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PhD in Canada: 2024 Admission Process, Cost, Scholarships, & Job Prospects

The annual tuition fees for PhD in Canada range from 7,000 CAD to 15,142 CAD, equivalent to 4.29 lakhs to 9.28 lakhs INR. PhD in Canada offers a strong return on investment as graduates can earn up to CAD 95,364 equivalent to 58.56 lakhs INR. Universities in Canada offer various scholarships to PhD students to help them manage their financial burden.

PhD in Canada Top Universities

Below is a table showcasing the top universities and total annual tuition fees for PhD in Canada, along with the PhD programs in Canada.

Why Study PhD in Canada?

Here are a few reasons why international students should pursue PhD degree in Canada:

• After completing a doctorate in Canada, international students can earn an average annual salary of CAD 95,364 equivalent to 58.56 lakhs INR.
• Many top universities in Canada offer scholarships to international students to pursue a PhD. Some scholarships are The Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship, The Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation Scholarship, The University of British Columbia Four-Year Doctoral Fellowship and the Ontario Graduate Scholarship.
• Pursuing PhD in Canada will offer international students a high return on investment of 530.42%.
• Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) - International students can stay and work in Canada for up to three years with the PGWP.

PhD in Canada: Admissions

To secure admission to PhD in Canada, the following common documents are required, along with eligibility criteria:

Eligibility Criteria for PhD in Canada

The eligibility criteria for international students to pursue PhD in Canada vary according to the programs and universities.

Here are the common eligibility criteria for PhD in Canada:

• Master’s degree in the relevant field with good grades.
• Proficiency in the English language is mandatory for international students who are not natives of English-speaking countries.
• TOEFL iBT : Overall 79 to 90
• IELTS : Overall 5.5 to 6.5
• Documents required by international students for admission to the PhD in Canada are as follows:
• 2-3 letters of reference
• Statement of Intent (Max 1 page)
• GRE is optional
• Attach Unofficial Transcripts
• Statement of purpose

PhD in Canada: Cost of Attendance

The cost of attendance for pursuing PhD in Canada is calculated by combining the total estimated tuition fees for one year with the cost of living in Canada.

PhD in Canada Fees

The total annual tuition fees for PhD in Canada range from 7,000 CAD to 15,142 CAD , equivalent to 4.29 lakhs to 9.28 lakhs INR.

Cost of Living in Canada

The cost of living in Canada encompasses major expenses such as housing, groceries, transportation, mobile and internet expenses, and electricity. Living in Canada is, on average, almost 195% pricier than in India. Please consult the table below for a breakdown of expenditures in Canada.

PhD Scholarship in Canada

There are various scholarships available for international students to study in Canada which many universities offer. Below is the table shedding light on the scholarships available for PhD in Canada, along with the eligibility criteria and awards.

PhD in Canada Job Opportunities

There are high-paying jobs in Canada for international students . After completing a PhD in Canada, graduates can earn an average annual salary of CAD 95,364 equivalent to 58.56 lakhs INR.

The following table showcases job titles available to those with PhD in Canada, along with top recruiters and the average salaries offered:

Source: Payscale

PhD in Canada: Return on Investment

The table presents the total annual tuition fees of the top universities in Canada for PhD, along with the average graduate salary per year.

When considering studying in Canada , it is important to look toward job opportunities after graduation. Over the period 2022-2031, new job openings for university professors and lecturers are arising from the expansion of demand and replacement. According to the Government of Canada Labour Market Information Survey, A total of 29,700 new job opportunities are predicted between 2022 and 2031. While 29,500 new job seekers arising from school leavers, immigration and mobility are expected to be available to fill them.

Ques. How much does it cost to study PhD in Canada?

Ans . The total cost of pursuing PhD in Canada can be calculated by adding the total annual tuition fees and cost of living in Canada. The annual tuition fee for PhD in Canada is 7,000 CAD to 15,142 CAD, equivalent to 4.29 lakhs to 9.28 lakhs INR. The cost of living in Canada includes the Rent, Mobile Phone and Internet, Electricity, Meals, Transportation and Personal expenses. Living in Canada costs more than in India. The average annual cost of living in Canada is CAD 63,738 (39 lakhs INR).

Ques. How many years is PhD in Canada?

Ans . PhD in Canada for Indian students takes 3 to 6 years to complete. The duration of the course varies from university to university.

Ques. Can I do PhD in Canada for a fee?

Ans . In Canada, PhD programs are not free for international students. Universities in Canada often charge higher tuition fees for international students compared to domestic or home students. The annual tuition fee for PhD in Canada is 7,000 CAD to 15,142 CAD, equivalent to 4.29 lakhs to 9.28 lakhs INR.

Ques. Can I work while doing PhD in Canada?

Ans . Yes, In Canada, with a valid study permit, full-time international students are usually allowed to work part-time on or off campus during university semesters for up to 20 hours per week . During scheduled breaks, such as winter or summer vacations, students are often permitted to work full-time.

Ques. Which PhD is most in demand in Canada?

Ans . The most in-demand PhD programs in Canada are from STEM disciplines and Humanities. Here are some of the names of the popular PhD programs in Canada:

• PhD in Aerospace Science and Engineering
• PhD in Anthropology
• PhD in Biochemistry
• PhD in Information Studies
• PhD in Biology
• PhD in Biological Sciences
• PhD in Chemistry
• PhD in Computing Science
• PhD in Chemical Engineering
• PhD in Biomedical Engineering
• PhD in Mechanical Engineering
• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Management
• PhD in Mining Engineering
• PhD in Water Engineering

Ques. How much IELTS score is required for PhD in Canada?

Ans . Proficiency in English is mandatory for pursuing PhD in Canada. International students must have TOEFL scores of 79 to 90 or IELTS scores of 5.5 to 6.5.

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The Ultimate Guide to Studying in Canada in 2024

Browse all phd programmes in canada.

• Sep-Jun Academic Year
• 44 Listed Institutes
• 40 Ranked Universities
• 323,000 Int. Students
• 1,775,000 Students
• 38,388,000 Population

Why study in Canada

Canada is one of the best places to study in the world, offering excellent opportunities to explore new cultures and enjoy a high quality of life. If you're looking to study at a university in Canada , you will find a vast array of higher education options known for their research facilities and multicultural campuses.

As a student in Canada, you will focus both on research and innovation, and hands-on experience. Some of the top universities in Canada include the University of Toronto, McGill University, and the University of British Columbia. You will find an open-minded, multicultural society where hundreds of thousands of students from all over the Globe come to study.  

Here are the top reasons why Canada is the best place for you to study: 

• Canadian universities are listed in reputable worldwide rankings , and 11 are among the world’s top 250. Canada’s top-ranked universities are known for their high-quality teaching, research, and academic excellence.  
• Many international students choose Canada to study because the country’s higher education system provides excellent academic programmes with a strong focus on hands-on learning, practical experience, and research opportunities.  
• The country has some of the lowest tuition costs among English-speaking nations. Sure, it will cost you more to study in one of the big student hubs, but you will also find highly affordable programmes in Canada . 
• Canadian universities excel in various academic disciplines , including technology and engineering, natural sciences, business and economics, social sciences, and humanities.  
• Canada has a significant tradition in fields like engineering , computer science , natural sciences , and healthcare . But what sets its universities apart from the ones in other countries is their focus on interdisciplinary studies and unique programs, such as Indigenous studies, environmental science, and more. Canadian universities are particularly renowned for their research excellence in these fields, as well as in areas such as environmental science, sustainability, and renewable energy. 
• Canada is a diverse and welcoming country with a multicultural society celebrating diverse cultures, traditions, and languages. This creates a dynamic and inclusive learning environment for international students.  
• If you want to enjoy city life and nightlife, then Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal should be top on your list. These are the country’s biggest student hubs and have a vibrant cultural scene, with plenty of museums, galleries, theatres, and music venues to spend time at. There are also countless restaurants, cafes, bars, pubs, and nightclubs.  

Culture in Canada

The country is known for its friendly people and welcoming attitude towards foreigners. Canada shares the informality, freedom of speech, pioneering spirit, and entrepreneurial creativity with its southern neighbour, the United States of America.  

Canadians, however, tend to be more humble, subtle, and thoughtful in expressing their thoughts and beliefs.  

In terms of lifestyle, Canada’s largest cities boast a safe environment, welcoming people, thriving arts and culture scenes, and high quality of life, and exciting nightlife.  

Official languages in Canada.  

You should know that Canada has two official languages, English and French, meaning that you, as an international student, can choose to study either.  

Canadian food culture. 

Food culture is also truly diverse, with many traditional meals spread throughout the country. If you are curious about some of the most popular ones, look for Poutine (French fries with cheese and gravy), and Saskatoon berry pie (a sweet crusty pie with blueberry filling). 

Weather in Canada. 

Canada is the second largest country in the world, meaning you’ll find a wide range of climate conditions. The country enjoys all four seasons, with mild weather throughout the year on the Pacific coast, and more extreme weather (hot summers and harsh cold winters) in the Prairie provinces. 

How to choose a university in Canada?

Canada is home to some of the world's top universities, offering students a world-class education and a diverse range of academic programmes. Each province and territory in Canada approves which universities can enrol international students. These universities are called Designated Learning Institutions (DLI). 

When wondering how to choose a university in Canada that is best for you, know there are over 200 public and private universities and just as many public colleges and institutes. It is worth knowing that universities and colleges are not precisely the same thing in Canada . Differences between them faded a lot in the past decades. For example, colleges traditionally offer Bachelor's degrees in applied disciplines. Next to polytechnics and institutes, colleges usually focus on shorter, more practical, technical, or occupational programmes. 

The most popular student hubs in Canada, Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, are also three of the world’s most desirable cities to be a student in. They rank among the top 20 QS Best Student Cities.  

>>> There are plenty of international study programmes to choose from: you’ll find 8,000 programmes in Canada on Studyportals . 

Choosing a university checklist 

• Check if your country has an agreement with Canada. Such an agreement can make things easier for you, either in terms of how to apply to university, visa requirements and tuition fees. This may apply if you come from the US, UK, other Commonwealth countries etc. 
• Check out university rankings . Do this considering that you will find high-quality universities lower than the top 100.  
• Have a look over the map. Canada is a huge country. Are large distances inconvenient for you? Is it easy to travel to and from the places of your choice?  
• Match your strengths to university admission criteria. Review the application requirements of multiple universities and think about where you might have an extra edge. 
• Estimate your expenses. Some Canadian cities are more expensive than others. Same with universities when it comes to tuition fees. How much is too much for you? 
• Career perspectives. Is the programme or university well connected to the industry? How will a graduate there help later when choosing a career path? 
• City and campus size. Do you enjoy big city life or quieter, smaller communities? How about commuting? Is the campus easily accessible or not? 

These are just some things to consider when choosing your Canadian university and study programme. It is important not to treat the process lightly and do some research before applying.

What are the best universities in Canada

Canada boasts some of the world's top-ranking universities, renowned for their excellence in research, innovation, and academic rigour. Here’s a list of the top 5: 

• The University of Toronto is one of the top research-intensive institutions in the world and Canada’s top centre for education, research, and knowledge development. 
• University of British Columbia (UBC), one of the most international universities in North America, is consistently acclaimed as one of the top 20 public universities worldwide. 
• McGill University is one of Canada’s top-tier colleges, renowned for its diverse international student community, research institutes and centres, and rich history. 
• McMaster University It is a public institution in the vibrant city of Hamilton, close to Lake Ontario, famous for its innovation in learning and discovery. 
• The University of Montreal is one of Canada’s most cosmopolitan universities, set in an exceptional location combining nature and modern buildings.  

>>> T he full list of university rankings in Canada .  

What are the top student hubs in Canada

• Toronto is the biggest city in Canada and home to some of the country's top universities, including the University of Toronto, Ryerson University, and York University. It's known for its diverse culture and bustling city life. 
• Vancouver lays on Canada's west coast and is known for its stunning natural beauty. It's home to the University of British Columbia, Simon Fraser University, and Emily Carr University of Art and Design. 
• Montreal is a bilingual city, where both French and English languages are commonly spoken. It's home to McGill University, Concordia University, and Université de Montréal. The city is also known for its vibrant arts and culture scenes. 
• Ottawa is Canada's capital and home to the University of Ottawa and Carleton University. It's a great city for students who are interested in politics or government.  

Tuition Fees in Canada

Canadian university tuition fees vary depending on several factors. Some provinces are more expensive than others, and fees may also depend on the type of programme or the university you choose. Tuition fees in Canada for international students are higher than the ones domestic students pay. Also, undergraduate (Bachelor’s) programmes can be two or three times more expensive than graduate (Master’s, PhD) programmes. 

Specifically, if you are an international student looking to study for a Bachelor’s in Canada, you will pay 36,000 CAD, on average, each year. Among the most expensive are veterinary medicine, dentistry, and medicine undergraduate degrees (up to 68,000 CAD).  

Postgraduate students interested in Canadian Master’s programmes will face 21,000 CAN yearly fees, on average. Tuition fees for MBA (Master in Business Administration) programmes are among the highest (up to 76,000 CAD),  

You will find the cheapest tuition fees for international students in Newfoundland and Labrador regions, where undergrad programmes cost around 16,000 CAN on average, while postgraduate programmes 5,000 CAD. 

While international students in Canada are not eligible for tuition fee waivers, some universities may offer you small deductions or rebates based on proof of financial need or academic merit.  

>>> Use the ‘Tuition fee’ filter on the left menu of our Bachelor’s , Master’s or PhD search pages to find the programme best suited for your budget. You can also arrange the list by the lowest tuition fee universities in Canada by clicking the top right Sort button. 

Can I study in Canada for free?

International students don’t have the option of studying for free in Canada. They usually pay higher fees than domestic students do. Of course, there is the option of applying for scholarships, or other types of financial aid, which could eventually cover your tuition fees entirely or partially. Such financial aid would be your ‘Study in Canada for Free’ ticket. 

Financial Aid and Scholarships in Canada

Although Canadian universities tend to be more affordable than other English-speaking countries, tuition fees can be a pain for international students, especially since there is no option to study for free. This is where financial aid and scholarships come in.  

Although it may be a clever idea to check if any organisations in your home country provide bursaries, scholarships or grants to students accepted at Canadian universities, you also have diverse options to choose from in Canada.  

If you're a student looking for financial assistance to further your education, scholarships can be a great option. But before developing what types of scholarships you can apply for, there are a few more types of financial aid to consider: 

• Grants. Grants are offered if you meet certain eligibility requirements. You must repay the grant money if you fail to complete the degree programme (you drop out, etc.). Domestic students can apply for a grant offered by the Canadian Government through the Canada Student Financial Assistance Program . 
• Bursaries. They're given to students in financial need, not based on academic achievements. Bursaries are often given just once and don't have to be paid back. They are often of smaller value than scholarships or grants.  
• Student loans. Unless you are a domestic student, your options to receive a student loan in Canada lie in private providers, such as banks. Like other loans, you will have to return the money in a certain amount of time and pay interest.  
• Other financial aid options. If you're an international student, it's a good idea to contact universities and colleges directly to learn about additional financial resources and advice they may offer. These institutions can provide you with more information about available options. Other options include graduate-level awards, such as fellowships and travel awards, entrance scholarships (for high school graduates), and bursaries (for students who can demonstrate financial need). 

