how to prepare for bpsc essay

• Public Service Commission
• BPSC Preparation

BPSC Preparation - Study Material, Notes And Current Affairs

The Bihar Public Service Commission (BPSC) conducts recruitment exams to fill up Group A, B and C vacancies in the state administration.

The BPSC Combined Competitive Exam (BPSC Exam) is the common entry point for about 20 prestigious posts in the Bihar administration.

Similar to the IAS exam which is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), the BPSC exam comprises three stages:

• Stage 1 – Prelims
• Stage 2 – Mains
• Stage 3 – Interview

Every year, lakhs of aspirants prepare for the state service exams or the UPSC Civil Service Exams.

With the right preparation strategy and study material, you can also become a part of the elite Indian administrative setup.

BPSC Study Material

Toppers recommend reading a newspaper daily to keep abreast of important national and international news.

The Hindu and The Indian Express are the two most important newspapers for civil service exam preparation.

BPSC aspirants should also analyse the news in the context of Bihar. For daily video analysis of The Hindu , please check the linked article.

Weekly and monthly magazines are also a good source to boost up your current affairs preparation for the BPSC exam.

Best magazines for BPSC preparation are listed below:

• Kurukshetra
• Down to Earth

Aspirants can also download the Monthly Magazine curated for civil service exam preparation from the linked article.

The weightage being given to questions based on Current Affairs in state service exams or UPSC IAS exam is increasing in recent years. In the linked article, aspirants can see the trend analysis of UPSC Current Affairs and find BYJU’S latest compilations, such as:

• Daily Comprehensive News Analysis – Essential daily news analysed and compiled in an easy to read way. Also, download PDFs for free.
• PIB Summary – Summary of exam relevant releases by the Press Information Bureau
• Gist of RSTV – Summaries of important shows on Rajya Sabha TV
• This Day in History  – There are many important historical events that are important from the context of the BPSC Exam. Hence, this section can be referred to, for keeping yourself in line with the major events of Indian history.

Simply reading the news and current affairs is not enough as competition is tough and the exam pattern and syllabus vary to a certain extent.

Candidates should go through the links given below to understand and compare the IAS Exam and the BPSC Exam:

Most of the state service exam patterns are quite similar to the IAS Exam, In case of BPSC also, the Prelims stage comprises only objective type questions while the Mains stage is the descriptive theory exam.

It is important to select the right study material as efficient use of time is one of the most underrated keys to success in the Civil Service Exam.

Best BPSC Books

As the first step, candidates should go through the syllabus and read the state board books along with NCERT books (Class 6 – Class 12th). Candidates should read the old NCERT books as well.

From the linked article, candidates can download the NCERT books PDFs for BPSC and UPSC preparation.

The best BPSC books are listed below:

• Indian Polity – Laxmikanth
• History – Bipan Chandra
• Economy – Ramesh Singh
• Geography – Majid Hussain
• India Yearbook

Candidates can download the complete book list and other important study material from the link below.

UPSC/BPSC Books list:- Download PDF Here

In BPSC Prelims, the syllabus mentions a section on general mental ability which is somewhat similar to the CSAT in UPSC Prelims. Candidates can check the linked article for all CSAT related information, books and practice questions.

Preparation for Bihar PSC or any other civil service exam in India should contain the following steps:

• Reading the NCERTs
• Going through the standard reference books
• Making notes for objective type questions and for theory questions
• Aligning current affairs with the syllabus
• Going through the previous years’ question papers and practising mocks
• Ample revision

While carrying the BPSC preparation, if aspirants come in touch a few terms that confuse them or they want to know the difference between such terms/concepts, they can check our differences between articles page for reference. Here, we have compiled 100 such articles mentioning fundamental differences between important topics/terms or concepts.

Candidates who are pressed for time can read subject-wise NCERT notes on the following subject areas:

• Ancient Indian History Notes
• Medieval Indian History Notes
• Modern Indian History Notes
• Geography Notes
• Art and Culture Notes

Aspirants can also get BYJU’S classroom notes of polity, economics, environment and science & technology for BPSC preparation:

• Polity Notes
• Economics Notes
• Environment Notes
• Science & Technology Notes

66th BPSC CCE prelims will take place on 27th December 2020. Candidates preparing for it can refer to topics that were asked in the 65th BPSC Prelims examination and the related BYJU’S notes for those topics:

Some of the important topics that were asked from the history section of the BPSC syllabus were:

• Land Revenue System
• Non-Cooperation Movement
• 1857 Revolt
• Indian National Congress Sessions
• Civil Disobedience Movement
• Viceroys of India
• Delhi Sultans
• Mansabdari System

Aspirants can read about these topics from the links mentioned below:

• Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-Dhan Scheme
• Antyodaya Programme
• Census 2011
• Panchayati Raj Institutions
• Parliamentary & Unitary Form of Government
• Order of Precedence

Geography & Environment

• Geological formations of India
• Coral Reefs
• Natural Vegetation
• Tributaries of Rivers
• Mountains and Hills of India

• Hindu Growth Rate
• Direct Finance
• Foreign Exchange Reserves
• India’s Exports
• Five-Year Plans

To prepare for other government exams; check the links below:

• Latest Notifications of Government Exams
• Government Schemes

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Crack BPSC in 6 Months: Smart Study Strategy & Tips

1st Feb 2024

Myonlineprep

6-Month BPSC Preparation Strategy: A Detailed Approach

Prepare effectively for the Bihar Public Service Commission (BPSC) exam with a comprehensive 6-month strategy. Understand the exam pattern, focus on subject-wise preparation, and strike a balance between Prelims and Mains.

The Bihar Public Service Commission (BPSC) conducts exams for various government posts in the state. These exams have three main parts: prelims, mains, and interviews. To succeed, candidates need to carefully prepare for each phase. First, they should check the BPSC exam syllabus and BPSC exam pattern on the official website and start studying accordingly. Understanding the exam pattern and marking system, also available on the website, is crucial for scoring well.  By focusing on these aspects, candidates can increase their chances of passing and getting selected for the job they applied for. But have you ever wondered about cracking the exam in 6 months? Cracking the BPSC exam in 6 months might not sound easy, but it is surely not impossible. With the right strategy, right guidance, and the right attitude, one can surely crack the BPSC exam in 6 months. So let us have a detailed look at the key aspects of this exam. 

6-Month BPSC Preparation Strategy: An Overview

Before we delve into the intricacies of the BPSC exam and its 6-month strategy, an overview of the same can be helpful. When getting ready for the Bihar Public Service Commission (BPSC) exam, it is very important to plan how you will study. A 6-month plan for studying for the BPSC exam should include a detailed schedule that covers every part of the test-taking process. To do this, you need to know how the BPSC exam works, what the course covers, and how long you should study each day. Self-evaluation and making goals are part of the first step, which prepares you for a personalized study plan. Not only this, aspirants are advised to prepare for each topic in detail, use useful tools, and do regular reviews. If you want to crack the exam in 6 months, then adhering to these tips is a must. 

6-Month BPSC Preparation Strategy: Knowing Exam Pattern

Acing the BPSC exam in 6 months will not be a cakewalk for you but it will surely yield results. The BPSC exam pattern is known for its challenging yet fair nature, ensuring that only the most competent individuals secure positions in the esteemed Bihar Administrative Services. Hence it is important to know about the exam pattern if you wish to crack this exam in 6 months. So let us have a look at the BPSC exam pattern.

BPSC Prelims Exam Pattern

BPSC Mains Exam Pattern

6-Month BPSC Preparation Strategy: Steps required to make a study plan

Are you studying for the BPSC exam and wondering how to best organize your study time to get the most out of it? Making an extremely well-organized study plan is the key to success. In this guide, we will help you through the process by showing you step-by-step how to make a study plan that will help you do well on the BPSC exam. Come with us to make sure you're ready to take on the challenges of studying for the BPSC exam because hard work always pays off. 

1. Grasp the Exam Syllabus You should begin your BPSC exam preparation by thoroughly comprehending the syllabus. Please don’t forget that the syllabus is the key for examinations like BPSC. Make sure to organize the topics, categorizing them for both Prelims and Mains. This ensures your study plan aligns seamlessly with the exam structure, setting a strong foundation for success. 

2. Establish Achievable Goals It's always advised to dream big and think big. But in this continuous journey of BPSC, short-term goals will help better. Set goals that are not only realistic but also time-bound. You can do the same by breaking down the course into smaller, manageable tasks to monitor your progress easily. You will surely achieve success if you follow this rule of short-term goals and are consistent with it. 

3. Give Priority to Topics You might not be good with every subject or every topic. But that doesn’t mean you can’t be good at every subject and every topic. As an honest aspirant, you have to recognize your strengths and areas that need improvement within the subjects. Prioritize topics that demand more attention, maintaining a well-balanced approach. 

4. Craft a Practical Timetable If you are a true aspirant, you know how practicality plays an important role in these dynamic exams. Develop a schedule that suits your daily routine, incorporating breaks to prevent burnout. Consistency is the key, so create a routine that you can realistically adhere to. When I say this, take it seriously! Only and only create a routine that you can follow honestly and consistently. 

5. Include Revision Intervals An optimistic approach to your timetable ensures a positive and effective study environment. Allot specific time slots for regular revision. Create a revision schedule well before the exam day, reinforcing your confidence and readiness for the challenges ahead.

These are some of the important tips that you have to keep in mind while making a thorough study plan for your 6-month BPSC preparation. If you diligently follow these steps, no one can take away the success from you. So start from today itself and curate a 6-month strategy for your next BPSC attempt. 

6-Month BPSC Preparation Strategy: Month-Wise Study Plan

This six-month plan offers a comprehensive strategy, which guarantees that applicants will be well-prepared and self-assured as they face the BPSC examination. If you want to crack the BPSC exam in 6 months, then you should go for this curated 6-month strategy for the BPSC exam. Let us have a look at the same. 

1. Month 1-2: Understanding the Landscape

The first month should be dedicated to understanding the BPSC exam landscape and its requirements. 

