Who were all executed at Northampton the 22. of July last. 1612.
Concerning this same affair there is an account in MS., "A briefe abstract of the arraignment of nine witches at Northampton, July 21, 1621" (Brit. Mus., Sloane, 972). This narrative has, in common with the printed narrative, the story of Mistress Belcher's and Master Avery's sufferings from witchcraft. It mentions also Agnes Brown and Joan Brown (or Vaughan) who, according to the other account, were hanged. All the other names are different. But it is nevertheless not hard to reconcile the two accounts. The "briefe abstract" deals with the testimony taken before the justices of the peace on two charges; the Witches of Northamptonshire with the final outcome at the assizes. Three of those finally hanged were not concerned in the first accusations and were brought in from outlying districts. On the other hand, most of those who were first accused by Belcher and Avery seem not to have been indicted.
The Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the countie of Lancaster. With the Arraignement and Triall of Nineteene notorious Witches, at the Assizes and generall Gaole deliverie, holden at the Castle of Lancaster, upon Munday, the seventeenth of August last, 1612. Before Sir James Altham, and Sir Edward Bromley.... Together with the Arraignement and Triall of Jennet Preston, at the Assizes holden at the Castle of Yorke, the seven and twentieth day of Julie last past.... Published and set forth by commandement of his Majesties Justices of Assize in the North Parts. By Thomas Potts, Esq. London, 1613. Reprinted by the Chetham Soc, J. Crossley, ed., 1845. Thomas Potts has given us in this book the fullest of all English witch accounts. No other narrative offers such an opportunity to examine the character of evidence as well as the court pro [358] cedure. Potts was very superstitious, but his account is in good faith.
Witches Apprehended, Examined and Executed, for notable villanies by them committed both by Land and Water. With a strange and most true trial how to know whether a woman be a Witch or not. London, 1613. Bodleian.
A Booke of the Wytches Lately condemned and executed at Bedford, 1612-1613. I have seen no copy of this pamphlet, the title of which is given by Edward Arber, Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers of London, 1554-1640 (London, 1875-1894), III, 234b.... The story is without doubt the same as that told in the preceding pamphlet. We have no absolutely contemporary reference to this case. Edward Fairfax, who wrote in 1622, had heard of the case—probably, however, from the pamphlet itself. But we can be quite certain that the narrative was based on an actual trial and conviction. Some of the incidental details given are such as no fabricator would insert.
In the MS., "How to discover a witch," Brit. Mus., Add. MSS., 36,674, f. 148, there is a reference to a detail of Mother Sutton's ordeal not given in the pamphlet I have used.
A Treatise of Witchcraft.... With a true Narration of the Witchcrafts which Mary Smith, wife of Henry Smith, Glover, did practise ... and lastly, of her death and execution ... By Alexander Roberts, B. D. and Preacher of Gods Word at Kings-Linne in Norffolke. London, 1616. The case of Mary Smith is taken up at p. 45. This account was dedicated to the "Maior" and aldermen, etc., of "Kings Linne" and was no doubt semi-official. It is reprinted in Howell, State Trials , II.
The Wonderful Discoverie of the Witchcrafts of Margaret and Phillip Flower, daughters of Joan Flower neere Bever Castle: executed at Lincolne, March 11, 1618. Who were specially arraigned and condemned before Sir Henry Hobart and Sir Edward Bromley, Judges of Assize, for confessing themselves actors in the destruction of Henry, Lord Rosse, with their damnable practises against others the Children of the Right Honourable Francis Earle of Rutland. Together with the severall Examinations and Confessions of Anne Baker, Joan Willimot, and Ellen Greene, Witches in Leicestershire , [359] London, 1619. For confirmation of the Rutlandshire witchcraft see Cal. St. P., Dom., 1619-1623 , 129; Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports, Rutland , IV, 514. See also Gentleman's Magazine , LXXIV, pt. ii, 909: "On the monument of Francis, sixth earl of Rutland, in Bottesford church, Leicestershire, it is recorded that by his second lady he had 'two Sons, both which died in their infancy by wicked practices and sorcery.'"
Another pamphlet seems to have been issued about the affair: Strange and wonderfull Witchcrafts, discovering the damnable Practises of seven Witches against the Lives of certain noble Personages and others of this Kingdom; with an approved Triall how to find out either Witch or any Apprentise to Witchcraft, 1621. Another edition in 1635; see Lowndes.
The Wonderfull discoverie of Elizabeth Sawyer ... late of Edmonton, her conviction, condemnation and Death.... Written by Henry Goodcole, Minister of the word of God, and her continuall Visiter in the Gaole of Newgate.... 1621. The Reverend Mr. Goodcole wrote a plain, unimaginative story, the main facts of which we cannot doubt. They are supported moreover by Dekker and Ford's play, The Witch of Edmonton , which appeared within a year. Goodcole refers to the "ballets" written about this case.
The Boy of Bilson: or A True Discovery of the Late Notorious Impostures of Certaine Romish Priests in their pretended Exorcisme, or expulsion of the Divell out of a young Boy, named William Perry.... London, 1622. Preface signed by Ryc. Baddeley. This is an account of a famous imposture. It is really a pamphlet against the Catholic exorcists. On pp. 45-54 is given a reprint of the Catholic account of the affair; on pp. 55-75 the exposure of the imposture is related. We can confirm this account by Arthur Wilson, Life and Reign of James I , 107-111, and by John Webster, Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft , 274.
A Discourse of Witchcraft As it was acted in the Family of Mr. Edward Fairfax of Fuystone in the County of York, in the year 1621. Edited by R. Monckton Milnes (the later Lord Houghton) for vol. V of Miscellanies of the Philobiblon Soc. (London, 1858-1859, 299 pages). The editor says the original MS. is still in existence. Edward Fairfax was a [360] natural brother of Sir Thomas Fairfax of Denton. He translated into English verse Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered , and accomplished other poetic feats. His account of his children's bewitchment and of their trances is very detailed. The book was again published at Harrogate in 1882, under the title of D�monologia: a Discourse on Witchcraft , with an introduction and notes by William Grainge.
A Most certain, strange and true Discovery of a Witch, Being overtaken by some of the Parliament Forces, as she was standing on a small Planck-board and sayling on it over the River of Newbury, Together with the strange and true manner of her death. 1643. The tale told here is a curious one. The soldiers saw a woman crossing the river on a plank, decided that she was a witch, and resolved to shoot her. "She caught their bullets in her hands and chew'd them." When the "veines that crosse the temples of the head" were scratched so as to bleed, she lost her power and was killed by a pistol shot just below the ear. It is not improbable that this distorted tale was based on an actual happening in the war. See Mercurius Civicus , September 21-28, 1643.
A Confirmation and Discovery of Witch-craft ... together with the Confessions of many of those executed since May 1645.... By John Stearne ... London, 1648.
The Examination, Confession, Triall, and Execution of Joane Williford, Joan Cariden and Jane Hott: who were executed at Feversham, in Kent ... all attested under the hand of Robert Greenstreet, Maior of Feversham. London, 1645. This pamphlet has no outside evidence to confirm its statements, but it has every appearance of being a true record of examinations.
A true and exact Relation of the severall Informations, Examinations, and Confessions of the late Witches arraigned and executed in the County of Essex. Who were arraigned and condemned at the late Sessions, holden at Chelmesford before the Right Honorable Robert, Earle of Warwicke, and severall of his Majesties Justices of Peace, the 29 of July 1645.... London, 1645. Reprinted London, 1837; also embodied [361] in Howell, State Trials . This is a very careful statement of the court examinations, drawn up by "H. F." In names and details it has points of coincidence with the True Relation about the Bury affair; see next paragraph below. It is supported, too, by Arthur Wilson's account of the affair; see Francis Peck, Desiderata Curiosa (ed. of London, 1779), II, 476.
A True Relation of the Araignment of eighteene Witches at St. Edmundsbury, 27th August 1645.... As also a List of the names of those that were executed. London, 1645. There is abundance of corroborative evidence for the details given in this pamphlet. It fits in with the account of the Essex witches; its details are amplified by Stearne, Confirmation of Witchcraft , Clarke, Lives of sundry Eminent Persons , John Walker, Suffering of the Clergy ... in the Grand Rebellion (London, 1714), and others. The narrative was written in the interim between the first and second trials at Bury.
Strange and fearfull newes from Plaisto in the parish of Westham neere Bow foure miles from London , London, 1645. Unimportant.
The Lawes against Witches and Conjuration, and Some brief Notes and Observations for the Discovery of Witches. Being very Usefull for these Times wherein the Devil reignes and prevailes.... Also The Confession of Mother Lakeland, who was arraigned and condemned for a Witch at Ipswich in Suffolke.... By authority. London, 1645. The writer of this pamphlet acknowledges his indebtedness to Potts, Discoverie of Witches in the countie of Lancaster (1613), and to Bernard, Guide to Grand Jurymen (1627). These books had been used by Stearne and doubtless by Hopkins. This pamphlet expresses Hopkins's ideas, it is written in Hopkins's style—so far as we know it—and it may have been the work of the witchfinder himself. That might explain, too, the "by authority" of the title.
Signes and Wonders from Heaven.... Likewise a new discovery of Witches in Stepney Parish. And how 20. Witches more were executed in Suffolk this last Assise. Also how the Divell came to Soffarn to a Farmers house in the habit of a Gentlewoman on horse backe. London, [1645]. Mentions the Chelmsford, Suffolk, and Norfolk trials. [362]
The Witches of Huntingdon, their Examinations and Confessions ... , London, 1646. This work is dedicated to the justices of the peace for the county of Huntingdon; the dedication is signed by John Davenport. Three of the witches whose accusations are here presented are mentioned by Stearne ( Confirmation of Witchcraft , 11, 13, 20-21, 42).
The Discovery of Witches: in answer to severall Queries, lately Delivered to the Judges of Assize for the County of Norfolk. And now published by Matthew Hopkins, Witchfinder. For the Benefit of the Whole Kingdome.... London, 1647. Hopkins's and Stearne's accounts fit into each other and are the two best sources for ch. VIII.
The [D]Ivell in Kent, or His strange Delusions at Sandwitch , London, 1647. Has nothing to do with witches; shows the spirit of the times.
A strange and true Relation of a Young Woman possest with the Devill. By name Joyce Dovey dwelling at Bewdley neer Worcester ... as it was certified in a Letter from Mr. James Dalton unto Mr. Tho. Groome, Ironmonger over against Sepulchres Church in London.... Also a Letter from Cambridge, wherein is related the late conference between the Devil (in the shape of a Mr. of Arts) and one Ashbourner, a Scholler of S. Johns Colledge ... who was afterwards carried away by him and never heard of since onely his Gown found in the River , London, 1647. In the first narrative a woman after hearing a sermon fell into fits. The second narrative was probably based upon a combination of facts and rumor.
The Full Tryals, Examination and Condemnation of Four Notorious Witches, At the Assizes held in Worcester on Tuseday the 4th of March ... As also Their Confessions and last Dying Speeches at the place of Execution, with other Amazing Particulars ... , London, printed by "I. W.," no date. Another edition of this pamphlet (in the Bodleian) bears the date 1700 and was printed for "J. M." in Fleet street. This is a most interesting example of a made-to-order witch pamphlet. The preface makes one suspect its character: "the following narrative coming to my hand." The accused were Rebecca West, Margaret Landis, Susan Cook, and Rose Hal [363] lybread. Now, all these women were tried at Chelmsford in 1645, and their examinations and confessions printed in A true and exact Relation . The wording has been changed a little, several things have been added, but the facts are similar; see A true and exact Relation ,10, 11, 13-15, 27. When the author of the Worcester pamphlet came to narrate the execution he wandered away from his text and invented some new particulars. The women were "burnt at the stak." They made a "yelling and howling." Two of them were very "stubborn and refractory." Cf. below, � 10.
The Devill seen at St. Albans, Being a true Relation How the Devill was seen there in a Cellar, in the likenesse of a Ram; and how a Butcher came and cut his throat, and sold some of it, and dressed the rest for himselfe, inviting many to supper ..., 1648. A clever lampoon.
The Divels Delusions or A faithfull relation of John Palmer and Elizabeth Knott two notorious Witches lately condemned at the Sessions of Oyer and Terminer in St. Albans ... , 1649. The narrative purports to be taken from a letter sent from St. Alban's. It deals with the practices of two good witches who were finally discovered to be black witches. The tale has no outside confirmation.
Wonderfull News from the North, Or a True Relation of the Sad and Grievous Torments Inflicted upon the Bodies of three Children of Mr. George Muschamp, late of the County of Northumberland, by Witchcraft, ... As also the prosecution of the sayd Witches, as by Oaths, and their own Confessions will appear and by the Indictment found by the Jury against one of them, at the Sessions of the Peace held at Alnwick, the 24 day of April 1650 , London, 1650. Preface signed: "Thine, Mary Moore." This pamphlet bears all through the marks of a true narrative. It is written evidently by a friend of the Mistress Muschamp who had such difficulty in persuading the north country justices, judges, and sheriffs to act. The names and the circumstances fit in with other known facts.
The strange Witch at Greenwich haunting a Wench , 1650. Unimportant.
A Strange Witch at Greenwich , 1650. [364]
The last two pamphlets are mentioned by Lowndes. The second pamphlet I have not seen; as, however, Lowndes cites the title of the first incorrectly, it is very possible that he has given two titles for the same pamphlet.
The Witch of Wapping, or an Exact and Perfect Relation of the Life and Devilish Practises of Joan Peterson, who dwelt in Spruce Island, near Wapping; Who was condemned for practising Witchcraft, and sentenced to be Hanged at Tyburn, on Munday the 11th of April 1652 , London, 1652.
A Declaration in Answer to several lying Pamphlets concerning the Witch of Wapping, ... shewing the Bloudy Plot and wicked Conspiracy of one Abraham Vandenhemde, Thomas Crompton, Thomas Collet, and others , London, 1652. This pamphlet is described above, pp. 214-215.
The Tryall and Examinations of Mrs. Joan Peterson before the Honourable Bench at the Sessions house in the Old Bayley yesterday. [1652]. This states the case against Mistress Joan in the title, but (unless the British Museum copy is imperfect) gives no details.
Doctor Lamb's Darling, or Strange and terrible News from Salisbury; Being A true, exact, and perfect Relation of the great and wonderful Contract and Engagement made between the Devil, and Mistris Anne Bodenham; with the manner how she could transform herself into the shape of a Mastive Dog, a black Lyon, a white Bear, a Woolf, a Bull, and a Cat.... The Tryal, Examinations, and Confession ... before the Lord Chief Baron Wild.... By James [Edmond?] Bower, Cleric , London, 1653. This is the first account of the affair and is a rather crude one.
Doctor Lamb Revived, or, Witchcraft condemn'd in Anne Bodenham ... who was Arraigned and Executed the Lent Assizes last at Salisbury, before the Right Honourable the Lord Chief Baron Wild, Judge of the Assize.... By Edmond Bower, an eye and ear Witness of her Examination and Confession , London, 1653. Bower's second and more detailed account. It is dedicated to the judge by the writer, who had a large part in the affair and frequently interviewed the witch. He does not present a record of examinations, but gives a detailed narrative of the entire affair. He throws out [365] hints about certain phases of the case and rouses curiosity without satisfying it. His story of Anne Bodenham is, however, clear and interesting. The celebrated Aubrey refers to the case in his Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme , 261. His account, which tallies well with that of Bower, he seems to have derived from Anthony Ettrick "of the Middle Temple," who was a "curious observer of the whole triall."
A Prodigious and Tragicall History of the Arraignment, Tryall, Confession, and Condemnation of six Witches at Maidstone, in Kent, at the Assizes there held in July, Fryday 30, this present year, 1652. Before the Right Honourable, Peter Warburton.... Collected from the Observations of E. G. Gent, a learned person, present at their Conviction and Condemnation, and digested by H. F. Gent. , London, 1652. It is a pity that the digesting was not omitted. The account, however, is trustworthy. Mention is made of this trial by Elias Ashmole in his Diary (London, 1717) and by The Faithful Scout , July 30-August 7, 1652.
The most true and wonderfull Narration of two women bewitched in Yorkshire: Who camming to the Assizes at York to give in Evidence against the Witch after a most horrible noise to the terror and amazement of all the beholders, did vomit forth before the Judges, Pins, wool.... Also a most true Relation of a young Maid ... who ... did ... vomit forth wadds of straw, with pins a crosse in them, iron Nails, Needles, ... as it is attested under the hand of that most famour Phisitian Doctor Henry Heers, ... 1658. In the Bodleian. The writer of this pamphlet had little information to give and seems to have got it at second or third hand.
A more Exact Relation of the most lamentable and horrid Contract which Lydia Rogers, living in Pump-Ally in Wapping, made with the Divel.... Together with the great pains and prayers of many eminent Divines, ... 1658. In the Bodleian. This is a "Relation of a woman who heretofore professing Religion in the purity thereof fel afterwards to be a sectary, and then to be acquainted with Astrologers, and afterwards with the Divel himself." A poor woman "naturally inclin'd to melancholy" believed she had made a contract with the Devil. "Many Ministers are dayly with her." [366]
The Snare of the Devill Discovered: Or, A True and perfect Relation of the sad and deplorable Condition of Lydia the Wife of John Rogers House Carpenter, living in Greenbank in Pumpe alley in Wappin.... Also her Examination by Mr. Johnson the Minister of Wappin, and her Confession. As also in what a sad Condition she continues.... London, 1658. Another tract against the Baptists. In spite of Lydia Rogers's supposed contract with the Devil, she does not seem to have been brought into court.
Strange and Terrible Newes from Cambridge, being A true Relation of the Quakers bewitching of Mary Philips ... into the shape of a Bay Mare, riding her from Dinton towards the University. With the manner how she became visible again ... in her own Likeness and Shape, with her sides all rent and torn, as if they had been spur-galled, ... and the Names of the Quakers brought to tryal on Friday last at the Assises held at Cambridge ... , London, 1659. This is mentioned by John Ashton in the bibliographical appendix to his The Devil in Britain and America .
The Just Devil of Woodstock, or a true narrative of the severall apparitions, the frights and punishments inflicted upon the Rumpish commissioners sent thither to survey the manors and houses belonging to His Majesty. 1660. Wood, Athenae Oxonienses (ed. of 1817), III, 398, ascribes this to Thomas Widdowes. It was on the affair described in this pamphlet that Walter Scott based his novel Woodstock . The story given in the pamphlet may be found in Sinclar's Satan's Invisible World Discovered . The writer has not seen the original pamphlet.
The Power of Witchcraft, Being a most strange but true Relation of the most miraculous and wonderful deliverance of one Mr. William Harrison of Cambden in the County of Gloucester, Steward to the Lady Nowel ... , London, 1662.
A True and Perfect Account of the Examination, Confession, Tryal, Condemnation and Execution of Joan Perry and her two Sons ... for the supposed murder of William Harrison, Gent ... , London, 1676. These are really not witchcraft [367] pamphlets. Mr. Harrison disappears, three people are charged with his murder and hanged. Mr. Harrison comes back from Turkey in two years and tells a story of his disappearance which leads to the supposition that he was transported thither by witchcraft.
A Tryal of Witches at the assizes held at Bury St. Edmonds for the County of Suffolk; on the tenth day of March, 1664 , London, 1682; another edition, 1716. The writer of this tract writes in introducing it: "This Tryal of Witches hath lain a long time in a private Gentleman's Hands in the Country, it being given to him by the Person that took it in the Court for his own satisfaction." This is the much quoted case before Sir Matthew Hale. The pamphlet presents one of the most detailed accounts of the court procedure in a witch case.
The Lord's Arm Stretched Out in an Answer of Prayer or a True Relation of the wonderful Deliverance of James Barrow, the Son of John Barrow of Olaves Southwark , London, 1664. This seems to be a Baptist pamphlet.
