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14.1 Four Methods of Delivery

Learning objectives.

• Differentiate among the four methods of speech delivery.
• Understand when to use each of the four methods of speech delivery.

Maryland GovPics – House of Ruth Luncheon – CC BY 2.0.

The easiest approach to speech delivery is not always the best. Substantial work goes into the careful preparation of an interesting and ethical message, so it is understandable that students may have the impulse to avoid “messing it up” by simply reading it word for word. But students who do this miss out on one of the major reasons for studying public speaking: to learn ways to “connect” with one’s audience and to increase one’s confidence in doing so. You already know how to read, and you already know how to talk. But public speaking is neither reading nor talking.

Speaking in public has more formality than talking. During a speech, you should present yourself professionally. This doesn’t mean you must wear a suit or “dress up” (unless your instructor asks you to), but it does mean making yourself presentable by being well groomed and wearing clean, appropriate clothes. It also means being prepared to use language correctly and appropriately for the audience and the topic, to make eye contact with your audience, and to look like you know your topic very well.

While speaking has more formality than talking, it has less formality than reading. Speaking allows for meaningful pauses, eye contact, small changes in word order, and vocal emphasis. Reading is a more or less exact replication of words on paper without the use of any nonverbal interpretation. Speaking, as you will realize if you think about excellent speakers you have seen and heard, provides a more animated message.

The next sections introduce four methods of delivery that can help you balance between too much and too little formality when giving a public speech.

Impromptu Speaking

Impromptu speaking is the presentation of a short message without advance preparation. Impromptu speeches often occur when someone is asked to “say a few words” or give a toast on a special occasion. You have probably done impromptu speaking many times in informal, conversational settings. Self-introductions in group settings are examples of impromptu speaking: “Hi, my name is Steve, and I’m a volunteer with the Homes for the Brave program.” Another example of impromptu speaking occurs when you answer a question such as, “What did you think of the documentary?”

The advantage of this kind of speaking is that it’s spontaneous and responsive in an animated group context. The disadvantage is that the speaker is given little or no time to contemplate the central theme of his or her message. As a result, the message may be disorganized and difficult for listeners to follow.

Here is a step-by-step guide that may be useful if you are called upon to give an impromptu speech in public.

• Take a moment to collect your thoughts and plan the main point you want to make.
• Thank the person for inviting you to speak.
• Deliver your message, making your main point as briefly as you can while still covering it adequately and at a pace your listeners can follow.
• Thank the person again for the opportunity to speak.
• Stop talking.

As you can see, impromptu speeches are generally most successful when they are brief and focus on a single point.

Extemporaneous Speaking

Extemporaneous speaking is the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes. By using notes rather than a full manuscript, the extemporaneous speaker can establish and maintain eye contact with the audience and assess how well they are understanding the speech as it progresses. The opportunity to assess is also an opportunity to restate more clearly any idea or concept that the audience seems to have trouble grasping.

For instance, suppose you are speaking about workplace safety and you use the term “sleep deprivation.” If you notice your audience’s eyes glazing over, this might not be a result of their own sleep deprivation, but rather an indication of their uncertainty about what you mean. If this happens, you can add a short explanation; for example, “sleep deprivation is sleep loss serious enough to threaten one’s cognition, hand-to-eye coordination, judgment, and emotional health.” You might also (or instead) provide a concrete example to illustrate the idea. Then you can resume your message, having clarified an important concept.

Speaking extemporaneously has some advantages. It promotes the likelihood that you, the speaker, will be perceived as knowledgeable and credible. In addition, your audience is likely to pay better attention to the message because it is engaging both verbally and nonverbally. The disadvantage of extemporaneous speaking is that it requires a great deal of preparation for both the verbal and the nonverbal components of the speech. Adequate preparation cannot be achieved the day before you’re scheduled to speak.

Because extemporaneous speaking is the style used in the great majority of public speaking situations, most of the information in this chapter is targeted to this kind of speaking.

Speaking from a Manuscript

Manuscript speaking is the word-for-word iteration of a written message. In a manuscript speech, the speaker maintains his or her attention on the printed page except when using visual aids.

The advantage to reading from a manuscript is the exact repetition of original words. As we mentioned at the beginning of this chapter, in some circumstances this can be extremely important. For example, reading a statement about your organization’s legal responsibilities to customers may require that the original words be exact. In reading one word at a time, in order, the only errors would typically be mispronunciation of a word or stumbling over complex sentence structure.

