; great writers are also great readers. Thirdly, experiment with different styles and genres to find one that suits you best. Fourthly, join a writers’ group, writing workshop, or creative writing program to get feedback from other writers. Finally, keep a journal to track your progress and reflect on your work as a creative writer.

What is the importance of imagery in creative writing?

Imagery is an important element of creative writing, as it helps to create a more vivid picture for the reader. By using sensory and descriptive language, writers can transport readers into their stories and help them relate to their characters or themes. Imagery can bring a scene alive with detail and evoke emotion by helping readers create strong visual images in their minds. Furthermore, imagery can help make stories more memorable by giving readers a deeper connection with the characters or setting.

What are the elements of creative writing?

The elements of creative writing include plot, character, dialogue, setting, theme, and point of view. The plot is the structure or main storyline, while the character is the personage involved in this story. Dialogue includes conversations between characters to give insight into their emotions and relationships. Setting refers to the place or time in which a story takes place, while theme explores deeper meanings behind a story’s narrative. Finally, point of view defines how readers experience a story through first-person or third-person omniscient narration.

What’s the difference between creative writing and other types of writing?

The main difference between creative writing and other types of writing is that it allows the writer to create their own story, characters, settings, and themes. Creative writing also encourages writers to be inventive with their style and use descriptive language to evoke emotion or bring stories alive in readers’ minds. Other academic or technical writing types typically involve more research-based information and are usually more objective in their presentation. Additionally, most forms of non-creative writing will have stricter rules regarding grammar, structure, and syntax.

What is the golden rule of creative writing?

The golden rule of creative writing is to show, not tell. It’s the core creative writing skill. When it comes to creative writing, it’s essential to use descriptive language that immerses readers in the story and allows them to experience the events through their emotions and imaginations. This can be done through metaphors, similes, sensory language, and vivid imagery.

How important is creativity in writing?

Creativity is essential in writing as it allows writers to craft a unique story and evoke emotion from the reader. Creativity can bring stories alive with fresh perspectives and exciting plot lines while creating an escape for readers and giving them more profound insights into the human condition. Writers who combine creativity with technical aspects such as grammar, structure, language usage, and flow will create pieces that capture their audience’s attention and provide an enjoyable reading experience.

• What is Imagination? Elements of Creative Writing.
• Literary Devices

Imagination  is a boundless realm where ideas come to life, stories take shape, and worlds are crafted. It’s the driving force behind every captivating narrative, and it holds the key to unlocking the magic of  creative writing . In this blog, we delve into the elements of creative writing that are fueled by imagination, exploring how to harness its power to craft  compelling stories

Understanding imagination and its role in writing

Imagination  is the canvas upon which writers paint their stories. It’s the ability to conjure vivid images, emotions, and scenarios in our minds, transcending the limits of reality. In the realm of creative writing, imagination serves as the foundation for storytelling, allowing writers to transport readers to new dimensions and experiences.

Imagination and Writing: A Symbiotic Relationship

Imagination and writing share an intricate symbiotic relationship, each enhancing the other’s potential to craft captivating narratives that capture readers’ hearts and minds. Writing acts as the vessel that channels the boundless energy of imagination, transforming abstract ideas into concrete, relatable stories that readers can immerse themselves in. Imagination, on the other hand, supplies the raw materials, infusing the writing process with creativity, depth, and the power to evoke emotions.

Read:  How to Become a Travel Writer – A Complete Guide on Travelogue Writing

Imagine a scenario where the writer envisions an enchanting forest illuminated by the soft glow of fireflies. This mental image is a product of their imagination. However, it’s through the act of writing that this imagery takes shape and becomes accessible to others. As the words flow onto the page, the scene materialises, and readers can envision the magical forest just as vividly as the writer did. Here, imagination laid the foundation, and writing built the bridge to share it with others.

Consider a fictional story where a young  protagonist  embarks on a daring adventure to save their kingdom. The twists and turns of the plot, the vivid landscapes, and the complex characters are all fruits of the  writer’s imagination . However, without skillful writing to weave these elements together, the story might remain a jumble of disconnected thoughts. Writing provides the structure that allows imagination’s creations to be expressed coherently, drawing readers into a world they can explore.

Elements of Creative Writing Nurtured by Imagination

• Narrative Paragraphs : Imagination breathes life into narrative paragraphs, where characters, plots, and settings intermingle to create a cohesive story. It enables writers to craft dynamic characters with distinct personalities and motivations, driving the plot forward with unexpected twists and turns. The magic of imagination transforms mundane scenarios into exciting adventures that captivate readers. For example , consider a mundane situation where a character is walking to work. With imagination, this simple act can turn into an adventure. Perhaps the character stumbles upon a hidden portal that leads to a fantastical realm, setting the stage for an unexpected journey filled with challenges and discoveries.
• Descriptive Paragraphs : Imagination adds depth and colour to descriptive paragraphs, allowing readers to visualise scenes and settings as if they were standing amidst them. Writers use imaginative language to evoke sensory experiences, painting a sensory-rich tapestry that readers can immerse themselves in. Whether it’s the scent of blooming flowers or the rustling of leaves, imagination fuels descriptive writing. Imagine describing a forest scene with a touch of imagination. Instead of just stating “the trees were tall,” you could evoke a vivid image with “towering trees whispered secrets to the sky, their branches reaching out like ancient storytellers sharing tales with the clouds.”
• Exploring Essay Formats : Even in essays, imagination plays a crucial role. It guides writers in generating unique perspectives and insightful analyses. Imagination encourages writers to think outside the box, infusing essays with creative interpretations that engage readers and stand out in a sea of conventional approaches. For instance, in an analytical essay about a historical event, you could imagine being a fly on the wall during a pivotal moment. This imaginative approach could offer fresh insights into the emotions, motivations, and unspoken dynamics of the event, enriching your analysis.

Steps to Channeling Imagination in Writing

• Mindful Observation : Imagination thrives on observation. Pay attention to the world around you—the people, places, and experiences. Observe the nuances, emotions, and interactions that often go unnoticed. These observations can serve as seeds for imaginative stories. Suppose you observe a hushed conversation between two strangers at a train station. With imagination, you could speculate on their identities, motivations, and the secrets they’re sharing, weaving a tale of intrigue and suspense.
• Dreaming Beyond Limits : Embrace the freedom of your imagination. Allow yourself to dream beyond the boundaries of reality. What if animals could talk? What if gravity didn’t exist? These fantastical scenarios can spark creative ideas that lead to innovative storytelling. Think about a world where humans communicate with animals. You could imagine a heartwarming story where a young girl forms an unlikely friendship with a talking squirrel, leading to adventures that bridge the gap between human and animal perspectives.
• Embracing What-Ifs : Imagination is fueled by curiosity. Ask “what if” questions that challenge the norm. What if time travel were possible? What if superheroes were real? Exploring these hypothetical scenarios opens the door to imaginative narratives. Imagine a society where everyone possesses a unique superpower. How would this shape relationships, power dynamics, and the concept of heroism? By exploring these what-ifs, you create a world ripe for imaginative exploration.
• Creating Connections : Imagination thrives when ideas collide. Combine seemingly unrelated concepts to create something new. Merge historical events with futuristic technology or blend cultural traditions with modern settings. These juxtapositions can lead to unique and compelling stories. Consider a story set in a Victorian steampunk world where advanced technology coexists with the elegance of the 19th century. This fusion of eras adds depth and intrigue to your narrative, sparking readers’ imaginations with the possibilities of a beautifully complex world.
• Diving into Emotions : Imagination isn’t just about visuals; it’s about emotions too. Dive deep into the emotional landscapes of your characters. Explore their fears, hopes, and desires. Imagination empowers writers to tap into the universal emotions that resonate with readers. Imagine a  character  grappling with a profound loss. By delving into their emotional journey, you can create a story that resonates with readers who have experienced similar feelings. Imagination allows you to convey the depth of these emotions in a way that makes them tangible and relatable.

Crafting Your Imagination-Infused Writing

Imagination and writing are inseparable partners in the world of creative expression. They collaborate to create narratives that inspire, entertain, and transport readers. By nurturing your imagination and honing your writing skills, you’ll craft stories that leave a lasting impact.

Read:  Get to Know What are the Main Elements in Creative Writing.

Immerse readers in worlds they’ve never experienced, challenge their perspectives, and ignite their own imaginative sparks. Whether you’re writing a narrative paragraph, a descriptive passage, or an analytical essay, remember that imagination is your greatest ally. As you embark on your writing journey, let your imagination soar and watch your stories come to life in ways you’ve never imagined before.

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Why learn creative writing? Truthfully, creative writing is one of the most misunderstood disciplines in the 21st century. When people think of a creative writing course, they often imagine a group of lofty, out-of-touch people who wear argyle sweater vests and have unproductive conversations about abstract concepts.

In reality, nothing could be further from the truth: the best writing classes remain engaged with the real world, and the skills gained in a creative writing course apply to nearly every facet of daily life.

If you’re wondering whether it’s worth picking up a course in fiction, nonfiction, or poetry, we have five reasons to learn creative writing. But first, let’s talk about what actually happens in a creative writing course.

The Basics of a Writing Workshop

Whether you’re enrolled in a poetry, fiction, or nonfiction writing class, you can expect the following writing process – at least in a quality writing course like the ones at Writers.com.

• Weekly prompts and writing exercises to sharpen the precision and necessity of each word you use.
• Constructive critiques from a community of writers who are each growing their writing skills alongside you.
• A creative space to explore new ideas, experiment with language, and arrange words in new and exciting ways.
• Focused writing instruction from a master of the craft.

The benefits of creative writing come from engaging with the course material, the writing prompts, and the other class members. These elements help you become a better writer, both in creative realms and in everyday life. How? No matter what form of writing, a creative writing class pushes you to connect ideas and create effective narratives using the best words – and that skill translates into real world success.

The Benefits of Creative Writing

1. why learn creative writing: improved self-expression.

Improving your writing skills leads to stronger communication. When you practice finding the right word in a story or poem, you engage the same parts of your brain that are active in everyday writing and speaking. A creative writing course subconsciously turns you into a more effective communicator.

The importance of precise language and self-advocacy translates well into both interpersonal relationships and working environments. Take it from this expert on how writing and self-advocacy results in career and leadership success.

2. Why Learn Creative Writing: Job Success

This brings us to our next point: great writing leads to job success. Of course, your boss probably isn’t expecting you to write emails in the form of a short story or a sonnet – though if they are expecting this, you have a pretty cool boss.

In reality, almost every job requires some sort of written work, whether that’s simple written communication or something more elaborate, like publishing data or marketing materials. In a creative writing class, you practice the style and grammar rules necessary for effective writing, both within the realms of literature and in career-related writing. Sharpening your writing and creativity skills might just land you your next promotion.

3. Why Learn Creative Writing: Improved Thinking Skills

Strong writing leads to strong thinking. No matter what type of writing you pursue, learning how to write is another form of learning how to think.

That might seem like a bold claim, so think about it this way. Without language, our thoughts wouldn’t have form. We might not need language to think “I’m hungry” or “I like cats,” but when it comes to more abstract concepts, language is key. How would you think about things like justice, revenge, or equality without the words to express them?

When you hone in on your ability to find choice, specific words, and when you work on the skills of effective storytelling and rhetoric , you improve your ability to think in general. Good writing yields great thinking!

4. Why Learn Creative Writing: Empathy

Reading and writing both rely on empathy, especially when it comes to being an effective workshop participant. When we read and write stories, we situate ourselves in the shoes of other people; when we read and write poetry, we let language navigate us through emotion.

The importance of creative writing relies on empathy. We practice empathy whenever we listen to another person’s life story, when someone tells us about their day, and when we sit down with a client or work partner. When we write, we practice the ability to listen as well as to speak, making us more effective communicators and more compassionate human beings.

5. Why Learn Creative Writing: It’s Fun!

In case you’re not convinced that a writing course is right for you, let’s clarify one more fact: creative writing is fun. Whether you’re in a fiction writing course, starting a memoir, crafting a poem, or writing for the silver screen, you’re creating new worlds and characters. In the sandbox of literature, you’re in control, and when you invest yourself into the craft of writing, something beautiful emerges.