Types of scholarships on offer

Scholarships are given based on various criteria and can range from a few hundred dollars to full tuition coverage. The best scholarships to apply for are the ones that match your profile best: are your academic records good enough to try a merit-based scholarship, or is your financial status the main trigger? How motivated are you to study that specific programme? Although there is no limit on how many scholarships you should apply for, by answering such questions, you can choose what scholarships best fit your profile out of the several existing types: 

• University-specific scholarships: Many universities in Canada offer scholarships to international students based on academic merit or financial need. 
• Merit scholarships:For students who are either academically gifted, were top sports players in high school or excelled in the community or entrepreneurial work. 
• Government-sponsored scholarships: These scholarships are awarded by the Canadian government or government agencies and are available to international students. 
• Country-based scholarships: These scholarships are targeted at students from developing countries. 
• Private scholarships: There are many private organisations, foundations, and corporations that offer scholarships to international students. These are also more likely to be targeted at developing countries and minority groups or in specific areas of study. 

Where you can find scholarships

Mastersportal is a good place to figure out where to apply for scholarships in Canada . You can find hundreds of options from NGOs, governmental or private institutions, and universities. 

A few other places are available if you're an international student looking for scholarships in Canada. Many universities offer scholarships and bursaries, which you can find on their websites.  

You can also check out government agencies like Global Affairs Canada and the Canadian Bureau for International Education for scholarship programs. Professional associations like the Canadian Nurses Association offer scholarships in their fields of study. 

Other sources where you can apply for scholarships are: 

Studyportals Scholarship – International Distinction Award, open to all international students – see FAQ about the award here.  

International Scholarships Program . Scholarships for international students and for Canadian students who want to study abroad. 

International Development Research Centre . Awards for Canadians, permanent residents of Canada and citizens of developing countries pursuing their doctoral studies at a Canadian university. 

International Business Scholarships . Scholarships for students pursuing a career or furthering their studies in international business or that combine business with environmental or sustainability studies. 

RBC International Student Scholarship : Is awarded by Royal Bank of Canada and is open to international students who are enrolled in full-time studies at a Canadian post-secondary institution. 

The Loran Award : This scholarship is awarded by the Loran Scholars Foundation and is open to international students who have demonstrated strong leadership potential and are committed to making a positive impact in their communities. 

Scotiabank International Student Scholarship : This scholarship is awarded by Scotiabank and is open to international students. 

Global Affairs Canada Scholarships: This scholarship program is funded by the Canadian government and offers scholarships and fellowships to international students from developing countries pursuing studies in Canada. 

How to apply for a scholarship in Canada

If you're an international student looking to study in Canada, scholarships can be a fantastic way to reduce the financial burden of tuition and living expenses. There is no limit on how many scholarships you can apply for, but the process can be time-consuming and there are some steps you need to follow: 

• Research: Use the above resources to list scholarships that apply to your field of study and academic level. 
• Eligibility: Check the criteria and make sure you meet all the requirements before applying. 
• Documents: You'll need to prepare academic transcripts, language proficiency test scores, a resume, letters of recommendation, and other requested documents before applying.  
• Letter of intent: Some scholarships require you to write a letter of intent when applying. Give yourself enough time for this. It is your opportunity to explain why you're the best candidate for the scholarship. Be sure to highlight your achievements and future goals. 
• Apply: Each scholarship provider has its own specific rules for applying, so follow the instructions carefully and submit everything before the deadline. 

After submitting your application, you'll have to wait for the results. This can take a few weeks to a few months, but If you haven't heard back from the scholarship provider after a few weeks, it's okay to follow up and ask about the status of your application.

Find out more about  how to apply for a scholarship .  

What to include in your application

The exact things to include in your application differ from one provider to another. Most ask you to fill out an online application form to provide personal details, your letter of acceptance to a Canadian university, academic transcripts, proof that you are eligible for their scholarship programme, and other documents. But when preparing your scholarship application, there are a few things you should include in your application to make it stand out: 

• Your personal and academic achievements: People need to know they help the right person. That is why they will ask for proof of your success. This includes your GPA, academic awards, extracurricular activities, and volunteer work.  
• What motivates you: Explain why you chose the specific study programme where you got accepted, what future career plans you have and how the scholarship will help you achieve your goals.  
• Your financial situation: Be honest about your financial needs, mention any financial challenges you face, and how the scholarship will help you overcome them. 
• Letters of recommendation: Ask your professors or employers to write letters for you. 

A strong scholarship application displays your achievements, aspirations, and financial need. Be authentic and passionate in your writing; don't forget to proofread for errors. 

Interested in scholarships for Canada? Check out our scholarship search page.

Apply to university in Canada

How to apply to university.

If you are wondering how to apply for a university in Canada , you should know that each has its own admission rules. Some may be similar, and some may be different from others. Make sure you understand and meet these requirements before applying. 

Canadian universities require English language proficiency tests such as TOEFL, IELTS, or PTE Academic, but some may also require French proficiency. 

You must pay a fee to apply for university in Canada. The cost varies among universities and programmes, but most universities charge an application fee ranging from $50 to $150 CAD. Some universities also require a non-refundable deposit once you have been accepted into the program. 

It may also be useful to know that the Canadian higher education system has a lot in common with the ones in the USA and UK. 

What’s the structure of the Canadian academic year  

Most Canadian universities and colleges follow a two-semester system, where classes occur from September to May, but exact dates can differ between regions or institutions. 

• 1st Semester - September to December 
• Winter Break - December to January 
• 2nd Semester - January to May 
• Summer Break - June to August  

When to apply for Canadian universities

The deadlines to apply for university in Canada vary, but you should prepare eight to twelve months earlier. International students usually start school in September or January, but some universities also organise spring and summer admissions. So deciding when to apply to Canadian universities depends on when classes start at your school. 

For the fall semester, which begins in September, the deadline to apply for university is often set months earlier, in January or February of the same year. For programmes that start in January, deadlines are usually in November or December of the previous year. 

Check your university’s deadlines first, and if you apply to several, check each. If you're an international student, prepare in advance and give yourself enough time to gather the documents and complete the application process. 

Documents needed to apply for university

Most universities have an online application process, so you can apply directly through their websites. When applying, you must provide personal information such as your academic history, work experience (if applicable), language proficiency or other documents needed to apply for university. The most common ones are: 

• A scan of your diploma (high school or Bachelor’s degree) 
• A transcript/record of your previous courses 
• A scan of your passport 
• Your CV 
• Testing scores 
• Evidence of scholarship or funding 
• Letters of recommendation (between 2-3) 
• Portfolio and/or writing samples 

Language requirements

If you plan to study at a university in Canada, you must prove your proficiency in English or French, depending on the university and programme that you apply to. Your language certificate must be less than 2 years old, and the Canadian authorities will compare your results to their standards: the Canadian Language Benchmarks (CBL) for English and the Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadiens, for French. There is no limit on how many times you can take these tests, but the rules say you must wait some time (30-60 days) before giving it another go. 

English language requirements for Canadian universities

The most popular English tests are: 

• IELTS (International English Language Testing System) . Canadian universities usually ask for a minimum IELTS score of 6.5 overall.  
• PTE (Pearson Test of English). Universities usually ask for a minimum PTE score of 60 for Bachelor's programs, Advanced Diplomas, and Post Graduate Programs.  
• TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). Top Canadian universities ask for a TOEFL score above 90, but in general, universities ask for a minimum score of 80 for undergraduate admission, and 90 for Master’s or PhD. 

French language requirements for Canadian universities 

Two types of French language tests are most popular among universities and colleges in Canada: 

1. Test d’Évaluation de Francais (TEF) . 

Managed by the Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry, it is made of four compulsory tests: 

• Reading comprehension (50 questions), 60 minutes long, 
• Oral comprehension (60 questions), 40 minutes long, 
• Written expression (2 subjects to be covered), 60 minutes long, 
• Vocabulary and syntax (40 questions), 30 minutes long. 

Ask the university or read their application requirements, and they will tell you if besides the compulsory tests they also ask you to take some optional ones. 

2. Test de Connaissance du Français (TCF)

The exam is divided into mandatory multiple-choice tests and optional tests and is managed by France Éducation International. You’ll spend between 1 and a half hours minimum and 2 and a half hours maximum, depending on the number of tests you take: 

• Listening comprehension:  29 multiple choice questions, 25 minutes; 
• Grammar comprehension: 18 multiple choice questions, 15 minutes; 
• Reading comprehension: 29 multiple choice questions, 45 minutes; 
• Written skills: 3 exercises, 60 minutes; 
• Verbal skills: Individual test one-on-one with an examiner, 3 exercises, 12 minutes (2 of which are for preparation) 

TCF tests take place throughout the year; you will have to contact the approved TCF centre closest to your home. 

Student housing in Canada

From on-campus student housing to homestays and private rentals, you'll have plenty of choices to suit your needs and budget. You can choose from a wide range of prices when it comes to accommodation ; just take some time to research and explore your options to find the best fit for your preferences and lifestyle. Do not hesitate to contact your university or college for help finding suitable accommodation options.  

On-campus student housing. 

Thanks to the increasing number of international students choosing Canada, universities have invested more in on-campus housing, such as dormitories, residence rooms, student apartments, and suite-style residences. Although top-of-the-list for most international students, on-campus housing is also more difficult to get because of the high number of applicants. The most popular types of on-campus student housing are: 

• Dormitories: These student social havens are large buildings housing many students. You get to share a room with others and are the best option for 1st-year students. 
• Townhouses: Like dorms, these places contain several bedrooms with no roommates and are usually popular among older students.  
• Dormitory and townhouse prices start at CAD 250 per month and reach above CAD 600. 

Residence rooms give access to shared bathrooms, kitchen, and laundry facilities. Some universities also offer so-called student apartments in their residence buildings, where you can share with other students an apartment that has its own kitchen and bathroom. 

Off-campus student housing 

Homestays: This option implies you are living with a Canadian family for the duration of your studies. University-arranged homestays can be a wonderful way to experience local culture. Prices range from CAD 400 to 800, on average. 

Private renting: This can be expensive, especially in larger cities like Vancouver or Toronto, but often the only available option for many students. Higher costs don’t necessarily mean just bigger rents, but additional stuff you need to pay for yourself, such as electricity, heating, internet, transport, and often furniture etc. Sharing the rent with others is often the best choice. You’re likely to pay 300 to 800 CAD/month when sharing (depending on location and facilities), but prices often get higher than 1,000 CAD per month for a studio/one-room apartment. 

When to apply for student accommodation

Start looking for accommodation as soon as you have been accepted into university, especially if you plan to go for on-campus housing, which is limited and in high demand during peak enrollment periods. 

The best place to start is your university or college because each institution has a special department managing student housing. Besides your university, student organisations are also a reliable source of information, as they may also offer lists of private housing near the campus. 

• Amberstudent.com is a student accommodation platform that provides free assistance to students. 
• Places4Students allows you to search for housing by city or school and offers a range of property types. 
• Rentfaster.ca offers a comprehensive database of rental properties across Canada. 
• Kijiji is an online classifieds platform that can be a helpful resource for finding student accommodation in Canada. 

Cost of living in Canada

While cheaper than most English-speaking countries, living in Canada can be challenging for students worldwide.  

You can expect an average cost of living in Canada with rent of CAN 10,000 to CAN 15,000 per year, including food, transportation, and entertainment, which is lower compared to the United States or the United Kingdom. 

In most provinces, including Quebec, Montreal, and Ottawa, you will spend between 800 and 1,500 CDN monthly, but your expenses in Canada will vary between larger student hubs and smaller cities. For example, price of milk ranges from 1.4 to 5 CAD, potatoes range from 1 to 6 CAD depending on region, while bread costs between 2 and 5.5 CAD, and apples from 2 to 8 CAD. 

You can access many student discounts by getting your International Student Identity Card (ISIC). 

Transportation 

You will depend on public transportation as a student. The cost of public transportation varies by city, but the average price of a one-way ticket is around 3 dollars. As a student, you can usually get discounted or even free unlimited access to the city’s transportation system. Here is how Public Transportation works in Canada’s top student hubs: 

• Toronto . The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) manages the city’s public buses, subways and street cars. You pay one ticket and travel with all of them. You can use a Presto card to pay for all local transit in Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA). 
• Montreal . The Société de transport de Montréal (STM) manages bus and subway transport. Buses are especially efficient to travel in the city. The card you’re likely to use to pay for your tickets here is the OPUS Card. 
• Vancouver . In this student hub, public transport (buses, trains) are operated by Translink . Here they use a reloadable fare card called Compass. 

A taxi is always an option when moving inside the city, and prices start at 2 CAD/kilometre. However, when commuting to school and you cover larger distances, consider using the train or the bus; both are affordable options with lower student fees. Budget between 100 to 150 CAD each month for transportation.  

Ferries are also a popular way to travel in the coastal Pacific and Atlantic regions. 

Where to look for affordable transportation for students in Canada: 

• Local transit websites - each city in Canada has its own public transit website, with information on routes, schedules, and fares. 
• StudentUniverse.com - a website that provides information and discounts on student-specific travel and transportation. 

Entertainment and free time

Entertainment and free time costs can also increase your cost of living in Canada. While the amount you spend is highly influenced by your lifestyle, here are some popular activities and how much they cost.  

A coffee with a friend can cost you a couple of dollars while going out to see a film at the cinema will cost you CAD 15 on average. Expect to pay anywhere between 50 and 150 Canadian dollars for a concert. On the other hand, many museums and galleries offer discounted admission for students.  

Cost of food in Canada

The average monthly cost of food for a student is under CAD 300 if you buy from a supermarket and cook it yourself. Some of the cheapest supermarkets you can find all over Canada are Canadian Superstore, Walmart, and No Frills. On the other hand, food costs will skyrocket if you don’t cook or are used to eating in a restaurant. You’ll pay 20 dollars for a meal at an inexpensive restaurant. 

Work and study in Canada

Getting a student job is a clever way to earn some extra money to cover your stay in Canada. Many universities and colleges offer on-campus work opportunities such as work-study programs, research assistant positions, and part-time jobs. Alternatively, you can go for co-op and internship programs that allow you to gain practical experience while studying and earn a head-start to full-time employment after graduation.  

You also have the option of finding an off-campus job, but there are some work regulations you must consider . So let’s get familiar with the basic rules on how to get a job as a student in Canada. 

Are international students allowed to work in Canada?

Yes, international students can get a job in Canada during their studies. Check your study permit to determine if this is your case because your right to work should be specified on the permit. It is important to note that you can only start working student jobs after your studies begin and that your right to work on campus ends when your study permit expires. 

On-campus work means you can get a job in places that belong to your school. On-campus employers can be your school, a faculty member, student organisations, or even private businesses or contractors. You will need a Social Insurance Number (SIN) to be able to work on-campus. There is no limit to the number of hours you can work on campus. 

Off-campus work means that you can find a job outside of your university’s grounds. There are several eligibility conditions you must meet: 

• You started studying as a full-time student at a Designated Learning Institution (DLI), 
• Your study program lasts 6 months minimum and will lead to a degree or diploma, 
• You have a Social Insurance Number. 

You can only work part-time (4 hours per day, 20 hours per week) off campus, but during school breaks, you can work overtime or get a second part-time job. 

Where can I find jobs?

