how to write an ib history thesis

IB History IA - This ULTIMATE Guide Will Get You A 7

Transform your IB History IA with this ULTIMATE guide! Get tips to score a 7 & ace your assignment to unlock your full potential!

Table of content

Introduction, what the hell is ib history ia, history ia rubric & pointers, finalizing your ib history ia topic, steps for effective research, different components of the history ia, identification & analysis of sources, investigation, critical analysis, sample ib history ia topics.

• The first two paragraphs of your Investigation should briefly overview the topic. This is where you interest the reader/examiner. Why is the question you chose relevant or essential?

Being an exploratory subject, History has often worried IB students because it covers everything from World History to Depth studies as a part of the IB Diploma Programme course.

IB History IA is a whole different world of historical investigation that students generally struggle with!

The IB has introduced the IB History IA to help students inquire and get hands-on experience exploring the world we live in, especially in the context of our past. Through the History IA investigation, IB expects students to develop the skills of analytical inquiry and achieve the goal of the  IB DP History course.

But that doesn’t solve the trouble.

Starting with one’s IB History, IA is one hurdle; completing it successfully is another!

Understanding the various facets of this investigation, doing the relevant research, and assembling the findings in an organized manner only to reflect on one’s work, takes more than just articulate planning.

It would help if you had a comprehensive guide to help you select, strategize, investigate and execute in the easiest way possible.

You are at the right place because this article covers everything from IB IA History rubrics to some select topics to get you going on your journey.

We present the ultimate IB History IA guide to help you score a perfect 7!

Before we start, you should check out the premium  IB History HL Notes  offered by Nail IB that cover not only past years’ papers but also curated guides on how to nail your Extended Essays and Internal Assessments. There is no way you should miss out on this premium content!

Also, we have several  sample IB History IAs  that will add value to your work and help you nail your investigation. Do check them out on the go!

But before delving deeper, let’s go through the contents of this article and help you get a clear idea of what this guide offers you:

The IB defines History as a dynamic subject that helps engage with the past strongly. It revolves around historical events of significance and encourages learning about their causation and the changes these events affected. IB History Diploma Programme presents History in terms of the following aspects - 

To get more clarity on the purpose and aim of the discipline, go through  the  information provided about the IB DP History Course by the International Baccalaureate itself. 

The IB History course aims to enhance students’ historical skills and develop a sense of international-mindedness. Through the History IA, IB expects you to critically explore the past with your learned skills.  

A historical investigation on a topic of interest needs to be done by both HL and SL students.

While the IA makes for 25% of the final IB score of History SL, the weightage is 20% for History HL

A few of the advantages of this historical investigation are -

• Helps interpret and understand historical documents and resources
• Helps get a better understanding of the world around us and is of great benefit for students looking forward to taking History or related fields up at university.

Now that we know what the IB History IA is for HL and SL, let’s list the key pointers you should know before you embark on this historic journey. Let’s look at these essential points, shall we?​​​​​​​

Before immersing yourself in the exploration, it is essential to understand how the structure of the IA works. Some necessary protocols that you can’t afford to miss are given below.

• The topic you choose for your investigation should not be an event of the last decade; it should be a historical event.
• The topic needn’t be something you have learned or studied at school.
• The word limit of 2200 words must be followed.
• It would help if you discussed the topic you chose with your teacher for guidance and approval.
• Make sure you regularly update your teacher on the drafts of your work.
• The investigation should not be performed in a group; it is an individual task.
• Make sure there are enough sources relevant to the investigation.
• Ethical considerations need to be taken into account during the entire process. Your instructor/teacher will brief you more on this.
• Finally, the work you turn in should follow the  academic honesty guidelines laid down by the IB .
• Your teacher will assess your submitted IA and moderated by the IB.

The following substantial question is: What topic to choose? Settling on a case can be almost endless, so the next section should be your next station on this journey.

The struggle to land on an IA topic that genuinely interests you is accurate.

But we have compiled a list of points that you can refer to make the right decision.

• Go for a topic that interests you. No use picking up something from the charming contemporary world (WWI or WWII) if it doesn’t get you excited.
• Don’t be vague. Your research question needs to be as specific as possible.
• You can also choose a personal topic for your country, community, or region. This will help you find quality sources and produce a remarkable IA.

Get approval for your research question from your instructor/teacher.

A few sample research questions given by the IB in its guide are as follows:

• How significant were economic problems as a cause of the Bamberg Witch Trials (1623–1633)?
• What were the most important reasons for the failure of Operation Market Garden?

Once you pick a research question, the research you conduct for your investigation plays the most crucial role while kickstarting your exploration. The following section discusses the research that produces a relevant and informative IA.

Let’s talk business.

No matter how great a topic you select, your investigation will disappoint if your research isn’t up to the mark!

What’s important to note is that no matter what sources you pick, credibility is the key. The easiest way to conduct your research is online, no doubt. But if you think Wikipedia is going to answer all the questions you have, don’t.

While online sources can provide valuable information, never scrape off the little content you get.

Dig DEEPER!

This is precisely where  Google Scholar  will come in handy. Triple-check the details you collect. Always, always cite the original source.

Not to mention, books, journals, and academic papers are the numero uno for the research. Try looking up important works by historians and authors in your nearest library. That is set to give a brilliant direction to your process.

This is certainly not the end of it. Visit museums, universities, and several other sites of importance, because the information you will get here is exactly what needs to go into your IA.

We have a good idea of how the first few steps of making the History IA look. We now need to focus on documentation because your work will reflect all your hard work. Without further ado, let’s go!

The IB DP History IA allows all the students to showcase their skills and knowledge as historians. From selecting and analyzing resources to critically reflecting on one’s work by considering several viewpoints, the History IA is the perfect measure of a student’s inquiry skills. A lot goes into assembling and displaying the job in an organized manner.

All in all, the purpose of the History IA is to help students search, select, evaluate and present a viewpoint that follows the sources and the arguments made.

But before we start talking about the components of the IA, you should read the  IB History IA guide  provided by the IB itself. You will learn about the significance of what you’re doing and how you are supposed to be doing it.

The first section of the IA expects you to analyze two sources (primary or secondary) that you have used elaborately.

Other things to be kept in mind -

• State the question you have chosen clearly. Do not be vague. It should be stated as a question.
• You need to mention the relevance of the sources you have picked to analyze. Why were these sources important to your findings or conclusion? What do they offer? Do they give you more clarity in detail or a fresh perspective?
• Thoroughly analyze the two sources. Analyze and discuss the value and limitations of these sources.
• This analysis must be done in the context of the origins (when and by whom), the purpose (why), and the content (what).

The word limit should be 500 for this section.

Section 2 of your IA, the Investigation, is a tougher nut to crack but possible. Be mindful of specific essential points, and you'll be ready. Your Investigation should be nearly 1300 words and aim to answer your IA's question.

Since this is the actual Investigation, it should have a proper structure

• The evidence used by you (as a reference, you may use 2 primary and 3 secondary sources) should be analyzed in different contexts. Try giving an informative counterargument if needed. All the sources should be discussed. You can also bring in diverse perspectives and address them in separate paragraphs.
• The last paragraph should be a concluding statement summarising the Investigation and analysis. Keep it short and precise.

This section deals with your reflecting on the methods used and the challenges you faced during the investigation. The word count for this section must be 400 .

Sample discussion questions given by the IB for this section are -

• What methods used by historians did you use in your investigation?
• What did your investigation highlight to you about the limitations of those methods?
• What are the challenges facing the historian? How do they differ from the challenges facing a scientist or a mathematician?
• What challenges, in particular, does archive-based history present?
• How can the reliability of sources be evaluated?
• What is the difference between bias and selection?
• What constitutes a historical event?
• Who decides which events are historically significant?
• Is it possible to describe historical events in an unbiased way?
• What is the role of the historian?
• Should terms such as “atrocity” be used when writing about history, or should value judgments be avoided?
• If it is difficult to establish proof in history, does that mean that all versions are equally acceptable?  

🔥🔥🔥🔥  SUPER TIP - Sections 1 and 3 of your IA will fetch you marks in the easiest way possible. Make sure you nail these  🔥🔥🔥🔥  

The Bibliography and citing of original works must be done towards the end of the investigation.

We at Nail IB have curated some sample IB DP History IAs for your benefit. Check these out to get a good idea to go about yours. 

Another critical aspect of the IA is the assessment criteria. Knowing what the examiner is looking for in your work is essential. Go through the assessment criteria in the IB History guide before compiling your work.

And that’s a wrap!

We hope this guide will help you understand IB’s expectations from your IA and how to quickly seize that 7 by keeping the essential things in mind. To get a better grip on IB History, check out our premium notes and get closer to nailing your History exam.

Want some A-quality guidance for all things IB? Start your Nail IB journey today, and thank us later!

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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, the complete ib extended essay guide: examples, topics, and ideas.

International Baccalaureate (IB)

IB students around the globe fear writing the Extended Essay, but it doesn't have to be a source of stress! In this article, I'll get you excited about writing your Extended Essay and provide you with the resources you need to get an A on it.

If you're reading this article, I'm going to assume you're an IB student getting ready to write your Extended Essay. If you're looking at this as a potential future IB student, I recommend reading our introductory IB articles first, including our guide to what the IB program is and our full coverage of the IB curriculum .

IB Extended Essay: Why Should You Trust My Advice?

I myself am a recipient of an IB Diploma, and I happened to receive an A on my IB Extended Essay. Don't believe me? The proof is in the IBO pudding:

If you're confused by what this report means, EE is short for Extended Essay , and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay topic coordinated with. In layman's terms, my IB Diploma was graded in May 2010, I wrote my Extended Essay in the English A1 category, and I received an A grade on it.

What Is the Extended Essay in the IB Diploma Programme?

The IB Extended Essay, or EE , is a mini-thesis you write under the supervision of an IB advisor (an IB teacher at your school), which counts toward your IB Diploma (learn more about the major IB Diploma requirements in our guide) . I will explain exactly how the EE affects your Diploma later in this article.

For the Extended Essay, you will choose a research question as a topic, conduct the research independently, then write an essay on your findings . The essay itself is a long one—although there's a cap of 4,000 words, most successful essays get very close to this limit.

Keep in mind that the IB requires this essay to be a "formal piece of academic writing," meaning you'll have to do outside research and cite additional sources.

The IB Extended Essay must include the following:

• A title page
• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography

Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories , or IB subject groups, which are as follows:

• Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature
• Group 2: Language Acquisition
• Group 3: Individuals and Societies
• Group 4: Sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts

Once you figure out your category and have identified a potential research topic, it's time to pick your advisor, who is normally an IB teacher at your school (though you can also find one online ). This person will help direct your research, and they'll conduct the reflection sessions you'll have to do as part of your Extended Essay.

As of 2018, the IB requires a "reflection process" as part of your EE supervision process. To fulfill this requirement, you have to meet at least three times with your supervisor in what the IB calls "reflection sessions." These meetings are not only mandatory but are also part of the formal assessment of the EE and your research methods.

According to the IB, the purpose of these meetings is to "provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their engagement with the research process." Basically, these meetings give your supervisor the opportunity to offer feedback, push you to think differently, and encourage you to evaluate your research process.

The final reflection session is called the viva voce, and it's a short 10- to 15-minute interview between you and your advisor. This happens at the very end of the EE process, and it's designed to help your advisor write their report, which factors into your EE grade.

Here are the topics covered in your viva voce :

• A check on plagiarism and malpractice
• Your reflection on your project's successes and difficulties
• Your reflection on what you've learned during the EE process

Your completed Extended Essay, along with your supervisor's report, will then be sent to the IB to be graded. We'll cover the assessment criteria in just a moment.

We'll help you learn how to have those "lightbulb" moments...even on test day!  

What Should You Write About in Your IB Extended Essay?

You can technically write about anything, so long as it falls within one of the approved categories listed above.

It's best to choose a topic that matches one of the IB courses , (such as Theatre, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, etc.), which shouldn't be difficult because there are so many class subjects.