The Importance of Creative Writing

Simply put, creative writing helps us preserve our humanity. What better medium to explore the human experience?

To learn creative writing, like any art form, requires compassion, contemplation, and curiosity. Writers preserve the world as they observe it in stories and poetry, and they imagine a better world by creating it in their works.

Through the decades, literature has explored society’s profound changes. Literary eons like the Naturalist movement and the Beat poets responded to the increase in Western Industrialization. Confessional poets like Virginia Woolf helped transform poetry into a medium for emotional exploration and excavation. And, genre movements like the cyberpunk writers of science fiction helped popularize the idea of an “information economy.”

Thus, the importance of creative writing lies in its ability to describe the world through an honest and unfiltered lens. Anyone who engages in creative writing, no matter the genre or style, helps us explore the human experience, share new ideas, and advocate for a better society. Whether you write your stories for yourself or share them with a wide audience, creative writing makes the world a better place.

Jobs for Creative Writers

Because creative writing isn’t a STEM discipline, many people don’t think that learning it will help their job prospects. Why learn creative writing if it doesn’t make any money?

In fact, nothing could be further from the truth. Creative writing skills are much sought after on resumes, since both creativity and the ability to write are soft skills in decline. Additionally, if you’re considering a career change—or ready to start one!—these are some popular jobs for creative writers.

• Average Starting Salary: $51,000
• Demand: High
• Skills needed: creativity, grammar, timeliness

Copywriters help companies put their branding into words. A copywriter might write emails, blogs, website content, or ad copy that encompasses the company’s voice and purpose. Copywriting requires you to write in a mix of styles and forms, flexing your writing muscles in new and exciting ways.

Grant Writer

• Average Starting Salary: $50,000
• Skills needed: storytelling, research, argumentation

Nonprofits and research facilities rely on local and national grants to fund their projects. Grant writers help secure that funding, writing engaging grants that tell the organization’s story in an engaging, tailored, and convincing way. Creative writers will enjoy the opportunity to tell a meaningful story and create positive community change through this career.

Communications/Public Relations Specialist

• Skills needed: creativity, communications, social media

A communications specialist helps drive a company’s image through various social channels. They may help create a positive narrative for their company through blogs, journalist outreach, social media, and other public-facing avenues. Much like copywriting, a PR specialist helps weave an effective story for a company.

• Average Starting Salary: $55,000
• Demand: Medium/High
• Skills needed: creativity, storytelling, organization, self-reliance

The dream job for many writers is to write and sell books. Being a novelist is an admirable career choice—and also requires the most work. Not only do you have to write your stories, but you also have to market yourself in the literary industry and maintain a social presence so that publishers and readers actually read your work. It’s a tough business, but also incredibly rewarding!

Reasons to Learn Creative Writing: Finding a Writing Community

Finally, creative writing communities make the writing struggle worth it. The relationships you foster with other creative writers can last a lifetime, as no other group of people has the same appreciation for the written word. Creative writing communities create transformative experiences and encourage growth in your writing; if there’s one reason to study creative writing craft, it’s the friendships you make in the process.

You don’t need a class to start writing, but it’s never a waste of time to learn the tools of the trade. Creative writing requires the skills that can help you in everyday life, and a creative writing course can help.

At Writers.com, we believe that creative writing can transform both individual lives and the world at large. See the importance of creative writing for yourself: check out what makes our creative writing courses different , then take a look at our upcoming course calendar today.

Sean Glatch

Would like to apply for a course to write a novel.

I’d be happy to help! Please email [email protected] with any questions, and we’ll find the right course for your writing.

[…] Sean. “Why Learn Creative Writing.” writers.com. June 7, 2020. https://writers.com/why-learn-creative-writing . Accessed November 7, […]

[…] And last of all it’s fun! I hope to live my life doing the things I love, with like-minded creative people who I love. I have many exciting things upcoming as I continue with the process of completing my first novel, Les Année Folles, such as publishing to my first magazine, journal, and working on the millions of short story ideas I have stored in my head. Stay tuned! References: Glatch, S. (2020, June 7). WHY LEARN CREATIVE WRITING? Retrieved from Writers.com: https://writers.com/why-learn-creative-writing […]

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Descriptive Writing: Definition, Tips, Examples, and Exercises

Descriptive writing is about using the power of words to arouse the imagination, capture the attention, and create a lasting impact in the mind of the reader. In this article, you'll learn how to employ descriptive elements in your writing, tips to enhance your descriptive writing skills, and some exercises to better yourself at it.

Descriptive writing is about using the power of words to arouse the imagination, capture the attention, and create a lasting impact in the mind of the reader. In this article, you’ll learn how to employ descriptive elements in your writing, tips to enhance your descriptive writing skills, and some exercises to better yourself at it.

Read the two sentences given below:

• I felt tired at work today.
• As the day wore on at work, I felt a cramp beginning to form at the nape of my neck, my eyes began to feel droopy, and the computer screen in front of me began blurring.

Which one of the two do you find more interesting to read? Most definitely the second one. This is because, while the first sentence merely tells you directly that ‘you felt tired at work today’, the second one explains the same experience in a much more vivid and relatable manner.

From this you can see that even something as simple as the above sentence can be transformed using literary devices that aid visualization, into something that someone can relate to. This is what descriptive writing is all about: heightening the sense of perception and alluring your reader to read ahead, because you have so much more to say.

Good Examples of Descriptive Writing

Given below are a couple of good pieces of descriptive writing from authors who know their business.

‘But the door slid slowly open before Lupin could reach it. Standing in the doorway, illuminated by the shivering flames in Lupin’s hand, was a cloaked figure that towered to the ceiling. Its face was completely hidden beneath its hood. Harry’s eyes darted downwards, and what he saw made his stomach contract. There was a hand protruding from the cloak and it was glistening, greyish, slimy-looking and scabbed, like something dead that had decayed in water…’ – Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban by J.K. Rowling

‘I don’t know what I’d expected but it was something different than I saw. She looked unexpectedly young. Or, I suppose said better, she looked unexpectedly “not old”. Her hair, which was completely white, had a yellowish cast that could almost have been mistaken for a pale blond, and it was loose around her shoulders. And long. Longer than mine. No doubt she normally wore it pulled up in a bun, and such a style would have given her a more predictable little-old-lady look, but the way it was here now, parted on the side – long, loose, and straight – she seemed ageless as an ancient sculpture. This sense was enhanced by her skin. Though it had the fragile crepeyness of age, she had few wrinkles, especially across her forehead, which was smooth to a point of being almost waxy looking. She was of obvious northern Germanic heritage, with pale eyes and prominent features. Although she was not overweight, her bones were big and blunt, giving the impression of a tall, sturdy woman.’ – Twilight Children by Torey Hayden

Why be Descriptive While Writing?

• The purpose of descriptive writing is to inspire imagination. When you put your mind into making a piece of writing more descriptive, you automatically begin to pay attention to detail and refine your perception about things. You begin to imagine them as much more than, say a  party hat or a hard-bound book . You begin to look at them as a tall, pink, pointed paper hat with tassels , and a book that had a gleaming golden spine, and weighed a few good pounds .
• The next, and probably the most important benefit of descriptive writing is that in the process of trying to make the reader visualize what you want to say, you tend to use more interesting words. You want to convey a mental picture to your reader. So you’re bound to use words that might be unconventional or less-used. You will want to find words that exactly describe what you want to say, and will look for different words that mean the same. This will help you suitably build your vocabulary.
• The success of descriptive writing lies in the details. The more detailed your depiction of a plot or a character or a place is, the more you engross your reader. You become a keen observer and minder of details. You pay attention to the tiniest bits of information and appearance, which in turn helps you transfer the details into your writing.
• Since you have picked something to describe and have observed all its details, you are sure to understand the subject better. You may even come across bits and pieces that you may have missed the first time you looked at the object/subject in question. Thoroughly understanding what you’re going to write about is exceedingly important to the process of writing about it.

Tips you Can Use Identify what you’re about to describe

As you start with descriptive writing, identify exactly what you are setting out to describe. Usually, a descriptive piece will include the depiction of a person, a place, an experience, a situation, and the like. Anything that you experience or perceive about your subject can be the focal point of your descriptive writing. You build a backdrop by identifying an aspect of a subject that you want to describe.

Decide why you’re describing that particular aspect

While it can be a wonderful creative exercise to simply describe anything you observe, in descriptive writing, there is often a specific reason to describe whatever you have set out to describe. Tapping this reason can help you keep the description focused and infuse your language with the particular emotion or perspective that you want to convey to your readers.

Maintain a proper chronology/sequence Sometimes, you may get so caught up in making your work colorful and creative that you may end up having a mash-up of descriptions that follow no particular order. This will render the effort of writing useless as the various descriptions will simply confuse the reader. For instance, if you want to describe characters in a particular situation, begin by describing the setting, then proceed to the most important character of that particular situation, and then to the least important one (if necessary).

Use Imagery Imagery is the best tool you can employ in descriptive writing. Since you cannot show your reader what you are imagining, you need to paint a picture with words. You need to make the depiction of your imagination so potent that your reader will instantly be able to visualize what you are describing. However, don’t go overboard. Make sure that the focus does not dwindle stray. Keep your descriptions specific to the subject in question. The writing must be able to draw in the reader; hence, the writer should say things that the reader can relate to or empathize with. An introductory backdrop can often provide an effective setting for the remaining part of the piece. Great descriptive writing has the ability to lure the reader, enticing him or her to continue reading right to the end. While giving the details is important, it is how they are presented that makes the difference.

Hone the senses One of the most effective ways to make the experience you are describing vivid for your reader is to use the five senses: smell, sight, sound, taste, and touch. When the descriptions are focused on the senses, you provide specific and vivid details in such a way that it shows your reader what you are describing. So, when you describe a subject, depict it in such a manner that it involves the reader’s possible sensory interpretations. It must make the reader imagine what he would see, hear, smell, taste, or feel when he reads what you have written.

She gently squeezed the juice out of the plump, red tomato. She blended this juice into the simmering mix of golden-brown onions and garlic in the pan, and watched as they melded into each other. She then added the spice mixture that she had prepared, and the air was permeated with a mouth-watering aroma.

Use strong nouns and verbs effectively, adjectives intelligently It is true that the purpose of adjectives is to describe a subject, but overuse of adjectives in descriptive writing can render the piece shallow and hollow. Hence, make it a point to use other parts of speech to express the same sentiment. You’ll be surprised how effectively nouns, verbs and adverbs can be used to describe something, sometimes even better than adjectives alone. For instance, look at the two sentences below.

• The flowers were as fresh as the morning dew.
• The flowers had a freshness that could only equal that of the glistening morning dew.

The first sentence has used an adjective (fresh)  to describe the flowers. It is a good description too, because the comparison to morning dew is something that will immediately put the reader in the sense of mind that you want. The second sentence too has compared the freshness to morning dew, but has used a noun (freshness) and a verb (equal)  to do so, and in the process has probably enticed the reader to continue reading, more than the first sentence.

Pick related words Before you actually begin writing, it is always a good idea to build a word bank of related words and ideas. For instance, if you are going to be describing a flower arrangement, you could jot down a few ideas before you start describing it, like: vase, color, types of flowers, leaves, stem, style, shape, fresh, etc. Once you have these basic words, you could start descriptive sentences for each one. Then, carry on from there.

Display passion Impact is what you’re looking to create in the minds of your readers. You want your readers to relate and empathize with what you’re writing. This will be close to impossible if your work does not reflect the passion that you feel for it. Make them feel what you feel with the words you write. Language that relates to powerful emotions such as love, hatred, admiration, disgust, etc., can convey the range and intensity of the sentiment that you are trying to express. Use them to your favor and get the desired effect.

Exercises to Enhance Descriptive Writing

Given below are some simple, yet effective exercises that you can use to better yourself at descriptive writing.

Exercise 1 Decide on an everyday action, say ‘making a pot of coffee’ and write about it in a descriptive manner. Give yourself 3 words that you’re not allowed to use while writing about it. You’ll see yourself reaching for the thesaurus, which will help improve your vocabulary.

