lse dissertation resit

Van de Beeten, Jacob (2024) In the name of the law: a critique of the systemic rationality in EU law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Agnihotri, Shree (2024) Arendtian constitutional theory: an examination of active citizenship in democratic constitutional orders. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Misra, Tanmay (2023) The invention of corruption: India and the License Raj. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Garcés de Marcilla Musté, Mireia (2023) Designing, fixing and mutilating the vulva: exploring the meanings of vulval cutting. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Nolan, Katherine Anne (2023) The individual in EU data protection law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Schonberg, Morris (2022) The notion of selective advantage in EU State aid law – an equality of opportunity approach. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Pinto, Mattia (2022) Human rights as sources of penality. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Girard, Raphaël (2022) Populism, law and the courts: space and time in an age of "constitutional impatience". PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Matabudul, Rachna (2022) Tax treaty dispute resolution: lessons from the law of the sea. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Taggart, John (2022) Examining the role of the intermediary in the criminal justice system. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Goh, Benjamin (2022) The literary unconscious: rereading authorship and copyright with Kant's ‘on the wrongfulness of reprinting’ (1785). PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Uberti, Francesca (2022) Vaccine opposition in the information age: a study on online activism and DIY citizenship. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Gafni, Ilan (2022) Rethinking the negligence liability of public authorities in English law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Claeys, Irene (2021) The construction of a regulatory risk device: an examination of the historical emergence and performative effects of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s market risk framework. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Sonin, Joanne F. (2021) The evolution of the shareholder: legal change, deflection, and constancy. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Damianos, Alexander (2021) Ratifying the Anthropocene: a study of the Anthropocene working group’s ongoing effort to formalize the Anthropocene as a unit of the geologic time scale. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Fisher, Jonathan Simon (2021) Mandatory self-reporting of criminal conduct by a company: corporate rights and engaging the privilege against self-incrimination. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Gupta, Priya S. (2020) Leveraging the city: urban governance in financial capitalism. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Musto, Callum (2020) States’ regulatory powers and the turn to public law in international investment law and arbitration. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Ahdash, Fatima (2020) Examining the interaction between family law and counter-terrorism in the UK in recent years. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Common, MacKenzie F. (2020) Rule of law and human rights issues in social media content moderation. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Clark, Martin (2020) The 'international' and 'domestic' in British legal thought from Gentili to Lauterpacht. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Mukherjee, Sroyon (2019) Context-driven choices: environmental valuation in the courtroom. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Teeder, Wendy Mary (2019) Judicial review and the vanishing trial. MPhil thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Ganguly, Geetanjali (2019) Towards a transnational law of climate change: transnational litigation at the boundaries of science and law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Myslinska, Dagmar Rita (2019) Not quite white: the gap between EU rhetoric and the experience of Poles’ mobility to the UK. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Zlatev, Zlatin Mitkov (2019) Approaches towards the concept of non-pecuniary losses deriving from breach of contract. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Tundawala, Moiz (2018) In the shadow of swaraj: constituent power and the Indian political. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Lima Sakr, Rafael (2018) Law and lawyers in the making of regional trade regimes: the rise and fall of legal doctrines on the international trade law and governance of South-North regionalism. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Stones, Ryan R. (2018) EU competition law and the rule of law: justification and realisation. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Pick, Barbara (2018) Empirical analysis of geographical indications in France and Vietnam: opportunities and constraints. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Trotter, Sarah Jane (2018) On coming to terms: how European human rights law imagines the human condition. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Vitale, David Anthony (2018) Political trust and the enforcement of constitutional social rights. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Wu, Aaron (2018) Sustaining international law: history, nature, and the politics of global ordering. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Sutton, Rebecca (2018) The international humanitarian actor as 'civilian plus': the circulation of the idea of distinction in international law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Larsen, Signe (2018) The European Union as a federation: a constitutional analysis. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Bronsther, Jacob (2018) Long-term incarceration and the moral limits of punishment. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Krever, Tor (2018) The ideological origins of piracy in international legal thought. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Way, Sally-Anne (2018) Human rights from the Great Depression to the Great Recession: the United States, economic liberalism and the shaping of economic and social rights in international law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Leader, Kathryn (2017) Fifteen stories: litigants in person in the civil justice sytem. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Oghenevo Ovie Akpomiemie, Michael (2017) The social context of business and the tax system in Nigeria: the persistence of corruption. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Liberman, Dvora (2017) Custodians of continuity in an era of change: an oral history of the everyday lives of Crown Court clerks between 1972 and 2015. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Keenan, Bernard (2017) Interception: law, media, and techniques. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Živković, Velimir (2017) International investment protection and the national rule of law: a normative framework for a new approach. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Zeffert, Henrietta (2017) Home and international law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Witney, Simon (2017) The corporate governance of private equity-backed companies. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Zhu, Sally Shinan (2017) Law embodied: re-imagining a material legal normativity. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Chauhan, Apurv (2016) Developing a social psychology of poverty: social objects and dialogical representations. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Tschorne Venegas, Samuel (2016) The theoretical turn in British public law scholarship. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Wang, Chieh (2016) Sexuality, gender, justice and law: rethinking normative heterosexuality and sexual justice from the perspectives of queer humanist men and masculinities studies. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