The best palace to start today when looking for a student job in Canada is the web. Check out your university website; most have a section for this, but you can apply on government or private boards.  

Online job boards - Websites like Indeed, Glassdoor, and LinkedIn are great resources for finding job openings in Canada. International students can use these websites to search for part-time, full-time, or freelance work: 

• Indeed is a popular job search engine that lists job opportunities for students. 
• Job Bank is a website run by the Government of Canada which lists job opportunities nationwide. 
• Monster is a job search website where you can find student jobs. 
• SimplyHired is a job search engine that lists job opportunities across Canada 
• TalentEgg is a search engine focusing on entry-level job opportunities for students and recent graduates. 

Is Canada safe?

Canada is a very safe country for international students and ranks among the top 10 safest countries in the world. 

However, you are still advised to follow some common precautions, such as being aware of your surroundings, particularly in larger cities, keeping your valuables secure, avoiding carrying substantial amounts of cash, and being mindful when walking or travelling alone, especially at night. 

The emergency number in Canada is 911. The same emergency number is used in the rest of North America (USA and Mexico). 

Student insurance in Canada

Canada's publicly funded healthcare system is called Medicare and provides universal coverage based on need, not the ability to pay. The health system is managed by each province or territory in Canada, meaning that rules and eligibility criteria can be different from one place to another.  

While health insurance is mandatory for all international students in Canada, public health coverage for international students is only available in some of the provinces, not all. 

Provinces that provide public health insurance to international students:  

• Alberta 
• British Columbia 
• New Brunswick  
• Newfoundland and Labrador 
• Northwest Territories 
• Nova Scotia 
• Quebec (students from certain countries) 
• Saskatchewan 

Provinces that DO NOT provide public health insurance to international students: 

• Manitoba 
• Ontario 
• Prince Edward Island 
• Yukon 

Regulations may change, so do your research and ask your university or college because some have their own health insurance policies.  

If you aren’t eligible for provincial health coverage, your only option is a private health insurance plan. These usually cost, on average, from CAD 600 to 900 per year.  

Support services available for international students

As an International student in Canada, you can access various support services designed to help. Many universities and colleges have advisors who can help international students with visa issues, work permits, housing, academic support, career advice, personal safety etc. Here are a few such examples: 

• The University of British Columbia student support and resources page, 
• Toronto Mentropolitan University international student support platform, 
• University of Alberta Student Service Centre. 

Other support services include: 

• Language Support Programmes that provide language courses, tutoring, and conversation partners. 
• Cultural Integration Programs that help international students integrate into Canadian culture and meet other students. 
• Campus International Student Clubs and Associations where to connect with others from your home country or to meet new people. 

Here are a couple of platforms providing support to international students: 

• keep.meSAFE offers free support tailored to the unique needs of students.  
• StudentSupport.ca is a for-profit social enterprise that aims to enhance the student experience at universities across Canada. 

Student organisations

If you want to meet other people, talk about classes, volunteer, and dedicate your time to a cause, or just play some sports, student organisations are the place to go. Here are some of the top organisations that provide support services for international students in Canada: 

• Canadian Alliance of Student Organisations (CASA) is a national organisation that advocates for post-secondary students to the federal government.  
• The Canadian Federation of Students is a national union comprising over 530,000 students from more than 60 universities across Canada. The organisation advocates for affordable and accessible education, student rights, and social justice issues. 
• Universities Canada provides information and support for international students regarding academic programs, research opportunities, and student life in Canada. 
• Canadian Bureau for International Education (CBIE) promotes international education and student mobility in Canada. The organisation offers programs and services to support international students, including scholarships and awards 
• Colleges and Institutes Canada offers resources and advice to help international students make the most of their college experience in Canada. 

Many universities and colleges in Canada have student-run international student associations where you can find support, guidance, and resources. There’s also the option of joining cultural clubs focused on specific countries or regions or joining volunteer organisations where you can give back to the community and gain valuable hands-on experience. 

Things to do for students on a budget

Canada is a destination worth exploring whether you're into outdoor adventures or prefer exploring the city. From vibrant student hubs to tranquil natural parks, there's something for everyone in Canada. So, pack your bags, grab your student ID, and prepare for an unforgettable journey! 

Top urban attractions for students

• Stanley Park in Vancouver, British Columbia - This urban park offers beautiful views of the city, as well as walking and biking trails, beaches, and the Vancouver Aquarium. Admission to the park is free. 
• CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario - the famous 500-meter-high landmark is the signature icon of Toronto’s skyline, offering panoramic city views. Tickets for the observation deck start at $38 CAD for students. 
• Old Montreal in Montreal, Quebec - This historic neighbourhood offers charming cobblestone streets, picturesque architecture, and delicious food options. Walking tours are available for a small fee. 
• Rideau Canal in Ottawa, Ontario - This UNESCO World Heritage site offers scenic views, as well as opportunities for ice skating and boat rides. Admission to the canal is free. 
• Granville Island in Vancouver, British Columbia - Granville Island is a hub for arts, culture, and cuisine. Visitors can explore the public market, art studios, and theatres. Admission to the island is free, but some attractions may have admission fees. 

Top 5 Outdoor Attractions 

• Banff National Park in Alberta - This UNESCO World Heritage site is known for its stunning natural beauty, with mountains, glaciers, and lakes. Admission to the park is free with a Discovery Pass, which costs $29.40 CAD for students. 
• Niagara Falls in Ontario - Niagara Falls is a popular tourist destination with breathtaking waterfalls and hiking trails. The park is free to enter, but some attractions, like the Maid of the Mist boat tour, have an admission fee. 
• The Rocky Mountains in Alberta and British Columbia - The Rocky Mountains offer some of the best hiking trails in Canada, with stunning views of the landscape. Admission to the parks varies, but a Discovery Pass is recommended. 
• The Grouse Grind in Vancouver, British Columbia - The Grouse Grind is a challenging hiking trail that offers breathtaking views of Vancouver. Admission to the trail is free, but donations are encouraged. 
• The Confederation Trail in Prince Edward Island - This trail offers a scenic biking or hiking experience, with stunning views of the island's landscape. Admission to the trail is free. 

Travelling in Canada

The cheapest way to travel around Canada as a student is by train and bus. But you can do quite a few things to travel on a budget. 

• Your ace up the sleeve when travelling on a student budget is the International Student Identity Card. It works as an ID and offers student discounts , from restaurants and gyms to museums and trains. 
• Some banks offer so-called “Travel Credit Cards,” which students can use. Every time you buy something from an eligible provider, you earn points, which you can stack and spend later. 

Share or rent a ride. 

While it is quite common to rent a car together with friends and explore the country, there is also some popular ride-sharing platforms for you to try options you can try: 

• Poparide is a long-distance ride-sharing app for long-distance travel. 
• Kangaride is the most popular ridesharing app in Canada. It connects drivers and passengers who are headed in the same direction. 
• CarpoolWorld , with a database of over 20,000 drivers and passengers, is an excellent option for those looking to travel between cities in Canada and save money on gas and parking. 

Canada's cities are well-connected by public transportation systems, making it easy to get around without a car. Many cities offer student discounts on public transit for both train and bus rides. 

Railway companies: 

VIA Rail Canada is a state-owned railway company that operates passenger trains in Canada.  

UP Express connects Canada’s two busiest transportation hubs: Toronto Pearson International Airport and Union Station in downtown Toronto. 

Take a bus. 

Buses are often the cheapest way to travel between cities in Canada.  

• Busbud.com , Omio.com and Coach Canada are some popular search engines for finding cheap bus tickets.  
• Megabus is one of the most popular and cheapest bus companies in Canada. 
• Autobus Maheux is a popular company in the French part of the country. 

Budget airlines. 

If you plan, plane tickets can be an option. You can opt for low-cost companies such as Air Canada Rouge , Swoop and Flair . 

Canada has two official languages, English and French, and improving your skills in either can bring benefits both as a student and later in your career. English is the most popular, and it is spoken in most of the country, while French is more common in Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Manitoba. 

The Language Portal of Canada is a good place to find tools and resources to improve your French or English. Local authorities fund language classes so that you can study for free, but if you choose private providers, you will have to pay.  

As a student, you already have proof of language proficiency because you submitted it with your application. Still, bureaucracy aside, if you know the benefits of mastering a foreign language, you should improve your skills by talking with native speakers as often as possible, reading books and watching shows in those languages.  

Living as an expat in Canada

As an international student, once you graduate, you can stay in Canada for up to 3 years if you apply for a post-graduate work permit or even longer if you apply for permanent residency. Either way, your life will be different, as you’ll change your student status to being an ex-pat.  

Priorities and perspectives will change; you must find a place to stay and get a job, you will file taxes (even if you are not a permanent resident) for the income you earned while in Canada. Expats usually rent apartments and houses in the suburbs or satellite towns, and leases are normally for 12 months. 

Prepare to spend most of your earnings on rent and utilities, especially if you choose one of the big cities. The cost of food and other basics are cheap compared to many western countries. Purchasing private health insurance will also cost you if you aren’t eligible for the Medicare system. 

Expat communities in Canada

Canada was chosen by millions from around the world to be their new home. Decades back, most of the immigrants in Canada came from Europe, but this changed over the past 50 years, and Asia became the top source region of new immigrants.  

Most of Canada’s ex-pats come from countries like the UK, China, India, the Philippines, and USA. The large cities is where you’ll also find the most ex-pats in Canada . Top of the list is Toronto, where almost half of the population is immigrants, followed by Vancouver and Montreal. The country’s French heritage is strongly represented by Quebec in eastern Canada. Here are some popular ex-pat portals: 

• Moving2Canada is a platform with all sorts of information for people planning to live in Canada 
• Lost in the Leaf City is a blog with useful articles about life as an ex-pat in Canada 
• Expat.com offers a community for ex-pats in Canada, with forums, job listings, and guides. 
• Canadianimmigrant.ca provides resources for immigrants and ex-pats in Canada. 

Canada Immigration rules

So you already lived in Canada for a few years as a student, but you are about to graduate, and your stay here is ending; your study permit will expire 90 days (about 3 months) after graduation, meaning you should return home. But you like it here and are curious how can you start living in Canada as an ex-pat? 

Immigration rules for students say that once you graduate from a Canadian university, you extend your stay temporarily or become an ex-pat, find work, and even live permanently. 

After your study permit expires, you can choose to stay in Canada temporarily as a visitor, or you can apply for permanent residency. 

Read more about the  countries with the best work-life balance , Canada being one of them.  

Temporary residence (Visitor record) 

To temporarily extend your stay as a visitor, you must apply for a visitor record. Unlike visitor visas, which are applied to your passport, the visitor record is an independent document with an expiry date. You can apply online or by paper and extend your stay for up to 6 months.  

Important to know:  

• Once the visitor record expires, you must leave the country.  
• Once you have a visitor record, any new application for a study permit or work permit must be made from outside of Canada. 
• You cannot apply for a post-graduation work permit once you get a visitor record. 

Permanent residence 

Once you complete your studies, you can apply for permanent residency (PR) for several categories: 

• Canadian Experience Class (CEC) if you have Canadian work experience  
• Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSW) if you have work experience outside Canada. 
• Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) if you have work experience and intend to move to a specific Canadian province. 
• Atlantic Immigration Program (AIP) if you, as an international student who graduated, plan to work and live in these Atlantic Provinces: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island or Newfoundland and Labrador. 

As work experience is an eligibility requirement for some of these categories, any experience you may have gained during your studies is essential. 

Immigration processing times 

Here are the immigration processing times for the types of residences mentioned above: 

• Temporary residence (Visitor record) - 180 days for online applications / 87 days (about 3 months) for paper 
• Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) - 80 to 180 days 
• Canadian Experience Class (CEC) - 12 months 
• Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSW) - 30 months 
• Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) - 11 to 20 months 
• Atlantic Immigration Program (AIP) - 12 months 

Job opportunities in Canada

To find a job after graduation , you must apply for a post-graduation work permit (PGWP). The permit will allow you to remain in Canada and work full-time after completing your studies. Receiving a PGWP is not conditioned by already having a job offer, and once you get it you can look for job opportunities anywhere in Canada, in any field of work. 

Once you get a job in Canada and you start building experience, you also have an extra edge if you plan to apply to stay here permanently.  

The work permit is valid between 8 months to 3 years based on the length of your program. The longer your study programme, the longer the PGWP is valid.  

Canada has great work opportunities, most of them in larger cities. It will be easier if you have already acquired some experience by working part-time or volunteering as a student. Here are 5 popular websites for finding jobs in Canada: 

• Indeed  
• Monster  
• Workopolis  
• LinkedIn  
• Glassdoor  
• Talent.com  

Continue your studies in Canada

If you want to continue your studies in Canada, go for a Master’s, or PhD, for example, you may be eligible for a new study permit. First, of course, you need to apply and get accepted into a new programme at a designated learning institution (DLI). There are over 3,000 Canadian Master’s degrees listed on Studyportals and more than 5,000 Bachelor’s programmes in Canada to choose from. 

It is easier to apply for a study permit while already in Canada. Here are the steps to follow to apply online : 

• Ensure you have electronic copies of your documents and a valid credit or debit card. 
• Read the instruction guide before you complete your application 
• Prepare your answers for the online tool 
• Know the fees you must pay. You’ll be asked to pay at the end of your application. 
• Check your biometrics requirements . 
• Create your online account or sign in 

It only takes 3 weeks to process your Study Permit if you apply from within Canada, while a study permit extension takes 85 to 105 days (about 3 and a half months) to process. 

Frequently asked questions

1.    do international students need a visa to study in canada .

While there are some exceptions, international students will require a study permit, which is a type of visa you need to pursue a university degree in Canada.  

2.    Is studying in Canada worth it? 

It is! Universities in Canada are renowned for their outstanding academic achievement, teaching, and research. Canada's higher education system has a strong emphasis on experiential learning and real-world application. Tuition fees are also reasonable compared to other English-speaking countries, and the multicultural experience is unmatched. 

3.    What is the cost of studying in Canada? 

International students pay 36,000 CAD, on average, each year on tuition fees. However, this amount varies depending on where and what you study. Medical and MBA degrees are the most expensive, and you will pay lesser fees in regions like Newfoundland and Labrador regions. Living expenses such as accommodation, food, and transportation can also add to the overall cost. 

4.    How much money is required to study in Canada? 

International students must prove that they have enough money to cover their tuition fees and living expenses for their studies in Canada. Students must show proof of funds of at least CAD 10,000 to CAD 15,000 per year. 

5.    Can I study in Canada without IELTS? 

International students must provide proof of English (or French) language proficiency when they apply for a study permit. While IELTS is among the most common English language tests, there are alternatives to IELTS, such as the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), the Canadian Academic English Language (CAEL) test, or PTE Academic. In some cases, students may be exempt from taking the tests. 

6.    What are the requirements to study in Canada? 

To study in Canada as an international student, you must be accepted into a program at a Designated Learning Institution (DLI), obtain a valid study permit, prove you have sufficient funds to cover tuition and living expenses and meet language proficiency requirements. 

7.    What exams are required to study in Canada? 

Each university and study programme manages its own admission procedures, so the required exams vary greatly. However, most institutions require international students to demonstrate proficiency in English or French during the application process, so you will have to pass such tests to study in Canada. 