The wonder of Suffolke, being a true relation of one that reports he made a league with the Devil for three years, to do mischief, and now breaks open houses, robs people daily, ... and can neither be shot nor taken, but leaps over walls fifteen feet high, runs five or six miles in a quarter of an hour, and sometimes vanishes in the midst of multitudes that go to take him. Faithfully written in a letter from a solemn person, dated not long since, to a friend in Ship-yard, near Temple-bar, and ready to be attested by hundreds ... , London, 1677. This is mentioned in the Gentleman's Magazine , 1829, pt. ii, 584. I have not seen a copy of the pamphlet.
Daimonomageia: a small Treatise of Sicknesses and Diseases from Witchcraft and Supernatural Causes.... Being useful to others besides Physicians, in that it confutes Atheistical, Sadducistical, and Sceptical Principles and Imaginations ... , London, 1665. Though its title-page bears no name, the author was undoubtedly that "William Drage, D. P. [Doctor of Physic] at Hitchin," in Hertfordshire, to whose larger treatise on medicine (first printed in 1664 as A Physical Nosonomy , then in 1666 as The Practice of Physick , and again in 1668 as Physical Experiments ) it seems to be a usual appendage. It is [368] so, at least, in the Cornell copy of the first edition and in the Harvard copy of the third, and is so described by the Dict. Nat. Biog. and by the British Museum catalogue.
Hartford-shire Wonder. Or, Strange News from Ware, Being an Exact and true Relation of one Jane Stretton ... who hath been visited in a strange kind of manner by extraordinary and unusual fits ... , London, 1669. The title gives the clue to this story. The narrator makes it clear that a certain woman was suspected of the bewitchment.
A Magicall Vision, Or a Perfect Discovery of the Fallacies of Witchcraft, As it was lately represented in a pleasant sweet Dream to a Holysweet Sister, a faithful and pretious Assertor of the Family of the Stand-Hups, for preservation of the Saints from being tainted with the heresies of the Congregation of the Doe-Littles , London, 1673. I have not seen this. It is mentioned by Hazlitt, Bibliographical Collections , fourth series, s. v. Witchcraft.
A Full and True Relation of The Tryal, Condemnation, and Execution of Ann Foster ... at the place of Execution at Northampton. With the Manner how she by her Malice and Witchcraft set all the Barns and Corn on Fire ... and bewitched a whole Flock of Sheep ... , London, 1674. This narrative has no confirmation from other sources, yet its details are so susceptible of natural explanation that they warrant a presumption of its truth.
Strange News from Arpington near Bexby in Kent: Being a True Narrative of a yong Maid who was Possest with several Devils ... , London, 1679.
Strange and Wonderful News from Yowell in Surry; Giving a True and Just Account of One Elisabeth Burgess, Who was most strangely Bewitched and Tortured at a sad rate , London, 1681.
An Account of the Tryal and Examination of Joan Buts, for being a Common Witch and Inchantress, before the Right Honourable Sir Francis Pemberton, Lord Chief Justice, at the Assizes ... 1682. Single leaf.
The four brochures next to be described deal with the same affair and substantially agree.
The Tryal, Condemnation, and Execution of Three Witches, viz. Temperance Floyd, Mary Floyd, and Susanna Edwards. Who were Arraigned at Exeter on the 18th of August, 1682.... London, 1682. Confirmed by the records of the gaol deliveries [369] examined by Mr. Inderwick ( Side-Lights on the Stuarts , p. 192).
A True and Impartial Relation of the Informations against Three Witches, viz. Temperance Lloyd, Mary Trembles, and Susanna Edwards, who were Indicted, Arraigned, and Convicted at the Assizes holden ... at ... Exon, Aug. 14, 1682. With their several Confessions ... as also Their ... Behaviour, at the ... Execution on the Twenty fifth of the said Month , London, 1682. This, the fullest account (40 pp.), gives correctly the names of these three women, whom I still believe the last put to death for witchcraft in England.
Witchcraft discovered and punished. Or the Tryals and Condemnation of three Notorious Witches, who were Tryed the last Assizes, holden at the Castle of Exeter ... where they received sentence of Death, for bewitching severall Persons, destroying Ships at Sea, and Cattel by Land. To the Tune of Doctor Faustus; or Fortune my Foe. In the Roxburghe Collection at the British Museum. Broadside. A ballad of 17 stanzas (4 lines each) giving the story of the affair.
The Life and Conversation of Temperance Floyd, Mary Lloyd and Susanna Edwards ...; Lately Condemned at Exeter Assizes; together with a full Account of their first Agreement with the Devil: With the manner how they prosecuted their devilish Sorceries ... , London, 1687.
A Full and True Account of the Proceedings at the Sessions of Oyer and Terminer ... which began at the Sessions House in the Old Bayley on Thursday, June 1st, and Ended on Fryday, June 2nd, 1682. Wherein is Contained the Tryal of many notorious Malefactors ... but more especially the Tryall of Jane Kent for Witchcraft. This pamphlet is a brief summary of several cases just finished and has every evidence of being a faithful account. It is to be found in the library of Lincoln's Inn.
Strange and Dreadful News from the Town of Deptford in the County of Kent, Being a Full, True, and Sad Relation of one Anne Arthur. 1684/5. One leaf, folio. [370]
Strange newes from Shadwell, being a ... relation of the death of Alice Fowler, who had for many years been accounted a witch. London, 1685. 4 pp. In the library of the Earl of Crawford. I have not seen it.
A True Account of a Strange and Wonderful Relation of one John Tonken, of Pensans in Cornwall, said to be Bewitched by some Women: two of which on Suspition are committed to Prison , London, 1686. In the Bodleian. This narrative is confirmed by Inderwick's records.
News from Panier Alley; or a True Relation of Some Pranks the Devil hath lately play'd with a Plaster Pot there , London, 1687. In the Bodleian. A curious tract. No trial.
A faithful narrative of the ... fits which ... Thomas Spatchet ... was under by witchcraft ..., 1693. Unimportant.
The Second Part of the Boy of Bilson, Or a True and Particular Relation of the Imposter Susanna Fowles, wife of John Fowles of Hammersmith in the Co. of Midd., who pretended herself to be possessed , London, 1698.
A Full and True Account Both of the Life: And also the Manner and Method of carrying on the Delusions, Blasphemies, and Notorious Cheats of Susan Fowls, as the same was Contrived, Plotted, Invented, and Managed by wicked Popish Priests and other Papists.
The trial of Susannah Fowles, of Hammersmith, for blaspheming Jesus Christ, and cursing the Lord's Prayer ... , London, 1698.
These three pamphlets tell the story of a woman who was "an impostor and Notorious Lyar"; they have little to do with witchcraft. See above, ch. XIII, note 23.
The Case of Witchcraft at Coggeshall, Essex, in the year 1699. Being the Narrative of the Rev. J. Boys, Minister of the Parish. Printed from his manuscript in the possession of the publisher (A. Russell Smith), London, 1901.
A True and Impartial Account of the Dark and Hellish Power of Witchcraft, Lately Exercised on the Body of the Reverend Mr. Wood, Minister of Bodmyn. In a Letter from a Gentleman there, to his Friend in Exon, in Confirmation thereof , Exeter, 1700. [371]
A Full and True Account of the Apprehending and Taking of Mrs. Sarah Moordike, Who is accused for a Witch, Being taken near Paul's Wharf ... for haveing Bewitched one Richard Hetheway.... With her Examination before the Right Worshipful Sir Thomas Lane, Sir Owen Buckingham, and Dr. Hambleton in Bowe-lane. 1701. This account can be verified and filled out from the records of the trial of Hathaway, printed in Howell, State Trials , XIV, 639-696.
A short Account of the Trial held at Surry Assizes, in the Borough of Southwark; on an Information against Richard Hathway ... for Riot and Assault , London, 1702.
The Tryal of Richard Hathaway, upon an Information For being a Cheat and Impostor, For endeavouring to take away The Life of Sarah Morduck, For being a Witch at Surry Assizes ... , London, 1702.
A Full and True Account of the Discovering, Apprehending and taking of a Notorious Witch, who was carried before Justice Bateman in Well-Close on Sunday, July the 23. Together with her Examination and Commitment to Bridewel, Clerkenwel , London, 1704. Signed at the end, "Tho. Greenwel." Single page.
An Account of the Tryals, Examination, and Condemnation of Elinor Shaw and Mary Phillips ..., 1705.
The Northamptonshire Witches ..., 1705.
The second of these is the completer account. They are by the same author and are probably fabrications; see below, � 10.
The Whole Trial of Mrs. Mary Hicks and her Daughter Elizabeth ..., 1716. See below, � 10.
The Devil Turned Casuist, or the Cheats of Rome Laid open in the Exorcism of a Despairing Devil at the House of Thomas Pennington in Oriel.... By Zachary Taylor, M. A., Chaplain to the Right reverend Father in God, Nicholas, Lord Bishop of Chester, and Rector of Wigan , London, 1696. [372]
The Surey Demoniack, Or an Account of Satan's Strange and Dreadful Actings, In and about the Body of Richard Dugdale of Surey, near Whalley in Lancashire. And How he was Dispossest by Gods blessing on the Fastings and Prayers of divers Ministers and People , London, 1697. Fishwick, Notebook of Jollie (Chetham Soc.), p. xxiv says this was written by Thomas Jollie and John Carrington. The preface is signed by "Thomas Jolly" and five other clergymen. Probably Jollie wrote the pamphlet and Carrington revised it. See above, ch. XIII, note 10. Jollie disclaimed the sole responsibility for it. See his Vindication , 7. Taylor in The Surey Impostor assumes that Carrington wrote The Surey Demoniack ; see e. g. p. 21.
The Surey Imposter, being an answer to a late Fanatical Pamphlet, entituled The Surey Demoniack. By Zachary Taylor. London, 1697.
A Vindication of the Surey Demoniack as no Imposter: Or, A Reply to a certain Pamphlet publish'd by Mr. Zach. Taylor, called The Surey Imposter.... By T. J., London, 1698. Written by Jollie.
Popery, Superstition, Ignorance and Knavery very unjustly by a letter in the general pretended; but as far as was charg'd very fully proved upon the Dissenters that were concerned in the Surey Imposture. 1698. Written by Zachary Taylor.
The Lancashire Levite Rebuked, or a Vindication of the Dissenters from Popery, Superstition, Ignorance, and Knavery, unjustly Charged on them by Mr. Zachary Taylor.... London, 1698. Signed "N. N.;" see above ch. XIII, note 17.
The Lancashire Levite Rebuked, or a Farther Vindication , 1698. This seems to have been an answer to a "letter to Mr. N. N." which Taylor had published. We have, however, no other mention of such a letter.
Popery, Superstition, Ignorance, and Knavery, Confess'd and fully Proved on the Surey Dissenters, from a Second Letter of an Apostate Friend, to Zach. Taylor. To which is added a Refutation of T. Jollie's Vindication ... , London, 1699. Written by Zachary Taylor.
A Refutation of Mr. T. Jolly's Vindication of the Devil in Dugdale; Or, The Surey Demoniack , London, 1699. [373]
It is not worth while to give any critical appraisement of these pamphlets. They were all controversial and all dealt with the case of Richard Dugdale. Zachary Taylor had the best of it. The Puritan clergymen who backed up Thomas Jollie in his claims seem gradually to have withdrawn their support.
An Account of the Tryal, Examination, and Condemnation of Jane Wenham, on an Indictment of Witchcraft, for Bewitching of Matthew Gilston and Anne Thorne of Walcorne, in the County of Hertford.... Before the Right Honourable Mr. Justice Powell, and is ordered for Execution on Saturday come Sevennight the 15th. One page.
A Full and Impartial Account of the Discovery of Sorcery and Witchcraft, Practis'd by Jane Wenham of Walkerne in Hertfordshire, upon the bodies of Anne Thorn, Anne Street, &c.... till she ... receiv'd Sentence of Death for the same, March 4, 1711-12 , London, 1712. Anonymous, but confessedly written by Francis Bragge. 1st ed. in Cornell library and Brit. Mus.; 2d ed. in Brit. Mus.; 3d ed. in Brit. Mus. (Sloane, 3,943), and Bodleian; 4th ed. in Brit. Mus.; 5th ed. in Harvard library: all published within the year.
Witchcraft Farther Display'd. Containing (I) An Account of the Witchcraft practis'd by Jane Wenham of Walkerne, in Hertfordshire, since her Condemnation, upon the bodies of Anne Thorne and Anne Street.... (II) An Answer to the most general Objections against the Being and Power of Witches: With some Remarks upon the Case of Jane Wenham in particular, and on Mr. Justice Powel's procedure therein.... London, 1712. Introduction signed by "F. B." [Francis Bragge], who was the author.
A Full Confutation of Witchcraft: More particularly of the Depositions against Jane Wenham, Lately Condemned for a Witch; at Hertford. In which the Modern Notions of Witches are overthrown, and the Ill Consequences of such Doctrines are exposed by Arguments; proving that, Witchcraft is Priestcraft.... In a Letter from a Physician in Hertfordshire, to his Friend in London. London, 1712. [374]
The Impossibility of Witchcraft, Plainly Proving, From Scripture and Reason, That there never was a Witch; and that it is both Irrational and Impious to believe there ever was. In which the Depositions against Jane Wenham, Lately Try'd and Condemn'd for a Witch, at Hertford, are Confuted and Expos'd , London, 1712. 1st ed. in Brit. Mus.; 2d ed., containing additional material, in the Bodleian. The author of this pamphlet in his preface intimates that its substance had earlier been published by him in the Protestant Post Boy .
The Belief of Witchcraft Vindicated: proving from Scripture, there have been Witches; and from Reason, that there may be Such still. In answer to a late Pamphlet, Intituled, The Impossibility of Witchcraft ... , By G. R., A. M., London, 1712.
The Case of the Hertfordshire Witchcraft Consider'd. Being an Examination of a Book entitl'd, A Full and Impartial Account ... , London, 1712. Dedicated to Sir John Powell. In the Cornell copy of this booklet a manuscript note on the title-page, in an eighteenth century hand, ascribes it to "The Rector of Therfield in Hertfordshire, or his Curate," while at the end of the dedication what seems the same hand has signed the names, "Henry Stebbing or Thomas Sherlock." But Stebbing was in 1712 still a fellow at Cambridge, and Sherlock, later Bishop of London, was Master of the Temple and Chaplain to Queen Anne. See Dict. Nat. Biog.
A Defense of the Proceedings against Jane Wenham, wherein the Possibility and Reality of Witchcraft are Demonstrated from Scripture.... In Answer to Two Pamphlets, Entituled: (I) The Impossibility of Witchcraft, etc. (II) A Full Confutation of Witchcraft , By Francis Bragge, A. B., ... London, 1712.
The Impossibility of Witchcraft Further Demonstrated, Both from Scripture and Reason ... with some Cursory Remarks on two trifling Pamphlets in Defence of the existence of Witches . By the Author of The Impossibility of Witchcraft , 1712. In the Bodleian.
Jane Wenham . Broadside. The writer of this leaflet claims to have transcribed his account from an account in [375] "Judge Chancy's own hand". Chauncy was the justice of the peace who with Bragge stood behind the prosecution.
It is very hard to straighten out the authorship of these various pamphlets. The Rev. Mr. Bragge wrote several. The Rev. Mr. Gardiner and the Rev. Mr. Strutt, who were active in the case, may have written two of them. The topographer Gough, writing about 1780, declared that the late Dr. Stebbing had as a young man participated in the controversy. Francis Hutchinson was an interested spectator, but probably did not contribute to the literature of the subject.
A short secondary account is that of W. B. Gerish, A Hertfordshire Witch; or the Story of Jane Wenham, the "Wise Woman of Walkern ."
In the Brit. Mus., Sloane MSS., 3,943, there is a continuation of the pamphlet discussion, based chiefly, however, upon Glanvill and other writers.
An Account of The Tryals, Examination and Condemnation of Elinor Shaw and Mary Phillips (Two notorious Witches) on Wednesday the 7th of March 1705, for Bewitching a Woman, and two children.... With an Account of their strange Confessions. This is signed, at the end, "Ralph Davis, March 8, 1705." It was followed very shortly by a completer account, written after the execution, and entitled:
The Northamptonshire Witches, Being a true and faithful account of the Births, Educations, Lives, and Conversations of Elinor Shaw and Mary Phillips (The two notorious Witches) That were Executed at Northampton on Saturday, March the 17th, 1705 ... with their full Confession to the Minister, and last Dying Speeches at the place of Execution, the like never before heard of.... Communicated in a Letter last Post, from Mr. Ralph Davis of Northampton, to Mr. William Simons, Merchantt in London , London, 1705.
With these two pamphlets we wish to compare another, [376] which was apparently published in 1716 and was entitled: The Whole Trial and Examination of Mrs. Mary Hicks and her Daughter Elizabeth, But of Nine Years of Age, who were Condemn'd the last Assizes held at Huntingdon for Witchcraft, and there Executed on Saturday, the 28th of July 1716 ... the like never heard before; their Behaviour with several Divines who came to converse with 'em whilst under their sentence of Death; and last Dying Speeches and Confession at the place of execution , London, 1716. There is a copy in the Bodleian Library.
The two Northamptonshire pamphlets and the Huntingdonshire pamphlet have been set by themselves because they appear to have been written by one hand. Moreover, it looks very much as if they were downright fabrications foisted upon the public by a man who had already in 1700 made to order an unhistorical pamphlet. To show this, it will be necessary to review briefly the facts about the Worcester pamphlet described above, � 4. What seems to be the second edition of a pamphlet entitled The full Tryalls, Examinations and Condemnations of Four Notorious Witches, At the Assizes held at Worcester on Tuseday the 4th of March , was published at London with the date 1700. It purports to tell the story of one of the cases that came up during Matthew Hopkins's career in 1645-1647. It has been universally accepted—even by Thomas Wright, Ashton, W. H. D. Adams, and Inderwick. An examination shows, however, that it was made over from the Chelmsford pamphlet of 1645. The author shows little ingenuity, for he steals not only the confessions of four witches at that trial, but their names as well. Rebecca West, Margaret Landis, Susan Cock, and Rose Hallybread had all been hanged at Chelmsford and could hardly have been rehanged at Worcester. Practically all that the writer of the Worcester pamphlet did was to touch over the confessions and add thrilling details about their executions.
Now, it looks very much as if the same writer had composed the Northamptonshire pamphlets of 1705 and the Huntingdonshire pamphlets of 1716. The verbal resemblances are nothing less than remarkable. The Worcester pamphlet, in its title, tells of "their Confessions and Last Dying Speeches at the place of execution." The second of the two Northamptonshire pamphlets (the first was issued before the execution) speaks of "their full Confession to the Minister, and [377] last Dying Speeches at the place of Execution." The Huntingdonshire pamphlet closes the title with "last Dying Speeches and Confession at the place of Execution." The Worcester pamphlet uses the phrase "with other amazing Particulars"; the Northamptonshire pamphlet the phrase "the particulars of their amazing Pranks." The Huntingdon pamphlet has in this case no similar phrase but the Huntingdon and Northamptonshire pamphlets have another phrase in common. The Northamptonshire pamphlet says: "the like never before heard of"; the Huntingdon pamphlet says: "the like never heard before."
These resemblances are in the titles. The Northampton and the fabricated Worcester pamphlets show other similarities in their accounts. The Northampton women were so "hardened in their Wickedness that they Publickly boasted that their Master (meaning the Devil) would not suffer them to be Executed but they found him a Lyer." The Worcester writer speaks of the "Devil who told them to the Last that he would secure them from Publick Punishment, but now too late they found him a Lyer as he was from the beginning of the World." In concluding their narratives the Northamptonshire and Worcestershire pamphleteers show an interesting similarity of treatment. The Northampton witches made a "howling and lamentable noise" on receiving their sentences, the Worcester women made a "yelling and howling at their executions."
These resemblances may be fairly characterized as striking. If it be asked whether the phrases quoted are not conventional in witch pamphlets, the answer must be in the negative. So far as the writer knows, these phrases occur in no other of the fifty or more witch pamphlets. The word "notorious," which occurs in the titles of the Worcester and Northampton pamphlets, is a common one and would signify nothing. The other phrases mentioned are characteristic and distinctive. This similarity suggests that the three pamphlets were written by the same hand. Since we know that one of the three is a fabrication, we are led to suspect the credibility of the other two.