Weeks 1-2: Exam Familiarization

• Understand the BPSC exam pattern, syllabus, and marking scheme.
• dentify strengths and weaknesses across subjects.

Weeks 3-4: Preliminary Focus

• Intensive study of General Studies for the preliminary exam.
• Begin with topics like History, Geography, and Current Affairs.

2. Month 3-4: Deep Dive into Prelims and Mains Syllabus

From the 3rd as well as 4th month, it's crucial to dive into the prelims and mains syllabus in detail, so that you can buck up your preparation. 

Weeks 5-6: Continue Preliminary Preparation

• Dive deeper into General Studies, emphasizing Polity, Economy, and Science.
• Practice solving previous years' question papers for Prelims.

Weeks 7-8: Introduction to Mains Subjects

• Initiate study of main subjects such as Optional Paper and General Studies.
• Create a study plan that balances Prelims and Mains preparation.

 Month 5: Intensive Mains Preparation

• From the 5th month, you need to shift towards an intensive mains preparation. Your preparation should focus on the mains examination and its strategies. 

Weeks 9-10: Focused Mains Subjects

• Allocate more time to Mains subjects, giving attention to the Optional Paper.
• Begin answer writing practice for Mains.

Weeks 11-12: Mock Tests and Revision

• Take full-length mock tests for both Prelims and Mains.
• Revise all subjects, focusing on weak areas.

4. Month 6: Final Refinement and Revision

• The final month is sheerly for the revision. I want to advise you not to study any new topic in the final month. Whatever you have studied for the past 5 months, just revise it thoroughly. You can also practice sectional as well as full length mock tests. 

Weeks 13-14: Subject Refinement

• Refine understanding of crucial topics in all subjects.
• Continue answer writing practice for Mains.

Weeks 15-16: Final Mock Tests and Revision

• Take final mock tests to simulate exam conditions.
• Devote time to a comprehensive revision of all subjects.
• Final Days: Exam Simulation and Mental Preparation

Weeks 17-18: Exam Simulation (Before BPSC Exam)

• Simulate exam conditions with timed practice tests.
• Work on time management and strategy.
• Focus on maintaining a positive mindset.
• Revise quick notes and key facts.

This month-wise breakdown ensures a gradual and comprehensive approach to both Prelims and Mains preparation, incorporating focused study sessions, mock tests, and strategic revision. Adjustments can be made based on individual progress and preferences.

6-Month BPSC Preparation Strategy: Subject-Wise Preparation Startegy

Apart from the 6-month strategy, the BPSC aspirants need to have a subject-wise preparation strategy. This will help the aspirants to know better about their weak and strong subjects. A significant component of getting ready for the BPSC examination is preparing for each subject. Taking into consideration both General Studies and the Optional Subject, let's break down the technique below:

A. General Studies

1. Current Affairs- Aspirants for the BPSC exam should make it a habit to regularly read news from a variety of sources to stay up to date on the changing world of national and foreign events.  To stay up to date on what's happening read newspapers, books, and internet news sites regularly. You can read either “The Hindu” or “The Indian Express” regularly. 

2. History, Geography, and Polity- While studying for the BPSC exam, it is important to follow a structured method when looking into past events, geographical traits, and political systems.  Those who want to do this should use reliable reference books and online sources that offer information that has been thoroughly studied and is accurate. Not only should rote memory be emphasized, but also a deep knowledge of the ideas behind them. Always remember these small practices during the preparation span will help you achieve success on the result day!

3.  Economy and Social Issues- BPSC economic and social topics success requires knowledge of basic economic concepts, current government policies, and social concerns. This requires constant monitoring of economic data to comprehend economic changes in real-time.  To fully comprehend, theoretical information must be applied to real-world situations. By applying economic ideas and policies to real-world circumstances, candidates can gain a deeper understanding of the subject as well as the specific topic. Interesting strategy, isn't it?

B. Optional Subject

Several important steps are needed to prepare for the optional topic on the BPSC exam in a planned and organized way. First, people who want to get in should get the books and other study tools that are suggested for the optional subject they have picked. Next, breaking up the long syllabus into doable parts makes it possible to make a planned and organized study schedule. Setting daily, weekly, and monthly study goals and giving them specific times to be completed ensures a focused approach to covering the whole course. 

This was a brief outline of the subject-wise strategy for the BPSC exam. However, as an aspirant, you can make changes in these plans based on your needs and requirements. But make sure to be true and honest to the plan you have catered for yourself. 

In conclusion, the six-month BPSC exam preparation strategy is a well-thought-out road map that will help candidates follow a thorough and effective study plan. Candidates can do their best if they know how the exam is set up, know their skills and weaknesses, and focus on studying each topic separately. The plan stresses how important it is to have a reasonable schedule, review material regularly, and practice tests to confirm what you've learned and improve your confidence. So gear up yourself and start following the comprehensive 6-month strategy for your next BPSC attempt. 

1. Why is a 6-month preparation strategy recommended for the BPSC exam?

Ans: 6-month preparation strategy allows candidates to cover the vast syllabus systematically, allocate sufficient time for revisions, and build a strong foundation.

2. How do I start my preparation for the BPSC exam within the first month?

Ans: Begin by understanding the exam pattern, syllabus, and marking scheme. Identify your strengths and weaknesses across subjects. 

3. How can I balance preparation for both Prelims and Mains during the 6 months?

Ans: Allocate dedicated time for both Preliminary and Main exam preparations. Emphasize Prelims-focused topics initially, gradually transitioning to in-depth Main preparation as the exam approaches.

4. What role does mock testing play in the 6-month strategy?

Ans: Mock tests simulate exam conditions, helping candidates assess their preparation levels, improve time management, and identify areas that need further attention. 

5. How should I approach the optional subject selection process?

Ans: Consider your interests and strengths. Analyze previous exam trends for scoring options. Seek guidance from mentors or subject experts to make an informed decision.

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68th BPSC Exam: How to Write a Good Essay in BPSC Mains, Explained

What is Essay Writing,

Novelist Stephen King put it beautifully when he said, “I write to find out what I think.”

Writing is a window to your thought process. What you write on paper will tell the reader how you think, how you argue and the way you substantiate your viewpoint. This is why for most competitive examinations and academic entrance tests, essay is mandatory.

Despite its importance, essay paper often does not get the attention it deserves from aspirants. First timers think they will write an excellent essay in the final exam itself, whereas experienced aspirants believe that since they had already studied a ton for GS, it will alone be enough to write a good essay. This is a fatal miscalculation.

Most of the content you write in Essay will come from your GS preparation but essay distinguishes itself from GS in the sense that in GS, marks will be awarded purely for content. But in essay, examiners will pay special attention to not just the content, but also the language, coherence and the way you organize your write-up.

So you must take a dequate care to arrange your ideas properly and not commit any fundamental spelling or grammatical errors.

Apart from GS, you will have to Read few Other Things Like - 

Collecting good stories/anecdotes and quotes: Anecdotes, quotes and real life stories you see in newspapers and books which can be used in essay should be noted down, sometimes you directly get Quote as an Essay or you can use these quotes from prominents personalities to improve the quality of your essay.

Referring to specific magazines: For certain topics, you can refer to specific issues of Yojana/EPW/Economic Survey etc. Example: for an essay on tribal issues or public health, you can go through specific issues of these magazines for getting the latest statistics (IMR, MMR, malnutrition levels etc) and also about the positives and criticisms of govt schemes in that sector.

What to Keep in mind while writing Essay

I. Improving language and expression

• Language in essay must be simple and clear with as little jargon as possible. If you want to use complex definitional terms such as, say, ‘Constitutionalism’ or ‘Sanskritisation’ please define it in sentence just before you use it. Examiner will also understand clearly what you want to convey. Clear writing is clear thinking. And that is what any reader looks for.
• Keep our sentences short and powerful. Long, winding sentences makes it difficult to read and understand. If you tack on one clause after another through conjunctions, what you get is a bad sentence sprawl.

II. Vocabulary: There is no need to memories complex words for writing a good essay. But an occasional use of a powerful word, or a good phrase definitely gives your write-up an edge.

III. Do not focus excessively only on one point, or one dimension (such as the historical or political aspect) Your essay needs to be expansive and multi-dimensional.

IV. During preparation, we read a lot and it’s understandable that we feel strongly about certain topics. And since essay offers freedom to write, it’s very easy to get carried away with such a topic. But make sure that you write what is asked, not what you know or feel like. Always stick to the subject of the topic.

V. Do not dedicate disproportionate amount of time for the first essay and scamper through the second. Both carry equal marks, so please invest equal time.

VI. Always conclude positively.

How to write a good Introduction to your Essay?

Writing good Introduction is very important for an essay as it sets the tone and if examiner is not convinced or get good vibe, they may not read it completely and mark you poorly as the saying goes, "First Impression is Last Impression".

One of the major mistakes that student commit in Introduction is that, they start with definition which is good for General Studies but a blunder for Essay. 

Essay introduction can be:

• a data from a report
• a current incident or story (where you introduce a character);
• a real life anecdote;
• a quote; or

What to Write in Main Body

• Importance or Benefits , Advantages & Disadvantages, Challanges, Initiatives, Solutions 
• Various Aspects: Social, Political, Economical, Administrative, International, Environmental, Historical, Scientific, Security/Defence, Legal
• Statistics, examples, expert opinions and constitutional provisions are crucial and they make your arguments authoritative.
• For example, if you are arguing that Capital punishment is an expensive form of justice, you should be able to given an example or a statistic or Law Commission’s opinion as to how the subjects of death penalty are overwhelmingly from poor communities.

Concluding an Essay

Conclusion needs to be on a futuristic, optimistic note. You need to summarize the complete essay in 3-4 sentences, after which you can write your vision for future.