Here is a range of sample topics with the attached extended essay:

• Biology: The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina
• Chemistry: How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound?
• English: An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors in Emma
• Geography: The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia
• Math: Alhazen's Billiard Problem
• Visual Arts: Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter?

You can see from how varied the topics are that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to picking a topic . So how do you pick when the options are limitless?

How to Write a Stellar IB Extended Essay: 6 Essential Tips

Below are six key tips to keep in mind as you work on your Extended Essay for the IB DP. Follow these and you're sure to get an A!

#1: Write About Something You Enjoy

You can't expect to write a compelling essay if you're not a fan of the topic on which you're writing. For example, I just love British theatre and ended up writing my Extended Essay on a revolution in post-WWII British theatre. (Yes, I'm definitely a #TheatreNerd.)

I really encourage anyone who pursues an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously. I was fortunate enough to receive a full-tuition merit scholarship to USC's School of Dramatic Arts program. In my interview for the scholarship, I spoke passionately about my Extended Essay; thus, I genuinely think my Extended Essay helped me get my scholarship.

But how do you find a topic you're passionate about? Start by thinking about which classes you enjoy the most and why . Do you like math classes because you like to solve problems? Or do you enjoy English because you like to analyze literary texts?

Keep in mind that there's no right or wrong answer when it comes to choosing your Extended Essay topic. You're not more likely to get high marks because you're writing about science, just like you're not doomed to failure because you've chosen to tackle the social sciences. The quality of what you produce—not the field you choose to research within—will determine your grade.

Once you've figured out your category, you should brainstorm more specific topics by putting pen to paper . What was your favorite chapter you learned in that class? Was it astrophysics or mechanics? What did you like about that specific chapter? Is there something you want to learn more about? I recommend spending a few hours on this type of brainstorming.

One last note: if you're truly stumped on what to research, pick a topic that will help you in your future major or career . That way you can use your Extended Essay as a talking point in your college essays (and it will prepare you for your studies to come too!).

#2: Select a Topic That Is Neither Too Broad nor Too Narrow

There's a fine line between broad and narrow. You need to write about something specific, but not so specific that you can't write 4,000 words on it.

You can't write about WWII because that would be a book's worth of material. You also don't want to write about what type of soup prisoners of war received behind enemy lines, because you probably won’t be able to come up with 4,000 words of material about it. However, you could possibly write about how the conditions in German POW camps—and the rations provided—were directly affected by the Nazis' successes and failures on the front, including the use of captured factories and prison labor in Eastern Europe to increase production. WWII military history might be a little overdone, but you get my point.

If you're really stuck trying to pinpoint a not-too-broad-or-too-narrow topic, I suggest trying to brainstorm a topic that uses a comparison. Once you begin looking through the list of sample essays below, you'll notice that many use comparisons to formulate their main arguments.

I also used a comparison in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in order to show a transition in British theatre. Topics with comparisons of two to three plays, books, and so on tend to be the sweet spot. You can analyze each item and then compare them with one another after doing some in-depth analysis of each individually. The ways these items compare and contrast will end up forming the thesis of your essay!

When choosing a comparative topic, the key is that the comparison should be significant. I compared two plays to illustrate the transition in British theatre, but you could compare the ways different regional dialects affect people's job prospects or how different temperatures may or may not affect the mating patterns of lightning bugs. The point here is that comparisons not only help you limit your topic, but they also help you build your argument.

Comparisons are not the only way to get a grade-A EE, though. If after brainstorming, you pick a non-comparison-based topic and are still unsure whether your topic is too broad or narrow, spend about 30 minutes doing some basic research and see how much material is out there.

If there are more than 1,000 books, articles, or documentaries out there on that exact topic, it may be too broad. But if there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it may be too narrow. If you're still unsure, ask your advisor—it's what they're there for! Speaking of advisors...

Don't get stuck with a narrow topic!

#3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic

If you're not certain of who you would like to be your advisor, create a list of your top three choices. Next, write down the pros and cons of each possibility (I know this sounds tedious, but it really helps!).

For example, Mr. Green is my favorite teacher and we get along really well, but he teaches English. For my EE, I want to conduct an experiment that compares the efficiency of American electric cars with foreign electric cars.

I had Ms. White a year ago. She teaches physics and enjoyed having me in her class. Unlike Mr. Green, Ms. White could help me design my experiment.

Based on my topic and what I need from my advisor, Ms. White would be a better fit for me than would Mr. Green (even though I like him a lot).

The moral of my story is this: do not just ask your favorite teacher to be your advisor . They might be a hindrance to you if they teach another subject. For example, I would not recommend asking your biology teacher to guide you in writing an English literature-based EE.

There can, of course, be exceptions to this rule. If you have a teacher who's passionate and knowledgeable about your topic (as my English teacher was about my theatre topic), you could ask that instructor. Consider all your options before you do this. There was no theatre teacher at my high school, so I couldn't find a theatre-specific advisor, but I chose the next best thing.

Before you approach a teacher to serve as your advisor, check with your high school to see what requirements they have for this process. Some IB high schools require your IB Extended Essay advisor to sign an Agreement Form , for instance.

Make sure that you ask your IB coordinator whether there is any required paperwork to fill out. If your school needs a specific form signed, bring it with you when you ask your teacher to be your EE advisor.

#4: Pick an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best

Some teachers might just take on students because they have to and aren't very passionate about reading drafts, only giving you minimal feedback. Choose a teacher who will take the time to read several drafts of your essay and give you extensive notes. I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to make my Extended Essay draft better.

Ask a teacher that you have experience with through class or an extracurricular activity. Do not ask a teacher that you have absolutely no connection to. If a teacher already knows you, that means they already know your strengths and weaknesses, so they know what to look for, where you need to improve, and how to encourage your best work.

Also, don't forget that your supervisor's assessment is part of your overall EE score . If you're meeting with someone who pushes you to do better—and you actually take their advice—they'll have more impressive things to say about you than a supervisor who doesn't know you well and isn't heavily involved in your research process.

Be aware that the IB only allows advisors to make suggestions and give constructive criticism. Your teacher cannot actually help you write your EE. The IB recommends that the supervisor spends approximately two to three hours in total with the candidate discussing the EE.

#5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow

The IB likes structure. Your EE needs a clear introduction (which should be one to two double-spaced pages), research question/focus (i.e., what you're investigating), a body, and a conclusion (about one double-spaced page). An essay with unclear organization will be graded poorly.

The body of your EE should make up the bulk of the essay. It should be about eight to 18 pages long (again, depending on your topic). Your body can be split into multiple parts. For example, if you were doing a comparison, you might have one third of your body as Novel A Analysis, another third as Novel B Analysis, and the final third as your comparison of Novels A and B.

If you're conducting an experiment or analyzing data, such as in this EE , your EE body should have a clear structure that aligns with the scientific method ; you should state the research question, discuss your method, present the data, analyze the data, explain any uncertainties, and draw a conclusion and/or evaluate the success of the experiment.

#6: Start Writing Sooner Rather Than Later!

You will not be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in just a week and get an A on it. You'll be reading many, many articles (and, depending on your topic, possibly books and plays as well!). As such, it's imperative that you start your research as soon as possible.

Each school has a slightly different deadline for the Extended Essay. Some schools want them as soon as November of your senior year; others will take them as late as February. Your school will tell you what your deadline is. If they haven't mentioned it by February of your junior year, ask your IB coordinator about it.

Some high schools will provide you with a timeline of when you need to come up with a topic, when you need to meet with your advisor, and when certain drafts are due. Not all schools do this. Ask your IB coordinator if you are unsure whether you are on a specific timeline.

Below is my recommended EE timeline. While it's earlier than most schools, it'll save you a ton of heartache (trust me, I remember how hard this process was!):

• January/February of Junior Year: Come up with your final research topic (or at least your top three options).
• February of Junior Year: Approach a teacher about being your EE advisor. If they decline, keep asking others until you find one. See my notes above on how to pick an EE advisor.
• April/May of Junior Year: Submit an outline of your EE and a bibliography of potential research sources (I recommend at least seven to 10) to your EE advisor. Meet with your EE advisor to discuss your outline.
• Summer Between Junior and Senior Year: Complete your first full draft over the summer between your junior and senior year. I know, I know—no one wants to work during the summer, but trust me—this will save you so much stress come fall when you are busy with college applications and other internal assessments for your IB classes. You will want to have this first full draft done because you will want to complete a couple of draft cycles as you likely won't be able to get everything you want to say into 4,000 articulate words on the first attempt. Try to get this first draft into the best possible shape so you don't have to work on too many revisions during the school year on top of your homework, college applications, and extracurriculars.
• August/September of Senior Year: Turn in your first draft of your EE to your advisor and receive feedback. Work on incorporating their feedback into your essay. If they have a lot of suggestions for improvement, ask if they will read one more draft before the final draft.
• September/October of Senior Year: Submit the second draft of your EE to your advisor (if necessary) and look at their feedback. Work on creating the best possible final draft.
• November-February of Senior Year: Schedule your viva voce. Submit two copies of your final draft to your school to be sent off to the IB. You likely will not get your grade until after you graduate.

Remember that in the middle of these milestones, you'll need to schedule two other reflection sessions with your advisor . (Your teachers will actually take notes on these sessions on a form like this one , which then gets submitted to the IB.)

I recommend doing them when you get feedback on your drafts, but these meetings will ultimately be up to your supervisor. Just don't forget to do them!

The early bird DOES get the worm!

How Is the IB Extended Essay Graded?

Extended Essays are graded by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34 . You'll be graded on five criteria, each with its own set of points. You can learn more about how EE scoring works by reading the IB guide to extended essays .

• Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
• Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
• Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

How well you do on each of these criteria will determine the final letter grade you get for your EE. You must earn at least a D to be eligible to receive your IB Diploma.

Although each criterion has a point value, the IB explicitly states that graders are not converting point totals into grades; instead, they're using qualitative grade descriptors to determine the final grade of your Extended Essay . Grade descriptors are on pages 102-103 of this document .

Here's a rough estimate of how these different point values translate to letter grades based on previous scoring methods for the EE. This is just an estimate —you should read and understand the grade descriptors so you know exactly what the scorers are looking for.

Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2021 bulletin):

How Does the Extended Essay Grade Affect Your IB Diploma?

The Extended Essay grade is combined with your TOK (Theory of Knowledge) grade to determine how many points you get toward your IB Diploma.

To learn about Theory of Knowledge or how many points you need to receive an IB Diploma, read our complete guide to the IB program and our guide to the IB Diploma requirements .

This diagram shows how the two scores are combined to determine how many points you receive for your IB diploma (3 being the most, 0 being the least). In order to get your IB Diploma, you have to earn 24 points across both categories (the TOK and EE). The highest score anyone can earn is 45 points.

Let's say you get an A on your EE and a B on TOK. You will get 3 points toward your Diploma. As of 2014, a student who scores an E on either the extended essay or TOK essay will not be eligible to receive an IB Diploma .

Prior to the class of 2010, a Diploma candidate could receive a failing grade in either the Extended Essay or Theory of Knowledge and still be awarded a Diploma, but this is no longer true.

Figuring out how you're assessed can be a little tricky. Luckily, the IB breaks everything down here in this document . (The assessment information begins on page 219.)

40+ Sample Extended Essays for the IB Diploma Programme

In case you want a little more guidance on how to get an A on your EE, here are over 40 excellent (grade A) sample extended essays for your reading pleasure. Essays are grouped by IB subject.

• Business Management 1
• Chemistry 1
• Chemistry 2
• Chemistry 3
• Chemistry 4
• Chemistry 5
• Chemistry 6
• Chemistry 7
• Computer Science 1
• Economics 1
• Design Technology 1
• Design Technology 2
• Environmental Systems and Societies 1
• Geography 1
• Geography 2
• Geography 3
• Geography 4
• Geography 5
• Geography 6
• Literature and Performance 1
• Mathematics 1
• Mathematics 2
• Mathematics 3
• Mathematics 4
• Mathematics 5
• Philosophy 1
• Philosophy 2
• Philosophy 3
• Philosophy 4
• Philosophy 5
• Psychology 1
• Psychology 2
• Psychology 3
• Psychology 4
• Psychology 5
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 1
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 2
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 3
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 1
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 2
• Visual Arts 1
• Visual Arts 2
• Visual Arts 3
• Visual Arts 4
• Visual Arts 5
• World Religion 1
• World Religion 2
• World Religion 3

What's Next?