Exercise 2 Pick random objects like a hat, a burger, a chair, etc., and place them before you. Enlist the different names that these objects can be called. Describe each of the objects in sentences that have more than 15 words each. Be as imaginative as you can.

Get your ‘assignments’ read by an objective person to see if they can relate to and understand properly what you have tried to convey.

Make descriptive writing a rewarding experience, both for your reader and yourself. If you like what you write, chances are that your reader will too. As is evident, having a comprehensive vocabulary is the key to good descriptive writing. But mere vocabulary will fall short if your piece lacks passion, logic and interest. The trouble is that it can easily become an incoherent rambling of senses and emotions. To avoid that, present what you are writing about in a logical and organized sequence of thoughts, so that the reader comes away from it with a cogent sense of what you have attempted to describe.

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• April 29, 2024

What Is Creative Writing? Unleash Your Imagination

Julia mccoy.

Creator and Co-founder

You’ve always had a wild imagination, and now you’re ready to let it run free on the page. But what is creative writing exactly?

It’s more than just putting pen to paper or fingers to keyboard. Think of creative writing as your magic power – it transforms abstract ideas into vivid narratives that connect heart-to-heart with people.

Crafting tales, spinning poems, or unfolding novels – they’re all ways for writers like us to bare our souls and offer up our unique takes on life’s canvas. This approach lets us dig into the depths of being human, stirring up emotions and leaving an unforgettable impression on people.

Table Of Contents:

What is creative writing, forms of creative writing, techniques used in creative writing, how to start creative writing, developing your creative writing skills.

Creative writing is an art form that goes beyond traditional blog writing , allowing individuals to express their thoughts, emotions, and ideas through the power of words.

It transcends conventional writing, encouraging individuals to explore language, structure, and narrative.

Creative writing is writing meant to evoke emotion in a reader by communicating a theme.

In storytelling (including literature, movies, graphic novels, and even video games), the theme is the central meaning the work communicates.

Creative writing typically uses literary devices like metaphors and foreshadowing to build a narrative and express the theme, but they are not a requirement.

Neither is dialogue, though you’ll find it used in most works of fiction.

It doesn’t just focus on more traditional, technical forms of writing, like journalistic and academic styles, but instead displays imagination and invention.

Creative writing comes in many forms, encompassing a range of genres and styles.

There are lots of different types of creative writing, which can be categorized as fiction or non-fiction.

Creative writing offers writers a platform to express themselves and focus on areas like character development, narrative, and storylines.

Some of the most popular forms of fiction writing include short stories, novels, novellas, etc.

Creative writing doesn’t have to be fictional, either. Dramatized presentations of true stories, memoirs, and observational humor pieces are all types of creative writing.

Creative nonfiction encompasses a wide range of forms, including personal essays, biographies, and more.

Whether it’s a heartfelt poem, a captivating short story, or a thought-provoking novel, creative writing allows us to communicate our unique perspectives and experiences with the world.

Poetry and spoken word are powerful forms of creative expression that play with language, rhythm, and imagery.

Playwriting

Playwriting is a form of creative writing focused on crafting scripts intended for performance on stage. It involves creating dialogue, characters, settings, and plots that unfold through spoken words and actions.

Unlike other forms of writing, playwriting requires consideration for the visual and auditory aspects of storytelling, as it is meant to be performed live in front of an audience.

Playwriting offers a unique opportunity for writers to engage with audiences in a dynamic and immediate way. It requires a blend of creativity, craft, and understanding of theatrical conventions to create compelling stories that resonate with viewers.

Scriptwriting

Scriptwriting, often referred to simply as “screenwriting,” is the art and craft of writing scripts for films, television shows, web series, and other visual media.

While similar to playwriting in some aspects, such as crafting dialogue and developing characters, scriptwriting has its own distinct characteristics and requirements tailored to the screen.

Scriptwriting is a specialized form of creative writing that combines storytelling skills with an understanding of the unique requirements of visual media. It offers writers the opportunity to craft compelling narratives that entertain, inspire, and provoke thought on both the big and small screen.

Image Source: Your Dictionary

Creative writers employ a variety of techniques to make their work more engaging, evocative, and memorable.

These writing techniques help to develop characters, create vivid settings, and convey emotions and ideas effectively.

Descriptive Language

Descriptive language refers to the use of vivid and detailed language to create rich and sensory experiences for the reader. It involves painting a picture with words, engaging the reader’s senses, emotions, and imagination to bring the narrative to life.

Descriptive language is a powerful tool in creative writing, enabling writers to create immersive and engaging narratives that resonate with readers long after they’ve finished reading.

Figurative Language

Figurative language involves the use of words and phrases in a way that goes beyond their literal meaning. It adds layers of meaning and depth to creative writing, allowing writers to convey complex emotions, create vivid imagery, and engage readers on a deeper level.

Figurative language is an essential tool for crafting compelling stories, poems, and other forms of literature.

Point of View

Choosing the right point of view is crucial in creative writing, as it determines the perspective from which the story is told.

Whether it’s first-person, second-person, or third-person, the point of view can greatly impact the reader’s connection to the characters and their understanding of the narrative.

Dialogue is a key element in many forms of creative writing, particularly in fiction and scriptwriting.

Well-crafted dialogue can reveal character traits, advance the plot, and create a sense of authenticity and realism in the story.

Show vs. Tell

One of the most important techniques in creative writing is “showing” rather than “telling.”

Instead of simply stating facts or describing events, skilled writers use vivid descriptions, actions, and dialogue to allow readers to experience the story for themselves.

So you want to start a career in creative writing? That’s awesome. But where do you even begin?

I remember when I first started, I was overwhelmed with all the different techniques and styles. It felt like I was staring at a blank page, waiting for the words to magically appear.

But here’s the thing: starting is the hardest part. Once you get those creative juices flowing, the rest will follow.

Freewriting

One of my favorite ways to start writing is through freewriting. It’s a technique where you set a timer for a specific amount of time (I usually do 10-15 minutes) and just write whatever comes to mind, without stopping to edit or second-guess yourself.

The goal is to keep your pen moving (or your fingers typing) and let your thoughts flow freely. You might be surprised at what comes out.

Another great way to start creative writing is through journaling. I’ve been keeping a journal for years, and it’s been a game-changer for my writing. It allows me to explore my thoughts and feelings and often leads to new ideas for stories or characters.

Plus, it’s a great way to practice writing regularly and build that writing muscle.

“Journal writing is a voyage to the interior.” – Christina Baldwin

Writing Exercises

If you’re feeling stuck or need a little extra inspiration, writing exercises can be a great way to get those creative juices flowing. There are tons of writing prompts out there that can help you start writing, whether it’s a character sketch, a scene description, or a dialogue exchange. The key is to have fun with it and not put too much pressure on yourself.

Stuck staring at a blank paper or screen? Check out these tips on how to overcome writer’s block .

Read Widely

One of the best ways to improve your creative writing is to read widely. Read books in different genres, from different authors, and different periods.

Pay attention to how they craft their stories, develop their characters, and use language to create mood and tone. The more you read, the more tools you’ll have in your writing toolbox.

Attend Workshops

Finally, attending writing workshops or classes can be a great way to start creative writing. Not only will you learn new techniques and get feedback on your work, but you’ll also meet other writers who are on the same journey as you.

Writing can be a solitary pursuit, but having a community of fellow writers can make all the difference.

Okay, so you’ve started writing – congrats. But now what? How do you take your writing to the next level and really develop your skills?

As someone who’s been writing for years, I’ve learned a thing or two about what it takes to improve your craft.

Practice Regularly

First and foremost, the key to developing your creative writing skills is to practice regularly.

I know, I know – easier said than done.

But here’s the thing: writing is a muscle, and like any muscle, it needs to be exercised regularly to grow stronger.

Set aside time each day (even if it’s just 15-30 minutes) to write, and stick to it. The more you write, the better you’ll get.

The best way to become a better writer? Write. A lot. And then write some more. — J.K. Rowling

Seek Feedback

Another important aspect of developing your creative writing skills is seeking feedback. Share your work with other writers, whether it’s through a writing group, workshop, or online forum.

Getting constructive criticism can be tough, but it’s essential for growth. Listen to what others have to say, and use their feedback to improve your writing.

Revise and Edit

Once you’ve gotten feedback on your work, it’s time to revise and edit. This is where the real magic happens.

Go through your written work with a fine-toothed comb, looking for ways to tighten your prose, develop your characters, and strengthen your plot.

Don’t be afraid to cut or change things that aren’t working – remember, writing is a process, and it’s okay to make mistakes along the way.

Experiment with Different Styles

As you develop your creative writing skills, don’t be afraid to experiment with different styles and genres.

Try writing a poem, a screenplay, or a personal essay. Play with different points of view, tenses, and structures.

The more you experiment, the more you’ll discover what works for you and what doesn’t.

Find Your Voice

Finally, the most important thing you can do to develop your creative writing skills is to find your voice. This means discovering what makes your writing unique and what sets you apart from other writers. It might take time and a lot of experimentation, but once you find your voice, your writing will truly shine.

So there you have it – my top tips for developing your creative writing skills. Remember, writing is a journey, not a destination. Keep practicing, keep learning, and most importantly, keep writing. With time and dedication, you’ll be amazed at how far you can go.

Creative writing is a powerful tool for self-expression and connecting with others. Learning every trick in the book about this art form allows you to broadcast your distinct flair and viewpoint far and wide.

Remember, creative writing is a journey of exploration and discovery. Don’t be afraid to experiment, take risks, and let your imagination run wild. With practice and dedication, you can unleash your full potential as a writer and create stories that resonate with readers on a profound level.

So grab your pen or fire up your keyboard. There’s a story inside you, just waiting to jump out.

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Art as a Path to Emotion

Art, one's own or another's, is emotionally and psychologically healing..

Posted August 12, 2020 | Reviewed by Ekua Hagan

Our recent posts have addressed the importance of getting in touch with one’s feelings and communicating these to selected confidantes. What is ever clear, however, is the great effort such openness requires of those of us skilled at keeping our emotional lives under control. In these cases, we aren’t interested in knowing what feelings reside beneath our awareness; we work hard to keep them from awareness; in fact, we construct lives/personas that have little resemblance to the person we are emotionally. For some, emotions are virtually non-existent — except on call.

But such inhibition requires great effort and stresses the mind and body. Problems erupt. Health problems: psychological and/or physical. Our doctors tell us to reduce the stress in our lives. Sports, relaxation, time with family, reduced work hours are all ways of doing this. But until we release the forbidden feeling that the stress is generating, these other efforts are rendered far less successful.

Towards that end, art offers a powerful tool for accessing feelings—be they unconscious or just beneath the surface.

All arts do that.

I come to you today wearing four hats—psychologist, poet, publisher, and patient — all of which inform my belief in the importance of the arts in wellness. Psychological research unequivocally supports this connection: documenting the effectiveness of art in reducing the stress, anxiety , depression , even pain, associated with physical and/or psychological illness, in particular, but life in general as well. So involvement with art is important to all of us.

The reason that art is healing is simple: It helps people get in touch with and express feelings that might otherwise remain buried or ignored. There’s a long roster of feelings that we’re "told," either explicitly or implicitly, not to feel. That is in addition to our natural resistances, which are fed from early life by parents and authority figures. Society is equally powerful; for example, certain religious and spiritual affiliations chastise us for the feelings we have, as if it's a sin to be angry, envious , greedy, self-involved, or proud. We’ve so introjected these principles that at all costs, we don’t want to see them in ourselves. We aim to be a better person than one who is.

The problem is intensified for the ill and their caregivers: the population I want to spotlight in today’s post. Doctors and caregivers also inhibit what we feel. They warn us that attending to painful (often referred to as "negative") feelings is to inhibit treatment/cure — despite the fact that psychology teaches us that repressed or suppressed feelings of anger , depression, loss of control, isolation, fear , and anxiety intensify over time, become toxic and interfere with health, treatment, and cure. On the other hand, when expressed, their intensity is reduced, and healing is enhanced.