Essay Writing Tips and Strategy

• Developing the skill to write a good essay needs preparation, which precedes the examination phase.
• Writing holds the key to an effective essay: it forms the core for conveying ideas from your mind to paper.
• Language skill is not developed overnight. It demands effort and perseverance. Your command over a language is determined by your desire to master it.
• The general essay paper plays a crucial role in compensating for the lack of high scores in GS and optional papers.
• Many of us commit the mistake of gathering facts and information on the probable topics at the eleventh hour of preparation, thinking that we can produce a good piece of work in the examination hall.
• What we have to understand is that arranging gathered ideas using an appropriate language is going to be a tedious job, especially when you have the pressure of time limit
• So start working on improving your writing skills right from the beginning of your preparation. Enhance your skills by developing an interest in learning more vocabulary, acquiring a wider information base, and having a passion for reading.
• The whole essay should be organically linked from one paragraph to another So that the examiner could feel the continuity and orderly flow and arrangement of your ideas. the unification among the paragraphs can be done through transitional words and phrases.
• The essay is not merely a test of your factual knowledge. It is a test of your creativity, inventive spirit, and capacity for the generation of new ideas.
• The choice of words and the proper statement is important.
• For that make a list of the alternative words for the words you use often.
• Note down powerful sentences, paragraphs, and quotations whenever you find them.
• Keep close to the subject matter. Whatever you write it must be totally relevant to the subject matter.
• The introductory note should be around 5 to 7 percent of the length of the essay, the body around 86 to 90 percent, and the concluding remark again around 5 to 7 percent.
• To obtain good marks remember the abc of essay which stands for a - for accuracy; b - for brevity and c - for creativity.
• Don't take extreme views. Your essay should reflect your balance of judgment, holistic approach, and an analytical bend of mind
• Select the topic wisely -A topic about which you are too passionate or feel strongly about. In this case, you may tend to get excited and fail to write a balanced essay. This can work against you.
• After selecting the topic judiciously, you should not start writing straight away. It is advisable to think for some time and collect your thoughts. Write in pencil the points you want to write as doing so you can write your points in the correct sequence.
• Once you have the rough points in hand, you can start writing the essay. While writing, you must adhere to a good structure.

Previous Year Essay topics for UPSC

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Course Introduction

As you are aware that BPSC has come up with an Essay as a mandatory subject in the Mains paper that will have a great influence and impact on your Final Score, Rank and Service that you get. As It is said “Better to start early than finish late.” you must begin writing an essay without thinking much about the quality, content and Flow. It will automatically come after Practice. In Hindi, we have a famous proverb

करत करत अभ्यास के जड़मति होत सुजान; रसरी आवत जात ते सिल पर परत निसान

The key to progress and success is practice. Hard work done for success results from practice only. Labour once done does not yield desired results; Success is achieved only by repeated practice. Whether it is construction work, learning an art skill, reaching a goal or studying, there is a need for practice everywhere. Even a talented person cannot progress if he does not practice.

We at BCW believe in the same principle and expect the same from you as a friend, Guide and Mentor.

We will post Essay topics till the 68th Mains so that you could get Hang of writing essays and be a master at it –

Online Essay Course Key Features

• Learn from experienced mentors specialized in essay writing for BPSC, providing comprehensive guidance and strategies.
• Thorough coverage of diverse essay topics relevant to the BPSC exam syllabus and current affairs.
• Detailed instruction on essay structure, outlining, and effective organization of ideas to craft compelling essays.
• Ample practice opportunities with essay prompts and exercises to hone writing skills and enhance fluency.
• Receive personalized feedback on essay drafts to improve content, style, grammar, and overall presentation.
• Techniques to manage time effectively during essay writing within the BPSC exam time constraints.
• Incorporation of current affairs and contemporary issues to help candidates develop well-informed perspectives.
• Engaging discussions, group activities, and interactive sessions to foster deeper understanding and learning.
• Access to curated study materials, reference resources, and model essays for reference and practice.
• Simulated mock essay tests replicating the BPSC exam conditions for practical exam readiness.

Key Differentiator

Quality teaching:.

• Experienced Faculty: A highly skilled and diverse pool of faculty members.
• Extensive Teaching Hours: Approximately 700 hours devoted to teaching.
• Thorough Syllabus Coverage: Comprehensive approach covering both prelims and main syllabi.
• Well-Structured Modules: Systematic subject sequencing and well-framed modules.
• Emphasis on Clarity and Relevance: Focus on conceptual clarity and a contemporary approach.

Quality Study Material:

• Aligned with Exam Requirements: Designed in accordance with the Civil Services Exam syllabus and pattern.
• Analytical and Comprehensive: Materials cater to both preliminary and main stages of the examination.

Regular Assesment & Support:

• Weekly Assessments: Regular tests covering objective and subjective questions for continuous assessment and improvement.
• Newspaper Analysis and Essay Sessions: Weekly sessions to analyze newspapers and strengthen essay writing skills.

Additional Support:

• Online Learning Portal: Access to a Current Affairs channel, Prelims Test Series, Mains Test Series, and Interview Guidance Programme.
• Extra Sessions for Mains Preparation: Additional support specifically geared towards the Main examination.

Personalized & Dedicated Academic Coaching

• 24/7 Study Management Support: Round-the-clock assistance for study management.
• Tailored Guidance: Assistance with Prelims and Mains Test Series, Interview Guidance Programme, and personalized support to enhance answer writing skills.
• Customized Question Papers: Tailoring question papers according to individual student standards.
• Descriptive Answer Sheet Evaluation: Dedicated support for evaluating descriptive answer sheets and providing suggestions for improvement.

BPSC Syllabus 2024, Check 70th Prelims and Mains Syllabus

BPSC 70th Syllabus 2024 has been discussed in this article. Download BPSC Syllabus 2024 PDF for Preliminary and Mains along with Exam Pattern for the preparation of BPSC Exam 2024

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The Bihar Public Service Commission sets the BPSC Prelims and Mains exam syllabus.  The Commission   conducted various posts like  Sub Divisional Officer, Rural Development Officer, District Liaison Officer, and other PCS level officers , one of the most prestigious state-level civil services examinations.

BPSC Syllabus 2024

The Bihar Public Service Commission will notify candidates via the official BPSC 70th Notification 2024 including the most recent BPSC Syllabus and Exam Pattern. Candidates must ensure they plan their preparations by downloading the BPSC Syllabus and Exam Pattern 2024. Candidates can read this article for the Combined Competitive BPSC Exam is administered by the BPSC in three stages, just like by the other State Service Commissions and the UPSC.

BPSC Exam Pattern 2024

Candidates must pass each stage in order to advance to the next one; for example, if they pass the preliminary exam, they can move on to the main exam, and if they pass it as well, they will be called for the BPSC Exam’s interview.

BPSC Prelims Syllabus 2024

The basic understanding of the General Knowledge of a candidate is examined in the BPSC Prelims exam. The BPSC Pre Syllabus lays the groundwork for the candidates that are required to clear the BPSC Mains Exam. There is only one paper in the Bihar Prelims exam i.e., the General Studies paper. According to the official BPSC Calendar 2024 the 69th BPSC Prelims 2024 will take place on 30th September 2024. The following is the BPSC Syllabus for Prelims General Studies (GS):

• Current Affairs of national and international importance.
• General Science: Questions on general science will cover a broad understanding and appreciation of science, as well as topics of everyday observation and experience, as may be expected of a well-educated person who has not specifically studied any scientific area.
• History: History of India and its salient feature, History of Bihar, Basic understanding of the topic’s social, economic, and political dimensions
• Geography: Geography of India, the Country’s physical, Rivers of India social, and economic geography, as well as the key characteristics of Indian agriculture and natural resources. Geography of Bihar, Geographical division of Bihar State and Major River systems in Bihar
• Indian Polity: General understanding of the Panchayati raj , community development, and planning in India and Bihar.
• Indian Economy: Major changes in Bihar’s economy in the post-independence period.
• Indian National Movement: Bihar’s participation in movements ( Revolt of 1857 , Partition of Bengal , Champaran Satyagraha , Non Cooperation Movement , Civil Disobedient Movement, Quit India Movement ). Candidates will be expected to respond to questions about the nature and characteristics of the 19th-century revival, the development of nationalism, and the achievement of independence in relation to the Indian National Movement . Candidates will also be asked about the role of Bihar in the Indian freedom movement.
• General Mental Ability Questions.

BPSC Mains Syllabus 2024

The main focus of the BPSC Mains Syllabus is on the candidates’ understanding of General Studies. The Mains exam will consist of four papers: General Hindi, General Studies Papers 1 and 2, and Optional Subject.

BPSC Mains Hindi Syllabus 

The BPSC Mains Syllabus for Hindi is a compulsory paper that is qualifying and descriptive in nature. The level set by the Bihar School Education Board (BSEB) will be the basis for the BPSC Mains Syllabus for Hindi papers. To prepare for this subject, you might study from any credible Hindi textbook. The topics covered in the Mains Syllabus are described below.

• निबंध (Essay)
• व्याकरण (Grammar): पर्यायवाची, अलंकार, विलोम, वर्तनी, तत्सम एवं तदभव, लिंग, कारक, आदि|
• वाक्य विन्यास (Syntax)
• संक्षेपण (Summarisation)

BPSC Mains Syllabus GS Paper 1

• Modern History of India and Indian Culture, which includes the broad history of the country (with special reference to Bihar) from about the middle of the 19th century.
• The introduction and growth of Western education will be covered in questions on Bihar’s Modern History (including technical education).
• Bihar’s role in the freedom struggle of India.
• Santhal Uprising ,
• Revolt of 1857 in Bihar,
• Birsa Movement,
• Champaran Satyagraha
• Quit India Movement 1942 .
• Knowledge of the chief features of Mauryan and Pal art.
• Patna Qulam Painting
• Basic knowledge of Mahatma Gandhi , Tagore and Nehru.
• Exercises in statistical analysis, graphs, and diagrams will assess the candidate’s capacity to infer reasonable inferences from data presented in statistical, graphical, or diagrammatic form and to identify any limitations, constraints, or contradictions.