There are, indeed, other reasons for doubting the historicity of these two. A close scrutiny of the Northampton [378] pamphlet shows that the witchcrafts there described have the peculiar characteristics of the witchcrafts in the palmy days of Matthew Hopkins and that the wording of the descriptions is much the same. The Northampton pamphlet tells of a "tall black man," who appeared to the two women. A tall black man had appeared to Rebecca West at Chelmsford in 1645. A much more important point is that the prisoners at Northampton had been watched at night in order to keep their imps from coming in. This night-watching was a process that had never, so far as our records go, been used since the Hopkins alarm, of which it had been the characteristic feature. Were there no other resemblance between the Northampton cases and those at Chelmsford, this similarity would alone lead us to suspect the credibility of the Northampton pamphlet. Unfortunately the indiscreet writer of the Northampton narrative lets other phrases belonging to 1645 creep into his account.
When the Northampton women were watched, a "little white thing about the bigness of a Cat" had appeared. But a "white thing about the bignesse of a Cat" had appeared to the watchers at Chelmsford in 1645. This is not all. The Northampton witches are said to have killed their victims by roasting and pricking images, a charge which had once been common, but which, so far as the writer can recall, had not been used since the Somerset cases of 1663. It was a charge very commonly used against the Chelmsford witches whom Matthew Hopkins prosecuted. Moreover the Northampton witches boasted that "their Master would not suffer them to be executed." No Chelmsford witch had made that boast; but Mr. Lowes, who was executed at Bury St. Edmunds (the Bury trial was closely connected with that at Chelmsford, so closely that the writer who had read of one would probably have read of the other), had declared that he had a charm to keep him from the gallows.
It will be seen that these are close resemblances both in characteristic features and in wording. But the most perfect resemblance is in a confession. The two Northampton women describing their imps—creatures, by the way, that had figured largely in the Hopkins trials—said that "if the Imps were [379] not constantly imploy'd to do Mischief, they [the witches] had not their healths; but when they were imploy'd they were very Heathful and Well." This was almost exactly what Anne Leech had confessed at Chelmsford. Her words were: "And that when This Examinant did not send and employ them abroad to do mischief, she had not her health, but when they were imploy'd, she was healthfull and well."
We cannot point out the same similarity between the Huntingdonshire witchcrafts of 1716 and the Chelmsford cases. The narrative of the Huntingdon case is, however, somewhat remarkable. Mr. Hicks was taking his nine-year-old daughter to Ipswich one day, when she, seeing a sail at sea, took a "basin of water," stirred it up, and thereby provoked a storm that was like to have sunk the ship, had not the father made the child cease. On the way home, the two passed a "very fine Field of Corn." "Quoth the child again, 'Father, I can consume all this Corn in the twinkling of an Eye.' The Father supposing it not in her Power to do so, he bid to shew her infernal skill." The child did so, and presently "all the Corn in the Field became Stubble." He questioned her and found that she had learned witchcraft from her mother. The upshot of it was that at Mr. Hicks's instance his wife and child were prosecuted and hanged. The story has been called remarkable. Yet it is not altogether unique. In 1645 at Bury St. Edmunds just after the Chelmsford trial there were eighteen witches condemned, and one of them, it will be remembered, was Parson Lowes of Brandeston in Suffolk, who confessed that "he bewitched a ship near Harwidge; so that with the extreme tempestuous Seas raised by blusterous windes the said ship was cast away, wherein were many passengers, who were by this meanes swallowed up by the merciless waves." It will be observed that the two stories are not altogether similar. The Huntingdon narrative is a better tale, and it would be hardly safe to assert that it drew its inspiration from the earlier story. Yet, when it is remembered how unusual is the story in English witch-lore, the supposition gains in probability. There is a further resemblance in the accounts. The Hicks child had bewitched a field of corn. One of the Bury witches, in the narrative which tells of parson Lowes, "confessed that [380] She usually bewitcht standing corne, whereby there came great loss to the owners thereof." The resemblance is hardly close enough to merit notice in itself. When taken, however, in connection with the other resemblances it gives cumulative force to the supposition that the writer of the Huntingdon pamphlet had gone to the narratives of the Hopkins cases for his sources.
There are, however, other reasons for doubting the Huntingdon story. A writer in Notes and Queries , 2d series, V, 503-504, long ago questioned the narrative because of the mention of a "Judge Wilmot," and showed that there was no such judge on the bench before 1755. An examination of the original pamphlet makes it clear, however, that in this form the objection is worth nothing. The tract speaks only of a " Justice Wilmot," who, from the wording of the narrative, would seem to have conducted the examination preliminary to the assizes as a justice of the peace would. A justice of the peace would doubtless, however, have belonged to some Huntingdonshire county family. Now, the writer has searched the various records and histories of Huntingdonshire—unfortunately they are but too few—and among the several hundred Huntingdonshire names he has found no Wilmots (and, for that matter, no Hickes either). This would seem to make the story more improbable.
In an earlier number of Notes and Queries (1st series, V, 514), James Crossley, whose authority as to matters relating to witchcraft is of the highest, gives cogent reasons why the Huntingdonshire narrative could not be true. He recalls the fact that Hutchinson, who made a chronological table of cases, published his work in 1718. Now Hutchinson had the help of two chief-justices, Parker and King, and of Chief-Baron Bury in collecting his cases; and yet he says that the last execution for the crime in England was in 1682. Crossley makes the further strong point that the case of Jane Wenham in 1712 attracted wide attention and was the occasion of numerous pamphlets. "It is scarcely possible," he continues, "that in four years after two persons, one only nine years old, ... should have been tried and executed for witchcraft without public attention being called to the circumstance." He adds [381] that neither the Historical Register for 1716 nor the files of two London newspapers for that year, though they enumerate other convictions on the circuit, record the supposed cases.
It will be seen that exactly the same arguments apply to the Northampton trials of 1705. Hutchinson had been at extraordinary pains to find out not only about Jane Wenham, but about the Moordike case of 1702. It is inconceivable that he should have quite overlooked the execution of two women at Northampton.
We have observed that the Northampton, Huntingdon, and Worcester pamphlets have curious resemblances in wording to one another (resemblances that point to a common authorship), that the Worcester narrative can be proved to be fictitious, and that the Huntingdon narrative almost certainly belongs in the same category. We have shown, further, that the Northampton and Huntingdon stories present features of witchcraft characteristic of the Chelmsford and Bury cases of 1645, from the first of which the material of the Worcester pamphlet is drawn; and this fact points not only to the common authorship of the three tracts, but to the imaginary character of the Huntingdon and Northampton cases.
Against these facts there is to be presented what at first blush seems a very important piece of evidence. In the Northamptonshire Historical Collections , 1st series (Northampton, 1896), there is a chapter on witchcraft in Northamptonshire, copied from the Northamptonshire Handbook for 1867. That chapter goes into the trials of 1705 in detail, making copious extracts from the pamphlets. In a footnote the writers say: "To show that the burning actually took place in 1705, it may be important to mention that there is an item of expense entered in the overseers' accounts for St. Giles parish for faggots bought for the purpose." This in itself seems convincing. It seems to dispose of the whole question at once. There is, however, one fact that instantly casts a doubt upon this seemingly conclusive evidence. In England, witches were hanged, not burned. There are not a half-dozen recorded exceptions to this rule. Mother Lakeland in 1645 was burned. That is easy to explain. Mother Lakeland had by witchcraft killed her husband. Burning was the method of execution [382] prescribed by English law for a woman who killed her husband. The other cases where burnings are said to have taken place were almost certainly cases that came under this rule. But it does not seem possible that the Northampton cases came under the rule. The two women seem to have had no husbands. "Ralph Davis," the ostensible writer of the account, who professed to have known them from their early years, and who was apparently glad to defame them in every possible way, accused them of loose living, but not of adultery, as he would certainly have done, had he conceived of them as married. It is hard to avoid the conclusion that they could not have been burned.
There is a more decisive answer to this argument for the authenticity of the pamphlet. The supposed confirmation of it in the St. Giles parish register is probably a blunder. The Reverend R. M. Serjeantson of St. Peter's Rectory has been kind enough to examine for the writer the parish register of St. Giles Church. He writes: "The St. Giles accounts briefly state that wood was bought from time to time—probably for melting the lead. There is no mention of faggots nor witches in the Church wardens' overseers-for-the-poor accounts. I carefully turned out the whole contents of the parish chest." Mr. Serjeantson adds at the close this extract: "1705 P'd for wood 5/ For taking up the old lead 5/." It goes without saying that Mr. Serjeantson's examination does not prove that there never was a mention of the faggots bought for burning witches; but, when all the other evidence is taken into consideration, this negative evidence does establish a very strong presumption to that effect. Certainly the supposed passage from the overseers' accounts can no longer be used to confirm the testimony of the pamphlet. It looks very much as if the compilers of the Northamptonshire Handbook for 1867 had been careless in their handling of records.
It seems probable, then, that the pamphlet of 1705 dealing with the execution of Mary Phillips and Elinor Shaw is a purely fictitious narrative. The matter derives its importance from the fact that, if the two executions in 1705 be disproved, the last known execution in England is put back to 1682, ten years before the Salem affair in Massachusetts. This would of [383] course have some bearing on a recent contention (G. L. Kittredge, "Notes on Witchcraft," Am. Antiq. Soc., Proc. , XVIII), that "convictions and executions for witchcraft occurred in England after they had come to an end in Massachusetts."
1.— charged with causing death..
1603. Yorkshire. Mary Pannel. 1606. Hertford. Johanna Harrison and her daughter. 1612. Northampton. Helen Jenkinson, Arthur Bill, Mary Barber. 1612. Lancaster. Chattox, Eliz. Device, James Device, Alice Nutter, Katherine Hewitt, Anne Redfearne. 1612. York. Jennet Preston. 1613. Bedford. Mother Sutton and Mary Sutton. 1616. Middlesex. Elizabeth Rutter. 1616. Middlesex. Joan Hunt. 1619. Lincoln. Margaret and Philippa Flower. 1621. Edmonton. Elizabeth Sawyer.
1607. Rye, Kent. Two women entertained spirits, "to gain wealth." 1612. Lancaster. [384] John and Jane Bulcock, making to waste away. It was testified against them that at Malking Tower they consented to murder, but this was apparently not in the indictment. Acquitted, but later convicted. Alizon Device, caused to waste away. Isabel Robey, caused illness. 1616. Enfield, Middlesex. Agnes Berrye, laming and causing to languish. 1616. King's Lynn. Mary Smith, hanged for causing four people to languish. 1616. Leicester. Nine women hanged for bewitching a boy. Six more condemned on same charge, but pardoned by command of king.
1607. Bakewell. Our evidence as to the Bakewell witches is too incomplete to assure us that they were not accused of killing by witchcraft. 1612. Northampton. Agnes Brown and Joane Vaughan were indicted for bewitching Master Avery and Mistress Belcher, "together with the body of a young child to the death."
1558. John Thirkle, "taylour, detected of conjuringe," to be examined. Acts of Privy Council , n. s., VII, 6. ---- Several persons in London charged with conjuration to be sent to the Bishop of London for examination. Ibid. , 22.
1559. Westminster. Certain persons examined on suspicion, including probably Lady Frances Throgmorton. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1547-1580 , 142. [385]
c. 1559. Lady Chandos's daughter accused and imprisoned with George Throgmorton. Brit Mus., Add. MSS., 32,091, fol. 176.
1560. Kent. Mother Buske of St. John's suspected by the church authorities. Visitations of Canterbury in Arch�ologia Cantiana , XXVI, 31.
1561. Coxe, alias Devon, a Romish priest, examined for magic and conjuration, and for celebrating mass. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1547-1580 , 173.
---- London. Ten men brought before the queen and council on charge of "trespass, contempt, conjuration and sorceries." Punished with the pillory and required to renounce such practices for the future. From an extract quoted in Brit. Mus., Sloane MSS., 3,943, fol. 19.
1565. Dorset. Agnes Mondaye to be apprehended for bewitching Mistress Chettell. Acts P. C. , n. s., VII, 200-201.
1565-1573. Durham. Jennet Pereson accused to the church authorities. Depositions ... from ... Durham (Surtees Soc.), 99.
1566. Chelmsford, Essex. Mother Waterhouse hanged; Alice Chandler hanged, probably at this time; Elizabeth Francis probably acquitted. The examination and confession of certaine Wytches at Chensforde. For the cases of Elizabeth Francis and Alice Chandler see also A detection of damnable driftes, A iv, A v, verso.
---- Essex. "Boram's wief" probably examined by the archdeacon. W. H. Hale, A Series of Precedents and Proceedings in Criminal Causes, 1475-1640, extracted from the Act Books of Ecclesiastical Courts in the Diocese of London (London, 1847), 147.
1569. Lyme, Dorset. Ellen Walker accused. Roberts, Southern Counties , 523.
1570. Essex. Malter's wife of Theydon Mount and Anne Vicars of Navestock examined by Sir Thomas Smith. John Strype, Life of Sir Thomas Smith (ed. of Oxford, 1820), 97-100. [386]
1570-1571. Canterbury. Several witches imprisoned. Mother Dungeon presented by the grand jury. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , IX, pt. 1, 156 b; Wm. Welfitt, "Civis," Minutes collected from the Ancient Records of Canterbury (Canterbury, 1801-1802), no. VI.
---- —— Folkestone, Kent. Margaret Browne, accused of "unlawful practices," banished from town for seven years, and to be whipped at the cart's tail if found within six or seven miles of town. S. J. Mackie, Descriptive and Historical Account of Folkestone (Folkestone, 1883), 319.
1574. Westwell, Kent. "Old Alice" [Norrington?] arraigned and convicted. Reginald Scot, Discoverie of Witchcraft , 130-131.
---- Middlesex. Joan Ellyse of Westminster convicted on several indictments for witchcraft and sentenced to be hanged. Middlesex County Records , I, 84.
c. 1574. Jane Thorneton accused by Rachel Pinder, who however confessed to fraud. Discloysing of a late counterfeyted possession.
1575. Burntwood, Staffordshire. Mother Arnold hanged at Barking. From the title of a pamphlet mentioned by Lowndes: The Examination and Confession of a notorious Witch named Mother Arnold, alias Whitecote, alias Glastonbury, at the Assise of Burntwood in July, 1574; who was hanged for Witchcraft at Barking, 1575. Mrs. Linton, Witch Stories, 153, says that many were hanged at this time, but I cannot find authority for the statement.
---- Middlesex. Elizabeth Ducke of Harmondsworth acquitted. Middlesex County Records , I, 94.
---- Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. Katharine Smythe acquitted. Henry Harrod, "Notes on the Records of the Corporation of Great Yarmouth," in Norfolk Arch�ology , IV, 248.
1577. Seaford, Sussex. Joan Wood presented by the grand jury. M. A. Lower, "Memorials of Seaford," in Sussex Arch�ological Soc., Collections , VII, 98. [387]
---- Middlesex. Helen Beriman of Laleham acquitted. Middlesex County Records , I, 103.
---- Essex. Henry Chittam of Much Barfield to be tried for coining false money and conjuring. Acts P. C. , n. s., IX, 391; X, 8, 62.
1578. Prescall, Sanford, and "one Emerson, a preiste," suspected of conjuration against the queen. The first two committed. Id. , X, 382; see also 344, 373.
---- Evidence of the use of sorcery against the queen discovered. Cal. St. P., Spanish, 1568-1579 , 611; see also note to Ben Jonson's Masque of Queenes (London, Shakespeare Soc., 1848), 71.
---- Sussex. "One Tree, bailiff of Lewes, and one Smith of Chinting" to be examined. Acts P. C. , n. s., X, 220.
1579. Chelmsford, Essex. Three women executed. Mother Staunton released because "no manslaughter objected against her." A Detection of damnable driftes.
---- Abingdon, Berks. Four women hanged; at least two others and probably more were apprehended. A Rehearsall both straung and true of ... acts committed by Elisabeth Stile ... ; Acts P. C. , n. s., XI, 22; Scot, Discoverie of Witchcraft , 10, 51, 543.
---- Certain persons suspected of sorcery to be examined by the Bishop of London. Acts P. C. , n. s., XI, 36.
---- Salop, Worcester, and Montgomery. Samuel Cocwra paid for "searching for certen persons suspected for conjuracion." Ibid. , 292.
---- Southwark. Simon Pembroke, a conjurer, brought to the parish church of St. Saviour's to be tried by the "ordinarie judge for those parties," but falls dead before the opening of the trial. Holinshed, Chronicles (ed. of 1586-1587), III, 1271.
---- Southampton. Widow Walker tried by the leet jury, outcome unknown. J. S. Davies, History of Southampton (Southampton, 1883), 236.
1579-1580. Shropshire. Mother Garve punished in the corn market. Owen and Blakeway, History of Shrewsbury , I, 562. [388]
1580. Stanhope, Durham. Ann Emerson accused by the church officials. Injunctions ... of ... Bishop of Durham (Surtees Soc.), 126.
---- Bucks. John Coleman and his wife examined by four justices of the peace at the command of the privy council. They were probably released. Acts P. C. , n. s., XI, 427; XII, 29.
---- Kent. Several persons to be apprehended for conjuration. Id. , XII, 21-23.
---- Somerset. Henry Harrison and Thomas Wadham, suspected of conjuration, to appear before the privy council. Ibid. , 22-23.
---- Somerset. Henry Fize of Westpenner, detected in conjuration, brought before the privy council. Ibid. , 34.
---- Essex. "Sondery persones" charged with sorceries and conjuration. Acts P. C. , XII, 29, 34.
1581. Randoll and four others accused for "conjuring to know where treasure was hid in the earth." Randoll and three others found guilty. Randoll alone executed. Holinshed, Chronicles (London, 1808), IV, 433.
1581. Padstow, Cornwall. Anne Piers accused of witchcraft. Examination of witnesses. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1581-1590 , 29. See also Acts P. C. , n. s., XIII, 228.
1581. Rochester, Kent. Margaret Simmons acquitted. Scot, Discoverie , 5.
1581-82. Colchester, Essex. Annis Herd accused before the "spiritual Courte." Witches taken at St. Oses , 1582.
1582. St. Osyth, Essex. Sixteen accused, one of whom was a man. How many were executed uncertain. It seems to have been a tradition that thirteen were executed. Scot wrote that seventeen or eighteen were executed. Witches taken at St. Oses , 1582; Scot, Discoverie , 543.
1582 (or before). "T. E., Maister of Art and practiser both of physicke, and also in times past, of certeine vaine sciences," condemned for conjuration, but reprieved. Scot, Discoverie , 466-469. [389]
1582. Middlesex. Margery Androwes of Clerkenwell held in bail. Middlesex County Records , I, 133.
1582. Durham. Alison Lawe of Hart compelled to do penance. Denham Tracts (Folk-Lore Soc.), II, 332.
1582. Kent. Goodwife Swane of St. John's suspected by the church authorities. Arch�ol. Cant. , XXVI, 19.
1582-83. Nottingham. A certain Batte examined before the "Meare" of Nottingham. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , XII, pt. 4, 147.
1582-83. King's Lynn. Mother Gabley probably hanged. Excerpt from parish register of Wells in Norfolk, in the Gentleman's Magazine , LXII (1792), 904.
1583. Kingston-upon-Hull, Yorkshire. Three women tried, one sentenced to a year's imprisonment and the pillory. J. J. Sheahan, History of Kingston-upon-Hull (London, 1864), 86.
1583. Colchester, Essex. Two women sentenced to a year in prison and to four appearances in the pillory. E. L. Cutts, Colchester (London, 1888), 151. Henry Harrod, Report on the Records of Colchester (Colchester, 1865), 17; App., 14.
1583. St. Peter's, Kent. Ellen Bamfield suspected by the church authorities. Arch�ol. Cant. , XXVI, 45.
1584. Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. Elizabeth Butcher (punished before) and Joan Lingwood condemned to be hanged. C. J. Palmer, History of Great Yarmouth , I, 273.