8.    How to get permanent residency while studying in Canada? 

International students who complete their studies in Canada may be eligible for permanent residency through one of the immigration programs, such as the Canadian Experience Class or the Provincial Nominee Program. You must meet certain criteria, such as language proficiency, work experience, and education credentials. It's important to consult a Canadian immigration lawyer or an immigration consultant for guidance on the best pathway for your situation. 

Interesting programmes for you

Find phds degrees in canada, what subject to study in canada.

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PhD Degrees in Canada

• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) 1291 programmes
• Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.) 3 programmes

Recent international policies promote international university cooperation and student exchange between countries worldwide. High-quality study and PhD degrees are made more available to students in order to create a global educational network, achievable through student and staff mobility. Career and research oriented programmes support international student development.

University cooperation enables students study worldwide, for instance in Australia, Asia, Europe and the United States and provides ways of recognizing previous degrees. Different study options offer appropriate alternatives to students, depending on their preferred mode of study.

Many study programmes in Australia, Asia, Europe and North America are English-taught. The most popular international student destinations include the following countries: Australia, Belgium, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, the United States, and more. However, these are not the only countries offering English-taught education. The rest of the world is full of endless study choices, from highly ranked to smaller, more specialized, universities.

PhD (postgraduate) Degrees

If you want further education beyond the undergraduate level or if you want more personal development or a career in academia, you could obtain a PhD degree. PhD degrees are postgraduate programmes that usually follow a Master's, MPhil or MRes, but there might be additional requirements depending on the university. Students are required to do their own research in a chosen topic. With the help of a supervisor, you develop knowledge and analytical skills in a specific or multidisciplinary field and you carry out independent research. The duration of a PhD degree differs per country and institution. Sometimes your own research is accompanied by work for the department such as giving seminars or small group teaching.

PhD students are required to study on campus under close supervision, but there are universities that accept students enrolled into a part-time distance education PhD degree. Studying on campus can also be full-time as well as part-time, in which case the part-time variant is normally twice as long as the full-time study.

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PhD Courses in Canada

• Canada Study Levels
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PhD Degrees in Canada

A PhD is the highest degree awarded at global universities. Study is based on a substantial research project in an area of academic interest, typically up to 100,000 words in length, written as a thesis which must be defended in an oral examination at the end of the program. All PhD students are assigned a supervisor, and the duration of a PhD is typically three years full-time and six years part-time.

Very few research degrees feature taught modules, and as such a student is expected to take more responsibility for their work and schedule. Universities in Canada are known for their academic excellence and state-of-the-art research infrastructure, along with their support for enterprise partnerships.  

PhD Entry Requirements

Canadian institutions are free to admit anyone to a PhD program, with admission generally conditional on the prospective student having completed an undergraduate degree with at least upper second-class honours, as well as a master's degree . English language ability proof is a must, and a minimum IELTS score of 6.5 is generally required. There is usually a first-year assessment to remain in study and the thesis is submitted at the end of the completed program.

Once you have decided on an area of research and have looked into how you will fund your study, there are a number of documents required when submitting your application. They include:

• Academic transcripts
• Academic references
• Personal statement
• Research proposal

- PhD Research Proposal

A research proposal is required by all students when applying to study for a PhD. The proposal should address the research you wish to undertake, how you will do it, and why it is important. A panel of experts must accept the proposal before your program can begin.

How much does a PhD cost in Canada?

Funding and researching a PhD can be expensive. Candidates can cost between $5,000-$20,000 per year, although this is still considerably cheaper than US or UK equivalents. Dedicated scholarships can help support your PhD, and it is rare for a PhD student not to be supported by some form of bursary, grant or scholarship .

Study a PhD in Canada

If you are interested in studying a research degree in Canada, arrange a free consultation with SI-Canada today.

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PhD in Canada: ...

PhD in Canada: Requirements, Fees, & How to Apply?

Pursuing a PhD in Canada may be the perfect path if you're looking to take your education to the highest level. With world-class universities, brilliant experts, and affordable tuition, Canada has become a top destination for PhD students. In fact, PhD graduation rates have skyrocketed, with over 7,000 students earning their doctorate degrees each year since 2002.

But getting started on the road to a Canadian PhD can be tricky for international students. From aligning your research interests with the right program to navigating the admission process, it pays to have an insider guide. This step-by-step guide breaks down everything you need to know as an Indian student looking to earn your doctoral degree in Canada.

We’ll walk through how to choose the university and program that best fits your academic goals. Learn about available funding and scholarships to make a Canadian Ph.D. affordable. Get tips on acing your application, from tailoring your personal statement to shining in interviews. And see what life is really like as a PhD student in Canada’s vibrant, diverse university cities.

If you’re ready to take the next step in your academic journey, let this guide set you up for PhD success in Canada. Be sure to also check out Yocket Premium for more personalized assistance in getting admitted to your dream Canadian university!

Why Study PhD in Canada?

Before we can proceed further toward learning the Ph.D. requirements in Canada , let’s first understand why international students should choose to study Ph.D. in Canada .

• Ideal for Research-Based Studies: Canada has been ranked the number 4 in the world for scientific research studies. Since PhD studies in Canada are more research-oriented, the country proves to be the ideal destination to pursue this type of study.
• Offers In-Demand Ph.D. Programs: Universities in Canada for Ph.D . offers a range of in-demand Ph.D. programs. The most demanded programs from the list are Business Studies, Engineering, Computer Science, Education, and Health.
• Provides Modern Technologies & Facilities: Canada has always been ahead when it came to enhancing its academic standards. The country uses modern technology to cater to the current needs of international students. Apart from this, all PhD-related research facilities retain the modern touch.
• Home to QS Ranked Universities 2024: There are close to 10+ universities that offer PhD courses in Canada. These universities are ranked under the QS World Rankings 2024. Apart from this, these universities also stand high on the list of Nobel Prize Winners worldwide. The University of Toronto is one example.

Universities in Canada for PhD

PhD in Canada: Course Overview

Canada has been honored with 28 Nobel Prize awards . There is a strong reason why PhD courses in Canada are considered highly. Thus before we can move ahead, let’s give you a quick overview of the PhD studies in Canada.

Are you on your journey to study Ph.D. in Canada? Navigating through countless universities can be overwhelming, but fear not! Yocket's University Finder Tool is your compass to discovering the perfect academic destination tailored to your preferences. Say goodbye to information overload and hello to a personalized university search experience.

Admission Requirements to Study PhD in Canada

There are multiple PhD in Canada for Indian student requirements. Once these are checked, your application process will be conducted smoothly. This is the standard eligibility criteria for all PhD educational institutes in Canada:

• A Masters Degree
• Official Transcripts
• Research Statement
• Writing Sample
• Letters of Recommendation
• English Language Proficiency Test Scores

1. Masters Degree

International students need to submit a Master's Degree when applying for a Ph.D. program in this country. Most educational institutes expect a score of 80% .

2. Official Transcripts

Apart from the Master's degree certificates, international students need to submit all official transcripts of their previous educational qualifications such as a bachelor's degree, etc.

3. GPA scores

Submission of GPA scores is based on the universities you opt for. At the University of Toronto, they accept a GPA score of A-.

4. CV/Resume

Most universities encourage the submission of a CV /Resume. This is helpful for students who are academically weak or are unable to pass the university cut-offs.

5. Research Statement

Submission of a research statement helps experts understand your interest choice in a new or existing project. The research statement is 1500 words long and in essay form. Students can also include their choice of supervisor to work with during the PhD study period.

6. Writing Sample

A writing sample will help experts determine your skills related to how well you can submit a thesis, research paper, or article. The word limit is between 5000-10,000 based on your university choice.

7. Letters of Recommendation

As per the university choice, students need to submit 2-3 letters of recommendation from their previous educational tutors.

8. English Language Proficiency Test Scores

If your first language isn’t English, international students need to write and pass an English proficiency test. Here is the score list:

• TOEFL - Overall 107/20
• IELTS - Overall 7.5

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How to Apply for PhD in Canada?

Here is a quick overview of how to apply for a Ph.D. in Canada.

• Step-1: Choose the project type, new or existing
• Step-2: Find the ideal supervisor for your project
• Step-3: Research for funding opportunities for your PhD studies
• Step-4: Visit the university's official website to submit all related documents before the deadlines
• Step-5: Attend Ph.D. interview if scheduled
• Step-6: Apply for a study permit and PhD visa (electronic travel authorization).

: How to Apply for PhD in Canada?

Now that you’re aware of how to apply for a Ph.D. in Canada, let’s understand the Ph.D. in Canada in detail.

Cost of Studying PhD in Canada for Indian Students

PhD programs in Canada have a study duration of 4-6 years depending on the course program and university choice. The cost of studying PhD programs in Canada is divided into two categories:

Average Tuition Fees

Most PhD universities in Canada ask international students to conduct PhD fee payments either on an annual basis or per term. The average annual payment for PhD programs is CAD 4000 (INR 2,46,390) - CAD 8000 (INR 4,92,780)/year. On a per-term basis, the PhD fees in Canada ranges between CAD 2000 (INR 1,23,190) -  CAD 8000 (INR 4,92,780) .

Cost of Living

The average cost of living in Canada for international students ranges between CAD 15,000 (INR 9,23,970) - CAD 20,000 (INR 12,31,960)/year based on lifestyle preferences and standard of living. 

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List of Top Universities and Colleges that offer PhD Programs in Canada

Canada is home to prestigious universities that offers versatile and highly standard PhD programs for international students. In fact, there is a total of 98 PhD universities in Canada. We have covered the top ones below:

Top PhD Scholarships in Canada for International Students

While Canada has an affordable fees structure, for international students, the PhD fees in Canada move to a higher range. Luckily for the tight-budgeted students looking to pursue PhD programs, the PhD scholarships in Canada are available.

As you’ve witnessed Ph.D. fees in Canada for international students are covered by the PhD scholarships in Canada provided. So, what does the real world look like for PhD graduates?

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Job Opportunities after Pursuing PhD in Canada

PhD graduates have ample amount of opportunities once they’ve completed their study periods. Here are the top job profiles to consider:

PR In Canada After PhD

PhD students are now eligible to apply for PR (Permanent residency) in Canada. The criteria are as follows:

• Applied for PR via a federal skilled work visa
• Completed at least 2 years of study in the Ph.D. program
• Holds a good academic recognition

Ph.D. graduates as well can apply for PR given that they have applied within one year of their graduation.

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Canada has always been a magnet for international students looking to pursue higher education in the country. Graduating after pursuing Ph.D. programs in Canada gives students higher leverage on their career choices and subject knowledge. Now that you have all the PhD requirements in Canada, it’s time to connect with Yocket Counsellors and apply for a PhD in Canada.

From the Desk of Yocket

In conclusion, pursuing a PhD in Canada offers a promising academic journey for international students, particularly from India. The country's robust education system, coupled with top-notch universities and affordable fees, has made it a prime choice. As the number of Ph.D. graduates continues to rise, this guide aims to simplify the complex process, providing a valuable resource for those navigating the intricacies of securing a doctoral position in Canada. Best of luck with your academic pursuit in the Great White North!

Need help with pursuing a PhD in Canada? Navigate the complexities with Yocket Premium ! Our comprehensive guidance covers the best universities, eligibility, requirements, fees, scholarships, and scope for your doctoral journey. Explore Yocket Premium for a seamless experience in planning and achieving your academic aspirations in Canada.

Frequently Asked Questions about Studying PhD in Canada

Is PhD in Canada worth it?

Yes, Pursuing a PhD in Canada is worth all the time, effort, and money as the country is home to bright PhD minds, well-ranked PhD educational institutes, and offers a range of PhD programs in Canada.

Is PhD in Canada for Indian students difficult?

The difficulty level depends on the students pursuing a PhD program. If an international student has sufficient money to survive their PhD program or opts for a funding opportunity, their study period will continue smoothly. PhD programs in Canada are research-oriented and will confidently create a better career path for PhD graduates. 

Is PhD in Canada cost cheaper?

Yes, when compared to other countries such as the USA, Canada is relatively cheaper for PhD studies. Apart from this the country also offers multiple funding opportunities to support tightly budgeted students. To name a few are scholarships, assistantships, and fellowships.

Can PhD students work in Canada?

Yes, PhD students are allowed to work part-time for up to 20 hours a week. Once they graduate, they are eligible to live and work for up to 3 years in the country.

Can PhD in Canada for international students apply for PR?

Yes, PhD students are eligible to apply for PR in Canada. The country allows students who complete 2 years in a PhD program to apply for PR as well as graduate students who apply within a year of graduation.

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10 Cheap Universities in Canada for International Students

Updated: June 19, 2024

Published: April 28, 2019

Studying in Canada is an excellent alternative for those looking for an affordable degree as an international student. Canada offers low tuition rates for international and domestic students. Plus, you’ll be studying in an English (or French!) environment in a highly developed country. The education system in Canada is reputable and comparble to countries such as the U.K. and the U.S.

Many international students choose to study in Canada for the low tuition prices , ease and comfort of living, and great reputation of the universities. For those looking for affordable degrees, here are 10 cheap universities in Canada for international students—plus a bonus free one!

Why Study in Canada  

1. it’s affordable..

Compared to top universities in the United States , the United Kingdom, and other English-speaking countries, Canada offers degrees that are much easier on your wallet.

2. The reputation.

Canada has a reputation for one of the best education systems in the world, and its universities are no exception.

3. Ease of living.

Studying in another country can sound daunting, but making that happen in an English-speaking, first-world country makes it easier for international students to get along .

Tuition Fees in Canada for International Students 2022  

Tuition for international students studying in Canada will depend on the type of program and where you choose to study. Bachelor’s degrees will vary from $8,700 up to $54,000 per year in tuition, while yearly tuition fees for Master’s degrees will cost between $4,000 to $30,000 .  

Top Universities  

U.S. News lists the top Canadian universities as University of Toronto, University of British Columbia, McGill University, McMaster University and University of Montreal. These universities are all recognized internationally as excellent global schools and still offer much more affordable tuition rates than their international counterparts.  

University of Montreal  

• Bachelor’s Degree Tuition : $ 27,102 
• Graduate Degree Tuition: $17,708 – $20,553

McGill University  

• Bachelor’s Degree Tuition: $20,483 – $41,000  
• Graduate Degree Tuition: $17,708 – $28,362  

McMaster University  

• Bachelor’s Degree Tuition: $40,318 – $45,703  
• Graduate Degree Tuition: $6,307 – $17,096  

University of British Columbia  

• Bachelor’s Degree Tuition: $41,595 – $44,942
• Graduate Degree Tuition: $9,500  

University of Toronto  

• Bachelor’s Degree Tuition: $43,620- $62,580
• Graduate Degree Tuition: $6,210 – $45,310  

Cheap Bachelor Degrees in Canada  

If you’re looking for the most affordable options Canada offers, look no further.  

1. University of the People

• Location: Online
• Tuition: Tuition-Free
• Degree Programs: Associate, Bachelor, Master ( Business Administration , Education, Computer Science, and Health Science )

UoPeople is a US-accredited online university, meaning you can study anywhere and anytime! The application process is simple and the rewards of degree completion are definitely worthwhile.

2. Brandon University

• Location: Brandon, Manitoba
• Tuition: $7,203
• Degree Programs: BA, BBA, BEd, BFA, BM, BN, BSc

International students at Brandon U are invited to apply with the university’s international application process. Brandon University claims to have a long and positive relationship with international students and offers one-to-one professor interactions and research opportunities not available at larger universities.