Trying to figure out what extracurriculars you should do? Learn more about participating in the Science Olympiad , starting a club , doing volunteer work , and joining Student Government .

Studying for the SAT? Check out our expert study guide to the SAT . Taking the SAT in a month or so? Learn how to cram effectively for this important test .

Not sure where you want to go to college? Read our guide to finding your target school . Also, determine your target SAT score or target ACT score .

As an SAT/ACT tutor, Dora has guided many students to test prep success. She loves watching students succeed and is committed to helping you get there. Dora received a full-tuition merit based scholarship to University of Southern California. She graduated magna cum laude and scored in the 99th percentile on the ACT. She is also passionate about acting, writing, and photography.

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Tips for success: How to write Section 1 of your IB History IA

March 27th, 2020 Last updated: April 11th, 2023

Having written Section 2 of your History IA, you should then go back and write Section 1, in which you are required to identify and evaluate two of the most relevant sources used in your investigation. In this blog, Anna will walk you through the necessary steps to help you gain full marks for this section.

Clearly state the exact question you have chosen to investigate, e.g. “This study will investigate the question…” or “This investigation will explore the question…”

Need help with your History IB? Meet our IB Tutors here

Next, give a clear explanation of the relevance of the source to the investigation. Why are these sources important in helping you answer your question?

• Do they give a detailed account?
• Do they provide an interesting/important perspective?

This investigation will explore the question “To what extent was Pieter Willem Botha an influence to the peaceful end of Apartheid?” The two key sources I will look at come from a history professor and from a speech from Botha himself, which will give me two important different perspectives for my investigation.

• Identify/choose two important sources that you have used in Section 2.
• The sources can be either primary or secondary or one from each.
• Take one source at a time and complete Steps 5 and 6 for each
• Write about 200 words for each source evaluation.
• Analyse the value and limitations of the source in relation to the investigation, with reference to their origin – one paragraph

Origin – who produced the source and when?

Value of the Origin

The origin of the source helps give it value because …

• What is the author’s/producer’s background?
• Is the author a specialist or historian?
• Someone important?
• When was it produced?
• Where was it produced?
• Someone there at the time?
• Are they benefiting from hindsight?

Source 1: Eades, Lindsay Michie. The End of Apartheid in South Africa. Westport: Greenwood, 1999

The origin of the source helps give it value because Eades is an expert in the field of history, lecturing at the University of Transkei in South Africa from 1989 to 1991 and being a history professor at Chowan College, East Carolina University and Greensboro College in North Carolina. As well as this, by being published in 1999, the author has been able to look at the subject more in depth and analyze the effects of such incident. Furthermore, the fact that Eades is not South African makes the analysis of the book more objective.”

Limitation of the origin

However, the origin of this source also limits its value…

• Are they bias?
• Are they from a particular country?
• Does their political/social/sconomic background have influence?
• Was their position influential?
• Are they writing without the benefit of hindsight?

However, the origin of this source also limits its value because, since it was not written during the apartheid era, some of the information might not be completely accurate. Likewise, the date of publication also limits its value because more information concerning the end of apartheid might have come to light since it was published.

Analyse the value and limitations of the two sources in relation to the investigation, with reference to their purpose and content – one paragraph

Purpose – why was the source produced?

Content – what does the source say?

Value of the Purpose

The purpose of the source is to ……. [Explain why it was produced in the first]. This is of value because…

• It is very specific to the time period/country/theme/group of the investigation?
• The content provides a good overview/detailed account?
• Shows the feelings a particular group/country… at the time?

The purpose of Eades’ book is to go over the changes made to transform the government and the challenges that this new government faced concerning the end of apartheid as well as going through the divisions of the South African society. This is of value because a variety of primary documents, including F.W. deKlerk’s policies as well as Freedom Charters from politicians with knowledge on the topic, are of great use when exploring the causes to the end of apartheid.

Limitation of the Purpose

However, the purpose and content has limitations because ….

Some examples:

• It is too broad/narrow an overview?
• It is too personal/written in private/for the public?
• It was produced to persuade the audience?
• It only shows one groups/countries/persons views?

However, by focusing [the content] mainly on the changes made to transform the government, the author does not make much reference to Botha himself; instead he focuses more on F.W. deKlerk’s policies. As well as this, her basis of her analysis is based on official documents, not taking into account the possibility that these political documents are biased since politicians looked for positive publicity.

Don’t forget to repeat Steps 5 and 6 for the second source.

The IA examples used are from an exemplar published by the IBO – to read the full IA please click here.

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How to get full marks on source questions in history a level: 3. using knowledge to assess the accuracy of a source.

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Tips for writing an EE in History

1. Choose an interesting, unique topic

The first step to any successful Extended Essay (EE) is choosing a good topic. This can actually be one of the most challenging parts of the process! I recommend choosing a topic that, first and foremost, interests you . You’ll be exploring this topic for over a year, so the best way to remain motivated is to research something you actually want to research.

Also choose a topic that isn’t overdone. Your examiner is human, so it’s best to keep them engaged and excited about your topic by writing about an area of history that, perhaps, is a little more obscure. At the same time, make sure it isn’t so obscure that you can’t find many good sources about it. It’s a balancing act. 

Personally, I wrote my History EE about how the March First independence uprisings of 1919 impacted Japanese colonial policies in Korea until 1941 . This topic interested me, was unique, and had ample resources, checking off all of the recommendations! 

2. Use a broad range of sources

Now that you’ve chosen a topic, it’s time to start researching. When you compile resources, try to get a diverse mixture of primary and secondary sources. 

Primary sources are “immediate, first-hand accounts of a topic, from people who had a direct connection with it”; they may include newspaper articles, interviews, photographs, and more. 

Secondary sources are usually produced later on, and talk about a historical event retrospectively and with a layer of “interpretation and analysis”. A prominent historian’s book, for example, is a good secondary source. (Pro tip: if you struggle to find primary sources, many secondary sources will reference or excerpt primary sources, so you can find a lot of them from there!) 

Don’t use textbooks or Wikipedia, as these are considered tertiary sources. Dig a little deeper! 

It’s also important to have a diverse range of sources. In my case, since I was looking at Japan’s colonial policies in Korea, I consulted both Japanese and Korean sources to look at “both sides” of history. By using many different sources, you will show a deeper understanding of your chosen topic. 

3. Have a thesis

Okay, this one seems pretty obvious, but it’s actually easy to forget to have a thesis after so much researching and planning. Remember: you aren’t writing a history report, you’re writing a history essay. A good IB History teacher will constantly wisely remind you: don’t write a narrative. Don’t simply recount the events that happened; instead, say something about the events. After doing all your research and preparation, think about what argument you’ll be developing throughout your essay. 

4. Focus on structure

The EE is 4000 words long, so organization is key if you want to get your points across effectively. I recommend choosing a few key areas within your topic that you want to address. Turn these areas into your “chapters” to give your essay a coherent structure. Here’s an example from my History EE’s table of contents: 

As you can see, I divided up my essay into 4 main chapters with certain subsections. By structuring my EE in this way, my goal was to make it easier for the reader to follow the essay. I recommend creating a table of contents page before you even start your EE, as this will allow you to follow a set structure as you write, improving your organization. 

5. Address multiple perspectives

If you’re aiming to achieve a high mark on your History EE, try to integrate multiple different perspectives into your essay. This shows that your arguments are nuanced and you’ve taken into account contrasting viewpoints before arriving at your conclusion. For example, if you’re arguing that economics was the primary cause of World War I, you should also consider the political and social situation in Europe at the time. But don’t leave it at that! After addressing the counterarguments, you should then discuss why your main thesis statement still stands and is the strongest argument. This will actually make your essay more persuasive. 

These are just some of the tips you should keep in mind as you approach your History EE. While the EE may feel daunting and stressful at times (trust me, I’ve been there), if you think of it as an opportunity to study and write about anything you want to, it can actually become a fun and engaging process. Good luck with your EE! 

Read Tiffany’s overview of the Extended Essay here .

Read Bryan, Nikki, Bianca, and Victoria’s experiences of the EE here .

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Introduction

Step 1: learn the syllabus, step 2: study the past paper questions, step 3: read, write, and think, step 4: get more examples & ideas, step 5: know your time during the exam, historiography, what to aim for, how to write faster by hand, how much to write.

All historical arguments contained or referred to in this article are solely for exam preparation and do not necessarily reflect the view of the author.

This article includes:

• Steps for IB DP History paper 2 revision;
• Some extra tips (they can’t really fit into the steps);
• Study resources;
• My brief essay outlines,

which worked together to help me reach a 7 on paper 2 in my M21 history SL final exam.

This article works best for:

• Final exam prep;
• Short-term revision;
• Developing exam skills, not necessarily historical skills;
• SL students who need to know just enough for paper 2, not any more content for paper 3.

This article uses topic 10 authoritarian states (20th century) as an example.

In my blog article “ Short-Term Revision ”, I mentioned some of my experience preparing for the DP History final exam. I’ll try not to repeat too much of that here.

TL;DR is at the end of this article.

Learn the syllabus by heart.

For example, this is the IB syllabus for topic 10 authoritarian states:

Completing this revision step means that you can recall exactly what’s in the table. By that, I mean every single word in the table . Do make sure you read the description paragraph above, too, but you don’t need to learn it by heart.

Once you do this, every time when you come across a fact, a historical event, or a historiography, you can immediately identify the sub-topic you can use it for in an essay. Then, you can easily think about your arguments and try to structure your essays every time you revise factual information.

Look at the past paper questions to see what have already been asked, and when. The IB questions don’t tend to repeat a lot, especially not in successive exam sessions. This means you can guess the questions that are likely to come up on your exam paper, althugh officially, the IB discourages doing this.

Here are all the past paper questions summarized in one document, both organized by year and by syllabus theme:

You can download the document as an annotated PDF here , or access it here as a google doc without annotations.

This document doesn’t include the M21 questions, because I made it for my own revision before M21. The M21 TZ2 questions for topic 10 roughly stated:

Evaluate the impact of foreign policy on the maintenance of power in two authoritarian states. “Full control was not always achieved in authoritarian states.” Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states.

According to this thread on Reddit , treatment of opposition instead of foreign policy came up for TZ1.

What I found was that:

• Almost every sub-topic appeared fewer than twice in past papers.
• There’s usually a gap of around 2 exam sessions (e.g from M18 to N19) between the questions under the same sub-topic.
• The past paper questions (not counting the specimen papers here) never repeat exactly . They can be similar, but always with a slightly different emphasis.
• Usually, only 2 of the sub-topics (emergence, maintenance, and policy) appear in one exam session , except for once in N19 where question 2 was on both maintenance and policy.
• The appearance of sub-topics is quite balanced.
• It’s very rare that a question asks for only one authoritarian state— only happened twice . (Highlighted in yellow.)
• A few questions have appeared only once or never.

So I made guesses based on the findings and other information, and altered my revision plans:

I chose to ignore emergence and turned to focus on the other two sub-topics. My thinking process is outlined in a section of my blog article “Short-Term Revision”.

The things in pink are what I thought, when I was revising, that would be likely to come up. They were either questions that had never come up before under the current syllabus, or those that had only come up once. Most of them also fitted in the “2 exam session gap” time frame. Those were my priorities.

Apart from these, I was convinced that preparing for compare and contrast, or at least formulating arguments for two states , would be necessary.

Take concise, structured notes for every topic that you revise, especially those that are likely to come up based on what have been asked before. But only take notes if you know you can use them to support your arguments, or you’ll just waste time.

You can follow a textbook to save your time researching, which I found to be extremely helpful. I have talked about some history textbooks in this blog post: My Experience & Tips for IB Textbooks: History SL .