1584. Staffordshire. An indictment preferred against Jeffrey Leach. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1581-1590 , 206.
1584. "The oulde witche of Ramsbury" and several other "oulde witches and sorcerers" suspected. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1581-1590 , 220.
1584. York. Woman, indicted for witchcraft and "high treason touching the supremacy," condemned. Cal. St. P., Dom., Add. 1580-1625 , 120-121.
1584. Middlesex. Elizabeth Bartell of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields acquitted. Middlesex County Records , I, 145. [390]
1585. Middlesex. Margaret Hackett of Stanmore executed. From titles of two pamphlets mentioned by Lowndes, The severall Facts of Witchcrafte approved on Margaret Haskett ... 1585, and An Account of Margaret Hacket, a notorious Witch ... 1585.
1585. Middlesex. Joan Barringer of "Harroweelde" (Harrow Weald) acquitted. Middlesex County Records , I, 157.
1585. Dorset. John Meere examined. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1581-90 , 246-247.
1585-86. Alnwick, Northumberland. Two men and two women committed to prison on suspicion of killing a sheriff. Denham Tracts , II, 332; Cal. S. P., Dom., Add. 1580-1625 , 168.
1586. Eckington, Derbyshire. Margaret Roper accused. Discharged. Harsnett, Discovery of the Fraudulent Practises of John Darrel , 310.
1586. Faversham, Kent. Jone Cason [Carson] tried before the mayor, executed. Holinshed, Chronicles (1586-1587), III, 1560.
1587. Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. Helena Gill indicted. C. J. Palmer, History of Great Yarmouth , 273. H. Harrod in Norfolk Arch�ology , IV, 248, assigns this to 1597, but it is probably a mistake.
c. 1588. A woman at R. H. said to have been imprisoned and to have died before the assizes. Gifford, Dialogue (London, 1603), C.
1589. Chelmsford, Essex. Three women hanged. The apprehension and confession of three notorious Witches.
1589. Several persons to be examined about their dealings in conjuration with an Italian friar. Acts P. C. , n. s., XVII, 31-32.
1589. Mrs. Deir brought into question for sorcery against the queen. Charge dismissed. Strype, Annals of the Reformation (London, 1709-1731), IV, 7-8.
1590. Mrs. Dewse suspected of attempting to make use of conjurors. Cal. St. P., Dom. , 1581-1590, 644.
1590. John Bourne, a "sorcerer and seducer," arrested. Acts P. C. , n. s., XVIII, 373. [391]
1590. Berwick. A Scottish witch imprisoned. John Scott, History of Berwick (London, 1888), 180; Arch�ologia , XXX, 172.
1590. Norfolk. Margaret Grame accused before justice of the peace. Neighbors petition in her behalf. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports, Various , II, 243-244.
1590. King's Lynn. Margaret Read burnt. Benjamin Mackerell, History and Antiquities ... of King's Lynn , (London, 1738), 231.
1590. Edmonton, Middlesex. Certain men taken for witchcraft and conjuring. Bloodhound used in pursuit of them. Cal. St. P., Dom. , 1581-1590, 689.
1590-91. Hertfordshire. Indictment of Joan White for killing. Hertfordshire County Session Rolls , I, 4.
1591. John Prestall suspected. Cal. St. P., Dom. , 1591-1594, 17-19.
1591. Middlesex. Stephen Trefulback of Westminster given penalty of statute, i. e. , probably pillory. Middlesex County Records , I, 197.
1592. Colchester, Essex. Margaret Rand indicted by grand jury. Brit. Mus., Stowe MSS., 840, fol. 42.
1592. Yorkshire. "Sara B. de C." examined. West, Symboleography , pt. II (London, 1594), ed. of 1611, fol. 134 verso (reprinted in County Folk-Lore , Folk-Lore Soc., 135). Whether the "S. B. de C. in comit. H." whose indictment in the same year is printed also by West may possibly be the same woman can not be determined.
1592. Yorkshire. Margaret L. de A. examined. Ibid.
1593. Warboys, Huntingdonshire. Mother, daughter and father Samuel executed. The most strange and admirable discoverie of the three Witches of Warboys. 1593. See also John Darrel, A Detection of that sinnful ... discours of Samuel Harshnet , 20-21, 39-40, 110. Harsnett, Discovery of the Fraudulent Practises of John Darrel , 93, 97.
1594. Jane Shelley examined for using sorcerers to find the time of the queen's death. Hist. MSS. Comm., Cecil. , pt. V, 25. [392]
1595. St. Peter's Kent. Two women presented by the church authorities. Still suspected in 1599. Arch�ol. Cant. , XXVI, 46.
1595. Woodbridge, Suffolk. Witches put in the pillory. County Folk-Lore, Suffolk (Folk-Lore Soc., London, 1895), 193.
1595. Jane Mortimer pardoned for witchcraft. Bodleian, Tanner MSS., CLXVIII, fol. 29.
1595. Near Bristol, Somerset. Severall committed for the Earl of Derby's death. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , IV, app., 366 b. See also E. Baines's Lancaster (London, 1870), 273-274 and note.
1595. Barnet and Braynford, Herts. Three witches executed. From title of pamphlet mentioned by Lowndes, The Arraignment and Execution of 3 detestable Witches, John Newell, Joane his wife, and Hellen Calles: two executed at Barnett and one at Braynford , 1 Dec. 1595.
1596 (or before). Derbyshire. Elizabeth Wright (mother of Alice Gooderidge) several times summoned before the justice of the peace on suspicion. The most wonderfull and true Storie of ... Alse Gooderidge (1597).
1596. Burton-upon-Trent, Derbyshire. Alice Gooderidge tried at Derby, convicted. Died in prison. Harsnett, Discovery of the fraudulent Practises of John Darrel; John Darrel, Detection of that sinnful ... discours of Samuel Harshnet , 38, 40; The most wonderfull and true Storie of ... Alse Gooderidge (1597).
1596-1597. Leicester. Mother Cooke hanged. Mary Bateson, Records of the Borough of Leicester (Cambridge, 1899), III, 335.
1596-1597. Lancaster. Hartley condemned and executed. John Darrel, True Narration (in the Somers Tracts , III), 175, 176; George More, A True Discourse concerning the certaine possession ... of 7 persons ... in Lancashire , 18-22; John Darrel, Detection of that sinnful ... discours of Samuel Harshnet , 40. [393]
1597. Nottingham. Thirteen or more accused by Somers, at least eight of whom were put in gaol. All but two discharged. Alice Freeman tried at the assizes and finally acquitted. John Darrel, Detection of that sinnful ... discours of Samuel Harshnet , 109-111; An Apologie or defence of the possession of William Sommers , L-L 3; Samuel Harsnett, Discovery of the Fraudulent Practises of John Darrel , 5, 102, 140-141, 320-322.
1597. St. Lawrence, Kent. Sibilla Ferris suspected by the church authorities. Arch�ol. Cant. , XXVI, 12.
1597. Nottingham. William Somers accused of witchcraft as a ruse to get him into the house of correction. Darrel, A True Narration of the ... Vexation ... of seven persons in Lancashire , in Somers Tracts , III, 184; also his Brief Apologie (1599), 17.
1597. Yorkshire. Elizabeth Melton of Collingham condemned, pardoned. Cal. St. P., Dom. , 1595-1597, 400.
1597. Lancashire. Alice Brerely of Castleton condemned, pardoned. Ibid. , 406.
1597. Middlesex. Agnes Godfrey of Enfield held by the justice of the peace on �10 bail. Middlesex County Records , I, 237.
1597. St. Andrew's in Holborne, Middlesex. Josia Ryley arraigned. "Po se mortuus in facie curie," i. e. Posuit se moriturum. Ibid. , 225.
1597. Middlesex. Helen Spokes of St. Giles-in-the-Fields acquitted. Ibid. , 239.
1598. Berwick. Richard Swynbourne's wife accused. John Scott, History of Berwick (London, 1888), 180.
1598. St. Peter's, Kent. Two women suspected by the church officials; one of them presented again the next year. Arch�ol. Cant. , XXVI, 46.
1598. King's Lynn. Elizabeth Housegoe executed. Mackerell, History and Antiquities of King's Lynn , 232.
1599. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. Jone Jordan of Shadbrook tried. Darrel, A Survey of Certaine Dialogical Discourses , 54. [394]
1599. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. Joane Nayler tried. Ibid.
1599. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. Oliffe Bartham of Shadbrook executed. The Triall of Maist. Dorrel , 92-98.
1599. London. Anne Kerke of Bokes-wharfe executed at "Tiburn." The Triall of Maist. Dorrel , 99-103.
1600. Hertford. A "notable witch" committed to the gaol at Hertford. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports, Cecil MSS. , pt. X, 310.
1600. Rosa Bexwell pardoned. Bodleian, Tanner MSS., CLXVIII, fol. 104.
1600. Norfolk. Margaret Fraunces committed for a long time. Probably released by justice of the peace on new evidence. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , X, pt. II (Gawdy MSS.), 71. See also below, pp. 400, 401.
1600. Ipswich, Suffolk. Several conjurers suspected. Cal. St. P., Dom. , 1598-1601, 523.
1601. Bishop Burton, York. Two women apprehended for bewitching a boy. Brit. Mus., Add. MSS., 32,496, fol. 42 b.
1601. Middlesex. Richard Nelson of St. Katharine's arraigned. Middlesex County Records , I, 260.
1601. Nottingham. Ellen Bark presented at the sessions. Records of the Borough of Nottingham , IV, 260-261.
1602. Middlesex. Elizabeth Roberts of West Drayton indicted on three charges, acquitted. Middlesex County Records , I, 212.
1602. Saffron Walden, Essex. Alice Bentley tried before the quarter sessions. Case probably dismissed. Darrel, A Survey of Certaine Dialogical Discourses , 54.
temp. Eliz. Northfleet, Kent. Pardon to Alice S. for bewitching a cow and pigs. Bodleian, Rawlinson MSS., C 404, fol. 205 b.
temp. Eliz. Woman condemned to prison and pillory. Gifford, Dialogue concerning Witches (1603), L 4 verso.
temp. Eliz. Cambridge. Two women perhaps hanged at this time. Henry More, Antidote to Atheisme , III. But see 1605, Cambridge. [395]
temp. Eliz. Mother W. of W. H. said to have been executed. Gifford, Dialogue concerning Witches , D 4 verso—E.
temp. Eliz. Mother W. of Great T. said to have been hanged. Ibid. , C 4.
temp. Eliz. Woman said to have been hanged. Ibid. , L 3-L 3 verso.
temp. Eliz. Two women said to have been hanged. Ibid. , I 3 verso.
1602-1603. London. Elizabeth Jackson sentenced, for bewitching Mary Glover, to four appearances in the pillory and a year in prison. John Swan, A True and Breife Report of Mary Glover's Vexation ; E. Jorden, A briefe discourse of ... the Suffocation of the Mother , 1603; also a MS., Marie Glover's late woefull case ... upon occasion of Doctor Jordens discourse of the Mother, wherein hee covertly taxeth, first the Phisitiones which judged her sicknes a vexation of Sathan and consequently the sentence of Lawe and proceeding against the Witche who was discovered to be a meanes thereof, with A defence of the truthe against D. J. his scandalous Impugnations , by Stephen Bradwell, 1603. Brit. Mus., Sloane MSS., 831. An account by Lewis Hughes, appended to his Certaine Grievances (1641-2), is quoted by Sinclar, Satan's Invisible World Discovered (Edinburgh, 1685), 95-100; and hence Burton ( The Kingdom of Darkness ) and Hutchinson ( Historical Essay concerning Witchcraft ) assign a wrong date.
1603. Yorkshire. Mary Pannel executed for killing in 1593. Mayhall, Annals of Yorkshire (London, 1878), I, 58. See also E. Fairfax, A Discourse of Witchcraft , 179-180.
1603. Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. Ales Moore in gaol on suspicion. C. J. Palmer, History of Great Yarmouth , II, 70.
1604. Wooler, Northumberland. Katherine Thompson and Anne Nevelson proceeded against by the Vicar General of the Bishop of Durham. Richardson, Table Book , I, 245; J. Raine, York Depositions , 127, note. [396]
1605. Cambridge. A witch alarm. Letters of Sir Thomas Lake to Viscount Cranbourne, January 18, 1604/5, and of Sir Edward Coke to Viscount Craybourne, Jan. 29, 1604/5, both in Brit. Mus., Add. MSS., 6177, fol. 403. This probably is the affair referred to in Cal. St. P., Dom. , 1603-1610, 218. Nor is it impossible that Henry More had this affair in mind when he told of two women who were executed in Cambridge in the time of Elizabeth (see above, temp. Eliz., Cambridge) and was two or three years astray in his reckoning.
1605. Doncaster, York. Jone Jurdie of Rossington examined. Depositions in Gentleman's Magazine , 1857, pt. I, 593-595.
1606. Louth, Lincolnshire. "An Indictment against a Witche." R. W. Goulding, Louth Old Corporation Records (Louth, 1891), 54.
1606. Hertford. Johanna Harrison and her daughter said to have been executed. This rests upon the pamphlet The Most Cruell and Bloody Murther , ... See appendix A, � 3.
1606. Richmond, Yorkshire. Ralph Milner ordered by quarter sessions to make his submission at Mewkarr Church. North Riding Record Society , I, 58.
1607. Middlesex. Alice Bradley of Hampstead arraigned on four bills, acquitted. Middlesex County Records , II, 8.
1607. Middlesex. Rose Mersam of Whitecrosse Street acquitted. Ibid. , II, 20.
1607. Bakewell, Derby. Several women said to have been executed here. See Robert Simpson, A Collection of Fragments illustrative of the History and Antiquities of Derby (Derby, 1826), 90; Glover, History of Derby (ed. Thos. Noble, 1833), pt. I, vol. II, p. 613; J. C. Cox, Three Centuries of Derbyshire Annals , II, 88. For what purports to be a detailed account of the affair see W. Andrews, Bygone Derbyshire , 180-184. [397]
1607-11. Rye, Sussex. Two women condemned by local authorities probably discharged upon interference from London. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , XIII, pt. 4, 136-137, 139-140, 147-148.
1608. Simon Read pardoned. Cal. St. P., Dom. , 1603-1610, 406.
1610. Norfolk. Christian[a] Weech, pardoned in 1604, now again pardoned. Ibid. , 96, 598. Was this the Christiana Weekes of Cleves Pepper, Wilts, who in 1651 and 1654 was again and again accused of telling where lost goods were? See Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports, Various , I, 120.
1610. Middlesex. Agnes Godfrey of Enfield, with four bills against her, acquitted on three, found guilty of killing. File containing sentence lost. Middlesex County Records , II, 57-58. Acquitted again in 1621. Ibid. , 79, 80.
1610. Leicestershire. Depositions taken by the sheriff concerning Randall and other witches. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , XII, pt. 4 ( MSS. of the Duke of Rutland ), I, 422.
1611. Carnarvon. Story of witchcraft "committed on six young maids." Privy Council orders the Bishop of Bangor and the assize judges to look into it. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1611-1618 , 53.
1611. Wm. Bate, indicted twenty years before for practising invocation, etc., for finding treasure, pardoned. Ibid. , 29.
1611. Thirsk, Yorkshire. Elizabeth Cooke presented by quarter sessions for slight crime related to witchcraft. North Riding Record Soc. , I, 213.
1612. Lancaster. Margaret Pearson, who in 1612 was sentenced to a year's imprisonment and the pillory, had been twice tried before, once for killing, and once for bewitching a neighbor. Potts, Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the countie of Lancaster (Chetham Soc., 1845).
1612. Lancaster. Ten persons of Pendle sentenced to death, one to a year's imprisonment; eight acquitted in [398] cluding three women of Salmesbury. Potts, Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches , Chetham Soc., 1845. But cf. Cooper's words ( Mystery of Witchcraft, 1617 ), 15.
1612. York. Jennet Preston sentenced to death. Potts, Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches .
1612. Northampton. At least four women and one man hanged. Many others accused, one of whom died in gaol. The Witches of Northamptonshire , 1612; also Brit Mus., Sloane MSS., 972, fol. 7.
1613. Bedford. Mother Sutton and Mary Sutton, her daughter, of Milton Miles hanged. Witches Apprehended, Examined and Executed , 1613. See app. A, � 3, for mention of another pamphlet on the same subject, A Booke of the Wytches lately condemned and executed . See also The Wonderful Discoverie of ... Margaret and Phillip Flower , preface, and Richard Bernard, Guide to Grand Jurymen , iii .
1613. Wilts. Margaret Pilton of Warminster, accused at quarter sessions, probably released. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports, Various , I, 86-87.
1614. Middlesex. Dorothy Magick of St. Andrew's in Holborn sentenced to a year's imprisonment and four appearances in the pillory. Middlesex County Records , II, 91, 218.
1615. Middlesex. Joan Hunt of Hampstead, who had been, along with her husband, twice tried and acquitted, and whose accuser had been ordered to ask forgiveness, sentenced to be hanged. Middlesex County Records , II, lii, 95, 110, 217-218.
1616. Leicester. Nine women hanged on the accusation of a boy. Six others accused, one of whom died in prison, five released after the king's examination of the boy. Robert Heyrick's letters from Leicester, July 16 and October 15, 1616, reprinted in the Annual Register , 1800, p. 405. See also Cal. S. P., Dom., 1611-1618 , 398, and William Kelly, Royal Progresses in Leicester (Leicester, 1855), pt. II, 15. [399]
1616. King's Lynn, Norfolk. Mary Smith hanged. Alexander Roberts, Treatise of Witchcraft (London, 1616); Mackerell, History and Antiquities of King's Lynn , 233.
1616. Middlesex. Elizabeth Rutter of Finchley, for laming and killing three persons, sentenced to be hanged. Middlesex County Records , II, 108, 218.
1616. Middlesex. Margaret Wellan of London accused "upon suspition to be a witch." Andrew Camfield held in �40 bail to appear against her. Middlesex County Records , II, 124-125.
1617. Middlesex. Agnes Berrye of Enfield sentenced to be hanged. Ibid. , 116, 219.
1617. Middlesex. Anne Branche of Tottenham arraigned on four counts, acquitted. Ibid. , 219.
1618. Middlesex. Bridget Meakins acquitted. Ibid. , 225.
1619. Lincoln. Margaret and Philippa Flower hanged. Their mother, Joan Flower, died on the way to prison. The Wonderful Discoverie of the Witchcrafts of Margaret and Phillip Flower ; J. Nichols, History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester (1795-1815), II, pt. I, 49; Cal. St. P., Dom., 1619-1623 , 129; Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports, Rutland MSS. , IV, 514.
1619. Leicester. Three women, Anne Baker, Joan Willimot, Ellen Green, accused and confessed. Doubtless executed. The Wonderful Discoverie of the Witchcrafts of Margaret and Phillip Flower .
1619. Middlesex. Agnes Miller of Finchley acquitted. Middlesex County Records , II, 143-144.
1620. London. "One Peacock, sometime a schoolmaster and minister," for bewitching the king, committed to the Tower and tortured. Williams, Court and Times of James I , II, 202; Cal. St. P., Dom., 1619-1623 , 125.
1620. Leicester. Gilbert Smith, rector of Swithland, accused of witchcraft among other things. Leicestershire and Rutland Notes and Queries , I, 247.
1620. Padiham, Lancashire. Witches in prison. House and Farm Accounts of the Shuttleworths , pt. II. (Chetham Soc., 1856), 240. [400]
1620. Staffordshire. Woman accused on charges of the "boy of Bilson" acquitted. The Boy of Bilson (London, 1622); Arthur Wilson, Life and Reign of James I , 107-112; Webster, Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft , 274-275.
1621. Edmonton, Middlesex. Elizabeth Sawyer hanged. The wonderfull discoverie of Elizabeth Sawyer , by Henry Goodcole (1621).
1621. Middlesex. Anne Beaver, accused of murder on six counts, acquitted. Middlesex County Records , II, 72-73. Acquitted again in 1625. Ibid. , III, 2.