O’Loughlin, Ailbhe (2016) Balancing rights? Dangerous offenders with severe personality disorders, the public, and the promise of rehabilitation. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Burton, Marie (2015) Calling for justice: comparing telephone and face-to-face advice in social welfare legal aid. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Burke, Jarleth (2015) A market and government failure critique of services of general economic interest: testing the centrality and strictness of article 106(2) TFEU. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Stern, Orly (2015) The principle of distinction and women in conflicts in Africa. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Chadwick, Anna (2015) Food commodity speculation, hunger, and the global food crisis: whither regulation. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Saab, Anne (2015) A legal inquiry into hunger and climate change: climate-ready seeds in the neoliberal food regime. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Zaccaria, Elena (2015) Proprietary rights in indirectly held securities: legal risks and future challenges. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Willcox, Susannah (2015) Climate change inundation and Atoll Island States: implications for human rights, self-determination and statehood. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

King, Saskia (2015) Agreements that restrict competition by object under Article 101(1) TFEU: past, present and future. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Zhang, Zhanwei (2015) Law, state and society in the PRC: a case study of family planning regulations implementation at grassroots level in rural China. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Agnew, Sinéad (2015) What we talk about when we talk about conscience: the meaning and function of conscience in commercial law doctrine. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Yoshida, Keina (2015) The cinematic jurisprudence of gender crimes: the ICTY and film. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Knight, Dean (2014) Vigilance and restraint in the common law of judicial review: scope, grounds, intensity, context. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

McGaughey, Ewan (2014) Participation in corporate governance. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Xiao, Yin (2014) Analysing the enforcement dimension of regulatory competition: a cultural institutionalist approach. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Knox, Robert (2014) A Critical Examination of the Concept of Imperialism in Marxist and Third World Approaches to International Law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Meerovitch, Vladimir (2014) Investor protection and equity markets: an evaluation of private enforcement of related party transactions rules in Russia. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Pearson, Megan Rebecca (2014) Religious objections to equality laws: reconciling religious freedom with gay rights. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Roznai, Yaniv (2014) Unconstitutional constitutional amendments: a study of the nature and limits of constitutional amendment powers. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

O'Regan, Karla Maureen (2014) Beyond illusion: a juridical genealogy of consent in criminal and medical law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Searl, Mark (2014) A normative theory of international law based on new natural law theory. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Coverdale, Helen (2013) Punishing with care: treating offenders as equal persons in criminal punishment. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Lamp, Nicolas (2013) Lawmaking in the multilateral trading system. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Perrone, Nicolas (2013) The international investment regime and foreign investors' rights: another view of a popular story. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Wei Liang Wang, Daniel (2013) Can litigation promote fairness in healthcare? The judicial review of rationing decisions in Brazil and England. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Majinge, Charles Riziki (2013) The United Nations, the African Union and the rule of law in Southern Sudan. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Gallo, Zelia (2013) The penality of politics, penality in contemporary Italy 1970-2000. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Jacques, Johanna (2013) From nomos to Hegung: war captivity and international order. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Manea, Sabina (2013) Instrumentalising property: an analysis of rights in the EU emissions trading system. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Yazdani, Shahid (2012) Emergency safeguard; WTO and the feasibility of emergency safeguard measures under the general agreement on trade in services. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Lucey, Mary Catherine (2012) The interface between competition law and the restraint of trade doctrine for professionals: understanding the evolution of problems and proposing solutions for courts in England and Wales. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Grušić, Uglješa (2012) The international employment contract: ideal, reality and regulatory function of European private international law of employment. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Ali, Perveen (2012) States in crisis: sovereignty, humanitarianism, and refugee protection in the aftermath of the 2003 Iraq War. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Dille, Benjamin B. (2012) Ill fares the land: the legal consequences of land confiscations by the Sandinista government of Nicaragua 1979-1990. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Ho, Chih-Hsing (2012) Socio-legal perspectives on biobanking: the case of Taiwan. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Viterbo, Hedi (2012) The legal construction of childhood in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