However, there are costs involved in manuscript speaking. First, it’s typically an uninteresting way to present. Unless the speaker has rehearsed the reading as a complete performance animated with vocal expression and gestures (as poets do in a poetry slam and actors do in a reader’s theater), the presentation tends to be dull. Keeping one’s eyes glued to the script precludes eye contact with the audience. For this kind of “straight” manuscript speech to hold audience attention, the audience must be already interested in the message before the delivery begins.

It is worth noting that professional speakers, actors, news reporters, and politicians often read from an autocue device, such as a TelePrompTer, especially when appearing on television, where eye contact with the camera is crucial. With practice, a speaker can achieve a conversational tone and give the impression of speaking extemporaneously while using an autocue device. However, success in this medium depends on two factors: (1) the speaker is already an accomplished public speaker who has learned to use a conversational tone while delivering a prepared script, and (2) the speech is written in a style that sounds conversational.

Speaking from Memory

Memorized speaking is the rote recitation of a written message that the speaker has committed to memory. Actors, of course, recite from memory whenever they perform from a script in a stage play, television program, or movie scene. When it comes to speeches, memorization can be useful when the message needs to be exact and the speaker doesn’t want to be confined by notes.

The advantage to memorization is that it enables the speaker to maintain eye contact with the audience throughout the speech. Being free of notes means that you can move freely around the stage and use your hands to make gestures. If your speech uses visual aids, this freedom is even more of an advantage. However, there are some real and potential costs. First, unless you also plan and memorize every vocal cue (the subtle but meaningful variations in speech delivery, which can include the use of pitch, tone, volume, and pace), gesture, and facial expression, your presentation will be flat and uninteresting, and even the most fascinating topic will suffer. You might end up speaking in a monotone or a sing-song repetitive delivery pattern. You might also present your speech in a rapid “machine-gun” style that fails to emphasize the most important points. Second, if you lose your place and start trying to ad lib, the contrast in your style of delivery will alert your audience that something is wrong. More frighteningly, if you go completely blank during the presentation, it will be extremely difficult to find your place and keep going.

Key Takeaways

• There are four main kinds of speech delivery: impromptu, extemporaneous, manuscript, and memorized.
• Impromptu speaking involves delivering a message on the spur of the moment, as when someone is asked to “say a few words.”
• Extemporaneous speaking consists of delivering a speech in a conversational fashion using notes. This is the style most speeches call for.
• Manuscript speaking consists of reading a fully scripted speech. It is useful when a message needs to be delivered in precise words.
• Memorized speaking consists of reciting a scripted speech from memory. Memorization allows the speaker to be free of notes.
• Find a short newspaper story. Read it out loud to a classroom partner. Then, using only one notecard, tell the classroom partner in your own words what the story said. Listen to your partner’s observations about the differences in your delivery.
• In a group of four or five students, ask each student to give a one-minute impromptu speech answering the question, “What is the most important personal quality for academic success?”
• Watch the evening news. Observe the differences between news anchors using a TelePrompTer and interviewees who are using no notes of any kind. What differences do you observe?

Stand up, Speak out Copyright © 2016 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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CHAPTER 11 Speech Delivery

Jan 02, 2020

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CHAPTER 11 Speech Delivery. 11.1 Effective Speech Delivery 11.2 Delivery, Rehearsal, and Audience Adaptation. Lesson 11.1 Effective Speech Delivery. GOALS Explain the characteristics of an effective delivery style. Describe how to use your voice effectively when delivering speeches.

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CHAPTER 11Speech Delivery 11.1 Effective Speech Delivery 11.2 Delivery, Rehearsal, and Audience Adaptation

Lesson 11.1Effective Speech Delivery CHAPTER11 GOALS • Explain the characteristics of an effective delivery style. • Describe how to use your voice effectively when delivering speeches. • Define nonverbal communication and discuss different types.

An Effective Delivery Style CHAPTER11 • Speech delivery • Nonverbal language

Conversational Tone CHAPTER11 • Sounds relaxed and informal • Allows you to talk with, not at, the audience • Sounds as if you are thinking about the ideas and the audience

Developing a Conversational Tone CHAPTER11 • Learn the ideas • Don’t memorize • Rehearse

Be Animated CHAPTER11 • Animated delivery • Lively • Energetic • Enthusiastic • Dynamic • Level of animation

Use Your Voice Effectively CHAPTER11 • Speak clearly • Use vocal expressiveness

Speak Clearly CHAPTER11 • Vocal characteristics • Pitch • Volume • Rate • Quality • Articulation and accent • Articulation • Accent

Use Vocal Expressiveness CHAPTER11 • Changing pitch, volume, and rate • Expressing of certain words • Using pauses

Effective Nonverbal Language CHAPTER11 • Facial expressions • Gestures • Movement • Eye contact • Posture • Appearance

Lesson 11.2Delivery, Rehearsal, and Audience Adaptation CHAPTER11 GOALS • Explain three speech delivery methods. • Discuss how to rehearse your speech. • Identify guidelines for adapting to the audience while giving your speech.