1622. York. Six women indicted for bewitching Edward Fairfax's children. At April assizes two were released upon bond, two and probably four discharged. At the August assizes they were again acquitted. Fairfax, A Discourse of Witchcraft (Philobiblon Soc., London, 1858-1859).
1622. Middlesex. Margaret Russel, alias "Countess," committed to Newgate by Sir Wm. Slingsby on a charge by Lady Jennings of injuring her daughter. Dr. Napier diagnosed the daughter's illness as epilepsy. Brit. Mus., Add. MSS., 36,674, fol. 134.
1623. Yorkshire. Elizabeth Crearey of North Allerton sentenced to be set in the pillory once a quarter. Thirsk Quarter Sessions Records in North Riding Record Society (London, 1885), III, 177, 181.
1624. Bristol. Two witches said to have been executed. John Latimer, The Annals of Bristol in the Seventeenth Century (Bristol, 1900), 91. Latimer quotes from another "annalist."
temp. Jac. I? Two women said to have been hanged. Story doubtful. Edward Poeton, Winnowing of White Witchcraft (Brit. Mus., Sloane MSS., 1,954), 41-42.
temp. Jac. I. Norfolk. Joane Harvey accused for scratching "an olde witche" there, "Mother Francis nowe deade." Mother Francis had before been imprisoned at Norwich. Brit. Mus., Add. MSS., 28,223, fol. 15.
temp. Jac. I. Warwickshire. Coventry haunted by "hellish sorcerers." "The pestilent brood" also in Cheshire. [401] Thomas Cooper, The Mystery of Witchcraft (1617), 13, 16.
temp. Jac. I. Norwich. Witches probably accused for illness of a child. Possibly Mother Francis was one of them. Cooper, ibid. , "Epistle Dedicatorie."
1626. Taunton, Somerset. Edmund Bull and Joan Greedie accused. Brit. Mus., Add. MSS., 36,674, fol. 189; Wright, Narratives of Sorcery and Magic , II, 139-143. See also Richard Bernard, Guide to Grand Jurymen , "Epistle Dedicatorie."
1627. Durham. Sara Hathericke and Jane Urwen accused before the Consistory Court. Folk-Lore Journal (London, 1887), V, 158. Quoted by Edward Peacock from the records of the Consistory Court of Durham.
1627. Linneston, Lancaster. Elizabeth Londesdale accused. Certificate of neighbors in her favor. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , XIV, pt. 4 ( Kenyon MSS. ), 36.
1628. Leepish, Northumberland. Jane Robson committed. Mackenzie, History of Northumberland (Newcastle, 1825), 36. Mackenzie copies from the Mickleton MS.
1630. Lancaster. A certain Utley said to have been hanged for bewitching Richard Assheton. E. Baines, Lancaster (ed. of 1868-1870), II, 12.
1630. Sandwich, Kent. Woman hanged. Wm. Boys, Collections for an History of Sandwich in Kent (Canterbury, 1792), 707.
c. 1630. Wilts. "John Barlowes wife" said to have been executed. MS. letter of 1685-86 printed in the Gentleman's Magazine , 1832, pt. I, 405-410.
1633. Louth, Lincolnshire. Witch alarm; two searchers appointed. One witch indicted. Goulding, Louth Old Corporation Records , 54.
c. 1633. Lancaster. The father and mother of Mary Spencer condemned. Cal. S. P., Dom., 1634-1635 , 79.
1633. Norfolk. Woman accused. No arrest made. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , X, pt. 2 ( Gawdy MSS. ), p. 144. [402]
1633-34. Lancaster. Several witches, probably seventeen, tried and condemned. Reprieved by the king. For the many references to this affair see above, chap. VII, footnotes.
1634. Yorkshire. Four women of West Ayton presented for telling "per veneficationem vel incantationem" where certain stolen clothes were to be found. Thirsk Quarter Sessions Records in North Riding Record Society , IV, 20.
1635. Lancaster. Four witches condemned. Privy Council orders Bishop Bridgeman to examine them. Two died in gaol. The others probably reprieved. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , XII, 2 ( Cowper MSS. , II), 77, 80.
1635. Leicester. Agnes Tedsall acquitted. Leicestershire and Rutland Notes and Queries , I, 247.
1635. ——. Mary Prowting, who was a plaintiff before the Star Chamber, accused of witchcraft. Accuser, who was one of the defendants, exposed. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1635 , 476-477.
c. 1637. Bedford. Goodwife Rose "ducked," probably by officials. Wm. Drage, Daimonomageia (London, 1665), 41.
1637. Staffordshire. Joice Hunniman committed, almost certainly released. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , II, App., 48 b.
1637-38. Lathom, Lancashire. Anne Spencer examined and probably committed. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , XIV, 4 ( Kenyon MSS. ), 55.
1638. Middlesex. Alice Bastard arraigned on two charges. Acquitted. Middlesex County Records , III, 112-113.
1641. Middlesex. One Hammond of Westminster tried and perhaps hanged. John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme (Folk-Lore Soc.), 61.
temp. Carol I. Oxford. Woman perhaps executed. This story is given at third hand in A Collection of Modern Relations (London, 1693), 48-49.
temp. Carol, I. Somerset. One or more hanged. Later the bewitched person, who may have been Edmund Bull [403] (see above, s. v. 1626, Taunton), hanged also as a witch. Meric Casaubon, Of Credulity and Incredulity (London, 1668), 170-171.
temp. Carol. I? Taunton Dean. Woman acquitted. North, Life of North , 131.
1642. Middlesex. Nicholas Culpepper of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, acquitted. Middlesex County Records , III, 85.
1643. Newbury, Berks. A woman supposed to be a witch probably shot here by the parliament forces. A Most certain, strange and true Discovery of a Witch ... 1643; Mercurius Aulicus , Oct. 1-8, 1643; Mercurius Civicus , Sept. 21-28, 1643; Certaine Informations , Sept. 25-Oct. 2, 1643; Mercurius Britannicus , Oct. 10-17, 1643.
1644. Sandwich, Kent. "The widow Drew hanged for a witch." W. Boys, Collections for an History of Sandwich , 714.
1645 (July). Chelmsford, Essex. Sixteen certainly condemned, probably two more. Possibly eleven or twelve more at another assize. A true and exact Relation ... of ... the late Witches ... at Chelmesford (1645); Arthur Wilson, in Peck, Desiderata Curiosa , II, 76; Hopkins, Discovery of Witches , 2-3; Stearne, Confirmation and Discovery of Witchcraft , 14, 16, 36, 38, 58, etc.; Signes and Wonders from Heaven (1645), 2; "R. B." The Kingdom of Darkness (London, 1688). The fate of the several Essex witches is recorded by the True and Exact Relation in marginal notes printed opposite their depositions (but omitted in the reprint of that pamphlet in Howell's State Trials ). "R. B.," in The Kingdom of Darkness , though his knowledge of the Essex cases is ascribed to the pamphlet, gives details as to the time and place of the executions which are often in strange conflict with its testimony.
1645 (July). Norfolk. Twenty witches said to have been executed. Whitelocke, Memorials , I, 487. A Perfect Diurnal (July 21-28, 1645) says that there has been [404] a "tryall of the Norfolke witches, about 40 of them and 20 already executed." Signes and Wonders from Heaven says that "there were 40 witches arraigned for their lives and 20 executed."
1645. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. Sixteen women and two men executed Aug. 27. Forty or fifty more probably executed a few weeks later. A very large number arraigned. A manuscript (Brit. Mus., Add. MSS., 27,402, fol. 104 ff.) mentions over forty true bills and fifteen or more bills not found. A True Relation of the Araignment of eighteene Witches at St. Edmundsbury (1645); Clarke, Lives of Sundry Eminent Persons , 172; County Folk-Lore, Suffolk (Folk-Lore Soc.), 178; Ady, A Candle in the Dark , 104-105, 114; Moderate Intelligencer , Sept. 4-11, 1645; Scottish Dove , Aug. 29-Sept. 6, 1645.
Stearne mentions several names not mentioned in the True Relation —names probably belonging to those in the second group of the accused. Of most of them he has quoted the confession without stating the outcome of the cases. They are Hempstead of Creeting, Ratcliffe of Shelley, Randall of Lavenham, Bedford of Rattlesden, Wright of Hitcham, Ruceulver of Powstead, Greenliefe of Barton, Bush of Barton, Cricke of Hitcham, Richmond of Bramford, Hammer of Needham, Boreham of Sudbury, Scarfe of Rattlesden, King of Acton, Bysack of Waldingfield, Binkes of Haverhill. In addition to these Stearne speaks of Elizabeth Hubbard of Stowmarket. Two others from Stowmarket were tried, "Goody Mils" and "Goody Low." Hollingsworth, History of Stowmarket (Ipswich, 1844), 171.
1645. Melford, Suffolk. Alexander Sussums made confession. Stearne, 36.
1645. Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. At least nine women indicted, five of whom were condemned. Three women acquitted and one man. Many others presented. C. J. Palmer, History of Great Yarmouth , I, 273-274. [405] Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , IX, App., pt. I, 320 a; Henry Harrod in Norfolk Arch�ol. , IV, 249-251.
1645. Cornwall. Anne Jeffries confined in Bodmin gaol and starved by order of a justice of the peace. She was said to be intimate with the "airy people" and to cause marvellous cures. We do not know the charge against her. Finally discharged. William Turner, Remarkable Providences (London, 1697), ch. 82.
1645. Ipswich, Suffolk. Mother Lakeland burnt. The Lawes against Witches (1645).
1645. King's Lynn, Norfolk. Dorothy Lee and Grace Wright hanged. Mackerell, History and Antiquities of King's Lynn , 236.
1645. Aldeburgh, Norfolk. Seven witches hanged. Quotations from the chamberlain's accounts in N. F. Hele, Notes or Jottings about Aldeburgh , 43-44.
1645. Faversham, Kent. Three women hanged, a fourth tried, by the local authorities. The Examination, Confession, Triall and Execution of Joane Williford, Joan Cariden and Jane Hott (1645).
1645. Rye, Sussex. Martha Bruff and Anne Howsell ordered by the "mayor of Rye and others" to be put to the ordeal of water. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , XIII, pt. 4, 216.
1645. Middlesex. Several witches of Stepney accused. Signes and Wonders from Heaven , 2-3.
1645-46. Cambridgeshire. Several accused, at least one or two of whom were executed. Ady, Candle in the Dark , 135; Stearne, 39, 45; H. More, Antidote against Atheisme , 128-129. This may have been what is referred to in Glanvill's Sadducismus Triumphatus , pt. ii, 208-209.
1646. Northamptonshire. Several witches hanged. One died in prison. Stearne, 11, 23, 34-35.
1646. Huntingdonshire. Many accused, of whom at least ten were examined and several executed, among them John Wynnick. One woman swam and was released. John Davenport, Witches of Huntingdon [406] (London, 1646); H. More, Antidote against Atheisme , 125; Stearne, 11, 13, 17, 19, 20-21, 39, 42.
1646. Bedfordshire. Elizabeth Gurrey of Risden made confession. Stearne says a Huntingdonshire witch confessed that "at Tilbrooke bushes in Bedfordshier ... there met above twenty at one time." Huntingdonshire witches seem meant, but perhaps not alone. Stearne, 11, 31.
c. 1646. Yarmouth, Norfolk. Stearne mentions a woman who suffered here. Stearne, 53.
1646. Heptenstall, Yorkshire. Elizabeth Crossley, Mary Midgley, and two other women examined before two justices of the peace. York Depositions , 6-9.
1647. Ely, Cambridgeshire. Stearne mentions "those executed at Elie, a little before Michaelmas last, ... also one at Chatterish there, one at March there, and another at Wimblington there, now lately found, still to be tryed"; and again "one Moores wife of Sutton, in the Isle of Elie," who "confessed her selfe guilty" and was executed; and yet again "one at Heddenham in the Isle of Ely," who "made a very large Confession" and must have paid the penalty. Stearne, 17, 21, 37; Gibbons, Ely Episcopal Records (Lincoln, 1891), 112-113.
1647. Middlesex. Helen Howson acquitted. Middlesex County Records , III, 124.
1648. Middlesex. Bill against Katharine Fisher of Stratford-at-Bow ignored. Middlesex County Records , III, 102.
1648. Norwich, Norfolk. Two women burnt. P. Browne, History of Norwich (Norwich, 1814), 38.
1649. Worcester. A Lancashire witch said to have been tried; perhaps remanded to Lancashire. A Collection of Modern Relations. The writer says that he received the account from a "Person of Quality" who attended the trial.
1649. Middlesex. Elizabeth Smythe of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields acquitted. Middlesex County Records , III, 191.
1649. Middlesex. Dorothy Brumley acquitted. Ibid. [407]
1649. St. Albans. John Palmer and Elizabeth Knott said to have been hanged for witches. The Divels Delusion (1649).
1649. Berwick. Thirty women, examined on the accusation of a Scotch witch-finder, committed to prison. Whitelocke, Memorials , III, 99; John Fuller, History of Berwick (Edinburgh, 1799), 155-156, giving extracts from the Guild Hall Books; John Sykes, Local Records (Newcastle, 1833), I, 103-105.
1649. Gloucester. Witch tried at the assizes. A Collection of Modern Relations , 52.
1649-50. Yorkshire. Mary Sykes and Susan Beaumont committed and searched. The former acquitted, bill against the latter ignored. York Depositions , 28.
1649-50. Durham. Several witches at Gateshead examined, and carried to Durham for trial; "a grave for a witch." Sykes, Local Records , I, 105; or Denham Tracts (Folk-Lore Soc.), II, 338.
1649-50. Newcastle. Thirty witches accused. Fourteen women and one man hanged, together with a witch from the county of Northumberland. Ralph Gardiner, England's Grievance (London, 1655), 108; Sykes, Local Records , I, 103; John Brand, History and Antiquities of Newcastle (London, 1789), II, 477-478; Whitelocke, Memorials , III, 128; Chronicon Mirabile (London, 1841), 92.
1650. Yorkshire. Ann Hudson of Skipsey charged. York Depositions , 38, note.
1650. Cumberland. A "discovery of witches." Sheriff perplexed. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1650 , 159.
1650. Derbyshire. Ann Wagg of Ilkeston committed for trial. J. C. Cox, Three Centuries of Derbyshire Annals , II, 88.
1650. Middlesex. Joan Roberts acquitted. Middlesex County Records , III, 284.
1650. Stratford-at-Bow, Middlesex. Witch said to have been apprehended, but "escaped the law." Glanvill, Sadducismus Triumphatus , pt. ii, Relation XX.
1650. Middlesex. Joan Allen sentenced to be hanged. Middlesex County Records , III, 284. The Weekly Intelligencer , [408] Oct. 7, 1650, refers to the hanging of a witch at the Old Bailey, probably Joan.
1650. Leicester. Anne Chettle searched and acquitted. Tried again two years later. Result unknown. Leicestershire and Rutland Notes and Queries , I, 247; James Thompson, Leicester (Leicester, 1849), 406.
1650. Alnwick. Dorothy Swinow, wife of a colonel, indicted. Nothing further came of it. Wonderfull News from the North (1650).
1650. Middlesex. Elizabeth Smith acquitted. Middlesex County Records , III, 284.
c. 1650-60. St. Alban's, Herts. Two witches suspected and probably tried. Drage, Daimonomageia (1665), 40-41.
1651. Yorkshire. Margaret Morton acquitted. York Depositions , 38.
1651. Middlesex. Elizabeth Lanam of Stepney acquitted. Middlesex County Records , III, 202, 285.
1651. Colchester, Essex. John Lock sentenced to one year's imprisonment and four appearances in the pillory. Brit. Mus., Stowe MSS., 840, fol. 43.
1652. Yorkshire. Hester France of Huddersfield accused before the justice of the peace. York Depositions , 51.
1652. Maidstone, Kent. Six women hanged, others indicted. A Prodigious and Tragicall History of the Arraignment ... of six Witches at Maidstone ... by "H. F. Gent.," 1652; The Faithful Scout , July 30-Aug. 7, 1652; Ashmole's Diary in Lives of Ashmole and Lilly (London, 1774), 316.
1652. Middlesex. Joan Peterson of Wapping acquitted on one charge, found guilty on another, and hanged. Middlesex County Records , III, 287; The Witch of Wapping ; A Declaration in Answer to several lying Pamphlets concerning the Witch of Wapping ; The Tryall and Examinations of Mrs. Joan Peterson ; French Intelligencer , Apr. 6-13, 1652; Mercurius Democritus , Apr. 7-14, 1652; Weekly Intelligencer , April 6-13, 1652; Faithful Scout , Apr. 9-16, 1652.
1652. London. Susan Simpson acquitted. A True and Perfect List of the Names of those Prisoners in Newgate (London, 1652).
1652. Worcester. Catherine Huxley of Evesham, charged with bewitching a nine-year-old girl, hanged. Baxter, Certainty of the World of Spirits (London, 1691), 44-45. Baxter's narrative was sent him by "the now Minister of the place."
1652. Middlesex. Temperance Fossett of Whitechapel acquitted. Middlesex County Records , III, 208, 288.
1652. Middlesex. Margery Scott of St Martin's-in-the-Fields acquitted. Ibid. , 209.
1652. Scarborough, Yorkshire. Anne Marchant or Hunnam accused and searched. J. B. Baker, History of Scarborough (London, 1882), 481, using local records.
1652. Durham. Francis Adamson and —— Powle executed. Richardson, Table Book , I, 286.
1652. Exeter, Devonshire. Joan Baker committed. Cotton, Gleanings ... Relative to the History of ... Exeter (Exeter, 1877), 149.
1652. Wilts. William Starr accused and searched. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , Various , I, 127.
1652-53. Cornwall. A witch near Land's End accused, and accuses others. Eight sent to Launceston gaol. Some probably executed (see above, p. 218 and footnotes 24, 25). Mercurius Politicus , Nov. 24-Dec. 2, 1653; R. and O. B. Peter, The Histories of Launceston and Dunheved (Plymouth, 1885), 285. See also Burthogge, Essay upon Reason and the Nature of Spirits (London, 1694), 196.
1653. Wilts. Joan Baker of the Devizes makes complaint because two persons have reported her to be a witch. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , Various , I, 127. Is this the Joan Baker of Exeter mentioned a few lines above?
1653. Wilts. Joan Price of Malmesbury and Elizabeth Beeman of the Devizes indicted, the latter committed to the assizes. Ibid.
1653. Yorkshire. Elizabeth Lambe accused. York Depositions , 58.
1653. Middlesex. Elizabeth Newman of Whitechapel acquitted on one charge, found guilty on another, and sentenced to be hanged. Middlesex County Records , III, 217, 218, 289.
1653. Middlesex. Barbara Bartle of Stepney acquitted. Ibid. , 216.
1653. Leeds, Yorkshire. Isabel Emott indicted for witchcraft upon cattle. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , IX, pt. 1, 325 b.
1653. Salisbury, Wilts. Anne Bodenham of Fisherton Anger hanged. Doctor Lamb Revived ; Doctor Lamb's Darling ; Aubrey, Folk-Lore and Gentilisme (Folk-Lore Soc.), 261; Henry More, An Antidote against Atheisme , bk. III, chap. VII.
1654. Yorkshire. Anne Greene of Gargrave examined. York Depositions , 64-65.
1654. Yorkshire. Elizabeth Roberts of Beverley examined. Ibid. , 67.
1654. Wilts. Christiana Weekes of Cleves Pepper, who had been twice before accused in recent sessions, charged with telling where lost goods could be found. "Other conjurers" charged at the same time. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , Various , I, 120. See above, 1610, Norfolk.
1654. Exeter. Diana Crosse committed. Cotton, Gleanings ... Relative to the History of ... Exeter , 150.
1654. Wilts. Elizabeth Loudon committed on suspicion. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , Various , I, 129.
1654. Whitechapel, Middlesex. Grace Boxe, arraigned on three charges, acquitted. Acquitted again in 1656. Middlesex County Records , III, 223, 293.