BPSC Mains Syllabus GS Paper 2

Questions in the GS Paper 2 of the BPSC Syllabus will test your understanding of Indian politics, with a focus on Bihar.

• Indian Polity : Political system in India and also including the political system in Bihar
• Indian Economy : Planning in India,
• Geography of India : It mainly includes the economic, physical and social geography of India and also focused on Bihar especially.
• Science and Technology: The contribution and effects of science and technology to the development of India and Bihar. The candidate will be tested on their knowledge of how science and technology have impacted India and Bihar and the emphasis will be on applied aspects also.

BPSC Mains Optional Subjects

Out of the 34 subjects available for the BPSC mains exam, candidates may choose one to pass the optional papers. Here is the complete list of all the subjects given below in the table.

BPSC Syllabus for Essay Writing 

For the purpose of choosing applicants for various administrative positions throughout the state of Bihar, the Bihar Public Service Commission (BPSC) administers the main test. The mains exam’s essay writing section is a crucial component where applicants must show they can effectively and coherently articulate their writing. The essay writing carries 300 marks. The BPSC essay paper is divided into three parts.

• Each section is worth 100 points.
• There are 12 (twelve) essay questions in total, 3 (three) of which must be answered one from each section by the candidate.
• And the 700–800 word essay on any of the aforementioned topics.

BPSC 70th Syllabus 2024 PDF

The BPSC Syllabus is usually released in the form of a PDF document by the Commission on its official website. Candidates can download the BPSC Syllabus 2024 PDF and use it as a reference while preparing for the BPSC Exam 2024. The BPSC Syllabus PDF typically includes detailed information about the topics covered in each subject and the weightage assigned to each topic. It is important for candidates to thoroughly familiarize themselves with the BPSC syllabus and prepare accordingly to increase their chances of success in the exams.

BPSC Syllabus 2024 PDF in English

बीपीएससी सिलेबस हिंदी पीडीएफ

Step To Download BPSC Syllabus PDF From Official Website?

To download the  BPSC CCE Syllabus PDF , follow these steps:

• Step 1:  Go to the BPSC website: https://bpsc.bih.nic.in/
• Step 2:  Click on the “Syllabus” tab on the homepage.
• Step 3:  A list of exams and their respective syllabus PDFs will be displayed.
• Step 4:  Click on the syllabus PDF for the exam you are interested in.
• Step 5:  The PDF will open in your browser. You can then save or download the PDF as needed.

BPSC Interview Syllabus 2024

The Interview Round would be called for candidates who had passed the BPSC Mains Exam. A Board that the Commission has appointed conducts interviews with candidates. The key areas that the interviewer looked at are listed below. A board interviewing the candidate will have a record of the candidate’s career and interests that the candidate listed on the application form in front of them. The goal of the interview is for a panel of knowledgeable and objective observers to determine if the candidate is personally qualified for a career in the state services. In the personality test, candidates must be informed of events both inside and outside of their state in addition to their academic studies. The interview is more of a focused conversation intended for investigating the applicant’s mental capabilities and capacity for analysis.

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BPSC Syllabus 2024 FAQs

What is the syllabus for bpsc.

The syllabus for the BPSC Prelims Exam covers Current Affairs, General Science, Polity, Economy, History and the National Movement and General Mental Ability.

What are passing marks in BPSC?

The minimum qualifying marks in the BPSC Mains Exam are based on categories such as General Category – 40% BC – 36.5% and OBC – 34%.

Is UPSC and BPSC syllabus the same?

No, it is not exactly the same. General awareness and current affairs topics are the same but the nature of questions can be different for both exams and BPSC also includes state-specific questions.

Does BPSC have Math?

In the BPSC Prelims examination, mathematics is covered in between 10 and 12 questions, most of which are at the intermediate or matriculation level.

Is there negative marking in BPSC Prelims?

Yes there will be negative marking in the upcoming 69th BPSC exam 2024

Is BPSC syllabus vast?

The BPSC exam syllabus is vast, and the candidates must have a thorough understanding of the topics covered in the exam.

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How To Prepare For BPSC Mains - BPSC (Bihar) PDF Download

Introduction

The Bihar Public Service Commission (BPSC) conducts the BPSC Exam to recruit candidates for various administrative positions in the state of Bihar. The exam is divided into three stages: Prelims, Mains, and Interview. In this article, we will focus on how to prepare for the BPSC Mains examination. We will provide you with a step-by-step guide, study materials, and useful tips to help you succeed in this highly competitive exam.

Understanding the BPSC Mains Exam Pattern

Before diving into the preparation, it is essential to understand the exam pattern of the BPSC Mains. The Mains examination consists of five papers, out of which one is optional. Here is a breakdown of the exam pattern:

• Number of Papers: 5 (4 merit-based papers, 1 qualifying paper)
• Total Marks: 900
• Total Duration:  3 hours for each paper
• Exam Type:  Subjective
• Exam Mode:  Offline

It is crucial to note that the optional paper can be chosen from a list of subjects provided by the BPSC. Choose a subject that you are comfortable with and have a good understanding of.

Study Materials for BPSC Mains Preparation

To prepare effectively for the BPSC Mains examination, it is essential to have the right study materials. Here are some recommended books and resources that you can refer to:

General Studies:

• "General Knowledge 2021" by Manohar Pandey
• "Encyclopedia of General Science for General Competitions" by Arihant Publications
• "Lucent's GK"
• "BPSC AE Examination General Knowledge (With special reference to Bihar)" by Made Easy Publications

Optional Subjects:

• Refer to NCERT books for a strong foundation in your chosen subject.
• Additional reference books specific to your chosen optional subject can be used for an in-depth understanding.

Current Affairs:

• Read newspapers daily to stay updated with the latest national and international news. Newspapers like "The Hindu" are highly recommended.
• Monthly current affairs magazines like "Pratiyogita Darpan" can provide a comprehensive overview of important events.

It is important to note that the above-mentioned study materials are recommendations, and you can choose other resources based on your preference and understanding.

Tips for BPSC Mains Preparation

• Create a Study Schedule:  Divide your preparation time into sections for different subjects. Allocate sufficient time to each subject based on its weightage in the exam.
• Make Quality Notes:  While studying, make concise and comprehensive notes. These notes will be useful for quick revision before the exam.
• Practice Previous Year Question Papers: Solve previous year question papers to understand the exam pattern and identify important topics. It will also help you manage your time effectively during the exam.
• Join Test Series: Enroll in a test series specifically designed for the BPSC Mains exam. This will help you assess your preparation and identify areas that require improvement.
• Stay Updated with Current Affairs: As current affairs play a crucial role in the exam, make it a habit to read newspapers and magazines regularly. Focus on national and international news, especially topics related to Bihar.
• Revise Regularly:  Regular revision is key to retaining information. Set aside dedicated time for revision, especially for subjects that require memorization.
• Focus on Optional Subject:  Dedicate sufficient time to your chosen optional subject. Develop a deep understanding of the subject and practice answering questions related to it.
• Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle:  Along with studying, take care of your health and mental well-being. Get enough sleep, eat nutritious food, and engage in physical activities to stay focused and energized.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: Is NCERT enough to prepare for the BPSC Mains? Ans:  Yes, NCERT books provide a strong foundation for the general subjects. However, additional reference books specific to your optional subject are recommended for a comprehensive understanding.

Q2: Which subject is best for the BPSC Mains? Ans:  The best subject for the BPSC Mains depends on your interest and understanding. Choose a subject that you are comfortable with and have a good knowledge of.

Q3: Is the BPSC Mains exam tough? Ans:  The difficulty level of the BPSC Mains exam can vary from candidate to candidate. With proper preparation and dedication, it is possible to crack the exam.

Q4: How can I prepare for current affairs while preparing for the BPSC Mains? Ans:  Stay updated with current affairs by reading newspapers and monthly magazines. Make it a habit to note down important news and events for quick revision.

Q5: Where can I find quality study material for the BPSC Mains? Ans:  EduRev provides quality study material and resources for the BPSC Mains exam. Visit the EduRev website or app to access a wide range of study materials and practice questions.

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Master the Art of Essay Writing

Unlock Essay Mastery with Elite UPSC and BPSC Mains Essay Course by Pragyesh IAS . Elevate your scores and secure your success now!

Pragyesh IAS for Civil Services Success

Pragyesh IAS introduces a specialized Essay Course tailored for the Civil services Mains. Also, with the recent inclusion of the essay paper in the 68th BPSC Mains, it’s crucial for aspirants to be well-prepared. Our course focuses on:

Thematic Exploration

Delve into specific themes and proverbs to enhance your understanding.

Comprehensive Handouts

Receive curated handouts packed with essential information to craft a compelling essay.

Writing Skill Enhancement

Dedicated classes to hone your language, grammar, and flow, what Civil Services ask.

How Will This Course Empower You?

Focused topics.

Dive deep into the cultural, historical, and socio-economic nuances for BPSC & UPSC.

Enhance Essay Writing Skills

Develop a clear, coherent, and persuasive writing style tailored to the UPSC & BPSC Mains.

Continuous Evaluation

Engage in interactive sessions to address challenges and refine your approach, ensuring consistent progress.

Regular Assesment

Benefit from regular assessments that gauge your understanding and writing prowess.

Transform Your BPSC Mains Journey

Watch this video to get exact idea of how to write perfect essay for upcoming BPSC Mains Examination 2023

Course Components

Eight tests based on previously chosen BPSC themes.

Discussion Videos

Deeper Insights into Essay Writing via video.

Comprehensive feedback based on set parameters.

Mentor Support

Regular interactions to address challenges and improve skills.

Essay Writing Meaningful Analysis

Unlock the Secrets of BPSC Success! Dive into Pragyesh Prasun’s masterful guide on ‘BPSC Essay Meaningful Analysis’ and elevate your writing prowess to ace the Bihar Public Service Commission exams. Decode, understand, and conquer with Prasun’s insights!