De Witte, Floris (2012) EU law and the question of justice. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Spangler, Timothy (2012) Overcoming the governance challenge in private investment funds through the enrolment of private monitoring solutions. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Sasso, Lorenzo (2012) Capital structure and corporate governance: the role of hybrid financial instruments. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Boukli, Paraskevi (2012) Imaginary penalities: reconsidering anti-trafficking discourses and technologies. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Gandrud, Christopher (2012) Knowing the unknowns: financial policymaking in uncertainty. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Laidlaw, Emily (2012) Internet gatekeepers, human rights and corporate social responsibilities. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Barroso, Luis (2011) The problems and the controls of the new administrative state of the EU. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Zhu, Chenwei (2011) Authoring collaborative projects: a study of intellectual property and free and open source software (FOSS) licensing schemes from a relational contract perspective. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Nwosu, Udoka (2011) Head of state immunity in international law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Ronnen, Edite (2011) Mediation in a conflict society: an ethnographic view on mediation processes in Israel. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Meyers, Jeffrey B. (2011) Toward a Negri-inspired theory of c/Constitution: a contemporary Canadian case study. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Kotsakis, Andreas (2011) The biological diversity complex: a history of environmental government. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Stergiou, Vasiliki (2011) The complex relationship of concentrated ownership structures and corporate governance. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Dias Soares, Claudia A. (2011) The design features of environmental taxes. MPhil thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Calich, Isabel (2011) The impact of globalisation on the position of developing countries in the international tax system. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Hood, Benjamin David (2011) What model for regulating employee discipline and grievances most effectively supports the policy objective of partnership at work and enhanced competitiveness? PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Li, Guoming (2011) The constitutional relationship between China and Hong Kong: a study of the status of Hong Kong in China’s system of government under the principle of ‘one Country, two systems’. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

John, Mathew (2011) Rethinking the secular state: perspectives on constitutional law in post-colonial India. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Bernal, Paul Alexander (2011) Do deficiencies in data privacy threaten our autonomy and if so, can informational privacy rights meet this threat? PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Pandya, Abhijit P.G. (2011) Interpretations and coherence of the fair and equitable treatment standard in investment treaty arbitration. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Thiratayakinant, Kraijakr Ley (2010) Multilateral supervision of regional trade agreements: Developing countries' perspectives. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Kapotas, Panos (2010) Positive action as a means to achieve full and effective equality in Europe. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Evans, E. Christine (2010) Right to reparations in international law for victims of armed conflict: Convergence of law and practice? PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Correia, Miguel G (2010) Taxation of corporate groups under a corporation income tax: An interdisciplinary and comparative tax law analysis. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Pappas, Demetra M (2010) The politics of euthanasia and assisted suicide: A comparative case study of emerging criminal law and the criminal trials of Jack 'Dr. Death' Kevorkian. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Brady, Alan David Patrick (2009) A structural, institutionally sensitive model of proportionality and deference under the Human Rights Act 1998. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Franey, Elizabeth Helen (2009) Immunity, individuals and international law: which individuals are immune from the jurisdiction of national courts under international law? PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Al-Ramahi, Aseel (2009) Competing rationalities: The evolution of arbitration in commercial disputes in modern Jordan. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Upton, John Dominic (2009) Constitutional thought of Joseph de Maistre. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Brilman, Marina C (2009) Georges Canguilhem: Norms and knowledge in the life sciences. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Minto, Indianna Deborah (2009) Incumbent response to telecommunications reform: The cases of Jamaica and Ireland, 1982-2007. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Heathcote, Gina (2009) Justifying force: A feminist analysis of the international law on the use of force. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Xu, Ting (2009) Property rights, governance and socio-economic transformation: the revival of private property and its limits in post-Mao China. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Roberts, Stephanie (2009) The decision making process of appeals against conviction in the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division). PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Andreicheva, Natalia (2009) The role of legal capital rules in creditor protection: Contrasting the demands of western market economies with Ukraine's transitional economy. MPhil thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Mundis, Daryl (2008) The law of naval exclusion zones. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Yong, Benjamin (2008) Becoming national: Contextualising the construction of the New Zealand nation-state. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Reynolds, Michael Paul (2008) Caseflow management: A rudimentary referee process, 1919-1970. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Mettraux, Guenael (2008) Command responsibility in international law---the boundaries of criminal liability for military commanders and civilian leaders. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Shim, Jaejin (2008) Equality or the right to work? Explanation and justification of anti-discrimination rights in employment. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Webb, Charlie Edward James (2008) Property, unjust enrichment and restitution. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Kulovesi, Kati (2008) The WTO dispute settlement system and the challenge of environment and legitimacy. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Dinniss, Heather Harrison (2008) The status and use of computer network attacks in international humanitarian law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Fasan, Oluseto (2007) Compliance with WTO law in developing countries: A study of South Africa and Nigeria. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Khasawneh, Bisher Hani (2007) An appraisal of the right of return and compensation of Jordanian nationals of Palestinian refugee origin and Jordan's right, under international law, to bring claims relating thereto, on their behalf to and against Israel and to seek compensation as a host state in light of the conclusion of the Jordan-Israel peace treaty of 1994. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Amodu, Tola (2007) The transformation of planning agreements as regulatory instruments in land-use planning in the twentieth century. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Panijpan, Kris (2006) Market dynamics in corporate governance: Lessons from recent developments in English law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Park, Jungwon (2006) Minority rights constraints on a state's power to regulate citizenship under international law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Kyprianou, Despina (2006) The role of the Cyprus attorney general's office in prosecutions: Rhetoric, ideology and practice. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Killick, Evan (2005) Living apart: separation and sociality amongst the Ashéninka of Peruvian Amazonia. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Menuchin, Shay Nisan (2005) The dilemma of international tax arbitrage: A comparative analysis using the cases of hybrid financial instruments and cross-border leasing. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Le, Net (2004) Refusal to license: Abuse of dominant position and switching costs. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Sideri, Katerina (2003) The European Commission and the construction of information society: Regulatory law from a processual perspective. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Boelaert-Suominen, Sonja Ann Jozef (1998) International environmental law and naval war: The effect of marine safety and pollution conventions during international armed conflict. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Mohamed, Mohamed Sameh Ahmed (1997) The role of the International Court of Justice as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Jurgielewicz, Lynne (1994) Global environmental change and international law: prospects for progress in the legal order. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Tsai, Ing-Wen (1983) Unfair trade practices and safeguard actions [A digital copy of Ing-wen Tsai's personal copy of the original thesis presented to the Library in 2019.]. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Douzinas, Constantinos (1983) Constitutional law and freedom of expression: a critique of the Constitution of the public sphere in legal discourse and practice with special reference to 20th century American law and jurisprudence. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Lyall, Andrew Bremner (1980) The social origins of property and contract: a study of East Africa before 1918. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Harlow, Carol (1979) Administrative liability: a comparative study of French and English Law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Reynolds, James Isaac (1974) The slum tenant and the common law: a comparative study. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Edwards, Adolph (1968) The development of criminal law in Jamaica up to 1900. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Lasok, Dominik (1954) The Polish Constitutions of 1947 and 1952: a historical study in constitutional law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Assessment and Feedback