1655. Yorkshire. Katherine Earle committed and searched. York Depositions , 69.
1655. Salisbury. Margaret Gyngell convicted. Pardoned by the Lord Protector. F. A. Inderwick, The Interregnum , 188-189.
1655. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. Mother and daughter Boram said to have been hanged. Hutchinson, An Historical Essay concerning Witchcraft , 38.
1656. Yorkshire. Jennet and George Benton of Wakefield examined. York Depositions , 74.
1656. Yorkshire. William and Mary Wade committed for bewitching the daughter of Lady Mallory. York Depositions , 75-78.
1657. Middlesex. Katharine Evans of Fulham acquitted. Middlesex County Records , III, 263.
1657. Middlesex. Elizabeth Crowley of Stepney acquitted, but detained in the house of correction. Middlesex County Records , III, 266, 295.
1657. Gisborough, Yorkshire. Robert Conyers, "gent.," accused. North Riding Record Society , V, 259.
1658. Exeter. Thomas Harvey of Oakham, Rutlandshire, "apprehended by order of Council by a party of soldiers," acquitted at Exeter assizes, but detained in custody. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1658-1659 , 169.
1658. Chard, Somerset. Jane Brooks of Shepton Mallet hanged. Glanvill, Sadducismus Triumphatus (1681), pt. ii, 120-122. (Glanvill used Hunt's book of examinations). J. E. Farbrother, Shepton Mallet; notes on its history, ancient, descriptive and natural (1860), 141.
1658. Exeter. Joan Furnace accused. Cotton, Gleanings ... Relative to the History of ... Exeter , 152.
1658. Yorkshire. Some women said to have been accused by two maids. The woman "cast" by the jury. The judges gave a "respite." Story not entirely trustworthy. The most true and wonderfull Narration of two women bewitched in Yorkshire ... (1658).
1658. Wapping, Middlesex. Lydia Rogers accused. A More Exact Relation of the most lamentable and horrid Contract which Lydia Rogers ... made with the Divel (1658). See app. A, � 5, for another tract.
1658. Northamptonshire. Some witches of Welton said to have been examined. Glanvill, Sadducismus Triumphatus (1681), pt. ii, 263-268. [412]
1658. Salisbury, Wilts. The widow Orchard said to have been executed. From a MS. letter of 1685-86, printed in the Gentleman's Magazine , 1832, pt. I, 405-410.
1659. Norwich, Norfolk. Mary Oliver burnt. P. Brown, History of Norwich , 39. Francis Blomefield, An Essay towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk (London, 1805-1810), III, 401.
1659. Middlesex. Elizabeth Kennett of Stepney accused. Middlesex County Records , III, 278, 299.
1659. Hertfordshire. "Goody Free" accused of killing by witchcraft. Hertfordshire County Sessions Rolls , I, 126, 129.
1659-1660. Northumberland. Elizabeth Simpson of Tynemouth accused. York Depositions , 82.
1660. Worcester. Joan Bibb of Rushock received �20 damages for being ducked. Gentleman's Magazine , 1856, pt. I, 39, from a letter of J. Noake of Worcester, who used the Townshend MSS.
1660. Worcester. A widow and her two daughters, and a man, from Kidderminster, tried. "Little proved." Copied from the Townshend MSS. by Nash, in his Collections for the History of Worcestershire (1781-1799), II, 38.
1660. Newcastle. Two suspected women detained in prison. Extracts from the Municipal Accounts of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in M. A. Richardson, Reprints of Rare Tracts ... illustrative of the History of the Northern Counties (Newcastle, 1843-1847), III, 57.
1660. Canterbury, Kent. Several witches said to have been executed. W. Welfitt ("Civis"), Minutes of Canterbury (Canterbury, 1801-1802), no. X.
c. 1660. Sussex. A woman who had been formerly tried at Maidstone watched and searched. MS. quoted in Sussex Arch�ol. Collections , XVIII, 111-113; see also Samuel Clarke, A Mirrour or Looking Glasse both for Saints and Sinners , II, 593-596.
1661. Hertfordshire. Frances Bailey of Broxbourn complained of abuse by those who believed her a witch. Hertfordshire County Sessions Rolls , I, 137.
1661. Newcastle. Jane Watson examined before the mayor. York Depositions , 92-93.
1661. Newcastle. Margaret Catherwood and two other women examined before the mayor. Ibid. , 88.
1663. Somerset. Elizabeth Style died before execution. Glanvill, Sadducismus Triumphatus , pt. ii, 127-146. For copies of three depositions about Elizabeth Style, see Gentleman's Magazine , 1837, pt. ii, 256-257.
1663. Taunton, Somerset. Julian Cox hanged. Glanvill, Sadducismus Triumphatus , pt. ii, 191-198.
1663-64. Newcastle. Dorothy Stranger accused before the mayor. York Depositions , 112-114.
1664. Somerset. A "hellish knot" of witches (Hutchinson says twelve) accused before justice of the peace Robert Hunt. His discovery stopped by "some of them in authority." Glanvill, Sadducismus Triumphatus , pt. ii, 256-257. But see case of Elizabeth Style above.
1664. Somerset. A witch condemned at the assizes. She may have been one of those brought before Hunt. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1663-1664 , 552.
1664. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. Rose Cullender and Amy Duny condemned. A Tryal of Witches at ... Bury St. Edmunds (1682).
1664. Newcastle. Jane Simpson, Isabell Atcheson and Katharine Curry accused before the mayor. York Depositions , 124.
1664. York. Alice Huson and Doll Dilby tried. Both made confessions. Copied for A Collection of Modern Relations (see p. 52) from a paper written by the justice of the peace, Corbet.
1665. Wilts. Jone Mereweather of Weeke in Bishop's Cannings committed. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , Various , I, 147.
1665. Newcastle. Mrs. Pepper accused before the mayor. York Depositions , 127.
1665. Three persons convicted of murder and executed for killing a supposed witch. Joseph Hunter, Life of Heywood (London, 1842), 167-168, note. [414]
1666. Lancashire. Four witches of Haigh examined, two committed but probably acquitted. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1665-1666 , 225.
1667. Newcastle, Northumberland. Emmy Gaskin of Landgate accused before the mayor. York Depositions , 154.
1667. Norfolk. A fortune-teller or conjuror condemned to imprisonment. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1667 , 30.
1667. Ipswich, Suffolk. Two witches possibly imprisoned. Story doubtful. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1667-1668 , 4.
1667. Devizes, Wilts. "An old woman" imprisoned, charged with bewitching by making and pricking an image. Blagrave, Astrological Practice (London 1689), 90, 103.
1667. Lancashire. Widow Bridge and her sister, Margaret Loy, both of Liverpool, accused. The Moore Rental (Chetham Soc., 1847), 59-60.
1668. Durham. Alice Armstrong of Strotton tried, but almost certainly acquitted. Tried twice again in the next year with the same result. Sykes, Local Records , II, 369.
1668. Warwick. Many witches "said to be in hold." Cal. St. P., Dom., 1668-1669 , 25.
1669. Hertfordshire. John Allen of Stondon indicted for calling Joan Mills a witch. Hertfordshire County Sessions Rolls , I, 217.
1670. Yorkshire. Anne Wilkinson acquitted. York Depositions , 176 and note.
1670. Latton Wilts. Jane Townshend accused. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports, Various . I, 150-151.
1670. Wilts. Elizabeth Peacock acquitted. See Inderwick's list of witch trials in the western circuit, in his Sidelights on the Stuarts (London, 1888), 190-194. Hereafter the reference "Inderwick" will mean this list. See also above, p. 269, note.
1670. Devonshire. Elizabeth Eburye and Aliena Walter acquitted. Inderwick.
1670. Somerset. Anne Slade acquitted on two indictments. Inderwick. [415]
1670. Bucks. Ann Clarke reprieved. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1670 , 388.
1671. Devonshire. Johanna Elford acquitted. Inderwick.
1671. Devonshire. Margaret Heddon acquitted on two indictments. Inderwick.
1671. Falmouth. Several witches acquitted. Cal. St. P., Dom., 1671 , 105, 171. Perhaps identical with the three, two men and a woman, mentioned by Inderwick as acquitted in Cornwall.
1672. Somerset. Margaret Stevens acquitted on two indictments. Inderwick.
1672. Devonshire. Phelippa Bruen acquitted on four indictments. Inderwick.
1672. Wilts. Elizabeth Mills acquitted on two indictments. Inderwick.
1672. Wilts. Elizabeth Peacock, who had been acquitted two years before, acquitted on five indictments. Judith Witchell acquitted on two, found guilty on a third. She and Ann Tilling sentenced to execution. They must have been reprieved. Inderwick; Gentleman's Magazine , 1832, pt. II, p. 489-492.
1673. Yorkshire, Northumberland, and Durham. At least twenty-three women and six men accused to various justices of the peace by Ann Armstrong, who confessed to being present at witch meetings, and who acted as a witch discoverer. Some of those whom she accused were accused by others. Margaret Milburne, whom she seems not to have mentioned, also accused, York Depositions , 191-202.
1674. Northampton. Ann Foster said to have been hanged for destroying sheep and burning barns by witchcraft. A Full and True Relation of The Tryal, Condemnation, and Execution of Ann Foster (1674).
1674. Middlesex. Elizabeth Row of Hackney held in bail for her appearance at Quarter Sessions. Middlesex County Records , IV, 42-43.
1674. Southton, Somerset. John and Agnes Knipp acquitted. Inderwick.
1674? (see above, p. 269, note). Salisbury. Woman acquitted, but kept in gaol. North, Life of North , 130, 131.
1674-75. Lancashire. Joseph Hinchcliffe and his wife bound over to appear at the assizes. He committed suicide and his wife died soon after. York Depositions , 208; Oliver Heywood's Diary (1881-1885), I, 362.
1675. Southton, Somerset. Martha Rylens acquitted on five indictments. Inderwick.
1676. Devonshire. Susannah Daye acquitted. Inderwick.
1676. Cornwall. Mary Clarkson acquitted. Inderwick.
c. 1679. Ely, Cambridgeshire. Witch condemned, but reprieved. Hutchinson, Historical Essay concerning Witchcraft , 41.
c. 1680. Somerset. Anna Rawlins acquitted. Inderwick.
c. 1680. Derbyshire. Elizabeth Hole of Wingerworth accused and committed for charging a baronet with witchcraft. J. C. Cox, Three Centuries of Derbyshire Annals , II, 90.
1680. Yorkshire, Elizabeth Fenwick of Longwitton acquitted. York Depositions , 247.
1682. London. Jane Kent acquitted. A Full and True Account ... but more especially the Tryall of Jane Kent for Witchcraft (1682).
1682. Surrey. Joan Butts acquitted. Strange and Wonderfull News from Yowell in Surry (1681); An Account of the Tryal and Examination of Joan Buts (1682).
1682. Devonshire. Temperance Lloyd acquitted on one indictment, found guilty on another. Susanna Edwards and Mary Trembles found guilty. All three executed. Inderwick; North, Life of North , 130; see also app. A, � 6, above.
1682-88. Northumberland. Margaret Stothard of Edlingham accused. E. Mackenzie, History of Northumberland , II, 33-36.
1683. London. Jane Dodson acquitted. An Account of the Whole Proceedings at the Sessions Holden at the Sessions House in the Old Baily ... (1683).
1683. Somerset. Elenora, Susannah, and Marie Harris, and Anna Clarke acquitted. Inderwick.
1684. Devonshire. Alicia Molland found guilty. Inderwick.
1685. Devonshire. Jane Vallet acquitted on three indictments. Inderwick.
temp. Carol. II. Devonshire. Agnes Ryder of Woodbury accused, probably committed. A. H. A. Hamilton, Quarter Sessions chiefly in Devon (London, 1878), 220.
temp. Carol. II. Ipswich, Suffolk. A woman in prison. William Drage, Daimonomageia , 11.
temp. Carol. II. Herts. Two suspected witches of Baldock ducked. Ibid. , 40.
temp. Carol. II. St. Albans, Herts. Man and woman imprisoned. Woman ducked. Ibid.
temp. Carol. II. Taunton Dean, Somerset. Man acquitted. North, Life of North , 131.
1685-86. Malmesbury, Wilts. Fourteen persons accused, among whom were the three women, Peacock, Tilling and Witchell, who had been tried in 1672. Eleven set at liberty; Peacock, Tilling and Witchell kept in prison awhile, probably released eventually. Gentleman's Magazine , 1832, pt. I, 489-492.
1686. Somerset. Honora Phippan acquitted on two indictments. Inderwick.
1686. Cornwall. Jane Noal, alias Nickless, alias Nicholas, and Betty Seeze committed to Launceston gaol for bewitching a fifteen-year-old boy. We know from Inderwick that Jane Nicholas was acquitted. A True Account of ... John Tonken of Pensans in Cornwall (1686).
1687. York. Witch condemned, probably reprieved. Memoirs and Travels of Sir John Reresby (London, 1812), 329.
1687. Dorset. Dewnes Knumerton and Elizabeth Hengler acquitted. Inderwick. For examination of first see Roberts, Southern Counties , 525-526.
1687. Wilts. M. Parle acquitted. Inderwick. [418]
1687. Devonshire. Abigail Handford acquitted. Inderwick.
1689. Wilts. Margareta Young condemned but reprieved. Christiana Dunne acquitted. Inderwick.
1690. Taunton, Somerset. Elizabeth Farrier (Carrier), Margaret Coombes and Ann Moore committed. Coombes died in prison at Brewton. The other two acquitted at the assizes. Inderwick; Baxter, Certainty of the World of Spirits , 74-75.
1692. Wilts. Woman committed. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , Various , I, 160.
1693. Suffolk. Widow Chambers of Upaston committed, died in gaol. Hutchinson, Historical Essay concerning Witchcraft , 42.
1693-94. Devonshire. Dorothy Case acquitted on three indictments. Inderwick.
1693-94. Devonshire. Katherine Williams acquitted. Inderwick.
1694. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. Mother Munnings of Hartis acquitted. Hutchinson, op. cit. , 43.
1694. Somerset. Action brought against three men for swimming Margaret Waddam. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , Various , I, 160.
1694. Ipswich, Suffolk. Margaret Elnore acquitted. Hutchinson, 44.
1694. Kent. Ann Hart of Sandwich convicted, but went free under a general act of pardon. W. Boys, Collections for an History of Sandwich , 718.
1694-95. Devonshire. Clara Roach acquitted. Inderwick.
1695. Launceston, Cornwall. Mary Guy or Daye acquitted. Hutchinson, 44-45; Inderwick gives the name as Maria Daye (or Guy) and puts the trial in Devonshire in 1696.
1696. Devonshire. Elizabeth Horner acquitted on three indictments, Hutchinson, 45; Inderwick. See also letter from sub-dean Blackburne to the Bishop of Exeter in Brand, Popular Antiquities (ed. of 1905), II, 648-649.
1698-99. Wilts. Ruth Young acquitted. Inderwick.
1700. Dorset. Anne Grantly and Margaretta Way acquitted. Inderwick.
1700-10. Lancashire. A woman of Chowbent searched and committed. Died before the assizes. MS. quoted by Harland and Wilkinson, Lancashire Folk-Lore (London, 1867), 207; also E. Baines, Lancaster , II, 203.
1701. Southwark. Sarah Morduck, who had been before acquitted at Guildford, and who had unsuccessfully appealed to a justice in London against her persecutor, tried and acquitted. Hutchinson, 46. The Tryal of Richard Hathaway (1702); A Full and True Account of the Apprehending and Taking of Mrs. Sarah Moordike (1701); A short Account of the Trial held at Surry Assizes, in the Borough of Southwark (1702). See above, app. A, � 7.
1701. Kingston, Surrey. Woman acquitted. Notes and Queries (April 10, 1909), quoting from the London Post of Aug. 1-4, 1701.
1701-02. Devonshire. Susanna Hanover acquitted. Inderwick.
1702-03. Wilts. Joanna Tanner acquitted. Inderwick.
1704. Middlesex. Sarah Griffiths committed to Bridewell. A Full and True Account ... of a Notorious Witch (London, 1704).
1705. Northampton. Two women said to have been burned here. Story improbable. See above, appendix A, � 10.
1707. Somerset. Maria Stevens acquitted. Inderwick.
1712. Hertford. Jane Wenham condemned, but reprieved. See footnotes to chapter XIII and app. A, � 9.
1716. Huntingdon. Two witches, a mother and daughter, said to have been executed here. Story improbable. See above, app. A, � 10.
1717. Leicester. Jane Clark and her daughter said to have been tried. Leicestershire and Rutland Notes and Queries , I, 247.
1717. Leicester. Mother Norton and her daughter acquitted. Brit. Mus., Add. MSS., 35,838, fol. 404. [420]
I am unwilling to close this work without an expression of my gratitude to the libraries, on both sides of the sea, which have so generously welcomed me to the use of their books and pamphlets on English witchcraft—many of them excessively rare and precious. They have made possible this study. My debt is especially great to the libraries of the British Museum and of Lambeth Palace at London, to the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and in America to the Boston Athen�um and to the university libraries of Yale and Harvard. To the unrivalled White collection at Cornell my obligation is deepest of all.
[1] The references in this list, together with the account, in appendix A, of the pamphlet literature of witchcraft, are designed to take the place of a formal bibliography. That the list of cases here given is complete can hardly be hoped. Crude though its materials compel it to be, the author believes it may prove useful. He hopes in the course of time to make it more complete, and to that end will gladly welcome information respecting other trials.
Abbot, George, Archbishop of Canterbury, 141 n. , 233 - 234
Abbott, Alice, 132 n.
Abingdon, 27 , 347 , 387
Account of the ... Proceedings ... in the Old Baily , cited, 416
Acts of the Privy Council , cited, 26 n. , 28 n. , 30 n. , 347 , 384 , 385 , 388 , 390
Adams, W. H. Davenport, cited, 188 n. , 376
Adamson, Francis, 409
Addison, Joseph, 340 - 341
Ady, Thomas, 238 , 241 - 242 , 310 . Cited, 180 , 184 n. , 225 n. , 404
Agrippa, Cornelius, 62
Aikin, Lucy, cited, 143 n.
Aldeburgh, 182 , 183 , 191 n. , 193 , 200 n. , 405
Alene, case of, 13
Alfred the Great, 2
Allen, Joan, 408 , 414
Alnwick, 390 , 408
Altham, Sir James, 112 , 113 , 125
Anderson, Sir Edmund, 51 , 56 n. , 78 , 84 , 102 , 350 , 354 , 355
Andrews, William, cited, 137 n. , 396
Anne, Princess of Denmark, her marriage to James I, 94
Annual Register , cited, 141 n. , 398
Arch�ologia , cited, 10 n. , 391
Arch�ologia Cantiana , cited, 21 n. , 29 n. , 385 , 389 , 392 , 393
Archer, John, 273 , 282 ; conducts Cox trial, 260 - 261
Armstrong, Ann, 281 - 282 , 415
Arnold, Mother, 386
Ashmole, Elias, cited, 216 , 365 , 408
Ashmolean Museum, at Oxford, 216
Ashton, John, cited, 188 n. , 351 , 366 , 376
Ashwell, John, 7
Aspine, Martha, 107
Assembly, the witch. See Sabbath
Assheton, R., 158 n. , 401
Atcheson, Isabell, 413
Aubrey, John, his credulity, 306 . Cited, 162 n. , 212 n. , 365 , 402 , 410
Audley, vicar of, 326
Autobiography of Edward Underhill , cited, 13 n.
Avery, "Master," 110 , 130 - 132 , 357 , 384
B., R. See Burton, Richard .
Bacon, Francis, 246 - 247 . Cited, 246 n. , 247 n.
Baddeley, Richard, 141 n. , 142 n. , 359
Bailey, Frances, 412
Bailey, the Old, 108 n.