As you take notes, also write down thoughtful arguments . If you’re like me who wants to be safe, you can do that for every single possible essay question. Knowing the syllabus by heart helps a lot here, because that helps you formulate your own IB style questions quickly.

Try to come up with counter-arguments and then counter those counter-arguments to strengthen your original arguments. Add the “debates” into your essay, even if those are just your thoughts going back and forth.

I find it helpful to write out complete sentences when I work on my arguments. That helps me to clear up my own ideas and saves me time structuring my sentences during a tight essay exam. Then, I recommend that you condense the arguments so that you can remember them. I also prefer typing over writing on paper because I can write much faster by typing, and I can organize digital files better than physical ones.

As an example, I wrote a 3-line outline for every essay question I could think of. Each line (out of the 3 lines) summarizes a paragraph in my essay. Of course, this is after thinking about or writing out more detailed notes for my arguments and supporting evidence. This is a preview:

You can download the complete PDF document here . Unfortunately, I don’t have any detailed notes because I lost a lot of data on my laptop during a system update.

There’re a lot of my own short-hand notations in the document. So if you do use this to revise and find something confusing, don’t hesitate to ask me in the comments or via email (see the end of my “About” page). I’ll try my best to recall what I meant.

To emphasis, I repeat: all historical arguments contained or referred to in this article are solely for exam preparation and do not necessarily reflect my view.

This step can be done together with step 3. Sometimes you might run out of ideas or get confused about what kind of arguments the IB likes. Reading more essays can help. Especially, the good ones can give you some inspiration, as well as some excellent arguments to agree with or argue against in your own essay.

Some places to get example essays:

• Textbook appendices
• P2 Example 18 , scored 13/15
• P2 Example 19 , scored 13/15
• Your school teacher
• Your own paper 2 practices over the 2 years
• Your classmates' essays

I recommend that you get a physical copy of each example essay along with examiner’s comments (if any), so that you can read and annotate it carefully.

If you can’t find existing essays, write them yourself ! Write full essays, paragraphs, introduction, even just a short thesis, and kindly ask your teacher for feedback. Try out new writing approaches because you might find better ways to write. You don’t have to time yourself while writing these. At this point, getting feedback is the most important because it helps you improve and further develop your skills and arguments!

To get ideas for essays, you can also look at the indicative content in IB markschemes . The indicative content tends to be more detailed for papers testing the old syllabus (before first assessment 2017) but the new markschemes can also give you some hint.

Get used to the exam environment by practicing timed paper 2 exams. But it’s fine if you do it at the very end of your revision, because knowing what to write can help you write faster than doing anything else, including doing timed paper 2 exams.

However, it’s still important to plan your time prior to the exam and closely follow the plan. In this way, during the exam, you can stay calm so you don’t rush or forget about your arguments.

As an example, this is my plan, with all time and durations in minutes:

At the very beginning of my exam, I quickly calculated the exact time when I would need to finish each task. For example, if the reading time started at 8:33, I would calculate that I would need to finish my mental outline at 8:38, my written outline at 8:43, my intro at 8:48, etc. I wrote down the minute digits on a scratch paper so that during the exam, I could quickly check if my progress matched my plan.

It is possible to get to 12/15 with only a name-dropping of a historian and his/her argument. True personal story. I did that on my final exam.

Take a look at the example paper 2 essays in the Teacher Support Material , too, especially examples 18 and 19. (I’ve mentioned them above.) No historiography, no quoting of historians, but, bang—they both got 13/15 for the topic 10 question.

As long as there are decent original arguments in an essay, the lack of historians' views is fine , unless you’re aiming for 14 or 15 marks. This really alleviated a lot of stress for me.

You don’t need to have a 7 in every single component to get an overall 7 .

This is how I did my calculation before I took my M21 exams.

I used the IB M19 boundaries for SL TZ2, which was the most recent May exam-route session with available grade boundaries:

Using the modified marks and weightings in M21, I calculated that the number of marks needed to get a 7 for paper 2 was 12/15.

So I calculated that if I got:

• Paper 1: 17/24,
• Paper 2: 12/15,

then my total scaled score (out of 100) would be $\frac{20}{25} \times 25 + \frac{17}{24} \times 30 + \frac{12}{15} \times 45 \approx 77.3 %$, which is higher than 74, the boundary for getting an overall 7.

This is true for N20 and M18, too, and should be true for most exam sessions.

Let’s continue to use M19 as our example. The boundary for an overall 7 is slightly lower, so one can afford to lose one or more points. The following combination of marks can all give an overall 7.

Try calculating the overall result for different combinations and choose to work towards the one that seems the most realistic for you. Once you know what marks you need in each component, you have a more specific and a more accomplishable goal.

Notice that because paper 2 is weighted the more heavily (45%), getting a reasonably high mark on paper 2 is more important than on paper 1 or IA .

You don’t have to write prettily, or even clearly—as long as it’s legible in the context. This is my hand-writing at full speed:

Both my teacher and the examiner grading my final exam papers managed to recognize my writing.

Pick a pen in which the ink can flow smoothly and which you don’t need to press hard on the paper to write with.

If your pen has a cap, leave it off the end of the pen. It takes you more effort to move the pen when the cap is attached to the end, especially when you write a lot. I learned this from this YouTube video .

4 sides (on A4 size paper) should be enough. I even wrote only 3 sides several times and that was fine. Quality over quantity.

When we had timed, in-class summative assessments, I almost never managed to finish my essays.

And, although I usually wrote only a few sides, although I couldn’t really finish the essays, I could still get 10-12 marks out of 15. So, absolutely no worries if you can’t finish your essays or you only write 3 sides.

Feel free to ask me any questions in the comments or via email (see the end of my “About” page). I might share a few of my own history essay practices in the future but that’s not guaranteed 😅

• Learn by heart exactly what’s covered in the paper 2 topic you’re studying.
• Look for patterns in the past paper questions and prioritize the ones that you think are likely to come up.
• As you take notes for the possible essay questions, develop strong arguments that can stand counter-arguments.
• Read exemplar/example essays and indicative content in IB markschemes. Write your own essays/paragraphs and ask your teacher for feedback if you can’t find others' essays.
• Plan how much time you’ll use for each paragraph beforehand, so you don’t panic during an exam.
• You don’t need historiography to get to 12/15 (or you only need to name-drop one or two historians if that counts).
• You don’t need all 7s in all component to get an overall 7. Calculate how many marks you need to get the overall grade that you want to narrow down your goal.
• To write faster, use a smooth, light-weight pen. It’s alright to have messy (but legible) hand-writing.
• It’s fine if you write 3-4 sides on A4 size paper or you can’t finish your essays.

Preparing for IB History Exams: Top Study Tips

The International Baccalaureate (IB) History exams are known for their depth and complexity, requiring students to demonstrate a deep understanding of historical events, concepts, and the ability to analyze and interpret historical sources. To excel in IB History exams, it's crucial to have a structured study plan and effective study strategies. In this article, we'll provide you with top study tips to help you prepare for your IB History exams.

 1. Understand the Syllabus

- Start by thoroughly understanding the IB History syllabus. Know the topics, time periods, and regions that will be covered in your exams. The syllabus is your roadmap for what you need to study.

 2. Create a Study Schedule

- Develop a study schedule that covers all the topics and subtopics in your syllabus. Allocate sufficient time to each topic based on its weight in the exam.

- Balance your study time by mixing topics, so you don't get overwhelmed by focusing on a single area for too long.

 3. Read Actively

- When studying historical texts or primary sources, read actively. Take notes, underline key information, and jot down questions or insights that arise as you read.

 4. Use Multiple Resources

- Don't rely solely on your textbook. Utilize a variety of resources, such as academic articles, documentaries, and online lectures, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of historical events.

 5. Analyze Primary Sources

- Practice analyzing primary sources, as they are often a significant part of IB History exams. Primary sources can include historical documents, letters, speeches, maps, and more.

- Pay attention to the context, authorship, purpose, and intended audience of primary sources. This will help you interpret their significance accurately.

 6. Practice Essay Writing

- IB History exams often require essay responses. Practice essay writing by analyzing historical events, developing arguments, and providing evidence to support your claims.

- Learn how to structure your essays with clear introductions, well-organized body paragraphs, and concise conclusions.

 7. Use Flashcards for Key Terms

- Create flashcards for important historical terms, concepts, and figures. Review these flashcards regularly to reinforce your memory of key information.

 8. Compare and Contrast

- A common question format in IB History exams involves comparing and contrasting different historical events or periods. Practice this skill by creating charts or tables to highlight similarities and differences.

 9. Seek Feedback

- Share your essays or practice responses with your teacher or peers for feedback. Constructive criticism can help you improve your writing and analysis.

 10. Simulate Exam Conditions

- When practicing past papers or sample questions, simulate exam conditions. Time yourself and adhere to the time limits to prepare for the real exam's time constraints.

 11. Organize Your Notes

- Keep your notes organized by topic and subtopic. This will make it easier to review your study materials in the weeks leading up to the exam.

 12. Review Past Papers

- Access past IB History exam papers and practice solving them. This will give you a sense of the question formats and the level of detail expected in your responses.

 13. Stay Healthy and Well-Rested

- Prioritize your health and well-being. Get adequate sleep, maintain a balanced diet, and stay physically active. A healthy body and mind are essential for effective study and exam performance.

 14. Stay Informed

- Stay informed about the world's current events, as they may provide valuable context for historical topics you're studying.

 Conclusion

Preparing for IB History exams requires a disciplined and organized approach. By understanding the syllabus, creating a study schedule, actively reading and analyzing sources, practicing essay writing, and seeking feedback, you can build a strong foundation for success in your exams. Remember that deep historical knowledge, effective analysis, and well-structured essays are key to excelling in IB History.

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IB History Extended Essay Topics: 20+ Ideas to Get You Started

by  Antony W

September 3, 2022

Have you searched the web for the best History Extended Essay topics only to come out empty?

Or maybe you some topic ideas in mind but you’re not sure if you can explore the research issue within the scope of an Extended Essay ?  

You’ve come to the right place.

Writing an EE is quite involving. Combine this with class sessions and other assignments that require your attention, and you’re more than likely to find the work overwhelming.

Hire our Extended Essay Writers   today, and benefit from the flexibility of professional writing help on the web.

If all you want is to learn how to choose a topic because you have the time to write the essay yourself, continue reading this guide to learn more.

How to Choose A Good IB History Extended Essay Topic

History falls into the third group of the six IB subject groups which covers Individuals and Societies, including humanities and social science courses.

Choosing is a big part of the IBDP coursework, although by now we assume that you have already settled on doing a history essay. 

You can have a lot of fun when choosing your subjects. However, unlike other topics, history extended essay topics must follow certain guidelines. 

What Makes a Good History Extended Essay Topic?

A good History Extended Essay topic should meet the following requirements:

1. The Topic Should Focus on History Dating Back 10 Years or More

In IB, an issue that’s not older than 10 years is a current event and therefore unsuitable for the History Extended Essay . 

The topic you choose must focus on human’s past, going back far enough to be actual history.

To score high grades for topic selection, your idea for the EE should be at least 10 years older.

2. The Topic Should Be Relevant and Acceptable

You don’t have to choose your topic from the IB history subject. You’re free to choose any topic you want.

However, the topic you choose should be relevant and acceptable.

Your supervisor will review your proposed topic and determine whether you can analyze its historical significance to humanity.

According to IB, the topic must be “worth of study”.

3. Pick a Topic You Can Explore in 4,000 Words

The scope of your chose topic shouldn’t be too wide or too specific.

It should be right enough to allow an in-depth analysis without overshooting the maximum word count or being too shallow.

4. Your Topic Should Allow Critical Analysis and Commentary

Develop an open-ended research issue that allows you to develop an analytical approach rather than a descriptive or a narrative one.

Your research question should start with words like “to what extent” or “how significant”, not words such as “what” or “how”.

5. The Topic Should Be Disciplinary and Academic

Hinge the topic on one of the academic disciplines and treat it academically.

For example, if you choose to write about the Great Depression in the United States of America, you can approach it from an economic perspective.