Your guide to assessment and feedback in the department of media and communications, students should contact [email protected] with any queries.

1) Formative assessment and feedback deadlines

Formative assessment develops the knowledge and skills that you acquire from your courses.  Formative  assessment is a compulsory part of every course and may include class/seminar discussions and presentations; essays; problem sets; research proposals, mock examinations or quizzes. Formative   assessment does not count towards your course mark or your overall degree classification. Instead, it is is designed to prepare you for the summative (assessed) work that you will complete later in the course. The feedback you receive from your formative work will help prepare you for your summative work.

We have set formative deadlines for the core courses which all our MSc students take:

For all other formative assignments in the department, you should check the deadline with your course convenor or seminar leader. Feedback on formative tasks will normally be returned to students within three term weeks of the submission deadline, where students submit their work on time.

2) Summative assessment and feedback deadlines

Summative assessment tests whether you have acquired the learning outcomes of each course. Summative assessment is a compulsory part of every course and may include a variety of methods including coursework (such as essays), closed book and take-home assessments, presentations and dissertations.  Summative assessment does count towards your course mark course and your overall degree classification. Individual courses may be assessed by one piece of summative assessment or by a combination of different types of summative assessment.

The below table lists the summative assessment deadlines for master's courses in the department in the academic year 2023/24. Feedback on summative tasks will normally be returned to students within five term weeks of the submission deadline, where students submit their work on time. All feedback deadlines comply with the  LSE Academic Code .

3) Coursework submission instructions

Formative submission instructions.

• Formative coursework must be submitted online via Moodle coursework, refer to your seminar teacher for whether you must also submit a hard copy during your seminar. If so, formative assignment essays should be printed on A4 or American letter paper, using a clearly legible font of at least 12pt, with 3 cm/1inch margins, and 1.5 line spacing.
• Coursework must be typed in a clearly legible font with a font size of at least 12. Line spacing should be set to 1.5 or 2.0; margins should be set to at least 3cm. Tables and figures must be numbered and given a title and a source. All pages must be numbered.
• Upload an electronic copy of your essay to the assessment section of Moodle. You must name the file as follows: MC4XX_Name. For example, MC408_JennyJones.
• A standard submission sheet (Formative Coursework Coversheet, available on Moodle) must be attached as the first page of the formative assessment.