Baines, Edward, cited, 147 n. , 149 n. , 150 n. , 158 n. , 392 , 401 , 419
Baker, Alexander, 154
Baker, Anne, 133 n. , 399
Baker, J. B., cited, 409
Baker, Joan, of Devizes, 217 , 409
Baker, Joan, of Exeter, 409
Baker, Mother, 59 - 60
Bakewell, affair of, 137 , 384 , 396
Baldock, 417
Bamfield, Ellen, 389
Bamford, James, 353
Bancroft, Richard, as Bishop of London, 84 - 89 ; as Archbishop of Canterbury, 88 n. , 89 , 233 , 346 , 353
Bangor, Bishop of, 397
Barber, Mary, 383
Bark, Ellen, 394 [422]
Barking, 386
Barlowe, wife of John, 401
Barnet, 392
Barringer, Joan, 390
Barrow, Dr., of Cambridge, 47
Barrow, Isaac, 308 and n. , 311
Barrow, James, 256 - 237
Barrow, John, 256
Bartell, Elizabeth, 389
Bartham, Doll, 350
Bartham, Oliffe, 394
Bartle, Barbara, 410
Barton, 404
Barton, Elizabeth, the "Holy Maid of Kent," 58
Basel, 15 n.
Bastard, Alice, 402
Batcombe, 34 , 236
Bate, William, 397
Bates, Dr., cited, 337 n.
Bateson, Mary, cited, 392
Bath and Wells, Bishop of, 162 n.
Bath and Wells, chancellor of the Bishop of, 235
Baxter, Richard, 196 , 316 , 336 - 339 . Cited, 216 n. , 337 n. , 409 , 418
Beaumont, John, 336 , 339 . Cited, 273 n. , 275 n.
Beaumont, Susan, 407
Beaver, Anne, 400
Bedford, Duchess of, 4 , 9 , 49
Bedford, trials at, no, 117 , 135 - 136 , 383 , 398 , 402 , 404
Bedfordshire, 107 , 115 , 118 , 119 , 179 n. , 187 , 200 n. , 406
Bee, Jesse, 349
Beeman, Elizabeth, 409
Beigel, H., 346
Bekker, Balthazar, 339
Bel and the Dragon, book of, 97
Belcher, Elizabeth, 130 - 132 , 230 , 357 , 384
Belvoir Castle, witchcraft at, 132 - 134
Bennett, Elizabeth, 42 - 43
Bennett, Gervase, 219
Bentham, Thomas, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 15 n.
Bentley, Alice, 394
Benton, George, 411
Benton, Jennet, 411
Beriman, Helen, 387
Berkhampstead, 257
Berks, 387 , 403
Bernard, Richard, 165 , 234 - 236 , 241 , 293 , 303 n. , 361 , 401 . Cited, 398
Berrye, Agnes, 384 , 399
Berwick, 201 , 206 , 207 , 209 , 252 n. , 253 , 391 , 393 , 407
Beverley, 410
Bexwell, Rosa, 52 n. , 394
Bibb, Joan, 412
Bill, Arthur, 106 - 107 , 132 n. , 383
Bilson, boy of. See Bilston
Bilson, Thomas, Bishop of Winchester, 234
Bilston, boy of, 140 , 141 - 142 , 151 , 152 , 323 , 400
Binkes, Anne, 192 n. , 404
Bishop Burton, 394
Bishop's Cannings, 413
Blackburne, Launcelot, 321 , 418
Blackmail, charge of, 149 , 153
Blagrave, Joseph, cited, 414
Blomefield, Francis, cited, 412
Bodenham, Anne, trial of, 210 - 213 , 363 , 410
Bodine (Bodin), 69 n.
Bodmin, 405
Bohemia, Queen of, 158
Bokes-wharfe, 394
Bolingbroke, Roger, 8 , 9
Boram, mother and daughter, 411
Boram, wife of, 385
Boreham of Sudbury, 404
Bottesford, 134 n.
Boulton, Richard, 336 , 339 - 340 , 348
Bourne, John, 390
Bovet, Richard, 303 and n.
Bower, Edmond, 212 , 216 , 364 , 365
Bowes, Lady, 356
Bowes, Sir Thomas, 167 n.
Boxe, Grace, 410
Boyle, Sir Robert, 337 and n. ; opinions of, 305 - 306 and n.
Boys, the Rev. Mr., 331 - 332
Boys, William, cited 401 , 403 , 418 [423]
Bracton, cited, 128 n.
Bradley, Alice, 396
Bradwell, Stephen, cited, 395
Bragge, Francis, 325 - 336 , 373 - 375
Bramford, 404
Branche, Anne, 399
Brand, John, cited, 208 n. , 321 n. , 407
Brandeston, 175 , 179 n. , 379
Braynford, 392
Brerely, Alice, 393
Brereton, Sir William, 158 . Cited, 158 n.
Brewton, 418
Bridewell, 419
Bridge, widow, 414
Bridgeman, Henry, Bishop of Chester, 152 - 157 , 402
Bridges, Agnes, 30 n. , 59 , 88 n. , 351
Brightling, 282
Brinley, John, 303
Bristol, 118 , 392 , 400
Britannicus, 252
Britton, 5 , 6 . Cited, 128
Brome, Richard, 159 , 244 , 306
Bromley, Sir Edward, 113 , 125 , 134
Brooks, Jane, 221 , 222 , 411
Brown, Agnes, trial of, 35 , 36 , 110 , 115 , 357 , 384
Brown, Joan, 130 , 131 , 132 , 357
Browne, Margaret, 386
Browne, P., cited, 406
Browne, Richard, 183 n.
Browne, Sir Thomas, 266 - 267 , 305 , 311
Broxbourn, 412
Bruen, Philippa, 415
Bruff, Martha, 405
Brumley, Dorothy, 406
Bucer, Martin, 15 n. , 88 n.
Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of, 134 n.
Buckinghamshire, 74 , 388 , 415
Bulcock, Jane and John, 383
Bull, Edmund, 401 , 402
Bullinger, 15 n.
Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, 19 n. , 25 n. , 27
Burman, Charles, cited, 216 n.
Burnet, Bishop Gilbert, 248 n. Cited, 268 n.
Burnham-Ulpe, 356
Burntwood, 386
Burr, George L., cited, 3 n.
Burthogge, Richard, 340 . Cited, 218 n. , 409
Burton, Richard ("R. B."), 339 n. Cited, 395 , 403
Burton, Robert, 245
Burton, boy of, named by Ben Jonson, 92 . See also Darling, Thomas
Burton-upon-Trent, 76 , 85 , 392
Bury, Thomas, 380
Bury St. Edmunds, 177 - 181 , 192 , 194 , 200 , 204 , 261 - 267 , 305 , 321 , 361 , 378 , 379 , 393 , 394 , 404 , 411 , 413 , 418
Bush, of Barton, 404
Buske, Mother, 385
Butcher, Elizabeth, 389
Butler's Hudibras on Matthew Hopkins, 165 , 194
Butts, Joan, trial of, 277 , 416
Byett, William, 46 n.
Byles, Andrew, 35
Byrom, Margaret, 52
Bysack, of Waldingfield, 404
Calamy, Edmund, the elder, 178
Calendar of Patent Rolls , cited, 7 n.
Calendar of the Proceedings of the Committee for the Advance of Money , cited, 164 n.
Calendars of State Papers , cited, 26 n. and passim
Calvin, 64 , 65 , 87 n.
Cambridge, 139 , 179 n. , 279 , 396
Cambridge University, 48 , 89 , 228 , 229 , 235 , 238 , 276 , 374 ; Queen's College, 143 , 348 ; Christ's College, 227 ; Emmanuel College, 228 n. ; Trinity College, 308
Cambridgeshire, 111 , 184 , 200 n. , 331 , 405 , 406 , 416
Camfield, Andrew, 399
Camfield, Benjamin, 303 , 307 [424]
Canterbury, 201 , 255 , 385 , 386 , 412
Canterbury, Archbishop of. See Warham, William ; Cranmer, Thomas ; Parker, Matthew ; Grindall, Edmund ; Whitgift, John ; Bancroft, Richard ; Abbot, George
Carbury, John, Earl of, 339 n.
Cariden, Joan, 201 n. , 405
Carnarvon, 118 , 397
Carr, Robert, 232
Carrier, Elizabeth, 418
Carrington, John, 317 , 319 n. , 372
Carshoggil, laird of, 96
Carter, Richard, 170 n.
Casaubon, Meric, 238 - 240 , 293 - 299 , 307 . Cited, 240 n. , 293 n. , 294 n. , 403
Cason, Joan, trial of, 54 , 390
Castleton, 393
Cecil, William, Lord Burghley. See Burghley
Celles, Cystley, 45
Certaine Informations , cited, 403
Chalmers, Alexander, cited, 328 n.
Chamberlain, letter of, 115 n.
Chambers, widow, 418
Chandler, Alice, case of, 38 n. , 385
Chandler, Elizabeth, 187 n.
Chandler, Mary, 185
Chandler, R., 212
Chandos, daughter of Lady, 385
Chapbook, the witch, 33
Chard, 221 , 411
Charles I, 146 , 152 , 154 , 158 , 161 , 199 , 234 , 323 ; growth of skepticism as to witches in his reign, 162 - 163
Charles II, 248 , 254 , 262 , 276 , 306 ; witchcraft in his reign, 255
Charlewood, J., 350
Chatterish, 406
Chattox, Anne, 109 , 121 - 122 , 126 n. , 127 , 383
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 89
Chauncy, Arthur, 327
Chauncy, Sir Henry, 324 , 326 , 375
Chelmsford, 34 - 41 , 43 , 46 , 166 - 174 , 178 , 188 n. , 200 , 204 , 346 , 363 , 376 , 378 , 385 , 387 , 390 , 400 , 403 ; trials of 1566 at, 34 - 38 , 385 ; trials of 1579 at, 38 - 40 , 387 ; trials of 1589 at, 40 , 390 ; trials of 1645 at, 166 - 174 , 403
Cherrie, of Thrapston, case of, 184 - 185
Cheshire, 118 , 232 n.
Chester, Bishop of. See Bridgeman, Henry
Chettell, "Mistress," 385
Chettle, Anne, 218 , 408
Chichester, Bishop of, 12 . See also Harsnett, Samuel
Chinting, 387
Chishull, the Rev. Mr., 328
Chittam, Henry, 387
Chowbent, 419
Christ's College, Cambridge, 227
Chronicon Mirabile , cited, 208 n. , 407
Church, the trials for sorcery under, 6 - 8 ; statute of Henry VIII not aimed to limit, 10 ; state ready to reclaim jurisdiction from, 24 ; penalties under, 28 , 30 ; gradual transfer to state of witchcraft cases, 30 - 31
Clarke, of Keiston, 185 - 186
Clarke, Ann, 415 , 417
Clarke, Elizabeth, 166 - 175
Clarke, Helen, 169
Clarke, Jane, 141 - 142 , 419
Clarke, Sir Robert, 54
Clarke, Samuel, cited, 177 , 307 , 361 , 404 , 412
Clarke, William, his letter to Speaker Lenthall, 225 n.
Clarkson, Mary, 416
Clerkenwell, 389
Cleves, Pepper, 397 , 410
Cleworth, 52 , 149 n.
Clinton, Lord, 12
Clouues, William, 24 n.
Clutterbuck, Robert, cited, 328 n.
Cobbett, William, cited, 102 n.
Cobham, Eleanor, Duchess of Gloucester, 4 , 8
Cobham, Lord, 12 [425]
Cock, Susan, 362 , 376
Cocwra, Samuel, 387
Coke, Sir Edward, 102 , 152 , 228 . Cited, 128 n. , 396
Colchester, 388 , 389 , 391 , 408
Cole, Henry, Jewel's controversy with, 16 n.
Cole, Thomas, 34 , 346
Coleman, John, 388
Collection of Modern Relations , 279 , 339 n. Cited, 146 n. , 181 n. , 402 , 406 , 407 , 413
Collingham, 393
Coman, widow, case of, 331 - 332
Commission of Oyer and Terminer, 178 , 192 , 200
Committee of Both Kingdoms, 200
Commons' Journal , cited, 17 n. , 103 n.
Conyers, Robert, 411
Cooke, Elizabeth, 397
Cooke, Mother, 392
Coombes, Margaret, 418
Cooper, C. H. and T., cited, 356
Cooper, John, 82 n.
Cooper, Thomas, 227 , 231 - 232 , 242 . Cited, 398 , 401
Corbet, 413
Corbolt. See Godbolt
Cornwall, 217 , 218 , 221 , 224 , 254 , 276 - 277 , 279 , 320 , 388 , 405 , 409 , 415 , 416 , 417 , 418
Cornwall, Henry, 170 n.
Cosyn, Edmund, 25
Cotta, John, 227 , 229 - 231 , 235 , 237 , 243 . Cited, 130 n. , 230 n. , 231 n.
Cotton, William, cited, 217 n. , 221 n. , 224 n. , 409 , 410 , 411
Council of State, 215 , 219 , 225 , 226
Council Register , cited, 152 n. , 154 n. , 155 n.
"Countess" (Margaret Russel), 400
County Folk Lore, Suffolk , cited, 165 n. , 176 n. , 179 n. , 194 n. , 392 , 404
Court of High Commission, 84 , 86 - 87
Coventry, 232 n. , 400
Coventry and Lichfield, Bishop of. See Bentham, Thomas
Coverdale, Miles, 15 n.
Coverley, Sir Roger de, 341
Cowper, Earl and Countess of, 328 n.
Cox, John Charles, cited, 137 n. , 219 n. , 324 n. , 396
Cox, Julian, trial of, 260 - 261 , 273 , 282 , 292 , 310 , 413
Cox, Richard, 15 n.
Coxe, Francis, trial of, 31 n. , 351 , 385
Cranbourne, Viscount, 115 n. , 396
Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 12 , 58 n.
Crearey, Elizabeth, 400
Creeting, 404
Cricke, 404
Criminal Chronology of York Castle , cited, 224
Cromwell, Sir Henry, 48 , 50
Cromwell, Lady, 48
Cromwell, Oliver, 48 n. , 207 , 212 n. , 215 , 219 , 226 , 237 n. , 275
Cromwell, Richard, 220 , 226
Cromwell, Thomas, 19
Crosse, Diana, 223 - 224 , 410
Crossley, Elizabeth, 406 , 411
Crossley, James, cited, 124 n. , 147 n. , 357 , 380
Crouch, Nathaniel, 339 n.
Crump, Hannah, 257
Cruther, Joseph, 282
Cudworth, Ralph, 307
Cullender, Rose, 262 , 310 , 413
Culpepper, Nicholas, 403
Cumberland, 220 , 224 , 225 , 407
Cunny, Joan, 347
Curry, Katharine, 413
Cushman, L. W., cited, 244 n.
Damages awarded accused, 324
Danvers, Sir John, 215
Darcy, Brian, 41 , 42 , 44 n. , 45 , 46 n. , 348
Darling, Thomas, 76 - 78 , 80 , 85 [426]
Darrel, John, 74 - 87 , 92 , 138 , 255 , 315 , 349 , 352 - 356 . Cited, 391 , 392 , 393 , 394
Davenport, John, 187 n. , 362
Daventry, 251
Davies, J. S., cited, 8 n.
Davis, Ralph, 375 , 382
Daye, Mary, 418
Daye, Susannah, 416
Deacon, John, 353 , 354
Dee, John, 52 - 53 , 79
Deir, Mrs., 390
Dekker, Thomas, 244 . Cited, 112 n. , 359
Del Rio, 234
Demdike, Old (Elizabeth Southerns), 121 - 128
Denham, 74 n.
Denham, Sir John, 235
Denham Tracts , cited, 30 n. , 219 n. , 389 , 390 , 407
Denison, John, 78 n. , 349
Denton, 360
Derby, Archdeacon of, 83
Derby, Earl of, 392
Derbyshire, 52 , 81 , 118 , 137 , 219 , 324 , 390 , 392 , 396 , 407
Descartes, 238
Devell, Mother, 28 n.
Device, Alizon, 111 n. , 384
Device, Elizabeth, 108 n. , 122 - 126 , 383
Device, James, 126 - 127 , 383
Device, Jennet, 113 , 126 - 127
Devizes, 217 , 409 , 414
Devonshire, 254 , 277 , 409 , 414 - 419
Dewse, Mrs., 390
Diary, A, or an Exact Journall , cited, 174 n.
Dickonson, Frances, 147 , 152 - 160
Dilby, Doll, 413
Distribution of witchcraft, 118 - 119 , 146 , 224 , 254 - 255
Doctrine of Devils, The , 296 - 297 , 302 n.
Dodgson, Nathan, 256
Dodson, Jane, 416
Doncaster, 396
Dorrington, Doctor, 50 n.
Dorset, 385 , 390 , 417 , 419
Dorset, Marquis of, 12
Drage, William, 367 . Cited, 256 - 258 n. , 279 n. , 402 , 408 , 417
Drew, widow, 403
Ducke, Elizabeth, 386
Dugdale, Richard, 315 - 320 , 329 , 373
Duncane, Geillis, torture of, 95
Dungeon, Mother, 386
Dunne, Christiana, 418
Duny, Amy, trial of, 262 - 267 , 310 , 413
Durham, 119 , 146 , 210 , 218 , 219 n. , 388 , 389 , 395 , 401 , 407 , 409 , 414 , 415
Durham, Bishop of, 12 ; his Injunctions, cited, 388
Durham, Depositions ... from the Court of , cited, 21 n. , 29 n. , 385
Durham, vicar-general of the Bishop of, 117
Dutten, Mother, 28 n.
E., T., "Maister of Art," 388
Earle, Katherine, 223 , 410
East Anglia, 51 , 119 , 184 , 197 , 255
Eburye, Elizabeth, 414
Eckington, 390
Edlingham, 416
Edmonds, Mr., 235 n.
Edmonton, 108 , 112 , 136 n. , 383 , 391 , 400
Edward I, 6
Edward IV, 4 , 9
Edward VI, 12 , 88
Edwards, Richard, 169 - 170
Edwards, Susanna, 271 - 272 , 368 - 369 , 416
Elford, Johanna, 415
Elizabeth, 35 - 92 , 93 ; number of executions in her reign compared with number under James, 105 - 106 ; spectral evidence in her reign, 110 ; distribution of witch cases, 118
Ellyse, Joan, 386 [427]
Elnore, Margaret, 418
Ely, 189 , 279 , 406 , 416
Ely, Bishop of, 12 , 15 n. , 234
Emerson, a priest, 387
Emerson, Ann, 388
Emott, Isabel, 410
Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 228 n.
Endor, witch of, Scot's explanation of, 62 ; Filmer's explanation of, 241 ; Muggleton's explanation of, 295 ; Webster's explanation of, 298
Enfield, 384 , 393 , 399
Enger, Master, 110 - 111 , 117 , 118 and n. , 135 - 136
Essex, 26 , 41 , 70 n. , 90 n. , 119 , 146 , 158 , 166 - 174 , 192 , 195 , 228 n. , 331 - 332 , 337 , 385 , 387 , 388 , 389 , 390 , 391 , 394 , 403 , 408
Essex, Countess of, 144 n. , 232 - 234
Essex, Earl of, 234
Ettrick, Anthony, 365
Evans, Katharine, 411
Evesham, 409
Exeter, 31 n. , 216 , 221 , 223 , 270 - 272 , 278 , 320 - 321 , 409 , 410 , 411
Exeter, Bishop of, 418
Exeter College, Oxford, 285
Eye, witch of, 4
F., H., 172 , 361
Fairclough, Samuel, 166 n. , 177 , 178
Fairfax, Edward, 111 , 144 - 145 , 249 - 250 , 358 , 359 . Cited, 102 n. , 142 n. , 250 n. , 395 , 400
Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 360
Faithful Scout, The , cited, 213 n. , 216 , 365 , 408
Falmouth, 415
Farbrother, J. E., cited, 411
Farington Papers , cited, 155 n.
Farnworth, Richard, 240 n.
Farrier, Elizabeth, 118
Faversham, 54 , 201 , 390 , 405
Female juries, 108 , 113 , 171 , 264 , 271 , 279 , 330
Fenner, Edward, in Warboys trials, 49 - 50
Fenwick, Elizabeth, 279 , 416
Ferris, Sibilla, 393
Fian, Dr., 94 - 96
Filmer, Sir Robert, 238 , 241 . Cited, 241 n.
Finchingfield, 228 n.