If you write about the launch of steam technology and its impact on population growth, you may approach the topic from a sociological perspective.

To be clear, academic treatment means the topic allows you to explore primary and secondary sources in your research work, with the main focus being on primary sources because they add more credibility.

You cannot choose Sports or Music topics in this subject except in the case where you can approach them from a historical perspective. When in doubt, consult with your supervisor.

How to Choose a Good History IB Extended Essay

With the guidelines set out, it becomes easier to go through the process of selecting suitable topics.

1. Brainstorming

With such a wide range of possible topic ideas, you shouldn't have trouble with this part. You can literally choose any idea and give it a historical twist.

For example, if you are a techno buff, how about the influence of the steam engine in industry in Europe? If you love archaeology, there is no shortage of historical subjects.

All you have to do at this stage is to write down everything that comes to mind, no matter how unlikely it seems. You can get inspiration from your coursework, friends, popular media, or books you have read from the library.

We recommend that you think about topics you are thoroughly interested in - these will give you the motivation to push through the whole assignment.

2. Narrowing Down

Narrow down the preliminary list by first eliminating any unsuitable topics.

This includes any that are too complex, non-academic (fictional works, for example), and those that don’t seem particularly appealing to you. 

You can also weed out any that are not ‘worthy of study.’ Basically, any that don't meet the guidelines above should be removed at this point.

3. Selection

Now with a list of 3-5 remaining possibilities, you can afford to give each some serious thought. Ask your librarian about the wealth of literature available for each of the possible topics.

Gauge how common they are from the response. Ideally, you want to approach old topics with fresh ideas, or else choose completely new ones so that your essay will be unique and intriguing.

Remember that you can always have a plan B just in case things don’t work out with the first one.

4. Research

Conduct general research into your chosen topic. Online and library sources are the first stop for research.

The idea here is to know what you are dealing with, formulate your approach, understand the concepts, and perhaps identify any gaps. This stage will allow you to get to the most important one of all.

5. Formulate the Research Question

Formulating your research question is the ultimate in extended essay preparation.

This is what will guide your research, align your thoughts, and drive your inspiration.

Most IB scholars say that a good research question is 25% of the work, and we agree.

Sample History Extended Essay Topics 

As promised, here is a list of topic ideas for the IB extended essay in history.

These are meant to be just ideas, a sort of springing board from which you can launch your own investigations into a topic that interests you.

You will also have to formulate your research questions depending on your individual approach.

• The Rwandan genocide.
• The cold war.
• Salem witch trials.
• Pearl Harbour and its significance.
• Explore the first/second Sino-Japanese wars.
• The impact of dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
• Conflict Diamonds – you can explore their economic, ethnic, sociological, or even environmental impact.
• The Rosetta stone and its historical impact.
• The invasion of Nazi by Germany and the USSR, 1939.
• The Crusades and their religious significance/political significance in Europe.
• The rule of Mao in China.
• The Six-Day-War of 1967, and why Israel won. (You can also explore its impact.
•  The role of women in the 1st/2nd World War.
• The place of women in the Victorian era.
• The slave trade and its economic importance in the USA/Europe.
• The fall of the USSR.
• The Cuban missile crisis.
• In light of the Coronavirus, explore the various epidemics in history.
• The development of medicine in history.
• The role of medicine in history.
• The development of military technology during the American Civil War.
• The development of military technology during the World Wars/Sino-Japanese Wars. For instance, explore the use of human torpedoes.
• Land tenure in (some part of) Europe in (some era.) For example, explore the peasant and their land rights.
• The efforts of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in post-apartheid South Africa.
• The Ottoman Empire, it’s rise and fall, economic impact, etc.

To be clear, these topics are mainly ideas meant to inspire. You can easily focus them and craft a good research question for your purposes. Here is an example to show you how.

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

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• History Extended Essay: Definition, Outline, Assessment Criteria

Welcome to the guide on History Extended Essays!

This guide is designed to provide you with an understanding of what a History Extended Essay is, outline the components that need to be included in your paper and provide tips on how to write a successful essay.

This guide will cover:

Definition of a History Extended Essay

Outline of a history extended essay, assessment criteria for history extended essays.

• Brainstorming Process

Writing Strategies

• Citing Sources

Advice on Referencing

Evidence analysis and synthesis, proofreading and finalizing.

By the end of this guide, you should be able to confidently write and submit a History Extended Essay that meets the criteria and will get you the grades you want.

You will learn how to develop great research questions, structure your essay, analyze evidence, and use the right referencing system. We’ll also provide guidance on how to proofread your work and finish it to a high standard.

We hope this guide helps you on your journey to success!

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A History Extended Essay is an essay form that requires a student to provide an in-depth analysis of a chosen topic or event. It typically requires research, evidence collection, and thoughtful reflection on the part of the student. The essay should be structured logically, with a clear beginning, middle, and end. The goal is to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the chosen topic or event and to provide original insights and argumentation.

The essay should contain a thesis statement that sets out the main argument, and the body should then provide evidence and discussion to support the thesis. The essay should have a conclusion that summarises the findings, arguments, and evidence presented. Additionally, it should contain appropriate citations to sources throughout and a bibliography section at the end.

History Extended Essay essays can be written from many different perspectives, including geographical, chronological, political, social, and economic. Good research questions should be open-ended and enable exploration and discovery of multiple viewpoints.

Constructing an effective outline for your History Extended Essay is essential to ensure that you create a clear and cohesive essay. The following advice will help you to create an outline that will enable you to craft a well-structured and successful essay.

Your essay should include three main sections: the introduction, main body, and conclusion. Each section has a particular purpose and contributes to the overall structure and argument of the essay.

Introduction

The introduction of your essay should serve two key purposes. First, you should provide a brief overview of the topic of your extended essay and its context. Second, you should introduce your research question and make it clear to the reader why this is an interesting area of study that is worthy of further investigation.

The main body of your essay should be dedicated to outlining and elaborating upon the evidence that you have gathered in support of your research question. This should include both primary sources such as documents, photographs, and artifacts, and secondary sources such as scholarly works and historical analyses. By carefully examining, analyzing, and interpreting this evidence, you can develop your own arguments and insights in order to answer your research question.

The conclusion of your essay should bring your main argument to a close and suggest future avenues for study. You should also link back to the introduction, summarizing the main points of the essay. This is an important part of the essay because it shows readers what the main point of the essay was and how it reaches a conclusion.

By using these tips, you can ensure that your History Extended Essay has a clear and concise structure that allows you to clearly express your argument. With careful planning and preparation, you can be certain that your essay will be well-written and successful. Good luck!

Understanding the criteria by which your History Extended Essay will be judged is essential to achieving the highest mark. The assessment criteria splits into 5 categories: knowledge and understanding; problem-solving ability; critical thinking; research skills; and writing and presentation. In this section, we will explain each of these criteria in detail.

Knowledge and Understanding

In assessing knowledge and understanding, markers will look to see how well you have absorbed information and facts related to your research question and topic. They will want to know to what extent you have engaged with content which goes beyond the scope of the research question. Further, they will be interested in how you have used that knowledge in constructing a compelling argument in your essay.

Problem-Solving Ability

This criterion focuses on two things: how well you have identified and defined the key problem in your essay and how effectively you have created a solution. Markers will be looking to assess your ability to think pragmatically and solve problems logically. You should pay particular attention to the evidence you present and the structure of your essay when trying to demonstrate your problem-solving skills.

Critical Thinking

To score highly for critical thinking, markers will want to see that you have considered both sides of the argument. Demonstrating critical engagement with the sources you use and providing evidence in support of your own views will be important here. Your essay should also show independent and creative thought, as well as an awareness of wider contexts, such as international or political implications.

Research Skills

To excel at this criterion, you must demonstrate a comprehensive knowledge of different source materials and an understanding of how to best utilize them. You should strive to come to conclusions independently and provide clear evidence in support of those conclusions. In addition, you must ensure that this evidence has been transcribed accurately.

Writing and Presentation

Finally, your essay should be presented impeccably and be free of spelling, grammar and punctuation errors. The essay should have been carefully proofread before handing it in. The content should be clearly structured and organized and the language should be concise and even-toned. Depending on the task, diagrams and illustrations might be necessary, as well as references and bibliography.

Brainstorming Process: How To Develop Brilliant Ideas

Brainstorming is an essential part of writing a successful History Extended Essay. It involves researching, identifying, and analyzing the facts, evidence, and arguments as well as coming up with interesting ideas and research questions.

The first step to brainstorming is to start by asking yourself questions, such as: What would be an interesting topic? What key arguments can I make? What evidence do I need to support those claims? Such questions will help guide your research.

Next, you should research your topic. Start by searching online, reading books, and watching videos or documentaries related to the subject. This will provide you with the necessary information to develop your research question or topic.

Once you have gathered sufficient information, it’s time to analyze it. Ask yourself questions such as: What are the main points? What evidence does each point have? What opposing views exist? By identifying and questioning the different arguments, you will be able to develop more robust and thorough ideas.

Finally, once you have carefully examined the available materials, you should create a list of potential research questions or topics. You should also think of ways to defend or challenge any of the points you have identified. Doing so will help you develop brilliant research questions, evidence and arguments for your essay.

Writing is an essential skill and being able to write effectively with structure, clarity and focus is an invaluable part of success in essay writing. Being able to convey arguments, ideas and facts in a succinct and clear manner is essential for an extended essay . Here are some tips to help you write clearly and effectively.

A well-structured essay is the key to an effective paper. You should start by creating an outline that shows what you plan to cover in each section. Your introduction should be succinct and give a brief overview of the main points of your argument. The body section should include evidence and analysis, using examples when necessary. Finally, your conclusion should draw everything together, summarize the points you have made and provide your reader with any conclusions you have reached.

It’s important to ensure the sentences you use are concise and easy to understand. Make sure to use straightforward language, avoid overly complicated phrasing and make sure each sentence expresses one clear idea. It’s also imperative to break long sentences up into shorter ones and use active voice as much as possible.

In order to write clearly, you must maintain a clear focus throughout your essay. Stick to the point and avoid drifting off topic. Make sure each paragraph has a purpose and don’t engage in digressions or include irrelevant information. You should also ensure that each paragraph connects logically to the one before it and the one after.

Using these strategies when writing your history extended essay can help make sure that your essay is clear, organized and informative. Being aware of these tips and taking the time to incorporate them into your writing process can help you create a successful essay.

Citing Sources – Accuracy and Integrity

When writing a History Extended Essay it is essential that you cite the sources you use in the correct way. Doing so not only strengthens your essay, but also prevents any accusations of plagiarism. Citing your sources accurately shows your reader that you understand the ideas you are writing about and that you have conducted your research responsibly.

By citing your sources you will allow other scholars to identify and verify the information you have gathered for your essay. Every time you refer to a source that is not your own words or ideas, you should acknowledge it by providing a proper citation. Citations are also important when quoting someone else’s ideas, using statistics or any other type of evidence or data.

Failure to accurately cite your sources can lead to accusations of plagiarism, which can have serious consequences. The most common form of plagiarism occurs when you fail to cite a source or incorrectly cite a source.

There are several different citation styles that you need to be aware of before beginning your essay. You should make sure to review each one and decide which will be best for your essay. This guide provides an overview of the different citation methods along with advice on how to use them effectively.

In short, citing your sources accurately and with integrity will ensure that your work is taken seriously and will help to prevent any accusations of plagiarism. It is essential that you familiarize yourself with the different citation styles, and practice citing your sources correctly throughout the writing process.

It is important to reference the sources you use when completing a History Extended Essay. This will demonstrate that you have done your research and allow your essay to be accepted as an academic piece of work. There are several different referencing systems available and it is important to understand how each one works and how to use them effectively.

One common system is the Harvard referencing system. This system requires you to cite the source in the body of the text, followed by a full reference in the bibliography. The ‘in text’ citation should include the author’s name, the year of publication and the page number (if applicable). The full reference should include all the relevant details such as the author’s name, year of publication, specific book title and publisher.