Summative submission instructions

• Summative coursework must be submitted online via Moodle (hard copy submission is not required).
• You must submit to course pages on Moodle by 12.00pm (noon UK time) on submission day. Any work submitted after this deadline without an extension will be recorded as a late submission.
• You must submit your coursework as a single PDF file which includes a coversheet, a Generative AI statement (if used), followed by your essay, a bibliography and any appendices.
• If you have used Generative AI tools in preparing your coursework, you must include a statement confirming this after  your coversheet but  before  the main body of your coursework.   See details in the S ection 8 of the Assessment and Feedback page.
• You must name the file as: MC4XX_CANDIDATE NUMBER. e.g. if your candidate number is 12345, you would name the MC408 electronic file as MC408_12345. Check carefully that you are uploading the correct file, which must be the final version of your essay.
• Your name and student number must not appear on the assignment. Use only your 5-digit candidate number, not your 9-digit student ID number. Incorrectly named files can cause delays in the marking and feedback process.
• Your essay must include the Title/Name of the essay (usually the same as the essay question) and the date of submission.
• You are not permitted to alter your Moodle submission after the deadline of 12.00pm (noon UK time). Any attempt to do so will be counted as a late submission and a penalty will apply.
• Coursework must contain complete and correct referencing and bibliographies - see the 'Plagiarism and academic misconduct' section below for more details.

4) Word count

When writing assignments, students must adhere to the stated word limit. However, the Department of Media and Communications allows a 10% margin of error on word count, meaning students can write 10% over or under the stated word limit, unless specific course assignment guidelines state otherwise. For example, for an assignment of 3000 words, students should aim to submit no more than 3300 words and no fewer than 2700 words.

The word count must be recorded on the coversheet, which you must attach to the first page of your submission. Where the word count of an assignment is considerably over or under the limit (i.e., more than 10%) this will be taken into consideration during the marking process.

For all formative and summative coursework submitted to the Department of Media and Communications, including the dissertation, the word count  will  include :

• the main body of the text 
• titles, headings and subheadings
• directly quoted material
• footnotes and endnotes used to provide additional information to supplement the main body of the text

 The word count will not  include :

• in-text (bracketed) citations, as used in referencing systems such as Harvard,   APA, MLA and the Chicago/Turabian 'author-date' style
• footnote or endnote citations, as used in referencing systems such as Oxford and the Chicago/Turabian 'notes and bibliography' style
• the coversheet
• the Generative AI statement
• letters of notification (only used by students with My Adjustments)
• tables of content
• acknowledgements and dedications
• graphs, figures, tables, images, and captions referring to these
• bibliographies and reference lists

Written coursework submitted to other academic departments may have different word count rules, so please check before submitting work if this applies to you.

5) Late submission penalties for summative work

If you have a summative assessment and you are worried that you will not meet the deadline, you should request either an Extension or a Deferral (see the 'Extensions, Deferrals and Exceptional Circumstances' section at the bottom of this page). If you don’t successfully request either of these, and you submit your work late, the penalties will be as follows:

• Coursework (including essays, projects and dissertations) Five marks will be deducted for coursework submitted within 24 hours after the deadline. A further five marks will be deducted for each subsequent 24 hour period (this includes weekends, public holidays and School closure days) until the coursework is submitted. Coursework more than five days late will only be accepted with the permission of the Chair of the Sub-Board of Examiners.
• 7-Day take-home assessments Within the   first 24 hours after the assessment submission deadline, five marks will be deducted for every half-day (12 hours), or part of a half day the assessment is received late. This will result in a maximum penalty of ten percentage marks for the first 24 hours. For beyond the first 24 hours after assessment submission deadline, ten marks will be deducted for the first 24 hours as above then five percentage marks will be deducted per 24 hour period (not limited to working days) the assessment is late, or 24 hour period, thereafter.

If you do submit an assessment late, then it is important that you submit an Exceptional Circumstances form (see the 'Extensions, Deferrals and Exceptional Circumstances' section at the bottom of this page), which allows the Department to consider any circumstances you were experiencing at the time which may have affected your ability to submit work by the deadline. 

6) How we mark your work

All summative coursework in the Department is marked using a system called ‘moderation’. Moderation is an established and widely used system of marking in UK academia. Moderation aims to assure that assessments have been marked in an academically rigourous manner, fairly, with consistency, and with reference to agreed marking criteria. Initially, the first marker, who is either the teacher responsible for the course or a member of academic staff who has experience in the subject matter to the satisfaction of the Exam Sub-Board Chair, marks the pieces of work and writes notes justifying these marks. All courses are then moderated by a moderator, who is a member of full-time faculty. The role of the moderator is to review and verify marks and to oversee the consistency of marking in line with assessment criteria, the course aims, and the expected learning outcomes. The moderator performs this role through a review of the overall mark distribution and the reading of an appropriate sample of assessments.  In the unusual situation where marks cannot be confirmed, the first marker refers the marking outcome to the Exam Sub-Board Chair who will decide on what action, if any, is required, and whose decision will be final with respect to the internal marking procedure.