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UPSC & BPSC Pattern

We have adapted to the new BPSC Mains pattern, format and regional nuances.

Online Classes

All essay writing sessions are conducted online for your convenience.

Detailed Report

We provide detailed analysis after successful evaluation. Our course ensures you navigate these challenges effectively

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BPSC Exam Preparation Online: Enroll For BPSC Online Coaching

Hello Dear Learners, hope you are working hard to achieve your desirable goal of getting selected for the Bihar Civil Services Exam. Soon the BPSC CCE Notification for the 70th BPSC CCE will be issued. Today we have exciting news for you all. 

Utkarsh Classes has Launched its BPSC CCE Course for the 70th BPSC Exam Preparation. Those who want to appear in the BPSC CCE in the upcoming year should check the details of the Bihar CCE Online Course launched by the Utkarsh Classes through this article. 

BPSC Civil Services Exam 

BPSC stands for Bihar Public Service Commission. BPSC was established to recruit qualified candidates for various Civil Service positions in Bihar. BPSC holds various examinations each year to recruit qualified personnel for various government departments The BPSC recruitment exam is used to fill all Group A, B, and C positions in the Bihar government, such as SDM, Dy.SP, BDO, Revenue Officer, Food and Supply Inspector, and many others.

BPSC CCE Coaching Online

In search of the Best Affordable Online Bihar CCE Coaching Classes in India? 

Here you go… Utkarsh Classes will commence their CCE Online Classes in June 2024, broadcast live from our studio. If you're concerned about Bihar CCE Exam, Preparation you've come to the right place. Our experienced faculty will assist you in covering the entire BPSC CCE Syllabus. This batch is structured according to the CCE Exam Syllabus, ensuring comprehensive preparation. Let our guidance and expertise accompany your hard work toward success. Scroll down for more updates on the CCE Online Course.

BPSC CCE Exam Pattern

Before we start describing Utkarsh Classes’s BPSC CCE Online Course, we should take a moment to understand the examination pattern for both BPSC CCE Prelims & Mains:-

BPSC CCE Preliminary Examination Pattern

The BPSC 70th Preliminary Exam will be qualifying. It will consist of objective-type multiple-choice questions. The exam will cover a single subject, General Studies, with a total of 150 questions, each worth one mark, making up 150 marks in total. Negative markings will apply for incorrect answers. The duration of the BPSC CCE Pre is 2 hours. Check the table below for a detailed exam structure for the Prelims:-

BPSC CCE Main Examination Pattern

The BPSC CCE Main Exam Pattern varies depending on the post. Below is a brief overview of the exam pattern for the various main examinations for different posts. Refer to the table below for a detailed structure of the Mains exam:-

Child Development Project Officer Exam

Financial Administrative Officer and Equivalent Exam

Deputy Superintendent of Police (Technical)

*Optional Subject for BPSC CCE Mains

Candidates must choose one of the following optional subjects for the BPSC Mains in various exams:

Financial Administrative Officer and equivalent exam

BPSC Exam Preparation Online Courses Fees

Utkarsh Classes are going to live 4 more Batches along with the BPSC CCE Foundation Batch. We recognize the importance of your investment, time, and dedication. As we played a significant role in your CCE Preparation journey, we think it’s our responsibility to give you the best possible in the nominal charges. Below we are providing a CCE Online Batch Fee Structure of all 5 Batches for your reference:-

Details of the BPSC CCE Foundation Course

BPSC CCE Classes will start on 8 July 2024. If you are one of those who want to enroll in the CCE Online Course then you can check the below table for a concise description of our Online CCE Foundation Batch:-

70th BPSC Sankalp MCQs Batch Details 

Details of the 70th BPSC Sankalp MCQs Batch offered by Utkarsh Classes:

70th BPSC Prelims Test Series Details 

Details of the 70th BPSC Prelims Test Series offered by Utkarsh Classes:

Details of 70th BPSC Mains Answer Writing Batch

Details of the 70th BPSC Mains Answer Writing Batch offered by Utkarsh Classes: -

71th BPSC Adhikari Foundation Batch Details 

Details of the 71st BPSC Adhikari Foundation Batch (2 Years) offered by Utkarsh Classes:

Best BPSC CCE Online Course: Features

The BPSC CCE Online Course Classes serve as your pathway to success. Here's a detailed look at the features of our BPSC Online Course that you should carefully consider to understand the benefits:

• Live Classes: Join live classes broadcast from our studio for interactive learning. Expert teachers are available to answer your questions, fostering a classroom-like environment from the comfort of your home.
• Recorded Classes: Access recordings if you miss a class or face technical issues. Learn at your own pace without time constraints.
• DPPs & PDFs: Receive regular PDF notes and Short Notes for easy revision at home. Download and print these materials from the Utkarsh app, featuring insights from our experienced faculty.
• Printed Practice Question Booklet: Obtain a printed practice booklet at our offline centres to enhance your preparation and revise effectively for the CCE Exam.
• Offline Counselling Session & Guidance Seminar: Attend career and exam counseling sessions at any Utkarsh offline centre. Top performers share their strategies, and teachers guide you in developing an effective study plan to excel in exams.
• Library Access: Access Utkarsh's Offline Library based on your test performance. Book your slots for an optimal study environment.
• Offline CBTs: Top scorers in online tests can experience real exam conditions with Computer-Based Tests at our offline centres. Book your slot to simulate exam scenarios effectively.

Additional Features of BPSC CCE Online Classes

• Download Videos: Videos can be downloaded via the app within 24-48 hours after the class ends, allowing offline viewing at any time.
• Night Mode Reading Facility: This app feature ensures comfortable nighttime study without eye strain.
• Change in Font Size: Students can adjust e-note font sizes to match their reading preferences.
• Audio Facility: Stay connected to studies with audio playback, ideal for busy schedules and data-saving.
• Facility to Watch Unlimited Videos: Enjoy unlimited access to Bihar CCE Course videos for repeated viewing.
• Quality & Speed Change in Videos: Adjust video quality and playback speed (-0.25x to 3x) to suit individual needs.

How to Buy CCE Batch 2024

After discussing all the details about the Batch, including pricing, features, duration, class hours, and course validity, here's a step-by-step guide to purchasing the BPSC CCE Course Batch:

• Visit the Utkarsh Classes website.
• Navigate to the homepage and click on the "Courses" tab.
• You will be redirected to a new page with a search bar. Type "BPSC CCE" into the search bar.
• Once the search results appear, you'll see a page displaying all available BPSC CCE Courses.
• Select the Batch you wish to purchase and proceed to log in with your credentials. If you have not registered yet, please complete the registration process first.
• After logging in, proceed to pay the required fees to purchase the Batch. Make sure to take a screenshot of the final confirmation.
• Upon successful payment, the Batch will be accessible in the "My Library" section of the website within 12 hours.
• If you encounter any issues, contact customer service for assistance.

BPSC CCE Preparation Strategy

BPSC CCE Exam Preparation can be easy or difficult depending on your approach. If you want Bihar CCE Preparation Tips for the upcoming 70th BPSC CCE then you can check the below-provided tactics which will help you in the preparation of Bihar CCE:-

• Understand the BPSC CCE Exam Pattern & Syllabus
• Make Bihar CCE Concise Notes
• Work on Basic Fundamentals
• Solve BPSC CCE PYQ 
• Practice Bihar CCE Mock Test 
• Focus on Bihar CCE Current Affairs

BPSC Previous Year Question Papers

BPSC CCE PYQ is the best tool that candidates can use to excel in their preparation from the basic to the advanced level. Solving Bihar Previous Year Question Papers will make you familiar with the exam pattern and the difficulty level of questions. If you are one of those who want to appear in the Bihar Combined Competitive Exam then we are providing a direct link to the BPSC CCE PYQ with Solutions for your reference:-

BPSC CCE PYQ Link

Which is the Best Affordable Online Bihar CCE Coaching Classes in India?

What is bpsc cce, when will the 70th bpsc cce notification be issued, what do utkarsh classes offer in their bpsc cce online course, how can i enroll in the bpsc cce online course.

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Essay Writing for Civil Services Examination

• 13 Aug 2018
• 20 min read

Understanding Essay Writing

An essay is a short piece of writing that sheds light on any given topic. M.H. Abrams, the American literary critic, notes that the essay is “Any short composition in prose that undertakes to discuss a matter, express a point of view, or persuade us to accept a thesis on any subject.”

Broadly speaking, there are two types of essays - formal and informal. In the UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE), we are concerned with the formal essay. The formal essay is relatively impersonal, the author writes it as an authority and such essays tend to be less emotional. Formal essays can also have factual elements in it, like quoted statistics from a government report etc. It is never in the form of a conversation, never uses first-person references and seldom gets intimate with the audience. In short, a formal essay has a certain degree of seriousness attached to it.

Essay writing for CSE

• For the CSE essay paper, two essays have to be written under 3 hours in the 1000-1200 word limit. Each essay carries 125 marks for a total of 250.
• The essay paper is divided into two sections - A and B, each carrying a choice of 4 essays each, and the aspirant has to choose only one essay from each section.
• The instructions in the syllabus are clear in what is being expected from the aspirant. Aspirants are ‘expected to keep their thoughts closely to the subject and arrange their ideas accordingly.It furthur tates that, credit will be given for effective and coherent expression’.
• The underlined keywords are important because after content, these are the exact parameters on which the essay will be evaluated. 

Beginning Essay Writing

Practice makes perfect. For scoring good marks in the essay, one needs practice. But, before we get to the practising part, we should do some basic homework first. We would start by looking at what a well structured essay is, how it can be planned, what elements can be added to make the essay more scoring, and most importantly, how to do it all within the prescribed time limit.

Basic structure of an essay

The most common method of structuring a essay is breaking it up into paragraphs. In this technique, besides the introduction and the conclusion, there will be body-paragraphs. In these body-paragraphs, the aspirant will have to fit in all his content.