Another popular referencing system is the American Psychological Association (APA) system. This system also requires an ‘in text’ citation and a full reference. The ‘in text’ citation should include the author’s name and year of publication, as well as the page number. The full reference should include all the relevant details, including the author’s name, year of publication, specific book title, place of publication and publisher, as well as any other relevant information.

It is important to make sure that all of the references included in your extended essay are accurate and up-to-date. To make sure this is the case, you should use reliable sources and check the most recent editions of any books you consult. It is also important to check that you have correctly cited the sources in your extended essay, as failure to do so can lead to accusations of plagiarism.

By understanding and correctly using different referencing systems, you can ensure that your extended essay is properly researched and cited. This will help to demonstrate your academic integrity and ensure that your essay is accepted as the pieces of work that it is.

When it comes to writing a History Extended Essay, it’s important to understand the different methods of examining, interpreting, and making use of evidence. Evidence analysis and synthesis can help you to more effectively support your argument when writing an essay.

To begin any analysis and synthesis of evidence, you’ll need to identify the source of the evidence. Ask yourself “Where does this evidence come from?” Is it primary or secondary? What is the author’s perspective? Then, take into account the reliability and accuracy of the source. Also consider the relevancy to your particular topic or argument.

Once you have identified the source, you can start examining and interpreting the evidence. Begin by asking yourself what is being said, and what is the overall opinion of the author? How do they back up their opinion or point of view? Is there bias or any other potential conflict of interest present in the source?

Next, you’ll want to synthesize the evidence. Compile all sources that are related to your argument and look for similarities and differences. You can also compare and contrast different interpretations of the same evidence. This will help you to develop your own opinion on the topic and will enable you to better articulate your argument.

Finally, once you’ve analyzed and synthesized the evidence, make sure that you are able to explain how the evidence ties into your argument. Make sure to cite your sources properly so that your readers can verify where you got your information. Additionally, think about the implications of the evidence and how it might be applicable to other topics or arguments.

Evidence analysis and synthesis is an important part of writing a successful History Extended Essay. By understanding and utilizing these techniques, you will be able to better support your arguments and draw stronger conclusions from your evidence.

Writing A Strong Conclusion

Now that you have completed your history extended essay, it is time to write a strong conclusion to wrap up all of the points discussed. A conclusion should summarize all points made in the essay without introducing new ideas or evidence. Making sure to review and edit following the completion of your first draft is also an important part of the essay-writing process.

When summarizing the points of your essay, it is helpful to revisit the thesis statement and main argument of your paper. Make sure to include the key points and conclusions that you’ve reached in your research. Additionally, be sure to demonstrate how the argument you set out to make in the introduction ties together in the end.

Editing and revising are important steps in creating a great essay. Read over each sentence, making sure that your arguments make sense and flow logically. Check for any grammar and spelling mistakes, and pay special attention to the structure of your sentences. If you feel stuck or confused during this process, looking at model essays can be helpful.

Finally, make sure to follow the citation rules. Be sure your sources are correctly cited and the references are accurate. Citing your sources correctly shows that you have done your research and supports your argument.

Conclusion writing can be tricky, but with the right approach and some practice, you can create a strong conclusion for your History Extended Essay. By following these steps, you can ensure that your essay reaches its full potential and makes a lasting impression on its readers.

Appendix: Examples of Extended Essay Outlines and Evaluation Criteria

Included in the appendix section is an optional resource of sample examples that can help guide you in writing your extended essay. It will include a list of extended essay outlines, evaluation criteria and a recommended reading list. This resource can be beneficial to student’s when brainstorming topics, developing research questions or revising your paper before submission.

Extended Essay Outlines

An extended essay outline will help students define the structure of their paper and organize their argument. The outline will provide a framework for the student to follow and ensure that the points discussed clearly explain the topic question. The outline should also include evidence, analysis and synthesis.

• The introduction should explain the context of the essay and the research question.
• The main body of the essay should include the literature review, analysis of evidence and conclusion.
• The end of the essay should wrap up the argument and discuss the implications of the research.

Evaluation Criteria

When it comes to evaluating an extended essay, there are certain criteria that students should be aware of. The essay should be evaluated based on the research question, the quality of evidence presented, the relevance of the sources used and the way in which the student has synthesized and analyzed the evidence.

• The essay should answer the research question clearly and accurately.
• The source of evidence used must be reliable and up-to-date.
• The evidence should be used to support the argument and conclusions of the essay.
• The structure and language of the essay should be clear and concise.
• Analysis and synthesis of the evidence should be detailed and accurate.

Recommended Reading List and Other Resources

It is important to keep up to date with the latest publications and resources available in order to write an effective extended essay. Here is an example of possible resources that can be included in your reading list: academic journals, books, reports, websites, and interviews.

To ensure accuracy, accuracy and integrity of sources, it is important to cite each resource clearly in your paper. Recommended citation style vary depending on the course being studied, so it is best to check with your professor which citation style to use.

In conclusion, a comprehensive appendix section can be a great asset for writing a successful history extended essay. It can provide additional knowledge and resources for students to refer to in the organization of their paper and to evaluate the success of their writing.

Proofreading and finalizing your History Extended Essay before submission is a crucial step that can mean the difference between success and failure. It is important to take the time to proofread your essay to ensure it is of the highest possible quality.

Before you begin proofreading, read through the essay and assess it for any possible errors. Take the time to review for mistakes in terms of accuracy, spelling, grammar, and style, as well as any incomplete information or incorrect facts.

Once you have identified potential errors and mistakes, begin making corrections where necessary. Pay attention to errors in punctuation and formatting, as well as facts that may need to be revised. Also, check for consistency in style, structure, and formatting throughout the document.

It is also important to check that all sources are cited correctly, and that any quotations used are accurate and referenced properly. Then, review the essay one last time to make sure that all corrections have been made.

Finally, be sure to check the essay against the criteria outlined by the assignment and make any necessary adjustments. Once you have proofread the essay and made all necessary corrections, you should feel confident that your History Extended Essay is complete and ready for submission.

• Last Edit 11 May 2023

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Nick's article, featured in Routledge's " Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern Europe: Development through Internationalization ," highlights his sharp insights and unwavering dedication to advancing the educational landscape. Inspired by his personal motto, "Make education better," Nick's mission is to streamline students' lives and foster efficient learning. His inventive ideas and leadership have contributed to the transformation of numerous educational experiences, distinguishing him as a true innovator in his field.

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In this comprehensive guide, we discuss the essential dates and strategies for managing your submissions effectively. Understanding these deadlines is vital when preparing for the May or November exam sessions. From planning early and using digital tools to track your progress to communicating with teachers and handling unforeseen challenges, this article provides you with all the insights and tips you need to master the timing of your IAs.

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IB History Thesis Statement Writing for Essays

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This is a step by step slide deck on how to write a thesis statement to address IB Prompts for the IB history exam. This could be used for any higher level history writing class. This can be used with How to Write Paper 2 or 3... (see my store)

How do I use it?

I use this when introducing essay writing- we write several together using prompts from our first unit.

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Craft a strong thesis for Paper 2

Quick lesson on writing and phrasing a strong thesis.

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IB History IA Guide

The International Baccalaureate (IB) History Internal Assessment (IA) is an essential component of the IB Diploma Programme. It provides students with an opportunity to showcase their historical research, analytical skills, and critical thinking abilities. This article aims to guide students through the process of completing a successful IB History IA by providing invaluable tips and strategies.

Firstly, understanding the purpose of the IB History IA is crucial. It requires students to formulate a relevant and manageable research question, conduct thorough primary and secondary research, organize their IA structure effectively, analyze and evaluate historical sources critically, use proper citations and referencing techniques, edit and proofread for clarity and coherence, seek feedback for improvements, and ultimately finalize and submit their IA.

By adhering to these guidelines, students can ensure that their IB History IA meets the rigorous standards set by the IB curriculum. Whether you are just beginning your IA or in need of some last-minute guidance before submission, this article will serve as a valuable resource to help you excel in your IB History studies while maintaining a safe academic environment.

Key Takeaways

• IB History IA is an essential component of the IB Diploma Programme, showcasing research, analytical skills, and critical thinking abilities.
• The IA involves formulating a relevant and manageable research question, conducting primary and secondary research, and organizing the IA structure effectively.
• Thorough primary and secondary research is essential for comprehensive evidence and understanding, with primary sources providing firsthand accounts and secondary sources offering interpretations and analyses.
• Analyzing and evaluating historical sources require a systematic approach, including examining reliability, bias, and contextual relevance, and incorporating different perspectives and interpretations for a well-rounded understanding.

Understanding the Purpose of the IB History IA

The purpose of the IB History IA is to provide students with an opportunity to engage in historical investigation and develop their skills in research, analysis, and critical thinking. This task allows them to explore a topic of their choice within the framework of the IB history curriculum. By conducting primary and secondary research, students are able to delve deeper into historical events or themes, analyze various perspectives, and critically evaluate evidence. Through this process, they gain a better understanding of how history is constructed and interpreted.

The IB History IA is designed to challenge students academically and foster their intellectual growth. It encourages them to think critically about sources, question assumptions, and form logical arguments based on evidence. Additionally, it helps students develop essential skills such as effective communication, organization, time management, and independent inquiry.

Selecting a relevant and manageable research question plays a crucial role in the success of the IB History IA. By carefully choosing a question that aligns with their interests and resources available, students can effectively carry out their investigation. The next section will discuss the importance of selecting an appropriate research question for this task.

Selecting a Relevant and Manageable Research Question

When selecting a relevant and manageable research question for an IB history IA, it is important to adopt an academic style of writing that is objective and impersonal in order to engage the audience. This ensures that the research question remains unbiased and allows for a thorough analysis of historical events. One way to facilitate this process is by using a table format to organize potential research questions. The table below provides an example:

Research QuestionRelevanceManageabilityHow did the Treaty of Versailles impact post-World War I Germany?HighManageableWhat role did women play in the American Civil Rights Movement?HighManageableTo what extent did propaganda shape public opinion during World War II?MediumManageable

By evaluating each potential research question based on its relevance and manageability, historians can make informed decisions about which topic to pursue. Additionally, considering the safety aspect, it is essential to choose a research question that does not promote hate speech or discrimination.

Conducting thorough primary and secondary research becomes easier once a suitable research question has been selected.

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Conducting Thorough Primary and Secondary Research

Conducting thorough primary and secondary research is essential in order to gather comprehensive evidence and gain a deeper understanding of the historical context being studied. Primary sources, such as original documents or artifacts from the time period being investigated, provide firsthand accounts and perspectives that are invaluable for historians. These sources can include diaries, letters, photographs, interviews, or government records. On the other hand, secondary sources offer interpretations and analyses of primary sources by experts in the field. They provide context, different perspectives, and scholarly insights that help historians develop a well-rounded understanding of the topic.

When conducting primary research, it is important to critically evaluate the reliability and credibility of the sources. Historians must consider factors such as bias or political agenda that may influence the accuracy of information presented in these sources. Additionally, cross-referencing multiple primary sources helps to verify facts and validate claims.

Secondary research involves consulting books, journal articles, documentaries, or academic websites written by established scholars. These secondary sources allow historians to explore various interpretations of events and analyze different viewpoints. By examining both primary and secondary sources thoroughly, historians can construct an objective narrative based on robust evidence.

Transitioning into organizing your IA structure and format without explicitly stating 'step,' it is crucial to establish an effective framework for presenting your findings in a coherent manner while maintaining clarity throughout your IA.

Organizing Your IA Structure and Format

Organizing your IA structure and format plays a crucial role in presenting your findings coherently and maintaining clarity throughout the investigation. A well-structured IA not only helps you stay focused on the key aspects of your research but also allows your readers to follow your arguments effectively. To achieve this, it is important to start with a clear introduction that outlines the purpose and scope of your investigation. This should be followed by a logical progression of sections that highlight different aspects of your research, such as background information, methodology, analysis, and conclusion.

In terms of format, it is advisable to use headings and subheadings to indicate the main sections and subsections within your IA. This makes it easier for both you and your readers to navigate through the document. Additionally, using bullet points or numbered lists can help organize information in a concise and structured manner.