In the case of in-class work which is non-textual (e.g. presentations) , an appropriate system of moderation is put in place to enable consistency and rigour in marking. This could be through joint observation of presentations and/or review of presentation reports. 

All dissertations are independently double-blind marked i.e. each marker marks the dissertation without having sight of the other marker’s mark or comments during the process. In the case of dissertations, one of the two markers, normally your supervisor, is assigned the role of ‘first marker’ and is responsible for arranging a meeting between both markers to discuss and agree upon a provisional mark for the dissertation.

The Department’s marking standards and the rigour of its moderation processes are reviewed each year by the Department’s External Examiners who report to the Department’s Exam Sub-Board and to the School. We are confident that our assessment and marking processes are robust, and as such students are not able to call into question the academic judgement of markers. There is no provision, therefore, for summative work to be re-marked.

Students can review the following webpage for advice and guidance on  Challenging Results .

7) Plagiarism and assessment misconduct

• Academic misconduct regulations (including plagiarism) Everything you need to know about the School's regulations and what is expected of you can be found  here .
• Citing and referencing Find resources and tools for citing and referencing correctly from the  LSE Library . 
• Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools See section below.
• TurnItIn The School uses TurnItIn text-matching software to assist in detecting plagiarism for written assignments. Click  here  for the School's TurnItIn FAQs for students.
• Statement on editorial help Find everything you need to know about editorial help for your written assignments  here .
• Exam procedures for candidates Make sure you know the rules before sitting exams, which can be found  here .
• LSE LIFE Click  here  to find out more about support, resources and events to develop your learning and skills in relation to academic integrity, misconduct and plagiarism.

8) Policy on Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools

Policy on generative artificial intelligence (ai) tools.

In the Department of Media and Communications, our priority is to ensure the integrity of students’ learning, assessment and achievement. We recognise the use of generative AI ools is widespread, but we both encourage and expect students to be discerning in their use of these tools. They should support, but not replace, students’ own intellectual effort both in class and in assessments.

This policy constitutes the Department-wide policy for AI. Individual courses that you take, within or outside the Department, may have different policies that are more or less open. The course policy takes priority if this is the case, so please ensure you are aware of what your courses permit.

Please note that students' use of generative AI tools is done at their own risk; these tools are not perfect and may produce incorrect or nonsensical results. When using generative AI tools, students should always check the content they deliver against other sources to ensure accuracy and use their own critical thinking to evaluate whether or not the output is actually useful. A high level of reliance on generative AI may negatively impact the mark of a piece of work and / or be treated as academic misconduct (see 'Plagiarism and assessment misconduct' section above).

• Students are not permitted  to copy any text produced by a generative AI tool into a summative assessment. All text submitted for assessments must be the students' own original work.
• Students are permitted to use generative AI tools for the following types of assignment preparation:     -- Searching academic or grey literature     -- Suggesting assignment structures or titles     -- Transcription     -- Text editing and proofreading If a student uses generative AI in the above ways, they must include at the beginning of the assignment a statement that explains how it has been used and what value it offered during assignment preparation, using the following template .
• If a student uses the results of generative AI in an assignment (for example, as a source of information or evidence for a particular argument), they must cite its usage .
• Failing to cite the generative AI source is academic misconduct. In this context, please remember that copying generative AI output into a summative assessment is not permitted, regardless of whether cited or not.

9) Assessment criteria

General information.

The Department of Media and Communications is committed to transparency and clarity in its assessment criteria. The general assessment criteria are intended as broad guides to the kinds of qualities that examiners will be looking for in written work. The Department will apply the same general criteria for the different kinds of written and oral assessment although, in the case of unseen written examinations, the restricted time will also be taken into account.

Our aim is to encourage and support students to develop a sophisticated knowledge of the subject, the capacity for independent and critical judgment, and the ability to express ideas with clarity. Our expectation is that students will go beyond lecture materials and use the reading lists and other library resources as a basis for an exploration of an area, there are no model answers associated with a given mark.

Assessment is not carried out according to a checklist, but in an integrated way that assesses the piece of work as a whole and allows for deficits in one aspect to be compensated for by strengths in another aspect. Since all written and oral presentation examinations are time-limited and coursework essays are restricted in length, you must decide which theories and findings are important for your argument. Thus, an important skill to develop is determining what to omit. Appropriate omissions will depend on the argument that you wish to present.

There are no “model answers” against which your written work will be assessed, which is why we do not provide "model essays" written by former students. There are many different ways of successfully approaching a question and answers employing widely differing arguments may be equally successful. The appropriateness or relevance of your use of material from published and unpublished sources is judged according to its relevance to the argument you are presenting; not relative to a model answer.

The types of essay or presentation topics and examination questions posed require original thinking and/or synthesis across areas of the media and communications. There may be a core of important material but there are usually several acceptable ways of framing that material and of introducing relevant arguments. Students must decide which theories and findings are important for their own argument.