In my work with cancer patients, I’ve been struck by how stridently they‘re instructed to "stay positive!" As in, deny all but "positive" feelings regarding their illness. Avoid fear, anxiety, anger; focus on hope, faith, acceptance; believe in prayer, doctors, medicine. On the other hand, physicians and medical staff too are encouraged to suppress their conflicted feelings about illness and patients; as a result, many hide out, focusing on tests and symptoms rather than the person. Clearly, no one would argue that it is important for the patient to remain positive, but the road to hope is paved by first addressing the reality of its opposite. Art helps us do that.

And there is hope! Despite the fact that significant strides towards more humanistic care are being made in the medical community, specifically the emergence of narrative medicine, which focuses on the whole person rather than simply the disease, medicine’s/society’s prevailing focus on suppressing painful feelings is that these feelings do not disappear. They’re simply unattended to and unspoken. Even for the most defended, they hover at the edge of consciousness — intensifying the more we try to negate/ignore them.

The fact is that illness is painful, physically, and emotionally — and unattended pain increases with neglect. One of the greatest of these is loneliness — the person "in solitary confinement" tortured, terrified by what is happening to his/her body. As has been discussed in an earlier post, the compassionate listener (doctor, partner, family, friend) can lighten that burden such that the person gains renewed strength to continue fighting. They know that they are understood. They are no longer alone with their terrors. That sharing/unburdening in turn helps to lift their spirits. No longer imprisoned, the terror is released and reduced (albeit temporarily).

Not only do we need permission from our loved ones and our doctors to feel what we feel, but we also need help — using techniques and interests that will help us to open up to those feelings. Art is one of the most substantial of these — be it active (making our own) involvement in art — music, painting, dance, photography, or creative writing. Likewise, research emphasizes its effectiveness where involvement is passive — specifically, involvement with art made by another, i.e. reading literature, listening to music, or viewing visual art and dance.

Art concerns itself with life—the underbelly of it, the glory. The beauty, the mess, the truth. It says what we cannot say. Art’s subject matter is emotion ; its purpose is expression. Thus, art communicates — artist to audience. While active involvement with making art involves creative expression of what one feels — consciously and unconsciously, so too participation in another’s experience helps us to access those feelings in ourselves.

Think of what you felt when you listened to your favorite piece of music. Did it bring you to tears? Make you feel sad or happy? Were you transported to another place — perhaps more peaceful and serene? How did you feel when you read your last book and a character became ill/well/successful/frightened/anxious? The likelihood is that you felt that as well. You were involved with your characters (friends eventually) to the extent that you were happy for them, sad, frightened. You were feeling what they felt. You empathized.

What makes that possible is that artists dedicate their creative lives to the authentic expression of emotion, to the lived life. He/she reaches down into themselves to find that experience/feeling and express it, thereby communicating it to us, their audience. In so doing, he/she triggers that emotion in us. How fortunate, then, to discover one’s own artistic gift; how fortunate to be visited by that of another.

Creative writing may well be the most expressive of the arts because it is the most direct and the least subject to interpretation. As such, its message is more directly communicated. Writers and readers alike need literary art to help them process their feelings about life in general, and specifically, illness.

Literary art, and poems in particular, name things for us. Sometimes they name what we feel—what we cannot express on our own. They tell us that we are not alone. But for the writer, writing carries greater risk. Unlike the musician, dancer, or visual artist who uses notes, movement, paint, and symbols to make their art, and as such, maintain some anonymity, the writer risks complete exposure because the tool he/she uses is a language which is common to all of us. To write openly then is to undress in public.

Consequently, to defend against the threat implicit in self-revelation, much of what is written about illness tends to be censored — resulting in work that is preachy, glib and cavalier, or stoic and devoid of the emotional pain that naturally accompanies serious illness. In keeping with our mission to serve art and community and to bring poetry to the underserved, the press I founded identified yet another underserved community —the ill — and another category of book that we wanted to publish, specifically those that dealt openly and honestly with the profound psychological, emotional, and physical issues connected to illness.

But it was not enough for us to reach the ill and caregivers. We needed to reach the medical community as well. For us to make a difference in the lives of patients, we needed to educate doctors (and medical students) also. Given our commitment to publish work that focuses on the emotional and psychological terrain of everyday life and to bring it to wider/underserved populations, our books about illness are grounded in the belief that literature provides, and is a powerful window into the human psyche and thereby a rich clinical/teaching tool in that they combine fine art with an honest revelation of the "lived" experience of illness and pain—presented in accessible language and syntax.

Literature exposes the underbelly of all life and death in ways that we are seldom privy to — even in a clinical setting. Yet it is just that understanding of human behavior and frailty that informs the most humane of us — be we doctors/teachers/artists/everyday human beings. More specifically, to understand physical and mental suffering, one must be aware of the internal emotional/psychological landscape that illness creates — in the patient, in the family, in caregivers, in doctors. Such understanding forms the bedrock of the most humanistic and enlightened minds.

In keeping with our commitment to bring poetry to underserved communities in places where they live, work, and receive services, we dreamed of placing books of poetry and other fine literature in hospital waiting rooms. Waiting, even for the most benign care, often produces anxiety and stress in patients and caregivers. To date, over 19,000 copies of the first two volumes of our waiting room reader have been gifted to over 150 hospitals nationally. The response has been overwhelmingly positive. Patients and medical staff agree that the books significantly enhance patient care.

Lately, I catch myself dreaming of Volume III.

Note to Reader: As a licensed psychologist, I strictly adhere to the ethics of confidentiality; therefore, I do not use/make reference to any patient/client information in the pieces I write. The only data I use to explore these psychological issues is my own.

Joan Cusack Handler, Ph.D., is a poet, memoirist, and psychologist. Her widely published poems have won five Pushcart nominations.

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What Freud Said About Writing Fiction

"The creative writer does the same as the child at play," and other quips

• Scientific Mysteries, Illustrated
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"Writing is a little door," Susan Sontag wrote in her diary . "Some fantasies, like big pieces of furniture, won't come through."

Sigmund Freud—key figure in the making of consumer culture , deft architect of his own myth , modern plaything —spent a fair amount of his career exploring the psychology of dreams . In 1908, he turned to the intersection of fantasies and creativity, and penned a short essay titled "Creative Writers and Day-Dreaming," eventually republished in the anthology The Freud Reader ( public library ). Though his theories have been the subject of much controversy and subsequent revision, they remain a fascinating formative framework for much of the modern understanding of the psyche.

Predictably, Freud begins by tracing the subject matter to its roots in childhood, stressing, as Anaïs Nin eloquently did—herself trained in psychoanalysis—the importance of emotional investment in creative writing :

Should we not look for the first traces of imaginative activity as early as in childhood? The child's best-loved and most intense occupation is with his play or games. Might we not say that every child at play behaves like a creative writer, in that he creates a world of his own, or, rather, rearranges the things of his world in a new way which pleases him? It would be wrong to think he does not take that world seriously; on the contrary, he takes his play very seriously and he expends large amounts of emotion on it. The opposite of play is not what is serious but what is real. In spite of all the emotion with which he cathects his world of play, the child distinguishes it quite well from reality; and he likes to link his imagined objects and situations to the tangible and visible things of the real world. This linking is all that differentiates the child's 'play' from 'phantasying.' The creative writer does the same as the child at play. He creates a world of phantasy which he takes very seriously—that is, which he invests with large amounts of emotion—while separating it sharply from reality.

He then considers, as Henry Miller did in his famous creative routine three decades later, the time scales of the creative process:

The relation of phantasy to time is in general very important. We may say that it hovers, as it ware, between three times—the three moments of time which our ideation involves. Mental work is linked to some current impression, some provoking occasion in the present which has been able to arouse one of the subject's major wishes. From here it harks back to a memory of an earlier experience (usually an infantile one) in which this wish was fulfilled; and now it creates a situation relating to the future which represents the fulfillment of the wish. What it thus creates is a day-dream or phantasy, which carries about it traces of its origin from the occasion which provoked it and from the memory. Thus, past, present and future are strung together, as it were, on the thread of the wish that runs through them.

He synthesizes the parallel between creative writing and play:

[A] piece of creative writing, like a day-dream, is a continuation of, and a substitute for, what was once the play of childhood.

He goes on to explore the secretive nature of our daydreams, suggesting that an element of shame keeps us from sharing them with others—perhaps what Jack Kerouac meant when he listed the unspeakable visions of the individual as one of his iconic beliefs and techniques for prose —and considers how the creative writer transcends that to achieve pleasure in the disclosure of these fantasies:

How the writer accomplishes this is his innermost secret; the essential ars poetica lies in the technique of overcoming the feeling of repulsion in us which is undoubtedly connected with the barriers that rise between each single ego and the others. We can guess two of the methods used by this technique. The writer softens the character of his egoistic day-dreams by altering and disguising it, and he bribes us by the purely formal—that is, aesthetic—yield of pleasure which he offers us in the presentation of his phantasies. We give the name of an incentive bonus , or a fore-pleasure , to a yield of pleasure such as this, which is offered to us so as to make possible the release of still greater pleasure arising from deeper psychical sources. In my opinion, all the aesthetic pleasure which a creative writer affords us has the character of a fore-pleasure of this kind, and our actual enjoyment of an imaginative work proceeds from a liberation of tensions in our minds. It may even be that not a little of this effect is due to the writer's enabling us thenceforward to enjoy our own day-dreams without self-reproach or shame.

For more famous insights on writing, see Kurt Vonnegut's 8 rules for a great story , David Ogilvy's 10 no-bullshit tips , Henry Miller's 11 commandments , Jack Kerouac's 30 beliefs and techniques , John Steinbeck's six pointers , and Susan Sontag's synthesized learnings .

This post also appears on Brain Pickings , an Atlantic partner site.

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

How does emotion influence the creativity evaluation of exogenous alternative ideas?

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: [email protected]

Affiliations Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Villa Griffone, Sasso Marconi, Italy

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

• Serena Mastria, 
• Sergio Agnoli, 
• Giovanni Emanuele Corazza

• Published: July 5, 2019
• https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219298
• Reader Comments

The interaction of emotions with creative cognition is one of the most intriguing topics in the creativity research. In this study, we investigated the extent to which various emotional states influence the evaluation of ideas, which is a crucial component of the creative thinking process. To this end, we used emotional (both positive and negative) and neutral pictures to induce emotional states and then asked participants to evaluate the creativity of exogenous ideas (i.e., those generated by other people) as part of an alternative use evaluation task. As the results of previous studies suggest the existence of a negative bias when judging highly creative ideas, we presented the participants with non-creative, moderately creative, and highly creative uses for everyday objects. Overall, the participants gave higher creativity ratings when under positive emotional engagement than when in negative or neutral conditions. Moreover, neutral and emotional context differently moderated the creativity evaluation of the three object use categories. Specifically, participants gave higher ratings for non-creative uses, and (to a lesser extent) for highly creative uses when in a positive emotional state, than they did when in the neutral condition. On the other hand, when in a negative emotional state, the participants gave lower ratings for moderately creative uses than they did in either the positive or neutral conditions. These data provide initial evidence that emotional states can influence the creativity evaluation of exogenous alternative ideas that are generated through divergent thinking.

Citation: Mastria S, Agnoli S, Corazza GE (2019) How does emotion influence the creativity evaluation of exogenous alternative ideas? PLoS ONE 14(7): e0219298. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219298

Editor: Hedwig Eisenbarth, Victoria University of Wellington, NEW ZEALAND

Received: February 15, 2019; Accepted: June 18, 2019; Published: July 5, 2019

Copyright: © 2019 Mastria et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Data Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Introduction

A growing body of research is concerned with the relationship between cognition and emotion. Researchers have formulated many models to unravel the nature of this relationship [ 1 – 4 ]. For instance, some have attempted to understand the extent to which the cognitive evaluation of environmental events can trigger affective reactions [ 5 – 9 ]. Among cognitive processes, creative cognition involves specific cognitive abilities and is one of the most complex ensembles of mental functions [ 10 ]. To ensure survival, personal growth, and professional success, people need to adapt to environmental changes by adopting new problem-solving strategies, by generating potentially novel/original and appropriate/effective ideas, and by evaluating and implementing new products or solutions [ 11 – 17 ]. The role of emotion on creative cognition is critical and emerging as topic in the research on creativity [ 18 , 19 ], as everyday emotional states can influence ideas that come to mind, and thereby influence the decision that rely on those ideas [ 20 – 22 ].