3. Université de Saint-Boniface

• Location: Winnipeg, Manitoba
• Tuition: $10,570 – 16,850
• Degree Programs: Bachelor’s Degrees in Arts, Social Work, Translation, Science, Nursing, Business, and Education. Students may continue studies toward a Master’s degree at the University of Manitoba

International students at Saint-Boniface must expect to be able to speak a certain level of French as this is a French university. Some programs also require a level of English proficiency as well.

4. Canadian Mennonite University

• Tuition: $10,003
• Degree Programs: Three- and four-year BA, BSc, BBA, and Master’s Programs

International students at CMU are welcomed and encouraged to apply due to the undoubtedly wide variety of experiences and perspectives that they may bring. International students may choose from over 19 majors for bachelor’s studies.

5. Memorial University of Newfoundland

• Location: St. Johns, Newfoundland
• Tuition: $20,000
• Degree Programs: More than 100 programs for Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Certificates

International students at MUN: Memorial University warmly welcome and encourage international applications. The university offers specialized services for international students such as student advising, an internationalization office, and international student groups.

Cheap Master Degrees in Canada  

1. memorial university of newfoundland.

• Tuition: $6,390
• Degree Programs: Large variety of Master’s and Doctorate programs both in person and online, in fields of Humanities & Social Sciences, Professional Programs, Interdisciplinary Programs, and Sciences

2. University of Northern British Columbia

• Location: Prince George, British Columbia
• Tuition: $7,494
• Degree Programs: MBA, MSc, MEd, MEng, MScN, MSW, Graduate Certificates, and Doctorate programs

3. University of Calgary

• Location: Calgary, Alberta
• Tuition: $4,319
• Degree Programs: Offers course-based and research-based Master’s and Doctorate degrees in a variety of subjects

4. Simon Fraser University

• Location: Burnaby, British Columbia
• Tuition: $6,075
• Degree Programs: Variety of graduate programs in Applied Sciences, Arts & Social Sciences, Business, Communication, Art & Technology, Education, Environment, Health Sciences, and Science

5. University of Saskatchewan

• Location: Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
• Tuition: $3,000 – $5,000
• Degree Programs: Over 80 Master’s and Doctorate degrees. Specializing in research and medical fields

Tuition-Free Universities in Canada for International Students  

University of the People is accredited by an American accrediting institution and is suitable for all international students including Canadian students. This fully online university offers a variety of tuition-free programs ranging from Associate, Bachelor’s, and Master’s degrees in Business, Computer Science , Education , and Health Science.  

Canadian universities may have low tuition fees, but you can’t beat the tuition-free rates offered by UoPeople. While the flexibility of an online degree offers the chance to study anytime and anywhere you want.  

What is the Cost of Living in Canada for Students?  

As with most large countries, the cost of living varies drastically across the expansive nation of Canada. According to the Canadian Rental Housing Index , many large metropolis areas are unaffordable, however, there are still some areas left in which one can live on a student budget.  

Here’s a breakdown of the average costs a student can expect to find in Canada (in $CAD):  

• Basic lunch & drink: $23  
• Monthly rent in 45 sq m furnished studio: $1,729  
• Monthly utilities: $166  
• Monthly internet: $56  
• Monthly public transport: $109  
• Monthly gym membership: $64  
• Pair of jeans: $77  
• Private doctor visit: $115  
• Toothpaste: $3.47  
• Cappuccino: $5.13  

Note: The Canadian government requires that an applicant show proof of having $10,000 CAD on top of tuition for a student visa, however, you will likely need more.  

How can International Students find Funding and Support?  

While studying in Canada may save you on tuition fees, you may still want to consider applying for funding and scholarships. There are plenty of scholarships and grants available to international students, and even scholarships exclusively for students from specific countries. Check out these top tips to apply for scholarships for international students .  

How do I Apply to Canadian Universities?  

As an international student, your application to a Canadian university will have special requirements. In addition to the typical student application including letters of recommendation, resume and educational history, you may also be asked to provide the following:  

• Proof of finances  
• English proficiency  
• International application  
• Passport information  
• A translated copy of your transcript  

Remember that you will also need a student visa to study for longer than six months in Canada. The application can be done online and costs $150 CAD. The government of Canada will ask for proof of finances, proof of health and general well-being, proof of no criminal record, and your university acceptance letter. It is recommended that you begin your student visa application as soon as you receive acceptance into the Canadian university.  

All in all, studying in Canada as an international student will gain you a reputable internationally recognized degree and you may save money as well! If you are still not convinced and looking to study in the states, check out these 7 affordable U.S. universities for international students .    

Can international students work while studying at these universities?

Yes, international students in Canada can work while studying. They can work up to 20 hours per week during regular academic sessions and full-time during scheduled breaks, such as summer holidays.

What is the student community like for international students in Canada?

The student community in Canada is diverse and welcoming. Canadian universities often have various support services, including international student offices, student associations, and cultural clubs, to help international students integrate and feel at home.

Can international students transfer credits from other universities to Canadian universities?

Yes, international students can transfer credits from other universities to Canadian institutions. The process typically involves submitting transcripts and course descriptions for evaluation to determine credit equivalency.

Are there any cultural integration programs available for international students in Canada?

Many Canadian universities offer cultural integration programs for international students, such as orientation sessions, buddy programs, cultural events, and language exchange programs to help students adjust to their new environment.

What housing options are available for international students in Canada?

International students in Canada have various housing options, including on-campus residences, off-campus apartments, homestays with local families, and shared accommodations. Each university typically provides resources and assistance to help students find suitable housing.

Are there English language proficiency requirements for international students in Canada?

Yes, most Canadian universities require international students to demonstrate English language proficiency. Commonly accepted tests include IELTS, TOEFL, and CAEL. Specific score requirements vary by institution and program.

Are there any specific visa requirements for international students in Canada?

International students need a study permit to study in Canada for more than six months. The application process requires proof of acceptance from a Canadian institution, proof of financial support, and other documents like a valid passport and health insurance.

Can international students bring their families while studying in Canada?

Yes, international students can bring their families to Canada. Spouses or common-law partners may apply for an open work permit, and dependent children can attend school. Family members are required to have proper documentation and visa applications.

What is the process for international students to obtain health insurance in Canada?

Health insurance for international students in Canada varies by province. Some provinces provide health coverage, while others require students to purchase private health insurance. For detailed information, it is essential to check with the specific university and provincial health services.

At UoPeople, our blog writers are thinkers, researchers, and experts dedicated to curating articles relevant to our mission: making higher education accessible to everyone.

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Top 10 PhD Programs in Canada for International Students 2022

Mar 4, 2024 | 8 min read

Know more about PhD programs in Canada with details such as duration, admission requirements, fees & PhD scholarship in Canada for international students.

Canada is home to several globally renowned research universities providing PhD programs in Canada for international students. Canada is the most preferred Study Abroad in Canada  for international students, mainly because of its affordability and also due to its multicultural student community and cosmopolitan environment.

PhD programs in Canada offer high-quality research facilities and opportunities to doctoral students. A PhD in Canada is offered in over 500 different graduate and postgraduate academic disciplines such as business, engineering, mathematics, management, etc. The duration of a PhD in Canada is about 4-6 years. The average tuition fees for a PhD in Canada ranges from $10,000- $20,500 per academic year.

International students are required to have high academic scores in addition to high scores in admission tests such as GMAT and GRE for PhD admission in Canada. International students with a PhD in Canada can avail of post-study work visa schemes. All details related to a PhD in Canada, such as top universities in Canada for PhD, admission requirements, fees, and scholarships in Canada for international students are  discussed.

Table of Contents

List of Top 10 PhD Programs in Canada for International Students

Top universities in canada for phd, why pursue a phd in canada, phd in canada course structure, admission requirements to study phd in canada, application process for phd in canada, phd in canada cost for international students, best phd scholarship in canada for international students, scope of pursuing phd in canada.

In the following table, international students can find the best PhD programs in Canada 2022:

Canada has nearly 100 research institutions offering doctoral degrees to both domestic and international students. These PhD programs in Canada are offered through dedicated graduate schools and colleges under the respective Canadian universities. Both public and private Canadian universities offer PhD programs in Canada to international students. Online PhD Canada are offered by some universities such as Royal Roads University and Athabasca University . Given below are some of the top universities in Canada for PhD along with their QS World Rankings 2022:

International students in Canada pursuing PhD programs in Canada gain the opportunity to work with leading researchers and avail of top-quality research facilities and opportunities. International students are also eligible for a Canadian work visa post-study in Canada. Online PhD programs in Canada are offered by some of the Canadian universities such as the Royal Roads University and Athabasca University. Online PhD in Canada is offered under various disciplines such as business administration, social sciences, etc. Listed below are some of the reasons for international students to pursue a PhD in Canada:

• PhD programs in Canada are offered in over 500 different graduate and postgraduate academic disciplines such as management, mathematics, business, engineering and technology, etc.
• Canada is home to nearly 100 renowned research universities offering high-quality education and research opportunities to students. Six of the Canadian universities are ranked in the top 150 universities in the world by several ranking agencies.
• Certain PhD programs in Canada do not require a master’s programs in Canada in the respective field. The student pursuing the master’s degree program is provided with the option to switch to the PhD program after the first year.
• Students pursuing PhD in Canada are expected to start working on their thesis and research soon after starting their PhD program. Students have the opportunity to work with top researchers in the respective fields.
• Canada offers affordable education as well as the standard of living to international students.
• International students with a PhD degree in Canada are eligible to apply for a post-study work visa in Canada that could lead to a permanent residence or citizenship in Canada. International students can live and work in Canada for up to 3 years after completion of their doctoral studies.

PhD programs typically require students to pursue a full-time course for a minimum of three years, but it is often found that students require much more time to do their research and complete their degrees. Usually a PhD program in Canada gets completed within a maximum duration of of six years.

The PhD is generally completed under the supervision of one or more academic supervisors in Canada. Students need to submit a substantial doctoral thesis at the end of the course. The thesis is then reviewed and evaluated by a set of examiners.

Additionally, you may be required to prepare a presentation to explain your research to the committee during your PhD oral defense. Your overall performance and the quality of your thesis play a major role in obtaining a PhD degree in Canada.

The admission requirements for international students to study PhD in Canada varies based on the program and the Canadian university. The basic requirement is for the student to have a master’s degree in the respective field of study. A PhD program in Canada takes up to 4-6 years to complete. Some of the PhD requirements in Canada for international students to study PhD in Canada are listed below:

• International students should have high academic grades in the master’s degree in their respective fields. Students should also have excellent research capabilities and potential.
• International students are required to submit the proof of English proficiency with test scores such as TOEFL, IELTS, etc. Students pursuing courses in French are required to prove French language proficiency.
• Applicants should have good GMAT/ GRE scores for admission to any doctoral program in Canada.
• Specific PhD programs in Canada do not require a masters degree from students. Students enrolled in master’s degree programs have an option to switch to a PhD program after the first year.
• A PhD student in Canada is expected to start working on their thesis and research work as soon as the start of the PhD program.

In Canada, the process for applying for a PhD may differ from one university to another. However, the common admission requirements of PhD offering universities in Canada remain the same. Let us look at the step-by-step process of obtaining PhD admission in Canada:

Select the Type of PhD Program you want to Pursue

Submit research outline, apply online and upload necessary documents, attend your interview, obtain your study permit.

You have the option to choose structured or open PhD programs in Canada. In a Structured PhD, the research outline is determined by the university. In an Open PhD, you must propose and outline your own research project.

Both courses require students to identify a supervisor who will guide them throughout the process. In addition to your application, some universities will require a letter of support from your supervisor.

If you have decided to pursue an open PhD in Canada, you must submit a research proposal outlining your project and its significance in the present. The research proposal must comply with the research guidelines set by your chosen university.

Fill out the online application form of the university of your choice, pay the application fees, and attach the important documents. PhD applicants are required to submit the following documents:

• Academic transcripts
• Proof of English language proficiency (IELTS/TOEFL)
• Two to three Letters of recommendation
• Portfolios (for creative fields)

You may be required to sit for an online/virtual interview by some Canadian universities before being admitted. So make sure you do not miss out on the interview date and prepare well in order to secure a seat at the university.

Following acceptance by the university, you need to apply for a Canadian study permit. You need the following documents to obtain your study permit:

• Health insurance
• Medical certificate
• Proof of sufficient funds
• Acceptance letter from a DLI
• Language proficiency scores (IELTS/TOEFL)
• The intent of returning to the home country

The PhD in Canada cost varies based on the different courses and also the university that is offering the doctoral degree. Generally, the PhD in Canada cost for international students is double the cost for Canadian students. The average fees of a PhD program in Canada for international students range between $8,000 - $25,000 per year. In addition to the tuition fees, international students are required to bear the living costs in Canada for the duration of their PhD program. Tuition fees of different universities offering PHD in Canada are shown in the table below:

There are several PhD programs in Canada with scholarships for international students. The PhD scholarship in Canada for international students is awarded based on academic merit and covers the charges for tuition fees, cost of research, and sometimes living expenses as well. A fully funded PhD in Canada will cover most of the costs associated with living, travel, accommodation, insurance, and flight charges. The average tuition fee for international students for PhD studies in Canada is $8,000 - $20,000 per academic year. A range of scholarships, fellowships, grants, and awards are available for international students provided by the respective universities in Canada for PhD. Both government-sponsored and independent scholarships are available to international students based on their country of origin. Listed below are some of the PhD scholarship in Canada for international students:

• The Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships
• The Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation Doctoral Scholarships
• The University of British Columbia Four Year Doctoral Fellowship
• Tomlinson Doctoral Fellowships
• University of Waterloo Graduate Scholarship
• The Graduate Global Leadership Fellowship
• Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship
• Ontario Trillium Scholarship
• University of Calgary Graduate Scholarship
• The University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship (UMGF)

A doctorate opens up a world of possibilities for a student. Upon completion of your PhD in Canada, you have an array of career options available to you, from teaching to research work with industry giants. You will receive a salary based on the specialization you chose. Even so, we can still take a look at the salaries offered to PhD students at some of Canada's top universities:

Please note that the salaries shown above are the upper range of salaries offered to students. Some of the top research profiles and salary packages offered to PhD graduate in Canada are tabulated below:

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• Study in Canada /

Fully Funded PhD Programs in Canada

• Updated on  
• Apr 24, 2023

Canada has emerged as a popular study destination for Indian students who want to pursue higher studies abroad. It is known for its quality education and employability, which is no wonder why more than 1 lakh Indian students choose to go to Canada for higher education every year. A PhD Degree in Canada is more affordable in comparison to that in popular study destinations like the UK or the US . More than 90 universities in Canada offer PhD Programs to international students, and it takes around 3-6 years to complete. It becomes a lot easier for Indian students to manage their expenses if they receive any kind of scholarship . But most of the scholarships are partially funded, so students tend to look for fully-funded programs. If you are also looking for a fully-funded PhD Program in Canada, then you are at the right place. Read the blog to know about the fully-funded PhD Programs offered in Canada.

This Blog Includes:

Why study phd in canada, are you eligible, banting postdoctoral fellowships, nserc postgraduate scholarships, anne vallee ecological fund, trudeau scholarships and fellowships, mcgill university scholarships and student aid, career opportunities after pursuing a phd in canada.