General assessment criteria for coursework and examinations

In the assessment of an essay and the writing of feedback to students, the examiners look for evidence of work that is responsive to the following three criteria:

Written and oral assignments will be assessed based on the above criteria, including presentation structure and presentation style. The same assessment scheme broadly applies to the assessment of unseen examination essays, with appropriate allowances for the limited time available and unavailability of cited work.

Assessment scheme for assignments

Marks are numerical 0-100. All students taking MC courses will receive a provisional letter grade, e.g. Bad Fail (BF), Fail (F), Pass (P), Merit (M), Distinction (D), by the published feedback deadline.

80–100: High Distinction:  This is for  outstanding work  that achieves nearly all that could reasonably be expected of an MSc student, and will feature many if not all of the following characteristics: original argument, creative selection of sources, highly critical appraisal and analysis, excellent integration of theory and evidence, excellent expression, citation and bibliographic norms.

70–79: Distinction:  This is for  excellent work  that achieves most of what could reasonably be expected of an MSc student, and will feature many of the following characteristics: original argument, creative selection of sources, highly critical appraisal and analysis, excellent integration of theory and evidence, excellent expression, citation and bibliographic norms.

60–69: Merit:  This is for  work of good quality with a well-defined focus . Such work will feature many if not all of the following characteristics: thoughtful argument, well-researched selection of sources, good critical appraisal, well integrated theory and evidence, good, clear expression, accurate citation and bibliography.

50–59: Pass:  This is for  work that reaches the overall standard required  of a MSc student and will feature many if not all of the following characteristics: standard argument and range of sources used, mainly fair synthesis of ideas, adequate presentation and flaws or gaps in citation and bibliography norms.

40–49: Fail:  This is for  work that does not reach the overall standard required  of a MSc student. It will feature many if not all of the following characteristics: weak argument, narrow range of sources used, descriptive account, poor presentation, inaccurate citation and gaps in bibliography.

0–39: Bad Fail (for MC courses only):  This is for  work that shows a basic lack of knowledge and ability . Such work will feature many if not all of the following characteristics: very weak argument, little use of even standard sources, descriptive, with large gaps, very poor presentation with flawed expression and extensive flaws in citation and bibliography.

Dissertation assessment criteria

Assessment criteria for the dissertation are broadly the same as for coursework – please see above. You can find details of the specific aspects of dissertation assessment in the Dissertation Guide on the MC499 Moodle page .

10) Feedback

Get the most from your feedback.

The following handbook on  How to Use Feedback Effectively , produced by the Department of Social Policy, gives excellent guidance on how to understand and use the feedback you receive. You can use it to support your engagement with feedback of all kinds, and to develop the ways you use the advice to improve your work.

Formative and summative assessment feedback

Throughout your MSc programme you will receive feedback in diverse forms and on a variety of aspects of the development of your understanding of the field of media and communications and on your performance.

During the year you will receive written feedback on your formative and summative assessment assignments. This written feedback can then be discussed with your academic mentor, supervisor and the course teacher for the assessed course.

After the conclusion of the dissertation marking process, you will receive written feedback on your dissertation. You will receive brief written feedback on your examinations within the department.

Information on the timeframe of feedback can be found in Section 2 of the  LSE Academic Code .

Other kinds of feedback you will receive during the year

You will receive oral feedback during seminars with your seminar teachers as you develop your ideas and participate in seminar activities.

You will work in small groups in your seminars, interacting with your peers, who give you feedback on how your learning is progressing.

You will receive face to face feedback from your academic mentor in Michaelmas Term and from your dissertation supervisor in Lent and Summer Term. This feedback may be about your overall learning and progression, on a specific aspect of your development, or on your performance in a specific assignment.

You will receive oral feedback on the development of your dissertation ideas from your Supervisor during Feedback and Advice hours and during group supervision sessions. Feedback and advice hours of other staff are also good opportunities to receive feedback on the development of your dissertation ideas.

You also will receive oral feedback from academic staff providing any extra-curricular activities you register for during the year, for example, on essay writing, citation practice or language skills. You will receive feedback from mentors if you choose to engage in internship activities facilitated by LSE and by the Department.

11) I am not happy my provisional grade - can my work be re-marked?

Please note that there is no provision for summative work to be re-marked, and students are not permitted negotiate their provisional grade with staff.

The Department’s marking standards and the rigour of its processes are reviewed each year by the Department’s External Examiners who report to the Department’s Exam Sub-Board and to the School. We are confident that our assessment and marking processes are robust, and as such students are not able to call into question the academic judgement of markers.

Students may make an appointment to meet with the marker of their work, the course convenor, their academic mentor, or any other member of staff to discuss provisional grades and feedback, but as mentioned above, students cannot negotiate their grade or ask for work to be re-marked. It may also be useful to speak to LSE LIFE who can help students develop future work using the feedback they have received.