Several researchers have investigated the emotion-creativity relationship by using a broad range of induction procedures (e.g., emotional imagery, affective stimuli, or a combination of emotionally stimulating materials) to engage participants in the intended affective states, using various measures of creativity (see [ 23 ] for a meta-analysis). The results from some of these studies reveal that positive affective states, as compared to neutral conditions, enhance performance in divergent thinking (i.e., fluency, originality, flexibility), categorization (i.e., cognitive flexibility), remote associates test, and insight problem-solving tasks, as individuals tend to make richer associations between knowledge frames when in a positive affective state than when in a neutral state [ 20 , 24 – 28 ]. On the other hand, some contradictory results exist regarding the role that negative emotional states play in creative thinking. Some researchers have found no difference between the negative and neutral conditions, and others have found negative affective states to have only a slightly detrimental influence on creativity, as compared to the neutral states [ 29 – 31 ]. In fact, some researchers have found that negative states can actually lead to stronger creative performance, as compared to neutral states [ 32 , 33 ]. A similar contradictory view of the emotion-creativity link has also emerged in direct comparisons of the positive and negative affective states: whereas some studies displayed that positive affective states promoted creativity, as compared to negative states [ 24 , 26 ], others showed the opposite effect [ 34 – 36 ]. Further studies suggested that it is the intensity of the emotional experience measured with both positive and negative high-arousal emotional states than can facilitate creativity, as compared to low-arousal states ([ 35 , 37 ]; see [ 23 ] and [ 38 ] for reviews). In line with these findings, it has been shown that highly arousing situations (including negative ones such as creative frustration) can even booster creative performance in individuals with specific personality traits [ 39 ]. Although it is not still completely clear the extent to which positive and negative affective states facilitate or inhibit various facets of creativity–or how they do so–researchers are largely in agreement that emotion modulates the various components of creative thinking [ 19 ].

The lack of consistency in the literature is partly due to the multi-componential nature of the creative thinking process [ 40 , 41 ], which has been described as an ensemble of components whose interaction can lead to potentially original/novel and effective/appropriate products [ 13 , 42 , 43 ]. The strength and direction of the effects of emotions on creative performance may vary as a function of the type of creative components involved, as well as in relation to the methodology used to measure them [ 23 ]. When reduced in terms of complexity, creative thinking can be described as the result of various processes. According to the dual-process models [ 40 , 41 ], in particular, the two main components of creative thinking are generation and evaluation [ 44 – 48 ]. This view is consistent with the empirical results, which show that the abilities of generation and evaluation are relatively independent [ 49 ].

In this study, we specifically focused on how the evaluation of ideas is connected to emotions. Technically, the evaluation of a creative idea requires the extraction of non-obvious values, which can then be translated into a creativity score [ 50 , 51 ], using more or less rigorous approaches [ 40 , 52 – 55 ]. The evaluation of ideas can be measured as a general evaluative ability [ 56 – 58 ], which extends beyond evaluations of one’s own ideas [ 59 ]. Indeed, the evaluation of creativity involves not only the assessment of one’s own (endogenous) ideas but also of others’ (exogenous) ideas [ 52 ]. As other researchers have done [ 59 – 61 ], we asked participants to evaluate a predefined set of exogenous ideas because the judgments of their own ideas could be biased ([ 52 , 59 ]; see also [ 62 ]).

Although researchers have dedicated extensive empirical work to how emotions affect the generation of ideas, they have scarcely examined the ways in which emotions affect evaluations of creativity. To our knowledge, researchers have explored emotion’s influence on the recognition of creativity in only two recent seminal studies [ 63 , 64 ]. These studies have specifically focused on uncertainty, which seems to facilitate negative attitudes or implicit bias against creativity [ 64 ]. The results of these studies also suggest the existence of ambivalent attitudes towards creative evaluation, as the participants who experienced low levels of uncertainty (e.g., anger and happiness) had positive attitudes towards creative evaluation, whereas the participants who experienced high uncertainty (e.g., fear) exhibited negative biases regarding the recognition of creativity [ 63 , 64 ]. However, in these studies, the researchers experimentally manipulated emotions by focusing on valence [ 63 ], rather than arousal.

In this study, we systematically explored how both positive and negative emotions (which we balanced in terms of arousal) affect the evaluation of exogenous ideas. We hypothesized, based on previous results, that individual’s emotional states would modulate their abilities to judge the creativity of exogenous ideas. We positioned this investigation within a theoretical framework in which creativity is viewed as a dynamic phenomenon, involving emotional states, socio-cultural effects, and complex, time-dependent system interactions [ 65 – 68 ]. More specifically, according to the dynamic definition of creativity [ 13 , 69 ], the evaluation of ideas that are generated as outcomes of a creative thinking process cannot be interpreted as an absolute judgment; rather, it is an exercise in estimation–an active interaction between the evaluator and the product–that is dependent on the evaluator’s emotional state [ 70 ]. A thorough understanding of the impact of emotional states of judges and of the interaction of these with the item to be assessed comes as a straightforward necessity. This work aims at providing a step forward in this direction.

The research problem

Our aim in this study is to investigate whether and to which extent the participants’ emotional experiences can modulate the creativity evaluation of exogenous ideas representing alternative uses for everyday objects. To this purpose, we induced positive, negative, and neutral emotional states in the participants through evocative pictures–controlling for the level of arousal–and contrasted each of the positive and negative conditions with the neutral condition. We embraced the widely accepted view adopted from the emotion-creativity research involving self-report and psychophysiological responses that emotional states can be differentiated in terms of their hedonic tone (positive vs negative) and by the extent to which they arouse and activate (low vs . high, [ 71 – 73 ], see [ 74 ] for a meta-analysis). During emotional engagement, we asked the participants to perform the Alternative Use evaluation Task (AUeT), which involved viewing exogenous ideas involving uses for everyday objects. We had classified these uses as non-creative (NC; e.g., a bicycle as a means of transport), moderately creative (MC; e.g., a bicycle as a slide), and highly creative (HC; e.g., a bicycle as a chandelier). The participants evaluated these ideas’ creativity on a trial-by-trial basis (see [ 75 ] for a similar procedure).

Research question 1: Can emotions influence the evaluation of exogenous ideas?

In this study, we examined whether emotions impact the evaluation of others’ ideas. According to the creativity literature dedicated to emotions affecting diverse components of creative thinking, including idea generation and evaluation, some general predictions can be formulated. Assuming that positive emotional states inform individuals that their environments are benign, thus inducing risk-taking tendencies [ 76 , 77 ] and facilitating performance on diverse measures of creativity [ 78 , 79 ], then such positive emotions could also help recognizing the positive aspects of the ideas. Individuals in such positive states may thus be more inclined than those in neutral states to detect the quality of others’ ideas, which would result in higher scores in judgments of creativity. On the other hand, assuming that negative emotional states inform individuals that their environments are problematic, thus inducing risk aversion [ 80 ] and causing adverse effects in terms of creative fluency and flexibility (e.g., in ideation, [ 40 ]), then such negative emotions could also lead to more severe evaluations of ideas. Individuals in such negative states may thus be less inclined than those in neutral states to accept novel solutions and creative ideas, which would result in lower scores in judgments of creativity. It has been indeed demonstrated that individuals who experience negative states (e.g., fear) tend to produce lower creativity ratings because of implicit biases against creativity [ 63 , 64 ]. This view would be in line with the hedonic-tone hypothesis , which assumes that positive and negative states have differential influences on creativity: Positive emotional states should facilitate creative performance, and negative emotional states should inhibit it [ 28 , 81 ].

On the other hand, if highly arousing emotional states (both positive and negative) increase the participants’ overall capacity to perceive, process, and evaluate information, thus promoting innovative responses [ 38 , 82 – 84 ], then high arousal should facilitate more indulgent evaluations of ideas, as compared to low arousal (i.e., the neutral condition). In other words, individuals who experience high arousal are usually more inclined than those with low arousal to include new cognitive categories, combine information, and consider multiple novel alternatives [ 11 , 38 ], so they might also be more better able to detect value in new ideas and to thus overestimate those ideas’ creativity. This view would support the activating hypothesis , which claims that high arousal is associated to higher creativity than low arousal: According to this hypothesis, both positive and negative states facilitate performance on creativity tasks because of their activating nature [ 11 , 38 , 85 ].

Research question 2: Can emotions influence the evaluation of exogenous ideas differently at varying levels of idea creativity?

To examine the extent to which emotions influence the evaluation of others’ idea, we considered the relationship between the evaluator’s emotional experience and the nature of the object use (in terms of the creativity level), as expert raters had previously judged (as NC vs. MC vs. HC). Based on the results of previous studies, we also predicted a negative bias in judgments of creative ideas [ 63 , 64 ] according to the idea that greater novelty leads to greater uncertainty regarding whether an idea is reliably effective or workable [ 86 – 88 ]. This feeling of uncertainty seems to activate negative associations with creativity, which in turn can result in lower evaluations of creative ideas [ 64 ]. “Bias against creativity” might play a role in the idea evaluation process and this is more likely to occur in highly creative ideas when people experience an aversive state than positive or neutral state. Accordingly, we expected that NC ideas (i.e., those that are totally lacking in novelty) would be less sensitive than MC or HC to the negative emotional states. On the contrary, we expected that MC and HC ideas, due to their novelty, would be more sensitive to negative emotional states than to positive and neutral ones. All in all, testing these hypotheses provides further insight into the mechanisms underlying the influence of evaluators’ emotional experience on creativity judgments of others’ ideas as a function of the nature of the idea.

Ethics statement

The study conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Department of Psychology at the University of Bologna. We obtained written, informed consent from all participants.

Participants

We calculated the sample size that was necessary to achieve 95% power (which is required to detect an adequate effect) a-priori using G*power software, version 3.1 [ 89 ]. Based on f = 0.4 [ 90 ], this power calculation yielded a recommended sample size of 48 participants. We thus required 55 adult students from the University of Bologna (33 females, M age = 26.07, SD = 5.34) to participate in the study. All participants had normal or corrected-to-normal vision, and none of them reported current or past neurological or psychopathological problems. None of the participants had previous experience with the materials used in this experiment, and we paid each participant 10 euros as compensation.

Stimuli and apparatus

We presented the participants with images from a set of 252 colour pictures of natural scenes so as to induce positive, neutral or negative emotional states. We selected these images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS, [ 91 ]; see S1 File in the Supporting Information), as well as public-domain pictures from the Internet. The images’ contexts are positive (e.g., pictures of erotic or romantic couples), neutral (e.g., portraits or images of multiple people in an everyday context), or negative (e.g., photos of mutilated bodies or violence). We balanced these emotional categories and ensured that they did not differ in terms of arousal, based on the results of a previous psychophysiological study [ 92 ]. We uniformly allocated the picture exemplars such that there were 84 images in each of the positive, neutral, and negative categories. Each image subtended a visual angle of 10.2° (width) × 5.8° (height), at a constant viewing distance of 100 cm. We also balanced all pictures for contrast and brightness (0.1 and 0.6 on a linear scale from 0 to 1).