By organizing your IA effectively, you ensure that each section flows smoothly into the next, allowing for a coherent presentation of ideas. This not only enhances readability but also facilitates critical evaluation by providing a clear framework for analyzing and evaluating historical sources in the subsequent section.

Analyzing and Evaluating Historical Sources

The analysis and evaluation of historical sources require a systematic approach that involves critically examining the reliability, bias, and contextual relevance of each source in order to draw accurate conclusions about the historical event or period being studied. It is crucial to assess the reliability of a source by considering factors such as the author's expertise, potential biases, and the purpose for which it was created. In addition, understanding the context in which a source was produced is essential for interpreting its meaning accurately. Sources should be analyzed in relation to each other and compared with alternative perspectives to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the event or period under investigation.

When evaluating sources, it is important to use language that ensures safety for all audiences. This means avoiding language that may offend or marginalize particular groups based on race, gender, religion, or any other identifying characteristic. By promoting inclusivity and respect through our language choices, we create an environment where diverse perspectives can be shared and valued.

Incorporating different perspectives and interpretations into our analysis allows us to gain a more nuanced understanding of historical events. By considering multiple viewpoints, we can identify areas of agreement and disagreement among historians and make informed judgments about the significance of various sources. This approach helps us avoid presenting a one-sided narrative and enables us to develop a well-rounded interpretation of history.

Incorporating Different Perspectives and Interpretations

In the previous subtopic, we explored the process of analyzing and evaluating historical sources. Now, let us delve into the significance of incorporating different perspectives and interpretations into our historical analysis. This aspect is crucial as it allows us to gain a comprehensive understanding of past events, as well as foster empathy and tolerance in our pursuit of knowledge.

To truly grasp the complexity of history, it is essential to consider multiple viewpoints. By examining differing perspectives, we can shed light on various social, cultural, and political factors that influenced historical events. This exercise encourages us to challenge preconceived notions and biases that may hinder our understanding. Moreover, by incorporating diverse interpretations, we ensure that a fuller picture emerges from the fragmented pieces of history.

Incorporating different perspectives can evoke a range of emotional responses in the audience:

• Empathy: It enables us to put ourselves in others' shoes and understand their experiences.
• Compassion: We develop an appreciation for the struggles faced by individuals from different backgrounds or circumstances.
• Open-mindedness: It fosters a willingness to consider alternative viewpoints without judgment or prejudice.
• Tolerance: It promotes acceptance and respect for diverse opinions and cultures.

Understanding these emotional responses paves the way for applying historical concepts and contextualization in our analysis.

Applying Historical Concepts and Contextualization

Applying historical concepts and contextualization requires an analytical approach that considers the broader social, cultural, and political factors influencing a particular event or time period. By examining these factors, historians can gain a deeper understanding of the motivations, actions, and consequences associated with historical events. This process involves analyzing primary and secondary sources to extract relevant information and identify patterns or trends. Historical concepts such as causation, change and continuity, significance, and perspective provide frameworks for organizing this information into coherent narratives.

Contextualization plays a crucial role in interpreting historical events accurately. It involves considering the circumstances in which an event took place by examining the prevailing ideologies, power structures, economic systems, and societal norms of the time. By placing events within their proper historical context, historians can avoid anachronistic interpretations that impose modern values onto past societies.

Moreover, analyzing history through a contextual lens allows for a more nuanced understanding of complex issues like imperialism or revolution. It highlights the multiplicity of perspectives and challenges simplistic narratives that often dominate popular discourse.

Transitioning into the subsequent section about developing a coherent and well-supported argument requires careful consideration of evidence from diverse sources. By synthesizing relevant information gathered through applying historical concepts and contextualization techniques, historians can construct arguments that are comprehensive and supported by credible evidence.

Developing a Coherent and Well-supported Argument

In the previous subtopic, we explored the application of historical concepts and contextualization in the study of history. By analyzing primary sources and considering the broader historical context, historians are able to gain a deeper understanding of events and phenomena. Building on this foundation, the current subtopic delves into the importance of developing a coherent and well-supported argument.

Developing a coherent argument requires careful analysis and interpretation of evidence. Historians must critically evaluate sources, identifying biases and considering multiple perspectives. This process ensures that their arguments are grounded in solid evidence rather than personal opinion.

Furthermore, a well-supported argument is built upon rigorous research. Historians must consult a wide range of sources, both primary and secondary, to gather information from different viewpoints. These sources provide credibility to their arguments and demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

By presenting a clear line of reasoning supported by reliable evidence, historians can effectively communicate their ideas to others. This fosters dialogue and encourages further exploration of historical topics.

Transitioning into the subsequent section about using proper citations and referencing, it is important for historians to acknowledge their sources accurately in order to maintain academic integrity.

Using Proper Citations and Referencing

Transitioning to the examination of proper citations and referencing, historians must adhere to guidelines that accurately acknowledge their sources, thereby upholding academic integrity. In order to ensure safety in historical research, it is essential for historians to use language that is appropriate for their audience. By employing neutral and objective language, historians can present their findings without bias or personal opinions, fostering an environment of trust and reliability. Furthermore, using proper citations and referencing not only gives credit where it is due but also allows readers to verify the information presented. This practice adds credibility to the research and prevents any potential accusations of plagiarism or intellectual dishonesty. Historians should utilize standardized citation formats such as MLA or APA style to maintain consistency and clarity throughout their work.

Additionally, accurate citations and referencing enable readers to explore further by accessing the cited sources directly. This promotes transparency in research and encourages a deeper engagement with the subject matter. Moreover, proper citations provide a foundation for future scholars who may wish to build upon existing knowledge or conduct further investigations.

Utilizing proper citations and referencing serves as a crucial aspect of historical research that upholds academic integrity while ensuring safety in presenting information objectively. Moving forward into the subsequent section about editing and proofreading for clarity and coherence will further enhance the overall quality of historical scholarship.

Editing and Proofreading for Clarity and Coherence

Editing and proofreading play a crucial role in historical research as they ensure the clarity and coherence of the information presented, allowing for a deeper understanding and engagement with the subject matter. To effectively convey historical findings, it is essential to eliminate errors that could hinder comprehension. One way to achieve this is by carefully editing and proofreading written work.

In order to maintain reader interest, it can be helpful to incorporate visual elements into academic writing. For instance, a 3x4 table can be used to present relevant data or comparisons in a concise and organized manner. By visually organizing information, readers can easily grasp key points without feeling overwhelmed by lengthy paragraphs or complex sentences.

Moreover, using language appropriate for an audience that desires safety is imperative when conveying historical research. This includes avoiding biased language or controversial statements that may alienate certain readers. By employing neutral terminology and presenting facts objectively, historians can create an inclusive environment where all perspectives are welcomed.

As we move towards seeking feedback and revisions, it becomes evident that editing and proofreading are vital steps in the process of producing high-quality historical research. These activities not only enhance the clarity and coherence of the work but also enable researchers to refine their arguments further based on constructive criticism.

Seeking Feedback and Revisions

Seeking feedback and revisions is an essential aspect of the research process, allowing historians to refine their work and ensure its accuracy and impact. By soliciting input from peers, mentors, or teachers, historians can gain valuable insights into areas that require improvement or clarification. This external perspective helps in identifying any weaknesses or biases in their arguments and strengthens the overall quality of the IA.

Feedback serves as a means to enhance objectivity in historical analysis. Historians often become deeply invested in their research, making it difficult to identify potential flaws or gaps. Seeking feedback enables them to distance themselves from their work and view it through a more critical lens. This process ultimately leads to a more balanced and well-rounded exploration of historical events.

Moreover, seeking feedback fosters collaboration within the academic community. Historians can engage in discussions with others who share similar interests or expertise, thereby enriching their understanding of the topic at hand. Additionally, receiving feedback allows historians to contribute constructively to ongoing debates within their field.

Seeking feedback and engaging in revisions are crucial steps for historians writing an IB History IA. It ensures accuracy, enhances objectivity, promotes collaboration, and ultimately strengthens the overall quality of the final submission without compromising integrity or safety considerations. Next up: Finalizing and submitting your IB History IA

Finalizing and Submitting Your IB History IA

Finalizing and submitting the IB History IA requires meticulous attention to detail, adherence to formatting guidelines, and a thorough review of the content to ensure its cohesiveness and effectiveness in conveying historical analysis. As students approach the final stages of their IA, it is crucial to pay close attention to the formatting requirements set by the International Baccalaureate (IB). This includes following guidelines regarding font size, margins, referencing style, and word limit. Additionally, students should carefully proofread their work for grammatical errors and typos.

In terms of content, it is important for students to ensure that their IA provides a clear argument or research question that aligns with historical analysis. The information presented should be well-structured and supported by relevant evidence from primary and secondary sources. Students should also consider the overall coherence of their argumentation and whether each paragraph contributes effectively to their thesis.

Once all revisions have been made, it is essential for students to seek feedback from their teachers or peers before finalizing their IA. This external perspective can provide valuable insights on areas that may require further improvement or clarification.

When submitting the IA, students must ensure they meet all necessary deadlines set by their school or IB coordinator. It is recommended to keep a copy of the submitted work for personal records.

By following these steps with careful attention to detail and adhering closely to formatting guidelines as outlined by the IB history curriculum, students can confidently finalize and submit an effective IB History IA that conveys a strong historical analysis while meeting academic standards.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many sources should i include in my ib history ia.

Including a sufficient number of sources in an IB History IA is crucial for a comprehensive analysis. While there is no fixed rule, it is generally recommended to include a minimum of 8-10 credible and diverse sources to ensure accuracy and validity in the research process.

Can I use personal anecdotes or experiences as evidence in my IA?

Personal anecdotes or experiences should not be used as evidence in an IB History IA. This is because the IA requires objective and impersonal analysis based on reliable sources, rather than subjective personal accounts.

How long should my IB History IA be?

The length of an IB History IA can vary, but it is generally recommended to be around 2,000 to 2,200 words. It should include a clear introduction, analysis of sources and evidence, and a conclusion.

Can I include images or visual aids in my IA?

Yes, images or visual aids can be included in an IB History IA. They can provide additional evidence and enhance the understanding of the topic for both the writer and the reader.

Is it necessary to include a bibliography in my IA?

Including a bibliography in an IA is necessary as it provides evidence of thorough research, acknowledges sources, and allows readers to verify information. It ensures academic integrity and promotes transparency in the research process.

In conclusion, the IB History IA requires a systematic approach to effectively analyze and evaluate historical sources. By selecting a relevant research question and conducting thorough primary and secondary research, students can organize their IA in a coherent structure and format. Additionally, using proper citations and referencing is essential to maintain academic integrity. Editing for clarity and seeking feedback for revisions are crucial steps before finalizing and submitting the IA. Adhering to these guidelines will ensure a well-researched and well-presented IB History IA.

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IB History IA: 60 Examples and Guidance

Charles Whitehouse

The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme program offers a variety of assessments for students, including Internal Assessments (IAs), which are pieces of coursework marked by students’ teachers. The History Internal Assessment (IA) is an essential component of the course and accounts for 20% of the final grade for Higher Level students and 25% for Standard Level students - although it is the same task for both levels.

In this article, we will cover everything you need to know about the IB History IA, including the structure, assessment criteria, and some tips for success.

What is the History IA?

The History IA is a historical investigation into a subject of the student’s choosing. History tutors suggest that it should be a maximum of 2,200 words, split between 3 separate sections.

Section 1 (suggested 500 words) - 6 marks In this section, you will critically analyse two key sources that are relevant to your research question. You must:

• Clearly state the research question you have chosen to investigate, phrased as a question.
• Provide a brief explanation of the nature of the two sources you have selected for detailed analysis, including how they are relevant to your investigation.
• Analyze the two sources in detail, considering their origins, purpose, and content. You should evaluate the value and limitations of the sources in relation to your research question.