Speech Delivery Methods CHAPTER11 • Impromptu speeches • Scripted speeches • Extemporaneous speeches

Rehearsal CHAPTER11 • Schedule and conduct rehearsal sessions • Prepare speech notes • Rehearse your speech

Rehearse Your Speech CHAPTER11 1. Practice wording your ideas 2. Practice working with your voice and movements 3. Practice using your presentation aids and speech notes

First Rehearsal CHAPTER11 1. Audiotape or videotape your practice session 2. Read through your complete outline two times to refresh your memory 3. Make the practice as similar to the speech situation as possible 4. Write down the time you begin 5. Begin speaking, and present your entire speech 6. Write down the time you finish

Analysis CHAPTER11 • Did you leave out any key ideas? • Did you talk too long on one point? • Did you devote too little time to one point? • Were your speech notes effective? • How well did you do with your presentation aids?

Second Rehearsal CHAPTER11 • Complete second rehearsal immediately after the first • Repeat the six steps listed for the first rehearsal

Additional Rehearsals CHAPTER11 • Wait several hours or until the next day • Rehearse at least one more time • Practice until you are comfortable

Adapt to Your Audience CHAPTER11 1. Be aware of and respond to the audience’s feedback 2. Be prepared to use alternative material you have developed 3. Correct yourself when you make a mistake 4. Adapt to unexpected events 5. Adapt to unexpected audience reactions 6. Handle questions with respect

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How to Make a “Good” Presentation “Great”

• Guy Kawasaki

Remember: Less is more.

A strong presentation is so much more than information pasted onto a series of slides with fancy backgrounds. Whether you’re pitching an idea, reporting market research, or sharing something else, a great presentation can give you a competitive advantage, and be a powerful tool when aiming to persuade, educate, or inspire others. Here are some unique elements that make a presentation stand out.

• Fonts: Sans Serif fonts such as Helvetica or Arial are preferred for their clean lines, which make them easy to digest at various sizes and distances. Limit the number of font styles to two: one for headings and another for body text, to avoid visual confusion or distractions.
• Colors: Colors can evoke emotions and highlight critical points, but their overuse can lead to a cluttered and confusing presentation. A limited palette of two to three main colors, complemented by a simple background, can help you draw attention to key elements without overwhelming the audience.
• Pictures: Pictures can communicate complex ideas quickly and memorably but choosing the right images is key. Images or pictures should be big (perhaps 20-25% of the page), bold, and have a clear purpose that complements the slide’s text.
• Layout: Don’t overcrowd your slides with too much information. When in doubt, adhere to the principle of simplicity, and aim for a clean and uncluttered layout with plenty of white space around text and images. Think phrases and bullets, not sentences.

As an intern or early career professional, chances are that you’ll be tasked with making or giving a presentation in the near future. Whether you’re pitching an idea, reporting market research, or sharing something else, a great presentation can give you a competitive advantage, and be a powerful tool when aiming to persuade, educate, or inspire others.

• Guy Kawasaki is the chief evangelist at Canva and was the former chief evangelist at Apple. Guy is the author of 16 books including Think Remarkable : 9 Paths to Transform Your Life and Make a Difference.

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Table of contents, revolutionizing lesson planning with ai, enhancing assessments with ai, ai assistants and administrative efficiency, personalized learning with ai, professional development and collaboration, ai tools for content creation and curation, speechify text to speech.

In the ever-evolving landscape of education, teachers constantly seek innovative ways to engage learners and streamline their workflows. AI tools have emerged as powerful allies in this quest, offering a plethora of applications that can transform the classroom experience. From creating lesson plans to managing administrative tasks, AI-powered tools are reshaping how we teach and learn. In this article, I'll explore some of the best AI tools for teachers, detailing their functionalities and benefits.

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AI assistants like ChatGPT have become invaluable in managing administrative tasks. From summarizing student work to generating reports, these AI tools can handle numerous tasks that would otherwise consume valuable teaching time. They can also assist in writing IEPs (Individualized Education Programs), ensuring that each student's unique needs are met.