We derived this study’s AUeT stimulus materials from a database in a previous study [ 93 ], in which 40 participants generated 3720 uses for 20 objects during AUT. Two expert raters originally evaluated the creativity of these responses (inter-rater agreement Cohen's κ = 0.65) on a scale from 1 to 5 [ 54 , 94 ]. For the purpose of this study, we defined the three object-use categories in terms of creativity level (NC, MC, and HC), based on the judgement scale of Silvia et al. [ 95 ]. As a general rule, NC corresponds to a consensus assessment equal to 1, MC corresponds to 3, and HC corresponds to 5. However, the number of alternative uses associated with the highest score was very limited–corresponding to the 0,7% of all responses–because of the highly skewed distribution in creative production [ 96 ], ratings of 4 were included in the HC category to ensure an adequate number of stimuli in that category. It is worth highlighting that the uses with scores of 4 were above the 95th percentile in terms of overall creative production. Moreover, we used the following stimuli-selection criteria: the numbers of words in describing each object-use description and the number of uses for each object (at least seven) across the three levels of creativity. These criteria allowed us to control for the variability in the lengths of the object-use descriptions and in the number uses within each level. The final set of stimuli consisted of 252 uses (84 each for NC, MC, and HC), divided evenly among 12 objects. We presented each use to the participants in the verbal form (descriptor length M = 3.15 words, SD = 1.09) along with a corresponding colour image of the associated everyday object (1.89° horizontal × 1.89° vertical visual angle). We presented all visual stimuli on a 19-inch LCD monitor with1024 × 768 pixel resolution and a 60 Hz refresh rate, using a constant aspect ratio. Stimuli were presented electronically using the E-Prime 3.0 software [ 97 ], and behavioural responses were collected using a standard computer keyboard. Please refer to S2 File in the Supporting Information for the full list of AUeT stimuli (including uses and corresponding objects).

Experimental design and procedure

Upon their arrival, we informed the participants about the experimental procedures. After which, they signed consent forms. Before beginning the experiment, we conducted five practice trials to familiarize the participants with the experimental design. The participants then completed the AUeT [ 75 ]. In each trial, they saw a colour image of an object in the centre of the screen, paired with a verbal description of a use related to that object, (at the bottom of the picture of the object). We asked the participants to rate the creativity of each use on a 5-point-scale ranging from 1 ( not at all creative ) to 5 ( very creative ). Before they began the AUeT, we explicitly instructed the participants in the use of the rating scale and explained the criteria using the instructions for judging creativity described in Silvia et al. [ 95 ].

To induce different emotional states in participants during the object-use evaluation, we used IAPS pictures [ 91 ], as they originate from a well-controlled stimulus set that is frequently used in emotion research. Based on the overall ratings for valence and arousal of the affective space [ 98 ], the photographs of erotic scenes or romantic couples induced a pleasant affect (appetitive motivation), and images of mutilations or violent scenarios induced an unpleasant affect (defensive motivation) [ 99 ]. We explicitly told the participants that these pictures, which preceded the object presentation, were irrelevant to the task and thus should to be ignored. The experiment comprised 252 trials. We presented the IAPS images in six blocks of 42 pictures: two blocks each of positive, neutral, and negative pictures. We showed each stimulus category equivalently in the first and the second halves of the experiment, using two distinct orders, counterbalanced across participants. There was a 6-min pause between blocks. After each block, the participants rated their current emotional states by using the most common measure of the two-dimensional affective domain, i.e., the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS; [ 100 ], see also [ 71 , 98 , 101 – 106 ]).

Each block included an equal number of NC, MC, and HC uses for objects (14 trials per condition in each of the six blocks). We pseudo-randomized the order of the object uses, with the constraint that no object or use category could occur more than twice consecutively. As depicted in Fig 1 , in each trial, after a fixation cross appeared at the centre of the screen for 500 ms, a natural scene (from IAPS) was visible for 6000 ms. Then, after a blank screen (500 ms), a picture of an object and a verbal description of a proposed use were shown until the participant evaluated the creativity of that use using the 5-point scale by hitting the appropriate number on the keyboard. We provided no instructions regarding the response speed. We then provided a randomly set variable interval of 500 to 1500 ms before the start of the next trial.

• PPT PowerPoint slide
• PNG larger image
• TIFF original image

Example of trial structure in wich an IAPS image is presented before the AUeT.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219298.g001

Data analysis

In order to check the effect of EMOTIONAL CONTEXT (3 within-subjects levels: positive/appetitive, neutral, negative/aversive) on the participants’ affect self-assessments, two distinct generalized linear mixed models (AR1 covariance structure) were performed on the positive- and negative-affect PANAS dimensions, respectively. Robust error estimation was used to control for the effect of outliers [ 107 ].

Crucially for the research question that inspired this work, participant’s evaluation scores to noncreative, moderately creative, and highly creative object use categories were explored in a generalized linear mixed model (AR1 covariance structure), with robust error estimation, as a function of emotional context. A 3 (EMOTIONAL CONTEXT: positive, neutral, negative) X 3 (CREATIVITY LEVEL: NC, MC, and HC) within-subjects design was tested exploring main and interaction effects.

Manipulation check for the induction of emotion

The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the emotional induction on participants’ affect self-assessments. Significant differences emerged between the three induced emotional states (positive, neutral, and negative) on PANAS positive affect, F (2,162) = 11.57, p < 0.001, as well as on PANAS negative affect, F (2,162) = 28.07, p < 0.001. Specifically, the participants’ self-assessments of PANAS positive affect dimension were significantly more positive in the positive emotional condition than those in the neutral condition ( b = 0.19, t 324 = 3.317, p = 0.001, 95% CI = [0.077, 0.303]), or the negative emotional condition ( b = 0.28, t 324 = 4.703, p = 0.000, 95% CI = [0.162, 0.398]). On the other hand, the participants’ self-reports of PANAS negative affect dimension were significantly more negative in the negative emotional condition than those in the neutral condition ( b = - 0.59, t 324 = - 7.105, p = 0.000, 95% CI = [-0.760, -0.429]), or the positive emotional condition ( b = - 0.59, t 324 = - 7.487, p = 0.000, 95% CI = [-0.754, -0.439]).

Emotion’s effects on the evaluation of ideas

We observed two clear main effects. The first, an expected CREATIVITY LEVEL main effect, F (2,486) = 130.93, p < 0.001, indicated that participants evaluated the NC uses as less creative than both the MC ( b = - 1.90, t 486 = - 15.454, p = 0.000, 95% CI = [-2.142, -1.659]) and the HC ( b = - 2.04, t 486 = - 16.038, p = 0.000, 95% CI = [-2.290, -1.790]) uses. The ratings for MC uses were also lower than those for HC uses ( b = - 0.140, t 486 = - 6.547, p = 0.000, 95% CI = [-0.182, -0.098]; see Fig 2 ).

Average subjective ratings as a function of non-creative (NC), moderately creative (MC), and highly creative (HC) object uses. The error bars indicate 1 SEM.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219298.g002

The second main effect was of EMOTIONAL CONTEXT, F (2,486) = 12.13, p < 0.001, as the creativity scores were higher overall in the positive emotional context than in either the neutral ( b = 0.074, t 486 = 2.469, p = 0.014, 95% CI = [0.015, 0.133]) or negative ( b = 0.119, t 486 = 4.927, p = 0.000, 95% CI = [0.071, 0.166]) conditions: the latter two conditions did not differ significantly ( b = 0.044, t 486 = 1.607, p = 0.109, 95% CI = [-0.010, 0.099]; see the insert in Fig 3 ). Interestingly, we also observed a significant interaction between CREATIVITY LEVEL and EMOTIONAL CONTEXT, F (2,486) = 9.88, p < 0.001, which indicates that the influence of the emotional states changes as a function of the creativity level (see Fig 3 ).

Average subjective ratings as a function of the non-creative (NC), moderately creative (MC), and highly creative (HC) object use categories in the neutral, negative and positive emotional contexts. The insert shows the overall effect that neutral, negative, and positive emotional contexts have on evaluations of creativity. The error bars indicate 1 SEM.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219298.g003

Specifically, in evaluating NC uses, the positive emotional states enhanced the rating scores than either the neutral ( b = 0.121, t 486 = 3.058, p = 0.002, 95% CI = [0.043, 0.199]), or negative ( b = 0.074, t 486 = 2.289, p = 0.022, 95% CI = [0.010, 0.138]) conditions,; the latter two did not differ significantly ( b = -0.047, t 486 = -1.640, p = 0.102, 95% CI = [-0.104, 0.009]). In the evaluations of MC uses, however, the induction of a negative emotional context lead to lower ratings than either the neutral ( b = - 0.228, t 486 = - 4.297, p = 0.000, 95% CI = [-0.332, -0.124]) or the positive ( b = - 0.206, t 486 = - 4.031, p = 0.000, 95% CI = [-0.306, -0.106]), conditions; again the latter two did not differ significantly ( b = 0.022, t 486 = 0.423, p = 0.672, 95% CI = [-0.080, 0.125]). Finally, the evaluation scores for the HC uses showed significant differences between the positive and the neutral conditions ( b = 0.123, t 486 = 2.354, p = 0.019, 95% CI = [0.020, 0.226]), but not between either the positive and negative conditions ( b = 0.076, t 486 = 1.649, p = 0.100, 95% CI = [-0.015, -0.020]), or the neutral and negative conditions ( b = -0.047, t 486 = -0.658, p = 0.511, 95% CI = [-0.189, 0.094]).

As previously stated, a critical question in the research on creativity regards the extent to which emotions can affect the generative and evaluative components of creative thinking [ 40 – 44 ]. For this study, we considered the process of evaluating creativity as a general ability to evaluate exogenous ideas [ 56 – 58 ], independent from the ability to evaluate endogenous ideas [ 59 ]. The present study provided an initial exploration of the impact of emotions, as engaged by positive and negative visual stimuli, on creativity evaluation of exogenous ideas generated during an alternative use task (AUT). We used in particular an alternative use evaluation task (AUeT), by asking participants to evaluate ideas, which represented noncreative, moderately creative, or highly creative uses for everyday objects.

Results reveal that the participants who were in a positive state, as compared to those in a negative state or neutral (control) state, tended to be more indulgent when estimating the creativity of the ideas. These findings appear to be consistent with certain past findings on the relationship between moods and creativity, even if referred to standard indicators of creative ideation, problem-solving [ 26 , 76 , 108 ] and divergent thinking abilities [ 38 , 109 ]. Similarly, we observed that a positive emotional state, as compared to a negative or neutral state, facilitated evaluation ability. These findings are in line with the hedonic-tone hypothesis, according to which positive hedonic states, unlike negative or neutral ones, inform individuals about safety of the surrounding environment and thus are associated to tendencies towards over inclusion and loose conceptual boundaries [ 110 ]. Positive emotional states thereby promote individuals ‘exploration of novel ideas and creative solutions [ 78 , 79 ]. In the same way, we found that these tendencies influenced the creativity evaluations of alternative ideas, likely promoting individuals to extract more value during the positive-state assessments than during the negative or neutral state, thus increasing their scores.

In addition, we assessed the extent to which positive and negative emotional states affect the process of evaluating the creativity of ideas: to do so, we presented participants with various categories of object uses based on independent expert raters’ creativity ratings (as NC, MC, or HC). The results of our study partially support the prediction in which, as compared to NC uses, the evaluation of uses with varied creativity could be more sensitive to a negative emotional state more than to a positive or a neutral state, because of the feeling of uncertainty that people develop when evaluating creative ideas ([ 63 , 64 ]; see also [ 86 – 88 ]). More specifically, we found that, although positive emotional experiences led to higher creativity for NC uses, and to a lesser extent for HC ones, as compared to the neutral condition, negative emotional experiences led to lower creativity ratings for MC uses, as compared to both the positive and neutral conditions. Thus, we hypothesize that there are two directions of emotional influence on creativity judgements as a function of the uses’ creativity.

For NC and HC uses, our data support the aforementioned hedonic-tone hypothesis, in which positive feelings promote creativity performance, including in evaluation [ 20 , 24 – 28 , 111 , 112 ]. On the other hand, the data on MC uses appear to be in line with the prediction that a negative state, as compared to an positive or a neutral one, can lead to lower creativity ratings during experiences of novelty or uncertainty [86–88; 64]. In addition, these results are consistent with the general assumption that a negative affective state, which informs individuals that their situations are problematic, has an unfavourable impact on creative performance [ 29 – 31 , 113 ]. We interpret this effect on the MC use by considering the fact that, when faced with MC ideas–possibly characterized by some form of inappropriateness [ 59 ]–people may experience feelings of uncertainty about whether those idea are reliable functional, useful, faultless, or consistent. A negative emotional state thus could inhibit the extraction of favourable values from these ideas, resulting in lower scores for creativity [ 63 , 64 , 86 , 87 , 114 , 115 ]. Judging the quality of an idea in terms of appropriateness is indeed particularly difficult [ 49 , 116 ], as this measure is a key element that allows individuals to distinguish between novel (or inappropriate) and creative (or appropriate) ideas [ 59 ]. In other words, a negative emotional context, unlike a positive or neutral one, may lead individuals to underestimate the creativity of MC uses, as these uses are likely to contain more uncertainty and lesser appropriateness than NC or HC. It has been indeed suggested that appropriateness reduces uncertainty, thus allowing novel or inappropriate ideas to appear to be truly creative [ 117 ].