• Top-Class Universities : Many universities in Canada have been ranked among the top universities in the world . Canadian Universities are well known for excellent academic and research facilities.
• Work Opportunities: PhD students are already paid a stipend every year as they contribute to their respective field of study throughout their PhD course. However, not many students know that PhD Students in Canada can do a part-time job for 10 hours a week and stay for up to 3 years through Post Graduation Work Permit after completing their studies.
• Affordable: The tuition fee of pursuing a PhD in Canada ranges from CAD 6,000 to 30,000 (INR 3-17Lakhs). Compared to other countries such as the UK or the US, it is a lot more affordable.
• Financial Aid: There is a wide range of financial aid, i.e. scholarships and grants for international students who want to pursue a doctoral program in Canada. 

Have you heard about the popular Leverage Edu scholarship worth INR 5,00,000! CHECK OUT HERE

Also Read: MBA Courses in Canada

To pursue a doctoral degree, you must first be able to fulfil the eligibility criteria set by the Universities offering the same. Eligibility requirements may vary for different courses, given below is the general eligibility criteria you must meet to pursue a PhD in Canada:

• A postgraduate degree in a related field with good grades.
• English Language Proficiency proof through English Language Tests such as IELTS and TOEFL .
• Good scores in GMAT or GRE , if required.

Join Leverage Live to score high in English Language Tests such as IELTS and TOEFL .

Fully-Funded PhD Programs 

The Canadian Government provides international students with a lot of scholarships for every degree. Mentioned below are the fully-funded PhD Programs offered by the Canadian Government:

Also Read: Scholarships in Canada for Indian and International Students

These fully-funded PhD Programs are offered to international students and home students every year. These are offered to students who are pursuing the following:

• Health research
• Natural sciences
• Engineering
• Social sciences and humanities

Award Grant: CAD 70,000 (INR 41.45 Lakhs) per year

These scholarships are offered to international students for up to 3 years who are pursuing a PhD in the following:

• Natural Sciences

Award Grant: CAD 21,000 (INR 12.43 Lakhs) per year

This scholarship is offered to international students who are pursuing a PhD program in Animal Research at any of the following:

• University of British Columbia
• A recognised Canadian university in Quebec

Award Grant: CAD 1,500 (INR 88,840)

These scholarships are offered to international students pursuing any PhD program in Canada. Every year more than 12 scholarships are awarded to students.

Award Grant of CAD 60,000 (INR 35.53 Lakhs).

These fully-funded scholarships are awarded to international students enrolled in doctoral programs at McGill University .

Award Grant is valued between CAD 3,000 and CAD 12,000 (INR 1.77-7.10 Lakhs).

Also Read: Top Colleges and Universities in Canada

There are a variety of career opportunities based on the chosen field of study after pursuing a PhD in Canada. Mentioned below are some of the popular job profiles along with their average salary for PhD students in Canada:

Some of the popular PhD courses or subjects in Canada for international students are Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Social Sciences, Humanities, Medicine & Health, Business & Management, Engineering and Computer Science.

Canadian Universities have 3 intakes i.e Winter- January, Fall- September, and Summer- May.

The acceptance rate at the University of Waterloo is 53%.

If you are looking for a fully funded PhD program in Canada but are confused with the admission process, get in touch with our experienced counsellors at Leverage Edu on 1800572000. They’ll guide you throughout the process of selecting the best PhD program and university that will equip you with the right exposure to kick-start your career.

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Daman is an author with profound expertise in writing engaging and informative content focused on EdTech and Study Abroad. With a keen understanding of these domains, Daman excels at creating complex concepts into accessible, reader-friendly material. With a proven track record of insightful articles, Daman stands as a reliable source for providing content for EdTech and Study Abroad.

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Clinical Psychology PhDs

Hey Grace. Check out these fully funded scholarships for PhD in Clinical Psychology. That is, the Trudeau Scholarships and Fellowships, and Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships. Several universities also offer scholarships for PhD in Clinical Psychology. Some of them are- Harvard University, Arizona State University, and Fordham University. To know more about courses and university visit the study abroad experts at Leverage Edu

Dear Sister Blessy George, This is Teja from India, Can you please guide me or share some info regarding PHD in Environment or climate change or best one which fit or good to settle in canada after doing PHD.

Hey Teja. Phd in climate change is not available in Canada. However, you can pursue a PhD in Environmental Sciences. Some of the popular universities include the University of Prince Edward Island, Wilfrid Laurier University, and Carleton University. Some of the career options after this course include Environmental Scientist, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analyst, and professor, among others. To learn more information about this course consult the study abroad experts at Leverage Edu.

I would like to receive guidance on fully funded PhD scholarships in the area of epidemiology in canada. Kindly oblige me this information, I am planning towards admission in January 2024. Thank you.

Hello Blessy I’m currently enrolled in a master’s degree program in international operational law in Sweden. I would like to know of my PhD options in Canada. Please Advise

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Top 10 free phd programs in canada (2023).

Canada is a popular destination for international students looking to further their education, and there are many universities that offer free PhD programs for international students. These programs provide a unique opportunity for students to obtain a high-quality education without the burden of tuition fees.

The top 10 free PhD programs in Canada include Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship, Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship, IDRC Research Awards, Quebec Provincial Government Scholarship, Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship & Fellowship Plan, Partnership Grants by Social Science & Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), Trudeau Scholarships & Fellowships, Anne Vallee Ecological Fund, Ontario Trillium Scholarship, and Ontario Graduate Scholarship.

Top 10 Free PhD Programs In Canada

1. banting postdoctoral fellowship.

Tuition Fee: Free

The Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship is one of the free PhD programs in Canada that was open to both international and Canadian PhD students who are making significant contributions to Canada’s economic, social, natural sciences, and healthcare sectors through their research.

The fellowship provides around CA$ 70,000 in taxable funds for two years, and approximately 70 students are selected for the award each year. After being selected for the fellowship, students must identify a specific Canadian university or college where they plan to pursue their PhD as international students and have the scholarship endorsed.

The application deadline for this grant is typically in September, and the results are usually announced by mid-January or February.

2. Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship

The Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship is a government-funded scholarship awarded to international PhD students pursuing their doctoral degrees at Canadian educational institutions.

The scholarship provides approximately CA$50,000 in funds for three years, but it’s non-renewable.

The scholarship considers specific application eligibility criteria, such as not being enrolled in certain scholarships before. Therefore, students should ensure they meet all requirements before applying.

3. IDRC Research Awards

The IDRC Research Awards provide research funding to international students from developing countries who have a full-time work permit (37.5 hours a week) in Canada, PhD students in Canadian universities, or students who have completed their master’s program from a recognized university within the last three years from the date of applying for the award.

The students must be actively involved in research in several development fields, such as climate-resilient food systems, inclusive and democratic governance, science and education, ethics of development research, policymaking and evaluation, global health, and sustainable and inclusive economics.

The scholarship provides an annual stipend of CA$42,000 to CA$48,000 for research in any of these fields. The application deadline is usually around February of every year.

4. Quebec Provincial Government Scholarship

The Quebec Provincial Government Scholarship is available to master’s and doctoral students studying in the province of Quebec, with graduate students enrolled in a master’s program also eligible to apply.

Doctoral students can receive grants of up to CA$25,000 per year for three years, while postdoctoral applicants can get up to CA$35,000 for one year, which is non-renewable.

Short-term research and professional development scholarships are also available under the scope of this grant. Students must demonstrate an excellent academic track record to be eligible for the scholarship.

5. Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship & Fellowship Plan

The Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship & Fellowship Plan is designed exclusively for international students from Commonwealth countries who apply to Masters or PhD programs at Canadian universities.

The scholarship recognizes students with exceptional intellectual abilities and awards financial aid to cover all travel and living expenses, along with compulsory tuition fees. The amount of funds provided depends on the program in which the awardee is enrolled.

6 . Partnership Grants by Social Science & Humanities Research Council (SSHRC)

SSHRC offers grants to PhD students pursuing research in social sciences and humanities at Canadian universities.

Recipients may support existing research or conduct new studies. The amount of funding ranges from CAD 20,000, and the duration varies from 4 to 7 years, depending on each case.

Only international students are eligible for this scholarship.

7. Trudeau Scholarships & Fellowships

Trudeau Scholarships and Fellowships are available to international students pursuing doctoral studies in specific institutions.

The scholarship covers research expenses and travel costs and ranges from CA $20,000 to CA $40,000 per year, renewable for up to three years. The application deadline usually falls in the mid-fall academic session.

8. Anne Vallee Ecological Fund

The Anne Vallee Ecological Fund is a unique scholarship opportunity for international students who are pursuing animal research in their master’s or doctoral degree program in the provinces of Quebec or British Columbia.

The fund offers a scholarship worth $1,500 to each selected candidate to support their research in the field of animal ecology.

The scholarship aims to encourage and support international students who are making a valuable contribution to animal research, with the ultimate goal of advancing ecological knowledge and conservation.

9. Ontario Trillium Scholarship

The Ontario Trillium Scholarship is a prestigious scholarship opportunity for international PhD students who wish to study in Ontario, Canada.

This scholarship is highly competitive, with only 75 students being selected each year based on their academic merit. Each scholarship recipient is awarded $40,000 per year, which can be renewed for up to four years.

The scholarship committee selects candidates based on their academic excellence, research potential, and leadership abilities. The scholarship is intended to attract the brightest and most talented international students to study in Ontario, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the province’s reputation as a leading research destination.

10. Ontario Graduate Scholarship

The Ontario Graduate Scholarship is available to international students who have valid study permits and are enrolled in a master’s or doctoral program at a public university in Ontario, Canada. The scholarship is one of the free PhD programs in Canada.

The scholarship is awarded based on academic excellence, research potential, and leadership abilities, with each recipient receiving $1,500 per year. The scholarship is renewable, with the duration varying based on the awarding committee.

The scholarship aims to support and encourage international students who are making valuable contributions to their field of study, with the ultimate goal of advancing knowledge and innovation in Ontario.

• Top 10 Free Online Courses In Canada For International Students
• Top 10 Free Education In Canada For International Students
• Top 10 Cheapest Universities In Italy For International Students

Pursuing a PhD in Canada can be a life-changing experience for students.

However, the free PhD programs in Canada discussed above, offer students the opportunity to receive a high-quality education while focusing on their research, free from the burden of financial obligations.

These universities are committed to supporting students in their academic journey and contributing to the advancement of knowledge in various fields.

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Mental Health (PhD)

Program description.

The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Mental Health offered by the Department of Psychiatry in the Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences is a research-intensive program that emphasizes evolving and in-depth learning opportunities. The program's objective is to equip students with skills in literature synthesis, program development, and scientific communication to pursue professional opportunities in academia or industry.

Keywords: mental health, psychiatry, social and transcultural psychiatry, behavioural genetics, neuroimaging, neuroscience, public policy, molecular psychiatry, mental health services.

Unique Program Features

• The program is designed to provide advanced research training in the basic, applied, and social sciences relevant to issues in psychiatry. Specifically focusing on the development of mental health services and policy, social and cultural psychiatry, and clinical and transnational psychiatry.
• Potential learning activities include weekly research seminars, global mental health rounds, Indigenous mental health workshops, the Summer Program in Cultural Psychiatry, and the conferences and workshops organized by the Advanced Study Institute in Cultural Psychiatry;
• Graduates receive stipends from the thesis supervisor, from external fellowships and from awards provided by the Department;
• Applicants are admitted from a wide range of backgrounds, including M.Sc. or M.A. degrees in relevant areas (e.g., psychology, neuroscience, sociology, medical anthropology, nursing, and medicine);
• The Department has been at the cutting edge of advances in neuroscience, psychotherapy, diagnostic methods and therapeutic interventions.

University-Level Admission Requirements

• An eligible Bachelor's degree with a minimum 3.0 GPA out of a possible 4.0 GPA
• English-language proficiency

Each program has specific admission requirements including required application documents. Please visit the program website for more details.

Visit our Educational credentials and grade equivalencies and English language proficiency webpages for additional information.

Program Website

PhD in Mental Health website

Department Contact

Graduate Program graduate.psychiatry [at] mcgill.ca (subject: PhD%20in%20Mental%20Health) (email)

Available Intakes

Application deadlines.

Note : Application deadlines are subject to change without notice. Please check the application portal for the most up-to-date information.

Application Resources

• Application Steps webpage
• Submit Your Application webpage
• Connecting with a supervisor webpage
• Graduate Funding webpage

Application Workshops

Consult our full list of our virtual application-focused workshops on the Events webpage.

Department and University Information

Graduate and postdoctoral studies.

Mapped: The World’s Least Affordable Housing Markets in 2024

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Graphics/Design:

Miranda smith.

The World’s Least Affordable Housing Markets in 2024

This was originally posted on our Voronoi app . Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

Many cities around the world have become very expensive to buy a home in, but which ones are the absolute most unattainable?

In this graphic, we highlight a number of housing markets that are deemed to be “impossibly unaffordable” in 2024, ranked by their median price-to-income ratio .

This data comes from the Demographia International Housing Affordability Report , which is produced by the Chapman University Center for Demographics and Policy .

Data and Key Takeaway

The median price-to-income ratio compares median house price to median household income within each market. A higher ratio (higher prices relative to incomes) means a city is less affordable.

See the following table for all of the data we used to create this graphic. Note that this analysis covers 94 markets across eight countries: Australia, Canada, China, Ireland, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

According to the Demographia report, cities with a median price-to-income ratio of over 9.0 are considered “impossibly unaffordable”.

We can see that the top city in this ranking, Hong Kong , has a ratio of 16.7 . This means that the median price of a home is 16.7 times greater than the median income.

Which Cities are More Affordable?

On the flipside, here are the top 12 most affordable cities that were analyzed in the Demographia report.

Cities with a median price-to-income ratio of less than 3.0 are considered “affordable”, while those between 3.1 and 4.0 are considered “moderately unaffordable”.

See More Real Estate Content From Visual Capitalist

If you enjoyed this post, be sure to check out Ranked: The Most Valuable Housing Markets in America .

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Which Countries Have the Highest Corporate Tax Rates in G20?

In the wake of the 1999 Asian financial crisis, government representatives from the 20 largest economies in the world decided to informally gather to coordinate policy on trade. Thus began the G20.

Together the bloc accounts for more than 85% of the world economy and has been credited with unified policy action in response to world events.

However, despite this shared affiliation, this group is still made of fundamentally different economies with varied policies towards their business entities.

For a quick overview, we visualize and rank the G20 countries by their headline corporate tax rates. Data is sourced from Trading Economics , accessed June 2024. Data for the EU and the African Union (both G20 members) has not been included.

Ranked: G20 Members by Their Corporate Tax Rates

Argentina and India have the highest corporate income tax rates, at 35% in the G20.

However, both countries have a progressive ladder for taxation, so this headline number may only apply to a smaller subset of firms. For foreign companies with a “permanent entity” in India, the rate climbs past 40%.

Interestingly, BRICS countries cover the spectrum of corporate tax rates. Starting from the highest (India, Brazil) to middle of the pack (South Africa, China) to lowest (Russia).

On the other hand, most of the G7 cluster in the mid-ranges (24–30%), with Japan the highest outlier (31%) and the U.S. the lowest exception (21%).