• Body-paragraphs can broadly be supportive, critical or narrative. Ideally, one can start any argument in an aptly phrased narrative paragraph which describe the topic in some detail and then move on to a supportive paragraph containing a few positive facts/ideas on the topic. Though critical paragraphs look best when they are placed last, there are no such rules, and for some topics it can be used as the opening paragraph for the topic.
• The most important part of the essay is perhaps the introduction. First impressions are very important, and a well thought out introduction will definitely make a positive impression on the examiner. We will discuss how to write a proper introduction later in this strategy.
• Similarly, the conclusion is where one can score additional marks if done properly. This will also be discussed later.

Keywords of the essay syllabus

• 'closely': Any deviation from the topic will be tolerated only up to a certain point. One must, therefore, as a rule stick as closely as possible to the topic at hand. Any example, quote, anecdote or reference must be on topic or related closely to it.
• 'arrange': The essay must be in an arranged form. The aspirant is supposed to plan ahead and form a structure of the essay before actually writing it down.
• 'orderly': The ideas or arguments put forward in the essay must follow an order. A haphazard essay that does not flow sequentially, must be avoided at all costs.
• 'concise': The essay and the matter discussed therein must be expressed as precisely possible. Clarity of thought and brevity of expression is what is looked for in the CSE essay.
• 'effective': The essay must be written in a language that makes a strong impression. Thus, one needs to be conveying a point with every sentence, every paragraph. Flowery language is best avoided.
• 'coherent': Coherence is required of all forms of writing, including answer writing, but in the CSE essay one must be extra careful to check that all individual sentences in the essay are making sense. Also, paragraphs as a whole must convey a clear and well thought out exposition on the theme of the essay.

Planning to write an essay

A good essay needs planning. There are three steps to it - defining or understanding what the essay is going to be about in very clear terms, brainstroming on the topic and thirdly, devising the outline of the essay.

Central idea of the thesis statement

• All CSE essays have a thesis statement. For example, in CSE 2016, the following essay was asked— ‘Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare’ . Here the central idea is ‘innovation’. The aspirant is supposed to explore those dimensions of innovation that affect ‘economic growth and social welfare’. In doing so, the aspirant should not veer from the central topic of innovation but if possible add a few related ideas which may supplement the overall central idea that not only socio-economic but also other areas like technology and culture are affected by forces of innovation.
• In another essay asked in CSE— ‘Water disputes between States in federal India’ – the central idea is how the water disputes between various Indian states have played out and what are its various dimensions. Constitutional, legal, social and political dimensions, for ex, are a must for addressing this topic. In order to find out the various dimensions of any given topic we should perform a brainstorming exercise.

Brainstorming for essay writing

• Brainstorming for essay is a crucial step. Brainstorming helps you get all the ideas at one place for quick reference. There are no hard and fast rules, but typically one can begin with the given topic and immediately start listing the things that come to mind. One can ideally devote an entire page for this exercise.

Brainstorming guide

• The first requirement for brainstorming is focus. One should be able to focus single-mindedly on the job at hand, which in this case is jotting down as many points as possible regarding the essay topic.
• Boundaries must also be properly defined. If the topic does not absolutely require a particularly complex point or if it does not require following a difficult train of thought, it should be avoided. Keeping the essay as simple as possible without sacrificing the most valid points is what we should be looking for.
• Then we must set a time limit for the brainstorming session. Ideally, for CSE that time limit works out to about 25 minutes per essay. Within that time limit one is supposed to come up with all the necessary points and plans for writing the essay.
• Another important point to be made here is that aspirants should have a fair understanding regarding  the expectations of the CSE examiner from the essay. Every topic will have some basic ideas that the aspirants must necessarily try to explore or address. During brainstorming such a requirement can be searched for.
• In the brainstorming exercise one may also take help of diagrams, flow-charts, mind-maps etc., if needed. Sometimes doing this may clear things up to a great extent or even save precious time.
• Three things that one must exclusively do while brainstorming are — identify causes and factors, define the various issues and make a list of associated ideas. Doing this is key to success in the entire brainstorming exercise.

Adding elements to the essay

• Any good essay will definitely have a multitude of elements and dimensions to it. For CSE essay writing, there are certain basic rules that one can follow while searching for these elements and dimensions.
• The first of such rules would be to follow and uphold Constitutional values at all times . This is very crucial for essay writing in CSE, that the values enshrined in our Constitution reflect in whatever idea, problem or solution we discuss in the essay. At no point should one try and support an idea that is unconstitutional.
• One must also be democratic while addressing issues . The concepts of ‘freedom and equality’ should be the guiding principles while suggesting solutions and while criticising events or issues.
• Generally, one must also avoid taking absolutist/non-compromising positions . In fact, the best way to handle complex problems is to find the middle ground.
• One must also try not to make sweeping generalisations on any given issue. Instead, there should be hints of patience, justice and understanding in addressing or discussing any given topic.
• Lastly, there are two more things that an aspirant need to keep in mind while attempting the CSE essay. (A) Do not question the topic itself, which is to say, in other words, do not contradict yourself. Pick a position (ideally, the middle path) and stay true to it throughout the essay. (B) Never use positively, things that are universally considered or used in a negative sense, and vice-versa. For ex, one must not say that ‘terrorism’ under certain conditions is equivalent to a freedom struggle, even though quotes like ‘one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter’ are quite common.

Elements in an essay

• The three basic elements — social, political and economic — form the bedrock of a good CSE essay.
• To these, one may add other dimensions like Constitutional, legal, technological, technical etc. 
• Another important element is the persona Good personal experiences or anecdotes can no doubt be used to increase the effectiveness of the essay but these should stay within the accepted framework of ethical conduct.

PESTLE Analysis

• Political – Economic – Sociological – Technological – Legal – Environmental Analysis.
• Use PESTLE Analysis to figure out the various aspects, dimensions, factors etc of any given topic.

Outlining the essay

• Before writing the essay, it is best to outline it. To outline an essay means to figure out what to say in the introduction/conclusion, which idea comes where, or even what quote to use for the essay etc.
• Outlining the essay in rough helps us grasp the entirety of the essay before actually writing it. It helps us get the big picture, and also see what we could be missing.
• It is said that once we can figure out the conclusion to our essay, it becomes much easier to not only begin but finish it with confidence.

Writing An Essay 

Sticking to the time limit

In the CSE, one has to write two essays in 3 hours which translates into 1 hour 30 minutes for each essay. Out of this, around 45 minutes to 1 hour will be required to write one essay. One can add another 10 minutes for the revision of one essay. This leaves us with roughly 30 minutes of time to prepare the essay in rough, and it includes time for carrying out the brainstorming and outlining exercises.

How to introduce the essay

• The goal of the introduction should be to arouse the reader’s interest in the topic and to prepare the reader for what is to follow.
• A good introduction to the essay can be a brief explanation of the essay topic itself. It can be made further interesting by adding to it some personal experience, or some relevant anecdotes or quotes
• The introduction should not be confusing or lacking in clarity, rather it should be able to immediately clear up any doubts regarding the topic if there is any.

Writing in paragraphs

• In a stand-alone paragraph, the concluding sentence announces that the paragraph is finished, complete. In an essay, the concluding sentence of a paragraph is more likely to play the role of a transitional device, joining one paragraph to the next.
• Flow is very important in an essay. It is also connected to writing order. Writing orders are of two types
• Known-to-New is the order of writing where the author by choice goes from known (given) concepts to unknown ones. New material is gradually added to build on the unknown.
• Simple-to-Complex is the order of writing where the author first establishes a base of concepts that are easily understood and then develops over it increasingly complex ideas.
• One can use the FREQOES method to add matter to the various paragraphs.

How to conclude the essay

• The essay can be concluded in the following ways - restating the main points in brief and with different wordings (summarizing), suggesting a way forward or a course of action, or adding an interesting personal comment or any relevant anecdote.
• Another way to conclude the essay is by returning to the discussion begun in the introduction. This is called the ‘cyclic return’ and a lot of essays follow this simple method of concluding an essay.
• The conclusion should bear a positive outlook, it should see the silver lining in the clouds. It should also be as clear and concise as possible.

Revising the essay

• To revise, read the essay in its entirety, underlining (preferably with scale and pencil) important words or phrases. Correct spelling or grammatical mistakes if any. Make sure the pages look clean and tidy.
• One may add or omit a few words but it should not be overdone. It is also not advisable that entirely new ideas/sentences are inserted in the essay at the time of revision, unless such information is critical to the essay.

Some tips on essay writing

• One can go through the CSE previous year’s essays and understand the concepts, dimensions and solutions required to solve those. Having a simple understanding of complex social problems is the secret to writing a good essay for the CSE.
• One can also keep handy a small collection of quotes or quotable phrases and citable anecdotes to be used while writing the essay. This keeps one prepared for writing any type of essay.

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BPSC Head Teacher Syllabus 2024 and Exam Pattern: PDF Download

Bpsc head teacher syllabus 2024: the bpsc head teacher exam syllabus is divided into two subjects, i.e., general studies and questions related to d.ei.ed. check here for the latest exam pattern and download the syllabus pdf.

BPSC Head Teacher Syllabus 2024: The Bihar Public Service Commission (BPSC) has released the BPSC Head Teacher syllabus and pattern on the official portal. Candidates must stay updated with the latest syllabus and devise a preparation plan accordingly. The BPSC Head Teacher exam syllabus is divided into two subjects, i.e., general studies and questions related to D.EI.Ed.

Apart from the official syllabus, candidates must be well-acquainted with the BPSC Head Teacher exam pattern to understand the exam structure and the marking scheme defined by the officials. So, candidates must keep the syllabus handy before commencing the exam preparation.

BPSC Head Teacher Syllabus 2024 Overview

BPSC Head Teacher Syllabus 2024 PDF

BPSC Head Teacher Syllabus 2024 Important Topics

Bpsc head teacher syllabus 2024 for general studies.