Despite these promising findings, caution needs to be exerted when drawing conclusions from them. In the creativity judgements for NC and HC uses, the positive emotional states increased the creativity ratings for both types of stimulus, thus confirming the hedonic-tone hypothesis. However, this effect was more easily interpretable in the case of NC ideas. Specifically, the creativity judgements of NC uses were higher during positive engagement than during either neutral or negative engagement. In the case of HC uses, we found instead that creativity judgements during positive engagement were greater then those during neutral engagement but did not differ from those during negative engagement. In this case, we could not rule out the activating hypothesis, according to which both positive and negative states facilitate evaluations of creativity, as compared to the neutral condition [ 35 , 37 , 38 ]. One methodological implication of these results involves investigating the evaluation of ideas using categories that vary based on creativity level. Because of these results seem to suggest the importance of appropriateness in the relationship between emotion and the evaluation od ideas, future researchers could employ idea categories that are balanced for both novelty/originality and appropriateness/effectiveness [ 59 , 118 – 120 ], in order to clarify the interaction between these dimensions and the evaluator’s emotional states.

Moreover, it may be interesting to explore the effect of emotion on evaluations of self-generated ideas. In this study, we asked the participants to judge ideas that others had generated, as measuring the judgement of individuals’ own ideas has serious methodological issues related to those individual’s bias regarding their own creative ability ([ 59 ]; see also [ 52 ]). However, the ability to assess one’s own ideas is also a critical skill in creative thinking [ 121 – 123 ]. Consequently, by using ad hoc experimental designs to overcome the aforementioned methodological issues, studies on how emotions impact the evaluation of endogenous ideas could provide important insights on the mechanisms underlying the selection of the most creative idea by the thinker from among a variety of alternatives that are generated during divergent thinking [ 70 , 124 ].

Conclusions

In summary, our findings provide an initial understanding of how the idea-evaluation process is moderated during affectively arousing situations. Specifically, we examined the extent to which emotional states influence the way people judge the creativity of ideas representing noncreative, moderately creative, and highly creative uses for everyday objects. Overall, results revealed that people produce higher creativity ratings when under positive emotional engagement than negative or neutral conditions. We found that, when considering the creativity level of an idea, participants gave more indulgent creativity ratings for NC and HC uses when in a positive emotional state; they underestimated MC uses when in a negative emotional state. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence that emotions impact people’s evaluations of creativity of exogenous alternative ideas that are generated through divergent thinking.

Supporting information

S1 file. iaps codes..

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219298.s001

S2 File. AUeT stimuli.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219298.s002

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to all participants who took part in the study.

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Learning and Development Partner

What makes Creative Writing different from other forms of writing?

Interested in writing but don’t know where to begin?

Anyone can be a Creative writer!

Sure, Creative Writing is a skill, and you have to practice it to get better at it. But for that, you first need to understand what Creative Writing is. The goal of a creative writer should be to leave the audience with the pleasure of an emotional experience. As well as search for meaning and depth to invoke emotions.

The majority of the writers are creative. You can pretend anything and can help the potential readers believe the same. If you have a story to share, which you do, share it. It may be as simple as sitting down with a blank paper and letting all your thoughts flow.

What is Creative Writing?

Creative writing is the ability to create where your imagination, creativity, and innovation are at the forefront. It tells a story through strong written visuals and creates an emotional impact. It makes you step out of reality and into a new realm of your imagination.

Creative writing uses senses and emotions to capture the reader’s mind, unlike other forms of writing, which has facts and information. Some examples of Creative Writing involve writing short stories, novels, poems, plays, blogs, non-fiction narratives, etc.

Creative writing doesn’t begin with the intellect. Rather it begins in the senses, where it creates images, stories, and feelings. And this kind of writing conveys and stirs emotions to arouse feelings in people.

Let us find out what Creative writing is and how it stands out from the others:

Creative writing and what makes it different from other forms of writing

Is Creative Writing different from other forms of writing?

Creative writing is art in its pure form. A major difference between Creative Writing and other kinds of writing is the use of language. It uses color, depth and is suggestive. It leaves the reader with factual information and language like other writing. But, at the same time is not just stating facts or information.

Creative writing involves a lot of creativity, much more than non-creative ones. Because it conveys information more powerfully. The intent of creative writing is not to inform the readers but to stir emotions.

Creative writing has a plot, a unique plot of some sort. In comparison, there could be or not be one for other forms of writing. Yes, remakes are considered creative writing, but they have their unique idea behind them.

Creative writing should have character when writing, unlike journalism, where you state plain facts on paper.

Creative writing always has an underlying message, even if the author did not intend for it. Other forms may not leave you with a theme or message.

Visual descriptions are part of creative writing. It keeps the audience connected with visuals and pictures in newspapers and magazines. Creative writing allows people to imagine themselves in the character’s shoes.

Creative writing has a dialogue to support the story. In contrast, non-creative writing can have dialogue like in interviews. But it is not used in the same way as the other.

All forms of writing need an audience, especially creative writing. Doesn’t matter what kind of audience, even if that audience is you!

Final thoughts:

If you want to write, don’t wait for the right mood to strike you.

At some point in our education, you will likely be faced with writing creative stuff. But, many people overlook that being a writer isn’t about how much you write. It is about challenging yourself as a writer and letting your thoughts flow. A good writer can turn any piece of writing into Creative Writing. Your writing should have an element of discovery and personal involvement in getting to the result.

Yet, if you relate to it, it is easy and enjoyable. It is not always easy, though. You suck when you start but keep getting better at it. Do you want to blog, write a page on social media or Twitter? Whatever that you want to do, start little by little, and you will get better.

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Emotion Expression in Modern Literary Appreciation: An Emotion-Based Analysis

1 Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China

2 Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Jinzhong, China

Associated Data

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the author, without undue reservation.

Modern literary appreciation seems to be reading literary works phenomenally. In fact, appreciation is not a general reading, which has an important difference from general reading. It is the identification and appreciation of literary works and a complex spiritual activity for people to feel, understand, and imagine literary and artistic works. At the same time, literary appreciation is also a cognitive activity, an aesthetic activity, and a re-creation activity.

In this paper, the machine learning algorithm was creatively used to classify the emotions of figures in modern literary works, to analyze the emotions of the figures that the writer wanted to depict in modern literary works.

Experimental results verify the accuracy of the emotion classification method through experiments, which is helpful for us to better understand the emotion expression in modern literary works.

Introduction: Common Perspectives on Appreciating Modern Literature

The appreciation and learning of modern literary works is a complicated and multifaceted process (Qin, 2018 ). It is mainly a re-creative imagination along with the track of the works' images and hints, imagining their state and fate according to the characters and scenes described in the works, and then reconstructing aesthetic images in the mind (Lian, 2014 ; Mak and Willems, 2019 ). It can be seen that the appreciation of modern literary works is internal, relying on a word to have a deep understanding of artistic images. In the process of appreciation of modern literary works, readers can better understand and feel the writer's thoughts and feelings and have a deeper reading experience (Magulod, 2018 ; Sunaryo, 2018 ).

The image of modern literary works mainly refers to the vivid and specific life picture created by literary works that can stimulate people's thoughts and emotions and usually refers to the figures portrayed by modern literary works and their spiritual outlook and personality characteristics (Suhendi, 2017 ; Li, 2018 ; Wen and Piao, 2022 ). The analysis of the characters in a literary work is essentially the appreciation of the image of literary works (Yandell, 2017 ). In the appreciation of modern literary works, on the one hand, we should pay attention to reveal the typical meaning of the figures, on the other hand, we should focus on analyzing the characteristics of the figures.

When appreciating modern literary works, we should pay attention to two problems. First, the image of works should be appreciated from the perspectives of words, actions, and forms of the characters in the works, rather than blindly labeling the characters or imposing on the characters what the characters do not have. Second, it is necessary to make an effective analysis of the personality of the characters in the works. Personality can be reflected not only in general terms but also in the details of the whole work. When appreciating the language of literary works, we should understand the image, typicality, and emotional characteristics of literary language (Guy et al., 2018 ). Then, it is necessary to realize that vividness is the highest level of literary language. The appreciation of modern literary language mainly includes the following aspects: (i) to analyze the characteristics of language, (ii) to understand the linguistic style of literary works, and (iii) to discriminate the rhetoric and expression effect applied in literary works. The appreciation of language mainly includes the following aspects. First, appreciating the language of works from a rhetorical point of view. Second, appreciating the language of works from the perspective of expression methods. Common expressions in modern literary works include narration, description, discussion, lyricism, and explanation, etc. Clear expressions can make the language of articles flexible and diverse. Third, appreciating the language of works from the perspective of words. Good modern literary works are characterized by colorful languages. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the use of words when appreciating modern literary works.

Conception is the writer's general idea of writing from content to form, which can be considered in terms of idea, material selection, style, artistic conception, and structure (Atasoy, 2021 ; Fowler, 2021 ). There are three main types of conceptual approaches in literary works: vertical conception (arranging materials in chronological order), horizontal (selecting several aspects of a thing or several contents of a problem), and vertical and horizontal (combining vertical and horizontal methods when selecting materials). While the well-constructed conception of literary works includes two levels, one is the well-constructed ideas and the other is the well-constructed structure.

The contribution of this paper is that a machine learning-based emotion classification method is proposed for the recognition of emotions of figures in modern literary works. The rest of the paper is structured as follows. In Section Emotion Expression in Modern Literature Appreciation, the emotion expression in modern literature appreciation is studied. The analysis method and experimental results are reported in Section Method and Results. Section Discussion gives the discussion.

Emotion Expression in Modern Literature Appreciation

The process of appreciating literary works is a process of obtaining effective information, experiencing an aesthetic feeling, interpreting the thoughts and emotions of the works, and tasting the personality expression skills and language art of the characters in the works (Kuijpers and Hakemulder, 2018 ). When writers create literary works, they systematically and pertinently depict the appearance, psychology, and behavior of the characters in literary works by using various decorative techniques, such as description, rhetoric, and grammar (De Vita et al., 2021 ). Therefore, it is very important to correctly grasp the language in literary works appreciation to improve the level of works appreciation. To improve the ability and level of appreciation of literary works, we should have a deep understanding of the language in appreciation of literary works, correctly interpret the ideological connotation of works, and experience the language beauty and ideological quality of works.

The emotional expression of literary language is an important form of expression in the carrier of literature, which contains both language art and emotional art (Parente et al., 2020 ). It can be said that emotional expression is the link between literature and people. It is quite common to use literary language to express emotions in human activities. Writers convey their experience and feelings of certain external things to others, and others also achieve the effect of experience and feelings through such emotional transmission, which reflects the significance of emotional expression. In this process, human beings experience, perceive, recognize, understand, and summarize things with an aesthetic attitude, so the emotional expression in writers is the key factor of literary language expression. In the process of appreciating literary works, the works themselves attract readers with the expression and resonance of emotion and soul. From the connotation of the expression of emotion in literary language, this paper discussed the main forms of the expression of emotion in literary language and analyzed the expression of negative emotion in the literary language in detail.

Connotation of Emotional Expression in Literary Language

Literary writers are different from painters and photographers because they can quickly material in real life, such as moving trains, high-rise buildings, childlike eyes, and so on, while literary writers need to express through words, which is not a sensory art. In the process of writing, writers cannot describe contents directly or mechanically but need to express emotions; only in this way can things be interpreted better. The expression of emotion is very obvious in the lyric works, while the expression of emotion is another form in the documentary or narrative works. No matter which literary language needs a certain internal drive. Driven by this emotion, readers can quickly get into the emotional environment in the process of reading. At the same time, writers can really arouse the desire to create and write moving works.