In fact, after Saudi Arabia and Russia (20%), the U.S. has the third-lowest corporate tax rate of all G20 economies.

This wasn’t always the case. The 2018 “Trump Tax” law was the largest overhaul of the tax code in three decades, part of which reduced the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%.

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• Applying for a PhD in Canada

Written by Mark Bennett

This page explains how to apply to a university in Canada for PhD study, including entry requirements and the documents you’ll need.

You'll normally apply straight to the graduate school that is running your PhD. Some universities will have separate graduate schools for different subject areas. Others will have one large school administering all of their advanced degree programmes.

Admission requirements

The minimum requirement for a PhD in Canada will normally be a Masters degree in a related subject. Unlike in the UK and USA it is quite rare to go straight from undergraduate study to a doctorate. Some universities may allow you to do so if you do some additional Masters-level training.

Admission to a Canadian doctoral programme can be quite competitive. Students will often progress through modules together. This means graduate schools may only have places for a certain number in each year's cohort.

This means that your previous academic attainment will probably be examined quite closely.

In particular, you will usually be asked to provide a Grade Point Average (GPA) score instead of just submitting your final degree result. GPA is the system used in the USA and Canada (as well as some other countries) but is less common in the UK and Europe. It provides a more nuanced representation of your overall performance across a course of study.

Don't worry if your previous universities didn't use a GPA system: it's possible to convert most other grades into a GPA. The following table provides a rough guide to GPA equivalents for UK degree honours:

You'll normally need a GPA of 3.0 or higher for admission to a Canadian PhD programme.

Graduate admissions tests

You may also be asked to provide a score from a Graduate Records Examination (GRE) or Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT). This allows universities to assess applicants' suitability for advanced graduate work. Universities will sometimes use these to choose between applicants with similar academic results.

Specific requirements will vary between universities and graduate schools, so check in advance.

Language requirements

You will complete a Canadian PhD in either English or French, depending on which province you study in. English is the most common language of instruction, but universities in Québec will normally teach in French, as will some in New Brunswick.

Whichever language you choose to study in, you'll need to demonstrate that you're proficient in it to complete a PhD. If you're a native speaker or have already studied at university-level in either language that will normally be sufficient. Otherwise, you'll need to complete a language test and submit the score as part of your application.

Our guides introduce some of the common English language tests and French language tests that are suitable for PhD study, but you should always check which system your university prefers.

How to apply to universities in Canada

There two ways you can apply to a university in Canada for PhD study:

• Find an advertised project and apply for it. Many projects will already have a scholarship or stipend attached and will be looking for the ideal candidate.
• Apply to a university's doctoral programme with your own research project. The first step in this case is usually to identify a suitable supervisor and / or research group and contact them to discuss your interest. You may need to apply for funding separately.

Depending on the kind of opportunity you apply for, you'll normally need supply the following:

• Details (and evidence) of your previous study and qualifications : As well as confirmation of your final result (and GPA), Canadian universities may ask to see academic transcripts. These include information on your specific modules and grades. Your previous university/ies should be able to provide this, but you'll need to give them enough time.
• Information on your project details and plans : If you're suggesting your own topic you will normally need to submit a research proposal for it. If you're applying for an advertised opportunity, you may be asked to provide a personal statement .
• Two letters of recommendation : These will serve as your academic references . They should be provided by tutors or instructors who know your work at undergraduate or postgraduate level. Make sure to check that these people are happy to serve as your referees and give them plenty of notice.
• Evidence of test scores for any language tests or graduate admissions exams you've been asked to complete.

Be sure to check the specific requirements at your graduate school (or ask the supervisor you're applying to work with).

Specific deadlines for Canadian PhD applications will often be set by graduate schools. Actual dates will vary, but you should generally apply in the spring for an autumn start, or vice versa. Make sure to allow enough time to put together all of your application materials (and sort your visa, if you need one).

Universities in Canada may arrange a PhD interview to evaluate your application and potential or get to know you better. If so, you may be given the opportunity to conduct your interview via Skype, or a similar video conferencing platform.

Think you’re ready to find the perfect project for you?

Search our database of PhD programmes in Canada .

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

This guide tells you all about everything you need to apply for a PhD programme in Germany.

There are no fees for PhD study at most German universities and funding is available from a range of government agencies, research societies and other organisations.

Want to study a PhD in Ireland? This guide gives a detailed introduction to the kind of visa you need to study in Ireland and how to apply for it.

Everything you need to know about part-time and full-time work in Germany as a student or recent graduate in Germany.

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The most affordable Canadian universities in 2024 that won’t break the bank

Studying abroad can be a costly decision to make.

Tuition fees, rent, cost of living, and even student visa applications don’t come cheap .

• According to US News & World Report, average tuition at US private colleges grew by about 4% in 2022 to just under US$40,000 per year. For a public in-state school, that cost was $10,500, a 0.8% increase for in-state students and about 1% for out-of-state students.
• London, the QS Best Student City 2024 (and for the fifth year running), has rent prices that go up to US$2,776 per month for a one-bedroom apartment in the city centre. The monthly cost of living, including groceries, transportation, utilities, and entertainment, is estimated at around US$1,366.
• In Australia, talks of raising student visa application fees from US$497 to US$1,656 are underway . Applicants must pay this fee regardless of whether or not they secure a visa. Australia already has one of the most expensive visa application fees, second only to the UK, at a whopping US$615.

It’s no wonder that students are — and have been — looking elsewhere. In particular, Canada has always been seen favourably amongst international students for various reasons.

A 2023 report by IDP Connect, a global student recruitment firm, reveals that more than 21,000 students from 100 countries picked Canada as the most popular destination to study abroad.

With top-ranked universities, global hubs, and the opportunity to obtain Post-Graduate Work Permits (PGWP), it’s unsurprising that Canada has seen its international student population triple over the past decade .

Beyond that, the country has over 90 public institutes offering more than 15,000 programmes, with the majority being taught entirely in English. Among them, the most affordable Canadian universities boast  a high quality of life and diverse local communities, set in crisp air, diverse landscapes and breathtaking natural wonders. 

Toronto is the most populous city in Canada, filled with a vibrant multicultural scene alongside the country’s financial and commercial centre. Source: AFP.

A lifestyle filled with generous opportunities

Before diving into the most affordable Canadian universities, it’s worth mentioning that Canada has a great lifestyle for those making a life on their shores. 

While the cost of living may vary depending on location, international students can opt for affordable accommodation options during their stay. For those who stay on as permanent residents, the country has much more to offer.

Public schools are free for children aged five to 18. This includes children of permanent residents, work permit holders and study permit holders.

Most provinces have publicly funded healthcare plans , with some areas covering work permit holders and international students . Many essential health services are either free of charge or greatly subsidised.

Canada also offers great employment opportunities for fresh graduates or for those intending to migrate there permanently. While most Canadian companies prefer to hire locals, newcomers are welcome to volunteer or take up freelance projects, which will all count towards Canadian experience. 

Well-being and social security are also the country’s top priorities. In cases where you’ve lost your job or are unable to work for certain reasons, Canada’s Employment Insurance (EI) programme provides a source of temporary income.

If these perks sound appealing to you, applying to the most affordable Canadian universities is the perfect place to kickstart your journey:

10 most affordable Canadian universities where you won’t need to pay much to live your best life 

Note: These fees don’t include accommodation or any additional fees, so make sure you check out the university’s official site for more information, if necessary.

University of Montreal

The University of Montreal (UdeM) is one of the leading research universities in Canada, home to over 67,000 students and 2,300 professors and researchers. The university dates back to 1878, with roots running deep in Montreal, known as one of the least expensive cities to live in Canada’s Québec province.

Research is the core of UdeM – the university receives over US$650 million in research funding annually. UdeM boasts an impressive 465 research units alongside its affiliated schools, HEC Montréal and École Polytechnique de Montréal.

Tuition fees for the University of Montreal cost around US$5,520 per year.

Memorial University of Newfoundland 

Founded in 1925, Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN) was established as a living memorial to Newfoundlanders and Labradorians who died in the First World War. Now, it’s a public university based in St. Johns, with campuses scattered in Corner Brook, Saint Pierre, and Harlow.

The university offers certificate, diploma, undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate programmes. Tuition rates are among the lowest in Canada, coupled with generous funding packages for graduate students who require financial aid. 

Tuition fees for Memorial University of Newfoundland cost around US$8,440 a year.

Canadian Mennonite University is known for its agriculture programmes, which are taught uniquely on a small campus. Source: AFP.

Canadian Mennonite University

The Canadian Mennonite University (CMU) is a Christian university, well-known for its courses in biblical and theological studies . It was founded in 1999 by the Mennonite Church of Canada and is located in Winnipeg, Manitoba. 

Here, students can choose from internationally accredited programmes across diverse disciplines, catering to undergraduate and postgraduate studies.

The university also offers a short, one-year Pre-Professional Studies programme that helps students complete required courses for professional programmes not offered at CMU, such as agriculture, dentistry, education and more. Upon completion, students can apply for their desired degree in another university. 

CMU’s 3-credit-hour undergraduate course costs around US$570 to US$890, while a graduate course goes up to US$920. An international student taking a full-time course while living on-campus with the in-house meal plan can expect to pay around US$14,000 a year. 

University of Northern British Columbia

The University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC) is a public university in Prince George, British Columbia. It stands out amongst its kind, offering cheap programmes, a small student-to-faculty ratio of 16:1 and excellent support services such as mental health counselling , career guidance , and academic advising. 

The university offers over 50 programmes across three faculties – arts, science, and professional studies – ranging from undergraduate to graduate levels. Despite the small size of the university and its population, it has a research income of over US$11,050,000, reflecting the institute’s reputation as one of Canada’s best small universities .

It’s one of the cheapest universities in the country due to its unique fee structure. Tuition fees are determined by the programme, with undergraduate student tuition fees starting from US$144 to US$610 per credit hour. Tuition fees cost an average of US$9,500 a year.

Brandon University

Brandon University prides itself on being Canada’s finest regional university , committed to being the primary provider of university education to high school graduates in the region. In addition to low tuition rates, they offer comprehensive financial aid packages for students too. 

The university works to provide affordable education and lifelong learning for all in Manitoba. Here, students can explore fields related to art and music, politics and sports, and more from both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

Average tuition fees range from US$1,990 per year for undergraduate programmes to US$2,500 for graduate programmes. 

The most affordable Canadian universities have generous scholarships that will make your degree a bang for your buck. Source: AFP.

University of Guelph

The University of Guelph (U of G) is one of Canada’s oldest public universities, with roots dating back to 1964. U of G is known for its excellence in the arts and sciences and its commitment to developing exceptional thinkers and engaged citizens, coupled with a beautiful campus and a welcoming international community. 

With seven academic departments and numerous research centres , the university offers more than 90 undergraduate degrees, 48 master’s programmes, and 23 doctoral programmes. 

Tuition fees are calculated based on the academic programme, course load, cohort year, citizenship, room and meal plan selection, and parking if required. While annual tuition ranges around US$25,800, the generous scholarships make U of G one of the most affordable Canadian universities. 

Simon Fraser University

Simon Fraser University (SFU) offers excellent quality higher education at a low cost. It’s consistently ranked among Canada’s top research-intensive universities and  is a world leader in research, knowledge development, and sustainability. 

Over 32,000 students attend SFU, with most students taking up undergraduate programmes across eight faculties . Students graduate with the skills they need as professionals, as well as contributing members of their communities. 

Tuition fees go up to US$25,000 per academic year, which covers roughly 10 courses over two terms. The university also offers boarding with meal plans, additional financial aid, and scholarships.

Many top-ranked universities in Canada offer comprehensive programmes in engineering, making the country a popular destination for budding engineers. Source: AFP.

University of Saskatchewan

University of Saskatchewan (USask) aspires to be the university the world needs. The university is one of the top research-intensive, medical doctoral universities in Canada, providing world-leading education in a world leader in areas such as water and food security, vaccine development and infectious diseases, and human, animal and environmental health.

Currently, the university is home to over 22,000 students enrolled in different undergraduate and graduate programmes. Fields include arts, engineering, science, health sciences, business administration, education, pharmacy, and many more.

Tuition fees cost around US$24,680 per year, depending on programme choice and residential status. View this chart for a full list of USask’s tuition and student fees.

University of Calgary

The University of Calgary (UCalgary) is recognised as one of the country’s top five research universities , with campuses spread across Downtown, Foothills, Spyhill and Qatar. The main campus is home to over 33,000 students, guided by top faculties with top-class research skills.

Here, students can choose from over 250 undergraduate programmes and 170 degrees across 65 graduate programmes . UCalgary also offers over 1,200 courses and 70 certificate programmes for working professionals keen on personal growth or keeping up with the changing labour market. 

Tuition fees cost around US$19,800 a semester for general programmes in arts and humanities.

Fun fact: Canada consistently ranks among the­ most educated countries in the­ world, with over 56% of Canadians aged 25 to 64 having completed post-secondary education. Source: AFP.

University of Regina

The University of Regina (U of R) started out as a residential high school, set up in 1911 by the Methodist Church. Now, it’s a research university providing extensive hands-on learning opportunities to over 16,000 students hailing from every corner of the globe.

U of R, as it’s fondly referred to, offers more than 120 undergraduate programs and 78 graduate programs , including many specialised programs such as police studies and public policy. They also offer extensive student financial support for both local and international students. 

Tuition fees for an eight or 12-month academic year can go up to US$18,959.

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Chilliwack attracts families seeking more affordable way of life

Fraser valley city is booming, mayor says, but growth comes with pressure on land, infrastructure and schools.

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At Hillary Fortin's new home in Chilliwack, B.C., her two dachshunds pitter-patter on the hardwood floor as she tidies up her son's storybooks.

After living in Metro Vancouver for 30 years, the chartered professional accountant says she never thought she and her husband would end up living in the Fraser Valley city, about 100 kilometres east of Vancouver, known for its agricultural heritage and quaint, rural vibes. 

"I always thought, oh, that's, you know, a small town, very little opportunity, " she said. 

But after having their first child in 2023, priorities changed. 

Fortin, 34, is among a surge of people who have traded the big city for a quieter, more affordable life in Chilliwack — which, from 2016 to 2021, was  Canada's second fastest growing census metropolitan area after Kelowna, with 12.1 per cent growth, according to Statistics Canada.

Chilliwack's population is expected to grow to 132,000 by 2035, according to the city website — an increase of more than 40 per cent from the 2021 census figure of 93,000. 

• The fastest growing population centres in Canada are in B.C. — but they're not in Metro Vancouver

Experts say high costs of living, and unaffordable housing especially, are making mid-sized cities like those in the Fraser Valley more desirable than urban centres like Vancouver. 

A demographic profile  by the City of Chilliwack showed people from within B.C. made up 25 per cent of the city's population growth prior to 2010. That proportion had increased to more than 50 per cent between 2019 and 2022.

The same profile also says two-thirds of the city's population growth since 2011 can be attributed to the age groups of 30-39 and 60-79. A simultaneous increase in residents under 19 suggests many younger incomers are bringing children with them.

That growth is causing local challenges, including higher property tax, increased traffic and land pressure as the demand for housing increases. 

But many locals old and new say it's worth it for the affordable housing and revitalized attractions that are among key factors fuelling Chilliwack's boom.