Students are permitted to submit Exceptional Circumstances , which will be considered by the Departmental and School Exam Boards. Individual marks cannot be changed as a result of the submission of Exceptional Circumstances, but the Exam Boards can take your circumstances into account when considering your final degree classification.

Students can review the following webpage for advice and guidance on  Challenging Results  once they have been released formally.

12) Extensions, Deferrals and Exceptional Circumstances

The LSE  Extension Policy  allows you to request more time for a summative assessment if you experience exceptional circumstances which are sudden, unforeseen, outside of your control and proximate to an assessment.

You can request an extension  here .

The Deferral process allows you to postpone an assessment to the next appropriate assessment opportunity. See the  Deferral  webpage for further details on how to request a deferral.

Exceptional Circumstances

If you have submitted an assessment or sat an exam and you feel your performance has been affected by unforeseen circumstances that were outside of your control then you should submit Exceptional Circumstances (ECs). See the  Exceptional Circumstances  webpage for further details on how to submit exceptional circumstances.

13) Progression and results

Please review the below for Information on when results are published, how to interpret them and what to do if you want to challenge your results.

• Publication of Results
• Understanding Results
• Challenging Results

Progression to Year 2 (MSc Global Media and Communications students)

Progression to Year 2 of the MSc Global Media and Communications programme will be subject to the satisfactory achievement of the academic requirements of Year 1 at LSE.

Students will progress to Year 2 unless any of the exceptional circumstances below occur: 

A student has either deferred or not made a serious attempt in assessment for  any  course.

A student has failed courses to the value of more than  one  unit (two half units). 

 A student has indicated that they do not intend to make a serious attempt to submit a dissertation at the end of the first year at LSE and/or has not submitted formative work to their Dissertation Supervisor.

The Department will hold a progression meeting to consider the facts in relation to any of the above circumstances. The meeting will consider any medical and/or exceptional circumstances presented by a student, before deciding whether to recommend that they should progress to the second year or not. Any recommendation to progress in any of the above circumstances will require approval by the partner institution (University of Southern California, Fudan University, or University of Cape Town). 

The Department will inform the student as soon as possible if they are  not  permitted to progress to the second year. 

For MSc in Global Media and Communications (LSE and USC) only: 

In the University of Southern California (USC) system, any failed LSE course would receive zero units and  must  be made up either by resitting the assessment at LSE or by taking a course of equivalent value at USC. Therefore, students who do not pass all LSE courses but who otherwise qualify for their LSE degree will be required under the USC regulations to  either   resit the failed LSE course(s)  or   to pass an additional course(s) of equivalent value at USC in order to satisfy the criteria for the USC award. If a student in this situation resits any LSE course(s), this will not improve or adversely affect their existing LSE degree classification. At USC, taking an extra course can cost more than $5000 USD, so students are advised to take this into consideration when deciding whether to resit an LSE course or take an additional USC course.

Students may resit courses while they are studying in Year 2 at USC.

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Get off to a good start

Get the basics right: what's required.

There are different ways to approach social science research, different ways to do a dissertation, and specific requirements differ across departments. Be sure you have all the basic information about what is required and when it is required in your department.

You can find this information from your dissertation supervisor, course convenor for dissertations, academic mentor, or other staff in your department. You can also check Moodle or your departmental handbook.

• What is the word limit? Is there a penalty for exceeding the limit? Are footnotes included in this count? Are appendices allowed?
• When is the last day you can submit your dissertation?
• Are formal research proposal(s) required? If so, when?
• Is there a preferred style of referencing (eg, APA, Harvard, MLA)? Are there specific formatting requirements?
• How many hard copies are required? Is an electronic version required?
• Is collecting your own data required? Optional? Or is primary research discouraged?
• When are departmental workshops or information sessions taking place?
• When is the latest you can meet with your dissertation supervisor?

Inspiration from those who've been there.

An excellent source of ideas and guidance on ways to approach your dissertation is past dissertations from your department. Explore past dissertations and ask yourself

• What kind of research topics and questions do past students explore? 
• How is theory used to shape and inform research questions? 
• What kinds of methods are used to collect and analyse data? 
• What are the various ways to structure the dissertations you have reviewed?
• What are the main similarities you notice across past dissertations?  Differences?
• Which dissertation(s) do you prefer?  Why?

Events and resources

Write your research proposal

Diversify your thinking to get research ideas

How to get started on your dissertation

SAGE Research Online Project Planner (log in using your LSE account) 

What kind of research story do you want to tell?

Are you considering using primary or secondary data?  How will you get and use your data?

How can you make sure your drafts, files, and data remain safe and useable throughout your entire research project? Are there ethical considerations?