The elements of the expression of emotion in literary language are mainly evolved from the semiotic system. Human language has practical and aesthetic functions. As a way of expression, literary language also has the aesthetic feeling and aesthetic taste of language form. In the process of expressing works, writers need to fully express their personal experiences and emotion in the form of symbols, and specific sentences or words cannot only make the expression of emotion more wonderful but also full of the emotion of symbols. The writer's spiritual feeling and emotional experience in the literary language is often closer to life and at the same time, has a certain appeal to reach the resonance between readers and writers. Therefore, in the process of reading, we should pay attention to the writer's expression of language feelings, so as to understand the writer's description of the artistic conception of the work.

The Main Form of Literary Language Emotion Expression

The phonetic variation of literary language is mainly to better convey the writer's unique understanding of life and aesthetic feelings, one of which is the writer's emotional experience of life. At the same time, readers can get more aesthetic pleasure and emotional experience when they appreciate literary works. The phonetic variation of literary language is mainly reflected in tone, rhythm, and so on. In modern poetry creation, the tonal harmony is often required, which can produce a kind of cadence harmony, resulting in a kind of pleasing and moving rhythm beauty.

The sememe contrast in the emotion of literary language is a common way of literary expression. It depends on the context of different figures of speech and word order, resulting in misalignment between literal, extended, and meaning. These misalignment forms create a three-dimensional space between the literal and the others, and this space is mainly for readers to expand their emotions and thoughts through the rich content of works, so as to enhance the liveliness, implication, ideological, and emotional nature of literary language, and then readers can be fully imagined and enlightened in the process of understanding. Thus, the change of sememe can truly reflect the change of thoughts and emotions. The larger the space of emotional thoughts, the richer the information loaded by literary language.

The combination and collocation of words are generally established by convention, with certain stability and standardization. However, in literary works, the combination and collocation of words often go beyond the convention due to the need of expressing feelings and thoughts. Such combination and collocation usually follow emotional logic rather than rational logic. This kind of transcendence can reflect the unpredictable, complex inner world of people, giving readers a broad space for emotional thinking and image thinking. In this space, readers can run freely and appreciate the connotation of different emotions and thoughts from different levels.

Literary language cannot accurately express thoughts and feelings without various contexts created by the writer, because the occurrence of human thoughts and feelings is always inseparable from specific situations. Literary language is also in the specific time, space, and logical environment to show their specific connotation. It is widely known that context refers to the actual environment in which a language is used, and context is different in scope and form. Integrated context refers to the specific social and natural environment in which language is expressed, which is easy to be ignored by people, while scattered context refers to the speech environment formed by the context of written language or speaking language, which is easy to attract people's attention. Since the use of literary language is always used in a certain context and is affected and restricted by the specific context, the language in the literary has its literal sense, that is, the meaning from the dictionary. Moreover, it also has connotations generated in a specific context, such as literal, extended, and meaning.

The Expression of Negative Emotions in Literary Language

There are many expressions of negative emotions in literary language, and what is elaborated here is the expression of hatred. In fact, people are living in the conflict, literature is also inseparable from the performance of the various conflicts and description, and conflict could initiation hatred, hatred, and describes how unique performance, fully show hatred in colorful form, suspends in front of the complex problems of the writer. At the same time, hatred is also a kind of compound emotion of human beings, and its composition factors are complex. From the perspective of writing practice, it is closely related to the occurrence of tragedy, and its elements should include disgust, anger, resentment, and so on. Hatred should not be the patent of the injured and the good, the show of hatred for the despicable, but more can reveal the cruelty, danger, and hardship of life.

The Psychological Emotion of Figures in Literary Works

The psychological emotion of figures in literary works is an indispensable part. It is necessary to describe the psychological state, spiritual outlook, inner activities of figures in a certain environment, and express the thoughts of figures, so that readers can penetrate the appearance of figures and observe their inner world. In literary works, there are many ways to portray figures, which are as follows: portrait description, language description, action description, psychological emotion description, and so on. Among them, psychological emotion is very important. Wonderful description of the figures' psychological feelings cannot only reveal the figures' personality characteristics but also reflect the change of the figures' thoughts, which can promote the development of plots and deepen the theme of literary works. In addition, psychological emotions can also delicately, vividly, and truly show the mental process of figures in literary works, which can directly penetrate into the figures' hearts, reveal their inner world, and express their rich and complex thoughts and feelings.

Method and Results

Classification process of figures' emotions in literary works based on extended corpus.

Literary works have not only artistic value but also have social significance. The figures in literary works not only promote the plot development of literary works and enrich the depth and breadth of literary works but also provide good research and thinking significance for the society by the times, characteristics, and ideological connotations contained in these figures. Therefore, the appreciation of figures in literary works has not only aesthetic significance but also has the practical significance and ideological connotation. In many cases, the deviation or confusion of people's understanding and grasp of the figures in literary works is mainly due to the lack of systematic methods of appreciation of characters in literary works. However, the figures in good literary works will leave a deep impression on us. The description of the figure's emotions can better shape the typical character of the figure, so that the image of the figure is fuller, which is not only conducive to the highlight of the theme but also conducive to the appreciation of literary works. This paper used a machine learning algorithm to analyze the emotions of the figures in literary works, which helped us to appreciate the meaning expressed by the writers in literary works in a more scientific way, so as to better understand the writers' intentions.

In recent years, text sentiment analysis has gradually aroused the interest of industry and academia (Li et al., 2021 ). In the early work, the research focus was mainly on sentiment analysis based on positive and negative categories and analysis of positive, negative, and neutral aspects of emotional texts. However, binary classification sentiment analysis is difficult to fully express the complex inner world of human beings. It not only ignores the subtle emotional changes expressed by users but also fails to comprehensively cover the psychological state of users, which accelerates the demand for fine-grained sentiment analysis based on multiple classifications. Based on text length, sentiment analysis can be divided into three categories: word-level analysis, sentence-level analysis, and paper-level analysis. This study is based on the analysis of paper-level. However, in the field of Chinese text sentiment analysis, there are relatively few labeled datasets that fully meet the research needs and are authoritative enough to fully show the research results. At the same time, corpus expansion can remove part of the noise, alleviate the problem of feature sparsity to a certain extent, increase the semantically related space of text content, and form texts with similar semantics and different words, which can effectively improve the experimental effect of sentiment analysis technology. Therefore, after the extension of the corpus, this paper analyzed the emotions of the figures in literary works to corpus extension. The classification process of figures' emotions in literary works based on the extended corpus is shown in Figure 1 .

Classification process of figures' emotions in literary works based on the extended corpus.

The specific process is summarized as follows.

Step 1: Original corpus acquisition.

According to the research purpose of the emotions of figures shaped in literary works, all the information in the original corpus was constructed into corresponding strings, and then the strings were preliminarily matched according to the requirements to remove useless data information.

Step 2: Data preprocessing.

Literary works may contain some symbols, especially some modern literature, which may contain a typical network symbol of this period, and these labels have often useless information in the data. Therefore, data preprocessing needed to remove the part containing special symbols from the text content and the remaining part for text segmentation processing.

Step 3: Corpus extension.

After data preprocessing, it is necessary to detect negative words in corpus text, extend the corpus according to different emotional categories, and generate new corpus text. The new extended corpus was added to the original corpus set to form an extended corpus.

Step 4: Word segmentation.

The extended corpus was acquired and word segmentation was performed for the text content. Since there is no natural delimiter in Chinese, word segmentation is necessary for the text content. This paper used “Jieba” for Chinese word segmentation, which can customize the lexicon.

Step 5: Feature extraction.

We used the filter method for feature selection, extraction, sorting out the features in the Chinese text of literary chapters, and constructing feature sets as close as possible to the meaning of the original text content, and form feature vector space.

Step 6: Emotion classification.

The feature vector space in Step 5 was taken as the input, and the random forest (RF) algorithm was used to classify emotions and judge the emotional orientation of the extended corpus.

Results and Analysis

To verify the accuracy and feasibility of the emotion classification algorithm based on the extended corpus, the Beijing Language and Culture University Corpus Center (BCC) corpus is used for verification (Cai et al., 2021 ). The scale of the Chinese corpus in BCC corpus is about 15 billion words, covering newspapers, literature, Weibo, science, ancient Chinese, and other fields. BCC corpus includes raw corpus, word segmentation corpus, part of speech tagging corpus, and syntactic tree. At present, part of speech tagging has been carried out on modern Chinese corpus. The extended corpus uses the People's Daily Chinese word corpus, Microsoft Research Asia Chinese word segmentation corpus, and WuDaoCorpus. The data in the corpus are mainly divided into three categories: positive, negative, and neutral. There are many positive emotion data in the corpus, while negative emotion data and neutral emotion occupy a small part of the dataset.

To analyze the emotional expression in literary works, this paper selected “Modern Fiction” to verify the emotional classification algorithm and used accuracy, recall, and F1 for evaluation metrics. “Modern Fiction” is an essay by Virginia Woolf, published in 1919. The reason for selecting “Modern Fiction” is that Virginia Woolf, known as a critic, did not analyze Russian and British literary works from an analytical perspective due to the influence of impressionism at that time. In “Modern Fiction,” Woolf argued that art's purpose is to expose people's imagination, knowledge, and experience of life, rather than to present a realistic “replica” of life. RF, support vector machine (SVM), k nearest neighbor (kNN), and naive Bayes (NB) are used to analyze the emotion of modern literary works (Bandhakavi et al., 2017 ). For the sake of intuition, the experimental comparison results of the four methods are compared in detail. The experimental comparison results of the four algorithms are shown in Figure 2 . In Figure 2 , the accuracy of RF is 9.86% higher than that of SVM and 46.77% higher than that of KNN. The recall of RF is 34.86% higher than that of NB and 49.86% higher than that of KNN. F1 of RF is 14.53% higher than that of SVM, 22.05% higher than that of NB, and 13.51% higher than that of KNN. Among the three evaluation metrics, F1 effectively integrates accuracy and recall, and F1 is the most appropriate evaluation metrics. Figure 3 shows the accuracy, recall, and F1 of the four algorithms under the extended corpus. It can be seen that the accuracy of emotion classification of literary works using RF is still very high, as well as recall and F1. The F1 of RF is the highest, so RF is used as the classification algorithm in this paper.

Comparison of evaluation metrics with four methods under Beijing Language and Culture University Corpus Center (BCC) corpus.

Comparison of evaluation metrics with four methods under extended corpora.

In this paper, we analyzed the emotion expression in the appreciation process of modern literary works, focused on the emotion analysis of figures depicted in literary works, and verified the accuracy of emotion classification through the machine learning algorithm RF of artificial intelligence. There are figures in literature whose emotions are so normal that they do not even feel their ups and downs. In the creation of literary works, environmental rendering can also be strengthened. Simply put, emotion expression should first work on the sense of painting. Compared with film and television works, literary works have another advantage in the expression of the figure's emotions, that is, psychological description. Film and television work mainly through sound and paintings to express the emotions of the figures. In literary works, the psychological state of the figures can be directly outlined in the word, and the thoughts of the figures can be underlined in words very frankly so that the readers can understand the inner feelings of the figures more easily. Some literary works have neither paintings nor psychological description of figures in scene processing. These kinds of superficial processing techniques are not easy to produce a sense of substitution, so readers cannot step into the inner world of the figures.

In addition to the emotion expression in the appreciation of modern literary works based on figure's emotion analysis mentioned in the paper, there is no shortcut to improve the ability of literary appreciation. It is a long process accumulated over a long period of time. We can also read the works repeatedly to cultivate language rhythm. In addition, we have to taste the language, gain aesthetic feeling, feel the connotations of modern literature, and imagine the situations described by the writers. However, at any rate, the appreciation of modern literary works is a process of perception, appreciation, and taste of beauty, and the result is that we must make appropriate criticism of literary works. We should resonate with the writers, which is beneficial to life taste and artistic accomplishment.

Data Availability Statement

Ethics statement.

The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of both Shanxi University and Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology. Written informed consent from the participants was not required to participate in this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements.

Author Contributions

JL contributed to methodology, writing, and result analysis.

Conflict of Interest

The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Publisher's Note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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