As well as diverse housing there are new shops and easy access to outdoor recreation, says Sarah Toop, a Realtor and lifelong Chilliwack resident. 

"The town is a lot more fun than when I grew up," said Toop, who says her family settled in the area as dairy farmers in 1873.

In her 13-year real estate career, she says she's conducted over 1,500 sales — with around 700 of those happening in the last three years. 

"Chilliwack is exploding," Toop said.

'More square footage for your buck'

Fortin says she and her husband, a construction manager, initially considered buying a townhouse in Coquitlam or New Westminster. Ultimately, moving to Chilliwack allowed them to buy a five-bedroom home with a secondary suite and a backyard. 

"You could get way more square footage for your buck," said Fortin.

In May 2024, the median list price of single-family homes was $945,940 in Chilliwack compared to $1,546,144 in Coquitlam, according to the Houseful real estate site. 

With family support for their down payment, the couple is now building equity having previously rented two- or three-bedroom apartments in Vancouver — sometimes with a roommate. Daycare costs are half what they saw in Vancouver, Fortin says, while gas is also cheaper in the Valley. 

She says the move was a surprise to her family and friends considering her parents left the area in the 1990s to raise her in Metro Vancouver so she would have more opportunities.

But Fortin said, "there's opportunity for our age demographic here. We don't need to be in the city."

She says she's also found a larger sense of community in Chilliwack. 

At the city's newly revitalized downtown neighbourhood, District 1881 — which has a historic European village feel with restaurants, shops, offices and apartments — Fortin connected with moms and entrepreneurs and eventually opened a pop-up store to sell locally made products.

"I really was craving that connection. I didn't necessarily have it in the city," she said. 

Fortin concedes the trade-off has been longer commutes. Her husband often works in Burnaby — and when she returns to work she will be on a hybrid work schedule, meaning commutes to Vancouver. 

Flexible work, shifting demographics 

That wasn't the case for James and Raquel Narraway, who moved to Chilliwack from Maple Ridge with their two kids in 2020 after he began working from home permanently in his marketing job. 

"We have more space, we are closer to family, we're close to nature. We just love being here," said Raquel, 39, who recently began working as a real estate agent.

The couple said they moved from a 1,300-square-foot townhouse into a 3,300-square-foot detached home. 

The COVID-19 pandemic and consequent move for many to work-from-home or hybrid work arrangements has played a large part in Chilliwack's growth, says Afia Raja, associate professor at the Department of Planning, Geography and Environmental Sciences at the University of the Fraser Valley. 

After looking for trends in municipal data between 2016 and 2021 and interviewing around 50 residents, Raja and her students found online education, remote and hybrid work, and more living space were large factors for new residents.

Raja says demographic shifts also show Chilliwack becoming more multicultural, with the South Asian population doubling and large increases in Chinese, Black and Filipino residents.  

However, Raja notes that as mid-size cities like Chilliwack grow, their challenges — such as traffic, housing density and busy schools — become more pronounced. 

"Do we have education available educational facilities? Do we have health care available? Do we have enough job opportunities in those medium- or small-sized cities? So these are very big questions which people make a tradeoff [on] when they are choosing the kind of housing they are going to go to," said Raja. 

Growing pains 

Sitting in his office with renderings of new developments covering his wall, Mayor Ken Popove says his city is booming — from a new Red Bull headquarters, a wastewater treatment plant expansion, new additions to the mall, to more apartments springing up.  

But he also notes several continuing challenges, including how 67 per cent of the city's land is part of B.C.'s Agricultural Land Reserve, limiting space for new homes and industry — hence the construction of more apartments. 

In light of recent provincewide legislation pushing for denser housing , Popove has complained that Chilliwack is no longer permitted to hold public hearings for residential development rezoning applications that align with the city's 2040 Official Community Plan , and criticized the province's "one-size-fits-all approach."  

A statement earlier this month said council " reluctantly approved " bylaw amendments to allow three to four units on properties zoned for single-detached and duplex housing. 

The city also says it needs more funding to expand transit, while increasing school capacity could become a future issue. 

But while Chilliwack had a 7.32 per cent property tax increase for 2024 — its highest hike in decades, partly due to inflation and infrastructure projects — it still had the lowest average property tax bill for a representative home among 19 B.C. communities,  according to provincial data.

"There's all kinds of construction going on. And it just bodes well with the long-term plan of what we have here in Chilliwack just to make it as affordable as can be," said Popove. 

"At the end of the day, I think we've done a hell of a job here."

He concedes it can be "kind of a stinky town — you know, with all the farming. Guilty as charged. 

"But turn north or turn south [off Highway 1] and see what it's got going on." 

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

CBC Journalist

Baneet Braich is a journalist with CBC News. Connect with her at [email protected] or on Twitter at @Baneet_Braich

• Baneet_Braich

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• Manufacturing The Future Podcast
• Overcoming Tech Adoption Challenges in Manufacturing

Episode 28: Texas A&M’s Anupam Agrawal, PhD, on Overcoming Tech Adoption Challenges in Manufacturing

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Meet Anupam Agrawal, PhD, Associate Professor at Texas A&M University's Mays Business School

"At the end of it, we should have good people coming out of our universities who are trained better to solve problems and make lives better for other people."

Anupam Agrawal, PhD, Associate Professor at Texas A&M University's Mays Business School , addresses a significant challenge in the manufacturing industry: the integration of new technologies and digital processes. As industries move forward, traditional methods are becoming obsolete, and the need for digital transformation is paramount. Dr. Agrawal highlights the complexities involved in this transition, such as data acquisition, cybersecurity, and the seamless integration of new technologies into existing systems. By focusing on these challenges, he aims to ensure that companies can navigate the digital age effectively, maintaining competitiveness and driving innovation. As an academic, he also wants to ensure that the next generation of manufacturers is as prepared as possible to enter the field and succeed.

The journey of Dr. Agrawal and his work at Texas A&M University began with a strong foundation in academia and a passion for supply chain management and operations. Over the years, he has built a reputation as a highly respected teacher and researcher, contributing significantly to the field. This journey has been marked by a commitment to bridging the gap between academic theory and practical application in the industry.

In This Episode

In our latest episode of the Manufacturing the Future podcast, Dr. Agrawal offers a deep dive into the future of manufacturing and digital transformation. He shares his expertise on the importance of digitalization, the challenges of adopting new technologies, and the necessity of close collaboration between academia and industry. By breaking down complex concepts and providing actionable insights, Dr. Agrawal equips listeners with the knowledge needed to navigate the evolving landscape of manufacturing.

• The importance of digital transformation in modern manufacturing processes and its impact on operational efficiency.
• Challenges faced by businesses in integrating new technologies like AI, big data analytics, and machine learning.
• The necessity of developing relevant talent through closer collaboration between academia and industry.
• How digitalization can lead to better product design and reduced faults in manufacturing.
• Practical applications of digital transformation in supply chain management.
• The evolution of academic programs to include digital skills and new technology competencies.
• Strategies for businesses to navigate disruptions and leverage technology for training and upskilling.

More Episodes

Episode 27: The ARM Institute’s Ira Moskowitz on Making Robotics Accessible

Episode 26: The US Council on Competitiveness’ Deborah Wince-Smith on the I5 of Innovation and How the Concept Applies to Fostering Growth

Episode 24: Voice of the Essential Manufacturing Worker, Chapter 3—Marc Weinmann and Arturo Buzzalino on Transformative Technologies

Episode 23: Voice of the Essential Manufacturing Worker, Chapter 2—Marc Weinmann and Arturo Buzzalino on Why Upskilling is Critical

Episode 22: Voice of the Essential Manufacturing Worker, Chapter 1—Marc Weinmann and Arturo Buzzalino on Day-to-Day Work and the Industry Outlook

Episode 21: IDC's Lynne Schneider on How Data is Not the New Oil – But It Is the New Grease

Episode 20: Arnold Lumber Company's Adam Bartlett Drills In to the Meaning of Digital Transformation

Episode 19: PureCycle's Dustin Olson on Leaning into Technology and Innovating Sustainability

Episode 18: E4D's Tammi Carter on Helping Customers "Dream, Design, Deliver, and Delight"

Episode 17: Praxie's Michael Lynch on How AI is Transforming Manufacturing

Episode: 16 Bunting's Robert Bunting Jr. on Increasing Efficiency and Adding Value Through Digitization and Automation

Episode 15: Analyzing the Findings from "The Evolving Role of Financial Leaders in Manufacturing" Report with Epicor's Mark Jensen

Episode 14: Voice of the Manufacturing Manager Report Insights

Episode 13: Prollenium's Ario Khoshbin on Building a Tech Company from Scratch That Stays True to Its Roots

Episode 12: Cre8tive Technology and Design's Bob Aronson on Using ERP to Stay Compliant, Reduce Risk, and Improve Operations in the A&D Industry

Episode 11: Knowing When to Automate, Digitize, and Modernize While Moving Quickly in R&D

Episode 10: UST's Daniel Izhaky On How Technology Can Increase Productivity Efficiency and Quality

Episode 9: Continuously Improving Upon Global Tooling and Plastics Manufacturing

Episode 8: Hitting a Home Run with Scalable and Simple Manufacturing

Episode 7: Breathing Easier Through Manufacturing Innovation, Ideas, and Technology

Episode 6: Managing Operational Complexity and Reducing Waste by Thinking Inside the Box

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Where to Find Canada’s Most Affordable Property Taxes in 2024

Property taxes are unavoidable for homeowners and should always be included in your budget. Even if you have paid off your mortgage, property taxes still need to be paid, making it crucial to stay informed about annual property tax changes. This is because tax rates can vary due to factors such as new local government policies, property reassessments, and exemptions like Ontario’s Senior Homeowners’ Property Tax Grant. Property taxes support essential local services such as police and fire departments, schools, road maintenance, garbage collection, snow removal, and sewage upkeep. Homeowners may make tax payments monthly, semi-annually, or annually, depending on local regulations.

This content was originally published by Zoocasa. View original content and infographics here.

Additionally, the type of home you own can impact your property taxes. For instance, condo owners might have lower property taxes because their maintenance fees cover shared spaces and building upkeep, which are subject to different guidelines than single-family homes.

Generally, property taxes could be lower in densely populated areas since the public costs are distributed among more people. Understanding these factors can help you effectively manage your property tax expenses and overall housing budget.

We compiled a list of 24 cities across Canada and their property tax rates for 2024 and calculated the amount of property taxes a resident would pay on a home with an assessment value of $500,000, $750,000, and $1,000,000.

East Coast City Leads Canada in Property Tax Increase

In 2024, property tax rates in some cities have fluctuated significantly, with the highest increase reaching 9.64% year-over-year in St. John’s, Newfoundland, and the largest decrease being -6.18% in Montreal, Quebec. Many areas paused rate adjustments during the pandemic, leading to substantial rate increases now as they compensate for that pause.

Homeowners in these three cities have experienced a significantly higher increase in property taxes than other areas in Canada. St. John’s, Newfoundland, saw the highest property tax increase in the country, at 9.64% year-over-year, followed by Victoria at 8.70%. However, Victoria still has some of the lowest rates in the country. London increased its property tax by 7.66% compared to 2023 and has one of the highest property rates in Canada.

Montreal experienced the biggest drop at -6.18% year over year, which offers substantial relief to property owners in the region. This was followed by Regina, where property tax rates decreased by -3.71%, and Saint John, New Brunswick, with a reduction of -2.47%.

The median year-over-year property tax change for the 24 cities analyzed is 4.88%, highlighting municipalities’ diverse fiscal strategies to address their unique economic conditions and development goals.

“Understanding the relationship between housing costs and property tax rates is key to making informed decisions when buying real estate. Some cities with lower housing costs may have higher property tax rates, while homes in major cities may have lower rates. This can help you avoid unexpected financial burdens and plan your next move more effectively. It’s a crucial expense that all home buyers should keep in mind,” says Carrie Lysenko, Zoocasa CEO.

Canadian Cities With the Lowest Property Taxes

British Columbia boasts some of the lowest property taxes in Canada, based on assessed home values, despite having a higher overall cost of living. Although the province is home to many of Canada’s most competitive and expensive real estate markets, Greater Vancouver maintains the lowest property tax rate of 0.29681%, translating to $2,968 in tax payment for a home assessed at $1,000,000.

Despite a 6.75% annual increase in the property tax rate, Abbotsford’s 2024 property tax rate is the second lowest on our list at 0.39590%. This translates to $3,959 in annual taxes for a home assessed at $1,000,000 while maintaining the distinction of being the second lowest rate among all cities analyzed.

Victoria also offers relatively affordable property taxes with a rate of 0.47416%, leading to annual taxes of $4,742 for a home assessed at $1,000,000. These low property tax rates help make B.C. a little more affordable for homeowners when looking at the big picture.

Understanding Ontario’s 2024 Property Tax Rates

In 2024, property tax rates vary widely across Ontario cities. For example, Toronto has a relatively low tax rate of 0.71529%, considering the average property price of $1,156,167. In comparison, Burlington, with a similar average property price of $1,158,109, has a higher tax rate of 0.91815%. This rate difference may be due to the significant population difference between the two cities.

Ottawa, known for its relatively affordable cost of living compared to other major Ontario cities, has a higher tax rate of 1.19564%, despite its moderate property prices. For a home assessed at $1,000,000, Ottawa residents will pay $11,956 in property taxes, while residents in Toronto will pay $7,153 in property taxes on a home assessed at $1,000,000.

Cities like Sudbury, Waterloo, Kitchener, and Guelph have moderate rates exceeding 1.25%, resulting in higher property taxes. Sudbury, in particular, faces a significant impact due to its lower average property value. Annual taxes for a home assessed at $1,000,000 in Sudbury amount to $12,572, which is higher than in Toronto, Ottawa, and Burlington. However, Sudbury remains an affordable Ontario real estate market, with an average price of $501,282, meaning that few residents will have to grapple with an assessment that high.

Niagara Falls has the third-highest property tax rate in the province, with the property tax rate increasing by 4.57% year-over-year to a rate of 1.55200%.For a home assessed at $500,000, property taxes amount to $7,421.

London has the second highest property tax rates in Ontario, at 1.57313%, followed by Sault Ste. Marie’s at 1.78914%. This higher cost is especially pronounced in Sault Ste. Marie, where the country’s highest tax rate is applied despite having the lowest property prices of all cities analyzed.

Cities With the Highest Property Taxes in Canada

Saint John, New Brunswick, is one of the most expensive areas in Canada for property taxes, even after a slight decrease in the tax rate of -2.47% year-over-year. This tax rate remains significantly higher compared to many other regions in the country. For homes valued at $500,000, $750,000, and $1,000,000, homeowners pay $7,900, $11,850, and $15,800 in property taxes, respectively.

Following closely, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, has an even higher property tax rate of 1.78914%. This results in property taxes of $8,946 for a $500,000 home, $13,419 for a $750,000 home, and $17,891 for a $1,000,000 home, making it one of the country’s most expensive cities for property taxes. This means that homeowners in Vancouver will pay less than half in property taxes for a home assessed at $1,000,000 compared to what homeowners in Sault Ste. Marie will pay for a home assessed at $500,000.

Overall, the high property tax rates in Saint John and Sault Ste. Marie means that homeowners must allocate a substantial portion of their budget to cover these annual expenses.

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