• General Science
• Current events of national and international importance
• History of India and salient features of the history of Bihar
• Indian National Movement and the role played by Bihar.
• Indian Polity
• Indian Economy
• Elementary Mathematics and Mental ability test

BPSC Head Teacher Syllabus 2024 for D.EI.Ed.

Here is the detailed BPSC Head Teacher syllabus 2024 for D.EI.Ed related questions shared below for the reference of the aspirants.

• Children and their childhood: cultural and historical understanding
• Context of Child rights
• Education: General Concept, Objectives and Nature of school education
• Understanding the role and effects of various factors in the process of socialisation in school
• Various bases/approaches to understanding education are Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, Literature of Education, History of Education, etc.
• Concept of Knowledge: Philosophical Perspectives
• Mahatma Gandhi-Hind Swaraj: Underlining the relationship between social philosophy and education
• Gijubhai Badheka: outlining the idea of experimentation in daydreaming education
• Dr. Zakir Hussain - Educational Articles: Underlining the Importance of Child-Centred Education
• J. Krishnamurthy - What is education, Outlining the role of dialogue in teaching-learning
• Rabindranath Tagore: underlining the role of freedom and autonomy in learning education
• From the book Maria Montessori-The Receptive Mind, a chapter titled 'Sequences of Development: Outlining the Special Practices in Children's Learning'
• Statement given to Jyotiba Phule-Hunter Commission (1882) Educational, Social and Cultural Highlighting Inequality 
• John Dewey–Education is a necessity of life from education and democracy Article titled: Education and underlining the interaction of society
• Curriculum and Curriculum: Concepts and Miscellaneous Basis.
• The Role of Work and Education in the Curriculum The Problem of Action-Centred 
• Child Development Concept Factors Affecting Various Dimensions of Development 
• Pedagogy Psychosocial Factors Affecting Childhood
• Meaning of play Concept, characteristic, importance in the context of children's development 
• Various dimensions of personality development Special reference to Ericsson's theory
• Understanding of Growth and Development Interrelationship Methods of Study
• Understanding of children's physical and cognitive development 
• Creativity concept of special importance in the context of children
• Aspects of Emotional Development in Children John Balby's Theory and Other Ideas 
• Moral Development and Children's Concept of Right and Wrong, Jean Piaget and Kohlberg's Theory
• Need and objective of ECCE
• Understanding of a balanced and contextualised ECCE curriculum
• Creating a developmental, child-centred, and inclusive environment in the classroom 
• Different dimensions of development and learning in the early years
• Children with special needs (disabled) and early childhood care and education
• Short and long term objectives and planning of the ECCE curriculum
• Challenges and innovations of early childhood education in the state
• Physical Education Concept and Importance
• Current Status of Early Childhood Care and Education in Bihar
• Expectations of institutions (academic and social) in the preparation of schools in the state
• Critical understanding of the organisational aspects of school culture, concept structure and components.
• Change in a school environment and classroom teaching through art integrated education
• The nature of classroom teaching is traditional, child-centered, democratic, creative, etc.
• Co-curricular and co-scholastic activities Importance, planning, and implementation (activities, arts, sports, etc.) 
• Changes in the school system under the Right to Education
• School organisation and management in line with inclusive education?
• Teacher Professional Development Concept Requirement, Policy Discussion, and Border 
• System of assessment and evaluation in the school Continuous and comprehensive assessment, progress sheet
• School Leadership System and Teacher Administrative, Collective Pedagogical Transformational
• Nearby District Level Institutions Cluster Resource Center (CRC). Block Resource Center (BRC), District Institute of Education and Training (DIET), College of Elementary Teacher Education (PTEC)
• National Level Institutions National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). National Institute of Educational
• State Level Institutions State Council of Education Research and Training (SCERT). Bihar Education Project Council (BEPC). Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB), Bihar Sanskrit Education Board (BSSB). Bihar State Madrasa Education Board (BSMEB). Bihar Board of Open Schooling and Examination (BBOSE)
• Planning and Administration (NIEPA). National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE).
• Different forms of inclusion and exclusion in Indian society (marginalised society, gender, children with special needs – handicapped)
• Understanding of Diversity and Inequality in Classrooms Curricular and Pedagogical Context
• Education concept for equity, equality and social justice Needs and constraints 
• Gender discrimination prevalent in the education system and school curriculum, textbooks, classroom procedures
• With special reference to student-teacher interaction Role of education in gender sensitivity and equality
• Nature and process of assessment for inclusive education 
• Reference to children with special needs in inclusive education Historical development, current status, Challenges, the context of Bihar
• Contemporary discourse on the identity of teachers, Concept of an ideal teacher
• National Curriculum Framework - 2005 and Bihar Curriculum Framework 2008 with special reference to Science, Environment, Mathematics, Language and Social Science Pedagogy
• Integration of ICT with learning planning and other school work
• Importance and use of audio-video, multimedia tools in teaching-learning

BPSC Head Teacher Exam Pattern 2024

• The written exam consists of objective-type questions.
• The exam duration will be 2 hours.
• As per the marking scheme, 1 mark will be awarded for each correct answer and there is provision of negative marking 

How to Cover BPSC Head Teacher Syllabus 2024?

• Check the BPSC Head Teacher exam syllabus 2024 to understand the topics important from the exam point of view. 
• Choose the expert-recommended books and study material to gain conceptual knowledge of the basic topics and advanced chapters.
• Practice mock tests and BPSC Head Teacher previous year's question papers to understand the strong and weak areas and focus on improving the mistakes.
• Revise important topics regularly to remember concepts for a longer period.

Best Books to Prepare BPSC Head Teacher Syllabus 2024

• Lucent’s General Knowledge
• Bihar General Knowledge for BPSC & Other Competitive Exams Paperback by Manish Rannjan

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• What is the BPSC Head Teacher syllabus 2024? + The BPSC Head Teacher exam syllabus is divided into two subjects, i.e. general studies and questions related to D.EI.Ed.
• What is the BPSC Head Teacher written exam pattern? + As per the BPSC Head Teacher exam pattern, the written exam consists of 150 questions for 150 marks. The exam duration will be 2 hours.
• How do you prepare for the BPSC Head Teacher Syllabus 2024? + To perform well in the BPSC Head Teacher exam, aspirants should be well-acquainted with the BPSC Head Teacher syllabus and attempt mock tests and PYQs from an authentic platform.
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More From Forbes

How not to write your college essay.

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If you are looking for the “secret formula” for writing a “winning” college essay, you have come to the wrong place. The reality is there is no silver bullet or strategy to write your way to an acceptance. There is not one topic or approach that will guarantee a favorable outcome.

At the end of the day, every admission office just wants to know more about you, what you value, and what excites you. They want to hear about your experiences through your own words and in your own voice. As you set out to write your essay, you will no doubt get input (both sought-after and unsolicited) on what to write. But how about what NOT Notcoin to write? There are avoidable blunders that applicants frequently make in drafting their essays. I asked college admission leaders, who have read thousands of submissions, to share their thoughts.

Don’t Go In There

There is wide consensus on this first one, so before you call on your Jedi mind tricks or predictive analytics, listen to the voices of a diverse range of admission deans. Peter Hagan, executive director of admissions at Syracuse University, sums it up best, saying, “I would recommend that students try not to get inside of our heads. He adds, “Too often the focus is on what they think we want.”

Andy Strickler, dean of admission and financial aid at Connecticut College agrees, warning, “Do NOT get caught in the trap of trying to figure out what is going to impress the admission committee. You have NO idea who is going to read your essay and what is going to connect with them. So, don't try to guess that.” Victoria Romero, vice president for enrollment, at Scripps College adds, “Do not write about something you don’t care about.” She says, “I think students try to figure out what an admission officer wants to read, and the reality is the reader begins every next essay with no expectations about the content THEY want to read.” Chrystal Russell, dean of admission at Hampden-Sydney College, agrees, saying, “If you're not interested in writing it, we will not be interested when reading it.” Jay Jacobs, vice provost for enrollment management at the University of Vermont elaborates, advising. “Don’t try to make yourself sound any different than you are.” He says, “The number one goal for admission officers is to better understand the applicant, what they like to do, what they want to do, where they spend the majority of their time, and what makes them tick. If a student stays genuine to that, it will shine through and make an engaging and successful essay.”

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Don’t Be Artificial

The headlines about college admission are dominated by stories about artificial intelligence and the college essay. Let’s set some ground rules–to allow ChatGPT or some other tool to do your work is not only unethical, it is also unintelligent. The only worse mistake you could make is to let another human write your essay for you. Instead of preoccupying yourself with whether or not colleges are using AI detection software (most are not), spend your time focused on how best to express yourself authentically. Rick Clark is the executive director of strategic student success at Georgia Institute of Technology, one of the first institutions to clearly outline their AI policy for applicants. He says, “Much of a college application is devoted to lines, boxes, and numbers. Essays and supplements are the one place to establish connection, personality, and distinction. AI, in its current state, is terrible at all three.” He adds, “My hope is that students will use ChatGPT or other tools for brainstorming and to get started, but then move quickly into crafting an essay that will provide insight and value.”

Don’t Overdo It

Michael Stefanowicz, vice president for enrollment management at Landmark College says, “You can only cover so much detail about yourself in an admission essay, and a lot of students feel pressure to tell their life story or choose their most defining experience to date as an essay topic. Admission professionals know that you’re sharing just one part of your lived experience in the essay.” He adds, “Some of the favorite essays I’ve read have been episodic, reflecting on the way you’ve found meaning in a seemingly ordinary experience, advice you’ve lived out, a mistake you’ve learned from, or a special tradition in your life.” Gary Ross, vice president for admission and financial aid at Colgate University adds, “More than a few applicants each year craft essays that talk about the frustration and struggles they have experienced in identifying a topic for their college application essay. Presenting your college application essay as a smorgasbord of topics that ultimately landed on the cutting room floor does not give us much insight into an applicant.”