Section 2 (suggested: 1,300 words) - 15 marks

In this section, you will conduct the actual investigation into your research question. The internal assessment task allows for a wide variety of historical investigations , such as:

• a historical topic or theme using written sources or a variety of sources
• a historical topic based on fieldwork, for example, a museum, archeological site, battlefields, places of worship such as mosques or churches, historical buildings
• a historical problem using documents (this could include newspapers)
• a local history study
• a historical study based on oral interviews
• a historical investigation based on interpreting a novel, film or work of art
• a historical investigation of cultural issues.

The investigation should be well-organised and clearly focused on the research question. While there is no specific format required, it should include critical analysis and a conclusion drawn from the analysis. You should use a variety of evidence to support your argument, including primary and secondary sources .

Section 3 (suggested: 400 words) - 4 marks In this section, you will reflect on the methods you used and challenges you faced during your investigation. You should relate your reflection specifically to your investigation and your experience as a historian, and then think more widely about how knowledge is produced in the discipline of history.

The IB suggests following these questions to inspire your reflection:

• What methods used by historians did you use in your investigation?
• What did your investigation highlight to you about the limitations of those methods?
• What are the challenges facing the historian? How do they differ from the challenges facing a scientist or a mathematician?
• What challenges in particular does archive-based history present?
• How can the reliability of sources be evaluated?
• What is the difference between bias and selection?
• What constitutes a historical event?
• Who decides which events are historically significant?
• Is it possible to describe historical events in an unbiased way?
• What is the role of the historian?
• Should terms such as “atrocity” be used when writing about history, or should value judgments be avoided?
• If it is difficult to establish proof in history, does that mean that all versions are equally acceptable?

Even A-Level tutors who specialise in A-Level History recognise the value of the History IA, appreciating its benefits and say that it should be a part of the A-Level curriculum as well to promote better learning.

Have a look at our comprehensive set of IB History Study Notes , IB History Past Papers and IB History Questions , developed by expert IB teachers and examiners!

What should I write my IA about?

It is important to note that formulating an appropriate research question is a crucial aspect of this section, which is why many students get the help of an IB History tutor to help witht the subject or even an IB English tutor to improve their essay writing skills. The six key concepts of the history course (causation, consequence, continuity, change, significance, and perspectives) can be a useful starting point for developing your research question.

Your IA can focus on something you’ve learnt about in class or develop a personal historical interest. It is best to choose a topic that you are familiar with and that you can easily access sources about.

Here are over 60 examples of potential questions and investigations compiled by IB tutors which could inspire your History IA, depending on the historical topics which you are familiar with and interested in:

1 - How justified was appeasement as a policy in the 1930s? 2 - How influential was nationalism in Germany before 1848? 3 - How decisive was Bismarck’s role in German unification? 4 - How far did the financial crisis of 1789 cause the French Revolution? 5 - How successful was the League of Nations in the 1920s? 6 - How far was the League of Nations a humanitarian success? 7 - Were technological developments the most important factor in determining the outcome of WW2? 8 - To what extent did the legal rights of women improve in Britain, 1860-1900? 9 - How central was education to Nazi Germany? 10 - To what extent can Nixon’s Vietnamization policy be considered a success? 11 - How important was the Yalta conference to the start of the Cold War? 12 - Investigating the impact of the Industrial Revolution on working-class living conditions in a specific country. 13 - How did the Cold War shape foreign policy decisions in a specific country? 14 - Can the impact of the American Civil War on slavery and race relations be analyzed using primary sources? 15 - Investigating the social and economic impacts of colonialism on a specific region or country. 16 - How did World War I shape the geopolitical landscape of Europe in the 20th century? 17 - Can the impact of the Vietnam War on American society be analyzed using popular culture as primary sources? 18 - Investigating the impact of the Russian Revolution on the formation of the Soviet Union. 19 - How did the Women's Suffrage Movement impact political participation and representation in a specific country? 20 - Can the impact of the Civil Rights Movement on race relations in America be analyzed using primary sources? 21 - Investigating the impact of the Great Depression on political and economic policies in a specific country. 22 - How did the Renaissance shape art, literature, and intellectual thought in Europe? 23 - Can the impact of the Holocaust on Jewish communities and survivors be analyzed using primary sources? 24 - Investigating the social and cultural impacts of the Harlem Renaissance on African American communities. 25 - How did the Space Race shape scientific exploration and international relations during the Cold War? 26 - Can the impact of the Chinese Cultural Revolution on Chinese society and politics be analyzed using primary sources? 27 - Investigating the impact of the French Revolution on European politics and society in the 19th century. 28 - How did the Arab-Israeli conflict shape Middle Eastern politics and international relations? 29 - Can the impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis on US foreign policy and Cold War tensions be analyzed using primary sources? 30 - Investigating the impact of the Protestant Reformation on religious and political institutions in Europe. 31 - How did the Civil Rights Movement impact political and social changes in a specific country? 32 - Can the impact of the Spanish Inquisition on Spanish society and politics be analyzed using primary sources? 33 - Investigating the social and political impacts of the British Empire on colonized countries and regions. 34 - How did the Enlightenment shape intellectual thought and political institutions in Europe? 35 - Can the impact of the Indian Independence Movement on Indian society and politics be analyzed using primary sources? 36 - Investigating the impact of the Transatlantic Slave Trade on African communities and diaspora. 37 - How did the American Revolution shape American politics and identity in the 19th and 20th centuries? 38 - Can the impact of the Rwandan Genocide on Rwandan society and politics be analyzed using primary sources? 39 - Investigating the social and cultural impacts of the Civil Rights Movement on African American communities in a specific country. 40 - How did the rise of Nazism and Fascism shape European politics and international relations before World War II? 41 - Can the impact of the Haitian Revolution on Caribbean society and politics be analyzed using primary sources? 42 - Analyzing the causes and consequences of the American Civil Rights Movement. 43 - Investigating the impact of colonization on the culture and society of indigenous peoples. 44 - Examining the role of women in the suffrage movement and the fight for equal rights. 45 - Analyzing the causes and effects of the Cuban Revolution on Cuban society and politics. 46 - Investigating the impact of the Renaissance on art, science, and humanism. 47 - Examining the role of nationalism in the unification of Italy and Germany in the 19th century. 48 - Analyzing the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution on society and the economy. 49 - Investigating the impact of the French Revolution on the rise of democracy and liberalism. 50 - Examining the role of propaganda in shaping public opinion during World War II. 51 - Analyzing the causes and effects of the Cold War on global politics and international relations. 52 - Investigating the impact of imperialism on the economy and society of colonial powers and colonies. 53 - Analyzing the causes and effects of the Black Death on medieval Europe. 54 - Investigating the impact of the Enlightenment on political thought and revolution. 55 - Examining the role of human rights activism in the struggle for social justice and equality. 56 - Analyzing the causes and effects of the Mexican Revolution on Mexican society and politics. 57 - Investigating the impact of the Mongol Empire on Eurasian trade and cultural exchange. 58 - Examining the role of slavery in the development of the Atlantic economy and global trade. 59 - Analyzing the causes and effects of the Russian Revolution on Russian society and politics. 60 - Investigating the impact of the Transatlantic Slave Trade on African societies and cultures. 61 - Examining the role of protest and civil disobedience in social and political change. 62 - Analyzing the causes and effects of the Protestant Reformation on European society and religion. 63 - Investigating the impact of the Silk Road on trade and cultural exchange in Eurasia. 64 - Examining the role of ideology in the rise of totalitarian regimes in the 20th century. 65 - Analyzing the causes and effects of the Spanish-American War on Spanish and American society and politics. 66 - Investigating the impact of the Crusades on European and Middle Eastern societies and cultures. 67 - Examining the role of technology in warfare and military strategy throughout history. 68 - Analyzing the causes and effects of the Partition of India on South Asian society and politics. 69 - Investigating the impact of the Age of Exploration on global trade and cultural exchange. 70 - Examining the role of revolutions in the development of modern nation-states and democracy.

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What are the assessment criteria?

Before starting the IA, you should remind yourself of the marking criteria from the IB. Paying close attention to hitting each criterion will allow you to maximise your score.

Criterion A: Identification and evaluation of sources (6 marks)

To score highly, the student should:

• Clearly state their research question
• Identify and select relevant sources
• Clearly explain how the sources relate to the research question
• Perform a thorough analysis and evaluation of the two sources
• Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the sources in relation to the research question, specifically considering the sources' origins, purpose, and content

Criterion B: Investigation (15 marks) The investigation should:

• Be clear, coherent and effectively organized
• Contain well-developed critical analysis that is focused clearly on the stated question
• Use evidence from a range of sources effectively to support the argument
• Evaluate different perspective
• Argue to a reasoned conclusion that is consistent with the evidence and arguments provided

Criterion C: Reflection (4 marks)

The reflection should:

• Be clearly focused on what the investigation highlighted to the student about the methods used by the historian
• Demonstrate clear awareness of challenges facing the historian and/or limitations of the methods used by the historian
• Clearly connect the reflection to the rest of the investigation

What sources should I use for Section 1?

You could use primary or secondary sources for Section 1. Primary sources provide a first-hand account of an event or time period. Secondary sources are interpretations and analyses based on primary sources.

The important things to consider are that the sources directly relate to your research question and give you interesting things to analyse for their values and limitations. For example, it may be useful to choose a primary source from someone who had a vested interest in depicting a certain version of a historical event. You should then reference the sources you choose for Section 1 in your Section 2 investigation. Once you have chosen your sources, you need to explicitly analyse the values and limitations of each source, for each of: origin, purpose, and content. This can be effectively structured in two paragraphs from each source: one for values and one for limitations.

How is the IA graded?

It is graded by the student’s teacher, who is trained and certified by the International Baccalaureate organization. The report is then sent to a moderator, who will check that the report adheres to the IB guidelines and that the grade awarded is appropriate.

Source: IB History HL Subject Brief

In conclusion, to do well in the IB History Internal Assessment (IA), it is essential to develop a strong research question that is focused on a historical issue or problem. Selecting appropriate and relevant sources, conducting a thorough analysis, writing a clear and well-structured conclusion, and providing a reflective statement on the research process are all critical components of a high-scoring IA. Additionally, it is important to follow the guidelines and formatting instructions, review, edit and proofread the IA multiple times, and seek feedback from your school teacher or tutor. By following these guidelines and approaches, students can ensure that their IA is well-researched, well-written, and effectively communicates their understanding of the historical issue or problem.

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Written by: Charles Whitehouse

Charles scored 45/45 on the International Baccalaureate and has six years' experience tutoring IB and IGCSE students and advising them with their university applications. He studied a double integrated Masters at Magdalen College Oxford and has worked as a research scientist and strategy consultant.

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Title: chatbot-supported thesis writing: an autoethnographic report.

Abstract: The release of the large language model based chatbot ChatGPT in November 2022 has brought considerable attention to the subject of artificial intelligence, not only in the public. From the perspective of higher education, ChatGPT challenges various learning and assessment formats as it significantly reduces the effectiveness of their learning and assessment functionalities. In particular, ChatGPT might be applied to formats that require learners to generate text, such as bachelor theses or student research papers. Accordingly, the research question arises to what extent writing of bachelor theses is still a valid learning and assessment format. Correspondingly, in this study, the first author was asked to write his bachelor's thesis exploiting ChatGPT. For tracing the impact of ChatGPT, methodically an autoethnographic approach was used. First, all considerations on the potential use of ChatGPT were documented in logs and secondly, all ChatGPT chats were logged. Both logs and chat histories were analyzed and are presented along to the recommendations for students regarding the use of ChatGPT suggested by Gimpel et al. (2023). In conclusion, ChatGPT is beneficial in thesis writing during various activities, such as brainstorming, structuring and text revision. However, there arise limitations, e.g., in referencing. Thus, ChatGPT requires a continuous validation of the outcomes generated fostering learning. Currently, ChatGPT is to be valued as a beneficial tool in thesis writing. However, writing a conclusive thesis still requires the learner's meaningful engagement. Accordingly, writing a thesis is still a valid learning and assessment format. With further releases of ChatGPT, an increase in capabilities is to be expected and the research question needs to be reevaluated from time to time.

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