Diffit and MagicSchool.ai are excellent for automating administrative tasks, allowing teachers to focus more on instruction and less on paperwork. These AI platforms offer user-friendly interfaces and robust functionalities, making them ideal for busy educators.

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Creating and curating content is a breeze with AI tools. Canva and Magic Write assist in generating high-quality visual and textual content for lessons, social media, and other educational materials. Curipod and Diffit help in organizing and presenting information in a user-friendly format, making it easier for teachers to deliver effective instruction.

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• Speechify Text to Speech : Speechify converts text to natural-sounding speech, making it a great tool for creating audio versions of docs, summarizing content, and supporting students with learning disabilities.
• Grammarly : Grammarly uses artificial intelligence to improve writing by checking for grammar errors, punctuation, and style issues. It’s an essential tool for teachers and students to enhance their writing skills.
• Khan Academy : Khan Academy uses AI to provide personalized learning experiences through youtube videos and interactive exercises. It's a valuable resource for both teachers and students.
• Quizlet : Quizlet leverages AI to help students study through customizable flashcards and quizzes. Teachers can use Quizlet to create engaging study sets and track student progress.
• Socrative : Socrative uses AI to deliver real-time formative assessments, helping teachers gauge student understanding and adjust their teaching strategies accordingly.
• Edmodo : Edmodo is a social learning platform that integrates AI to facilitate communication, collaboration, and content sharing between teachers, students, and parents.
• Turnitin : Turnitin uses AI to check for plagiarism and provide feedback on student submissions, helping maintain academic integrity and improve writing skills.
• Duolingo : Duolingo uses AI to provide personalized language learning experiences. It's an effective tool for teaching English and other languages through gamified lessons.
• Canva for Education : Canva for Education offers AI-powered design tools that help teachers create visually engaging presentations, worksheets, and other teaching materials.
• AI Dungeon : AI Dungeon uses advanced AI to create interactive storytelling experiences, making it a unique tool for creative writing exercises and engaging students in narrative learning.
• ChatGPT : ChatGPT is an AI chatbot that can assist with answering student questions, generating lesson plans, and providing instant feedback, acting as a virtual teaching assistant.

Cost : Free to try

Speechify Text to Speech is a groundbreaking tool that has revolutionized the way individuals consume text-based content. By leveraging advanced text-to-speech technology, Speechify transforms written text into lifelike spoken words, making it incredibly useful for those with reading disabilities, visual impairments, or simply those who prefer auditory learning. Its adaptive capabilities ensure seamless integration with a wide range of devices and platforms, offering users the flexibility to listen on-the-go.

Top 5 Speechify TTS Features :

High-Quality Voices : Speechify offers a variety of high-quality, lifelike voices across multiple languages. This ensures that users have a natural listening experience, making it easier to understand and engage with the content.

Seamless Integration : Speechify can integrate with various platforms and devices, including web browsers, smartphones, and more. This means users can easily convert text from websites, emails, PDFs, and other sources into speech almost instantly.

Speed Control : Users have the ability to adjust the playback speed according to their preference, making it possible to either quickly skim through content or delve deep into it at a slower pace.

Offline Listening : One of the significant features of Speechify is the ability to save and listen to converted text offline, ensuring uninterrupted access to content even without an internet connection.

Highlighting Text : As the text is read aloud, Speechify highlights the corresponding section, allowing users to visually track the content being spoken. This simultaneous visual and auditory input can enhance comprehension and retention for many users.

The integration of AI tools in education is transforming the way we teach and learn. From lesson planning to assessments and administrative tasks, AI-powered tools like ChatGPT, Canva, Curipod, MagicSchool.ai , and Eduaide.ai are enhancing the educational experience for both teachers and students. By leveraging these technologies, we can create more engaging, efficient, and personalized learning environments that cater to the diverse needs of all learners.

Incorporating AI into your teaching practice might seem daunting at first, but the benefits far outweigh the initial learning curve. These tools are designed to be user-friendly and are constantly evolving to better serve educators. So, why not explore the world of AI tools and see how they can enhance your teaching journey?

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Cliff Weitzman

Cliff Weitzman is a dyslexia advocate and the CEO and founder of Speechify, the #1 text-to-speech app in the world, totaling over 100,000 5-star reviews and ranking first place in the App Store for the News & Magazines category. In 2017, Weitzman was named to the Forbes 30 under 30 list for his work making the internet more accessible to people with learning disabilities. Cliff Weitzman has been featured in EdSurge, Inc., PC Mag, Entrepreneur, Mashable, among other leading outlets.