Don’t Believe In Magic

Jason Nevinger, senior director of admission at the University of Rochester warns, “Be skeptical of anyone or any company telling you, ‘This is the essay that got me into _____.’ There is no magic topic, approach, sentence structure, or prose that got any student into any institution ever.” Social media is littered with advertisements promising strategic essay help. Don’t waste your time, energy, or money trying to emulate a certain style, topic, or tone. Liz Cheron is chief executive officer for the Coalition for College and former assistant vice president of enrollment & dean of admissions at Northeastern University. She agrees with Nevinger, saying “Don't put pressure on yourself to find the perfect, slam dunk topic. The vast majority of college essays do exactly what they're supposed to do–they are well-written and tell the admission officer more about the student in that student's voice–and that can take many different forms.”

Don’t Over Recycle

Beatrice Atkinson-Myers, associate director of global recruitment at the University of California at Santa Cruz tells students, “Do not use the same response for each university; research and craft your essay to match the program at the university you are interested in studying. Don't waste time telling me things I can read elsewhere in your application. Use your essay to give the admissions officer insights into your motivations, interests, and thinking. Don't make your essay the kitchen sink, focus on one or two examples which demonstrate your depth and creativity.” Her UC colleague, Jim Rawlins, associate vice chancellor of enrollment management at the University of California at San Diego agrees, saying “Answer the question. Not doing so is the surest way we can tell you are simply giving us a snippet of something you actually wrote for a different purpose.”

Don’t Overedit

Emily Roper-Doten, vice president for undergraduate admissions and financial assistance at Clark University warns against “Too many editors!” She says, “Pick a couple of trusted folks to be your sounding board when considering topics and as readers once you have drafts. You don’t want too many voices in your essay to drown you out!” Scripps’ Romero agrees, suggesting, “Ask a good friend, someone you trust and knows you well, to read your essays.” She adds, “The goal is for the admission committee to get to know a little about you and who better to help you create that framework, than a good friend. This may not work for all students because of content but helps them understand it’s important to be themselves.” Whitney Soule, vice provost and dean of admissions at The University of Pennsylvania adds, “Avoid well-meaning editorial interference that might seem to polish your writing but actually takes your own personal ‘shine’ right out of the message.” She says, “As readers, we connect to applicants through their genuine tone and style. Considering editorial advice for flow and message is OK but hold on to the 'you' for what you want to say and how you want to say it.”

Don’t Get Showy

Palmer Muntz, senior regional admissions counselor at the University of Alaska Fairbanks cautions applicants, “Don’t be fancier than you are. You don’t need to put on airs.” He adds, “Yes, proofread your work for grammar and spelling, but be natural. Craft something you’d want to read yourself, which probably means keeping your paragraphs short, using familiar words, and writing in an active voice.” Connecticut College’s Strickler agrees, warning, “Don't try to be someone you are not. If you are not funny, don't try to write a funny essay. If you are not an intellectual, trying to write an intellectual essay is a bad idea.”

Anthony Jones, the vice president of enrollment management at Loyola University New Orleans offers a unique metaphor for thinking about the essay. He says, “In the new world of the hyper-fast college admission process, it's become easy to overlook the essential meaning of the college application. It's meant to reveal Y...O...U, the real you, not some phony digital avatar. Think of the essay as the essence of that voice but in analog. Like the completeness and authenticity captured in a vinyl record, the few lines you're given to explain your view should be a slow walk through unrestrained expression chock full of unapologetic nuances, crevices of emotion, and exactness about how you feel in the moment. Then, and only then, can you give the admissions officer an experience that makes them want to tune in and listen for more.”

Don’t Be A Downer

James Nondorf, vice president and dean of admissions and financial aid at The University of Chicago says, “Don’t be negative about other people, be appreciative of those who have supported you, and be excited about who you are and what you will bring to our campus!” He adds, “While admissions offices want smart students for our classrooms, we also want kind-hearted, caring, and joyous students who will add to our campus communities too.”

Don’t Pattern Match

Alan Ramirez is the dean of admission and financial aid at Sewanee, The University of the South. He explains, “A big concern I have is when students find themselves comparing their writing to other students or past applicants and transform their writing to be more like those individuals as a way to better their chances of offering a more-compelling essay.” He emphasizes that the result is that the “essay is no longer authentic nor the best representation of themselves and the whole point of the essay is lost. Their distinctive voice and viewpoint contribute to the range of voices in the incoming class, enhancing the diversity of perspectives we aim to achieve.” Ramirez simple tells students, “Be yourself, that’s what we want to see, plus there's no one else who can do it better than you!”

Don’t Feel Tied To A Topic

Jessica Ricker is the vice president for enrollment and dean of admissions and financial aid at Skidmore College. She says, “Sometimes students feel they must tell a story of grief or hardship, and then end up reliving that during the essay-writing process in ways that are emotionally detrimental. I encourage students to choose a topic they can reflect upon positively but recommend that if they choose a more challenging experience to write about, they avoid belaboring the details and instead focus on the outcome of that journey.” She adds, "They simply need to name it, frame its impact, and then help us as the reader understand how it has shaped their lens on life and their approach moving forward.”

Landmark College’s Stefanowicz adds, “A lot of students worry about how personal to get in sharing a part of their identity like your race or heritage (recalling last year’s Supreme Court case about race-conscious admissions), a learning difference or other disability, your religious values, LGBTQ identity…the list goes on.” He emphasizes, “This is always your choice, and your essay doesn’t have to be about a defining identity. But I encourage you to be fully yourself as you present yourself to colleges—because the college admission process is about finding a school where your whole self is welcome and you find a setting to flourish!”

Don’t Be Redundant

Hillen Grason Jr., dean of admission at Franklin & Marshall College, advises, “Don't repeat academic or co-curricular information that is easily identifiable within other parts of your application unless the topic is a core tenant of you as an individual.” He adds, “Use your essay, and other parts of your application, wisely. Your essay is the best way to convey who your authentic self is to the schools you apply. If you navigated a situation that led to a dip in your grades or co-curricular involvement, leverage the ‘additional information’ section of the application.

Thomas Marr is a regional manager of admissions for the Americas at The University of St Andrews in Scotland and points out that “Not all international schools use the main college essay as part of their assessment when reviewing student applications.” He says, “At the University of St Andrews, we focus on the supplemental essay and students should avoid the mistake of making the supplemental a repeat of their other essay. The supplemental (called the Personal Statement if using the UCAS application process) is to show the extent of their passion and enthusiasm for the subject/s to which they are applying and we expect about 75% of the content to cover this. They can use the remaining space to mention their interests outside of the classroom. Some students confuse passion for the school with passion for their subject; do not fall into that trap.”

A Few Final Don’ts

Don’t delay. Every college applicant I have ever worked with has wished they had started earlier. You can best avoid the pitfalls above if you give yourself the time and space to write a thoughtful essay and welcome feedback openly but cautiously. Don’t put too much pressure on yourself to be perfect . Do your best, share your voice, and stay true to who you are.

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What are the rules for tonight's presidential debate?

The CNN Presidential Debate between President Joe Biden and former President Donald Trump will mark some firsts in the history of presidential debates, including the rules for tonight’s event.

The candidates were given a pen, a pad of paper, and a water bottle, but prohibited from bringing props or prewritten notes. Following a history of presidential frontrunners talking over one another, CNN announced that candidates’ microphones would be muted  throughout the debate when it is not their turn to speak.

More: Presidential debate live updates: How to watch Trump, Biden's showdown on CNN

The candidates will also be unable to consult with their campaign teams during the event’s two commercial breaks, a departure from past formats overseen by the Commission on Presidential Debates. 

Biden’s campaign won a coin flip  against Trump’s, giving his aides a choice between selecting the president’s podium or the order of the debate’s closing statements. The president’s campaign opted for the podium on the right side of the stage, meaning Trump’s campaign got to choose the order of closing statements. His team opted to give Trump the final word.

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Guest Essay

Hillary Clinton: I’ve Debated Trump and Biden. Here’s What I’m Watching For.

By Hillary Rodham Clinton

Mrs. Clinton was the Democratic nominee for president in 2016.

Last week I had the time of my life at the Tony Awards introducing a song from “Suffs,” the Broadway musical I co-produced about the suffragists who won women the right to vote. I was thrilled when the show took home the awards for best original score and best book.

From “Suffs” to “Hamilton,” I love theater about politics. But not the other way around. Too often we approach pivotal moments like this week’s debate between President Biden and Donald Trump like drama critics. We’re picking a president, not the best actor.

I am the only person to have debated both men (Mr. Trump in 2016 and, in the 2008 Democratic presidential primary race, Mr. Biden). I know the excruciating pressure of walking onto that stage and that it is nearly impossible to focus on substance when Mr. Trump is involved. In our three debates in 2016, he unleashed a blizzard of interruptions, insults and lies that overwhelmed the moderators and did a disservice to the voters who tuned in to learn about our visions for the country — including a record 84 million viewers for our first debate.

It is a waste of time to try to refute Mr. Trump’s arguments like in a normal debate. It’s nearly impossible to identify what his arguments even are. He starts with nonsense and then digresses into blather. This has gotten only worse in the years since we debated. I was not surprised that after a recent meeting, several chief executives said that Mr. Trump, as one journalist described it, “could not keep a straight thought” and was “all over the map.” Yet expectations for him are so low that if he doesn’t literally light himself on fire on Thursday evening, some will say he was downright presidential.

Mr. Trump may rant and rave in part because he wants to avoid giving straight answers about his unpopular positions, like restrictions on abortion, giving tax breaks to billionaires and selling out our planet to big oil companies in return for campaign donations. He interrupts and bullies — he even stalked me around the stage at one point — because he wants to appear dominant and throw his opponent off balance.

These ploys will fall flat if Mr. Biden is as direct and forceful as he was when engaging Republican hecklers at the State of the Union address in March. The president also has facts and truth on his side. He led America’s comeback from a historic health and economic crisis, with more than 15 million jobs created so far, incomes for working families rising, inflation slowing and investments in clean energy and advanced manufacturing soaring. He’ll win if that story comes through.

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