Finchley, 399
Fisher, Katharine, 406
Fisherton-Anger, 211 , 410
Fishwick, cited, 372
Fize, Henry, 388
Flagellum D�monum , 79 n.
Flower, Joan and her daughters (Margaret and Philippa), case of, 115 , 119 n. , 132 - 134 , 383 , 399
Fludd, Robert, 286
Foljambe, Mrs. See Bowes, Lady
Folk Lore Journal, The , cited, 24 n. , 401
Folkestone, 386
Ford, John, 359
Fortescue, Sir Anthony, case of, 25
Fortescue, Sir John, 34 , 346
"Foscue, Master." See Fortescue, Sir John
Fossett, Temperance, 409
Foster, Ann, trial of, 282 , 415
Fowles, Susanna, case of, 323 n.
Foxcroft, H. C., cited, 341 n.
France, Hester, 408
Francis, Elizabeth, her two trials, 35 - 40 , 385
Francis, Mother, 400 , 401
Frankfort, 15 n.
Frankland, Richard, 316 , 319
Fraunces, Margaret, 394
Free, Goody, 412
Freeman, Alice, 84 , 393
Freeman, Mary, 83
French Intelligencer , cited, 213 n. , 215 n. , 408
Fulham, 411
Fuller, John, cited, 207 n. , 407 [428]
Fuller, Thomas, cited, 90 n. , 139 n. , 140 n. , 143 , 144
Fustis D�monum , cited, 79 n.
Gabley, Mother, 389
Gaddesden, Little, 256
Gairdner, James, cited, 9 n.
Gallis, Richard, 347
Gardiner, Mr. and Mrs., 324
Gardiner, the Rev. Mr., 375
Gardiner, Catherine, 132 n.
Gardiner, Ralph, cited, 208 , 209 n. , 407
Gargrave, 410
Garve, Mother, 387
Gaskin, Emmy, 414
Gateshead, 210 , 219 n. , 407
Gaule, John, 165 , 174 - 175 , 186 - 187 , 192 , 196 , 236 - 237 , 241 , 242
Gee, John, cited, 139 n.
Geneva, 14 , 15 , 87 n. , 233
Gentleman's Magazine , cited, 95 n. , 143 n. , 160 n. , 269 n. , 279 n. , 359 , 367 , 389 , 396 , 401 , 412 , 413 , 415 , 417
Gerard, Sir Gilbert, 34 , 346
Gerish, W. B., cited, 375
Gibbons, A., cited, 189 n. , 406
Gibson, "Coz.," 222
Gifford, George, 54 , 57 n. , 70 - 72 , 242 , 243 . Cited, 390 , 394 , 395
Gill, Helena, 390
Gilston, 328 n.
Gilston, Matthew, 335
Gisborough, 411
Glance of a witch, instances of, 111 , 112 , 135
Glanvill, Joseph, 101 , 196 n. , 238 , 273 - 276 , 285 - 293 , 297 , 299 , 300 , 303 , 306 , 307 , 309 , 310 , 314 , 327 , 336 , 337 . Cited, 221 n. , 222 n. , 251 n. , 260 n. , 308 n. , 405 , 408 , 411 , 413
Globe theatre, The, 159
Gloucester, 208 , 407
Gloucester, Duchess of, 4 , 8
Gloucester, Richard of, 9
Glover, Mary, 138 , 355 , 395
Glover, Stephen, cited, 396
Godbolt, John, 178 , 192
Godfrey, Agnes, 393 , 397
Goldsmith, Mr., 332
"Good Witches," 21 - 27 , 29 , 220 , 229 , 259 - 260
Goodcole, Henry, 112 , 359
Gooderidge, Alse, 76 - 78 , 349 , 392
Gooding, Elizabeth, 169 - 170
Gough, Richard, 375
Goulding, R. W., cited, 396 , 401
Gordon, Rev. Alexander, cited, 317 n. , 319 n.
Grainge, William, 360
Grame, Margaret, 391
"Grantam's curse," 88
Grantly, Anne, 419
Great Staughton, 186 - 187
"Great T.," "Mother W. of," 395
Great Yarmouth, 181 , 386 . See also Yarmouth
Greedie, Joan, 401
Green, Ellen, 399
Greene, Anne, 410
Greene, Ellen, 133 n.
Greenleife, Mary (of Alresford), 170 - 171
"Greenliefe of Barton," 404
Greenslet, Ferris, cited, 286 n.
Greenwel, Thomas, 371
Greenwich, 154
Grevell, Margaret, 44
Griffiths, Sarah, 419
Grimes, Mr., 332
Grimston, Sir Harbottle, 167 n.
Grindall, Edmund, Bp. of London, then Abp. of Canterbury, 15 n.
Guildford, 322
Guilford, Baron. See Francis North
Gunpowder Plot, 123 , 232
Gurney, Elizabeth, 406
Guy, Mary, 418
Gyngell, Margaret, 225 , 410
Habakkuk, transportation of, 97
Hackett, Margaret, 390
Hackney, 415
Haigh, 414 [429]
Hale, Sir Matthew, 67 , 261 - 268 , 283 , 304 , 321 , 334 , 336 , 337 , 339 n. , 367
Hale, William H., cited, 10 n. , 21 n. , 22 n. , 29 n. , 385
Halifax, Marquis of, opinion of, 341
Hall, John, 352
Hall, Joseph, Bishop, 180
Hall, Mary, 256 , 257
Halliwell-Phillips, J. O., 142 n. , 306 n.
Hallybread, Rose, 362 , 376
Hallywell, Henry, 303 and n. , 304 , 307
Hamilton, A. H. A., cited, 417
Hammer, 404
Hammersmith, case at, 323 n.
Hammond, of Westminster, 402
Hampstead, 396 , 398
Hampton Court, 13
Handford, Abigail, 418
Hanover, Susanna, 419
Hansen, J., cited, 3 n.
Harington, Sir John, 140 n.
Harland and Wilkinson, cited, 419
Harmondsworth, 386
Harris, Alice, 132 n.
Harris, Eleonora, 417
Harris, Elizabeth, 201 n.
Harris, Marie, 417
Harris, Susannah, 419
Harrison, Mr., 44
Harrison, Henry, 388
Harrison, Johanna, of Royston, 108 - 109 , 111 , 135 , 383 , 396
Harrison, Margaret, 356
Harrison, William, 367
Harrod, H., cited, 182 n. , 386 , 389 , 390 , 405
Harrogate, 360
Harrow, Weald, 390
Harsnett, Samuel, later Abp. of York, 12 , 51 , 85 - 92 , 138 , 227 , 233 , 349 , 353 - 356 . Cited, 390 - 393
Hart, Anne, 418
Hart, Prudence, 170
Hart Hall, Oxford, 57
Hartis, 418
Hartley, Edmund, 52 , 79 - 80 , 392
Harvey, Gabriel, 69 n.
Harvey, Joane, 400
Harvey, Thomas, 411
Harvey, William, 154 , 160 - 162
Harwood, Goodwife, 256
Hatfield Peverel, 41
Hathaway, Richard, 322 - 324 , 371
Hathericke, Sara, 401
Hatsell, Sir Henry, 323
Haverhill, 404
Hazlitt, W. C., cited, 350 - 352 , 368
Heddenham, 406
Heddon, Margaret, 415
Hele, N. F., cited, 183 n. , 191 n. , 200 n. , 405
Hemloke, Sir Henry, 324
Hempstead, 404
Hengler, Elizabeth, 417
Henry IV, 4 , 7
Henry VI, 4 , 7
Henry VIII, 20 , 30 , 58 n. See also Statutes .
Heptenstall, 406
Herbert, Sir Edward, 311 n.
Herd, Annis, 44 , 388
Hereford, Bishop of, 12 , 15 n.
Hertford, trials at 134 - 135 , 314 , 324 - 330 , 383 , 394 , 396 , 419
Hertfordshire, 118 , 367 , 374 , 391 , 392 , 408 , 412 , 414 , 417
Hertfordshire County Sessions, Rolls , cited, 21 n. , 221 n. , 391 , 412 , 414
Hewitt, Katherine, 383
Heylyn, Peter, cited, 143 n.
Heyrick, Robert, 141 , 398
Heywood, Oliver, 256 , 307 , 316 , 319 . Cited, 416
Heywood, Thomas, 306 n. ; play of, 158 - 159 ; opinions expressed in play of, 244 - 245 . Cited, 244 n.
Hicke, Mr., 379
Hinchcliffe, Joseph, 416
Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports , cited, 114 n. , and passim thereafter
Hitcham, 404 [430]
Hitchin, 367
Hoarstones, 148 , 156
Hobart, Sir Henry, 134
Hobbes, Thomas, 241 , 246 - 249 , 291 , 307
Holborn, 393 , 398
Hole, Elizabeth, case of, 324
Holinshed, cited, 54 - 55 , 59 n. , 350 , 387 , 388 , 390
Holland, Henry, 72 n.
Hollingsworth, A. G., cited, 183 n. , 404
Holt, Sir John, 267 ; nullified statute of James I; gave repeated acquittals, 320 - 323 ; his ruling on the water ordeal, 332
Homes, Nathaniel, opinions of, 240 . Cited, 240 n.
Hooke, William, 45 n.
Hopkins, James, 164
Hopkins, Matthew, 164 - 205 , 339 , 376 , 378
Hopwood, Mr., 79 n.
Horner, Elizabeth, 321 - 322 , 418
Hott, Jane, 201 n. , 405
Houghton, Lord, 359
Housegoe, Elizabeth, 393
Howard, Henry, later Earl of Northampton, 352
Howell, James, 180 , 195 , 245
Howell, T. B. and T. J., cited, 116 n. , 144 n. , 233 n.
Howsell, Anne, 405
Howson, Helen, 406
Hubbard, Elizabeth, 404
Huddersfield, 408
Hudson, Ann, 407
Hughes, Lewis, 355 , 395
Hulton, John, 209
Humphrey, of Gloucester, Duke, 8
Hunnam, Anne, 409
Hunniman, Joice, 162 n. , 402
Hunt, widow, 45 n.
Hunt, Joan, 383 , 398
Hunt, Robert, 260 , 273 , 411 , 413
Hunter, Joseph, cited, 92 n. , 256 n. , 413
Huntingdon, 49 - 51 , 185 n. , 200 n. , 237 n. , 314 n. , 348 , 362 , 375 , 383 , 419
Huntingdonshire, 47 - 51 , 185 - 187 , 192 , 236 , 348 , 375 - 383 , 405
Huson, Alice, 413
Hutchinson, Francis, 175 , 195 - 198 , 313 , 321 , 331 , 340 - 343 , 355 , 375 , 380 , 381 . Cited, 11 n. , 179 n. , 321 - 323 n. , 328 n. , 395 , 411 , 413 , 416 , 418
Huxley, Catherine, 216 , 409
Ilkeston, 407
Images, alleged use of in witchcraft, 6 , 59 - 60 , 109 - 110 , 125 - 127
Incendiarism ascribed to witchcraft, 282 - 283 , 333
Inderwick, F. A., cited, 201 n. , 225 n. , 226 n. , 268 n. , 269 n. , 270 n. , 311 n. , 333 , 376 , 410 , 414 - 419
Ipswich, 164 , 175 , 182 , 320 , 394 , 405 , 414 , 417 , 418
Jackson, Elizabeth, 138 , 355 , 395
James I, 69 , 90 n. , 93 - 119 , 130 , 132 , 134 , 137 - 145 , 146 , 165 , 189 , 203 , 227 , 228 , 229 n. , 232 , 234 , 241 - 242 , 247 , 250 , 254 , 255 , 260 , 267 , 276 , 312 , 314 , 331 . His Scottish experience, 93 - 96 ; his D�monologie , 97 - 101 ; his statute and its effect, 101 - 109 ; distribution of witchcraft in his realm, 118 - 119 ; his changing attitude, 138 - 145
James II, 308
James, G. P. R., cited, 340 n. , 342 n.
Jeffreys, George, Baron, 311 n.
Jeffries, Anne, 405
Jenkinson, Helen, 383
Jennings, Lady, 400
Jeopardy, neglect of legal restriction on, 128 and n. , 145 n.
Jewel, John, Bishop of Salisbury, 15 - 17
Joan of Arc, 230 [431]
Johnson, Margaret, 154 , 156 , 157 , 159
Johnson, W. S., cited, 244 n.
Johnstone, James, 341
Jollie, Thomas, 316 - 319 , 329 , 372 - 373
Jones, J. O., cited, 164 n. , 181 n. , 182 n. , 188 n.
Jonson, Ben, 91 - 92 , 244 , 387
Jordan, Jane, 393
Jorden, Dr. Edward, 138 , 355 , 395
Jourdemain, Margery, 7 - 9
Jurdie, Jone, 396
Keiston, 185
Kelly, William, cited, 141 n. , 398
Kelyng, Sir John, 265 , 267 , 305
Kemp, Ursley, trial of, 41 , 43
Kennet, Elizabeth, 412
Kent, 21 n. , 54 , 57 , 60 , 119 , 201 , 255 , 350 , 383 , 385 , 386 , 388 , 389 , 390 , 392 , 393 , 394 , 401 , 403 , 405 , 408 , 412 , 416 , 418
Kent, Holy Maid of. See Barton, Elizabeth
Kerke, Anne, 394
Kerke, Joan, 51
Kidderminster, 412
Kimbolton, 186
King, of Acton, 404
King, Peter, 380
King's Lynn, 54 , 116 - 117 , 183 , 231 , 358 , 384 , 389 , 391 , 393 , 399 , 405
Kingston, 419
Kingston-upon-Hull, 389
Kittredge, G. L., cited, 298 , 301 , 383
Knipp, Agnes and John, 415
Knott, Elizabeth, 208 n. , 407
Knowles, Sir William, 154
Knumerton, Dewnes, 417
Lake, Sir Thomas, 115 n. , 396
Lakeland, Mother, 182 , 200 n. , 381 , 405
Laleham, 387
Lambe, Dr., 211
Lambe, Elizabeth, 410
Lambeth, 354
Lanam, Elizabeth, 408
Lancashire, 52 , 78 - 81 , 92 , 108 - 113 , 115 - 116 , 118 , 120 - 130 , 146 - 160 , 307 , 314 - 319 , 393 , 399 , 402 , 406 , 414 , 416 , 419 ; Starchie affair, 78 - 81 , 92 ; trials of 1612, 120 - 130 ; trials of 1634, 146 - 156 ; Dugdale affair of 1689, 315 - 319
Lancaster, 120 , 151 , 156 , 158 , 171 , 224 , 229 n. , 273 , 383 , 392 , 397 , 401 , 402
Lancaster, chancellor of the Duchy of, 152 n.
Landgate, 414
Landis, Margaret, 362 , 376
Land's End, 217 - 218 , 409
Langton, Walter, 6
Lathom, 402
Latimer, John, cited, 400
Latton, 414
Launceston, 218 n. , 409 , 418
Lavenham, 404
Law, John, 111 n.
Law, T. G., cited, 74 n. , 87 n. , 353
Lawe, Alison, 389
Lea, H. C., his definition of a witch, 4 . Cited, 3 n. , 99 n.
Leach, Jeffrey, 389
Lecky, W. E. H., 196
Lee, Dorothy, 405
Leech, Anne, 170 , 174 , 379
Leeds, 219 , 410
Leepish, 401
Legge, cited, 138 n. , 225 n.
Leicester, 54 , 119 n. , 120 , 140 - 141 , 218 , 330 - 331 , 384 , 392 , 398 , 399 , 402 , 408 , 419
Leicester, Records of the Borough of , cited, 54 n.
Leicestershire, 51 , 118 , 133 n. , 146 , 359 , 397
Leicestershire and Rutland, Notes and Queries , cited, 218 n. , 399 , 402 , 408 , 419
Levingston, Anne, 214
Lichfield, Bishop of (Walter Langton), 6 ; (Thomas Morton), 141 - 142 , 152 [432]
Liebermann, F., cited, 2 n.
Lincoln, 118 , 119 n. , 120 ; trials of 1618-1619, 132 , 383 , 399
Lincoln, Bishop of, 7 , 8 , 12 , 49 , 50
Lincolnshire, 396 , 401
Lingwood, Joan, 389
Linneston, 401
Linton, Mrs. Lynn, cited, 29 n. , 95 n. , 386
Lister, Mr., 111 note , 112 , 129
Little Gaddesden, 256
Liverpool, 414
Lloyd, Temperance, 271 - 272 , 368 - 369 , 416
Lloyd, William, Bishop of Worcester, 340
Lloynd's wife, 150
Lock, John, 408
Locke, John, 340
Lodge, Edmund, cited, 139 n.
Lodge, Sir Oliver, 238
Londesdale, Elizabeth, 401
London, 9 , 25 , 26 , 30 n. , 51 , 59 , 154 , 159 , 160 , 173 , 177 , 210 n. , 216 , 277 - 278 , 309 , 320 , 322 , 323 , 329 , 384 , 385 , 394 , 395 , 399 , 409 , 416
London, Bishop of, 8 , 9 n. , 12 , 30 n. , 84 , 384 , 387 . See also Grindall, E. ; Bancroft, R.
London Post , cited, 419
Long, Sir James, 268
Longwitton, 279 , 416
Lords' Journal , cited, 102 n. , 103 n.
Lord's Prayer, testing of witches by, 40 , 80 , 271 , 282 , 326
Lothbury, 30 n. , 88 n.
Loudon, Elizabeth, 410
Louth, 396 , 401
Low, Goody, 404
Lower, M. A., cited, 386
Lowes, John, case of, 165 n. , 175 - 179 , 197 , 378 , 379
Lowestoft, 262 , 263
Lowndes, cited, 347 , 350 , 359 , 364 , 386 , 390 , 392
Loy, Margaret, 414
Lucas, Hugh, 112
Lucas, Jane, 110 n. , 112
Luther, Martin, attitude of, towards exorcism, 87 n.
Lynn. See King's Lynn
Mackenzie, E., cited, 259 n. , 401 , 416
Mackerell, Benjamin, cited, 391 , 393 , 399 , 405
Mackie, S. J., cited, 386
Magazine of Scandall , cited, 176 n. , 197 n.
Magick, Dorothy, 398
Maidstone, cases at, 215 - 216 , 238 , 241 , 283 , 408 , 412
Maitland, S. R., cited, 353
Malborne, Sir John, book of, 63
Maldon, 41 , 54 , 70 n.
Malking Tower, meeting of witches at, 113 , 123 - 129 , 147 , 148 , 383
Mallory, Lady Elizabeth, 223 , 411
Malmesbury, alarm at, 269 - 270 , 409 , 417
Malter, wife of, 385
Manchester, 79
Manners, Francis, Earl of Rutland, 132 - 134 , 359
Manners, Lord Francis, 133 , 134 n.
Manners, Lord Henry, 134 n.
Manners, Lady Katherine, 134 n.
Manningtree, 164 , 165 , 173 , 193 , 194
Mansfield, 75
Manship, cited, 182 n.
Manwood, Sir Roger, 56
Marchant, Anne, 409
Margaret, Mother, 28 n.
Marks, use of as a test of witchcraft, 36 , 40 , 45 , 77 , 99 , 108 , 151 , 154 - 155 , 156 - 157 , 167 , 190 , 218 , 229 , 230 , 242 , 243 , 264 , 284 , 330
Martin, Dr., 323
Mary I, 14 , 15 n. , 52
Mary, Queen of Scots, 18 , 25 , 26 , 53
Mascon, Demon of, 306 , 337 n. [433]
Mason, of Faversham, 54
Mason, James, and his opinions, 229 n.
Massachusetts, trials in, 50 , 264 , 316 , 382
Mathers, the (Cotton and Increase), 316 , 336
Matthews, Grace, 216 - 217
Mayhall, John, cited, 395
Meakins, Bridget, 399
Meere, John, 390
Melford, 404
Melton, Elizabeth, 393
Mercurius Aulicus , cited, 403
Mercurius Civicus , cited, 360 , 403
Mercurius Democritus , cited, 213 n. , 251 n. , 408
Mercurius Politicus , cited, 218 n. , 409
Mereweather, Jone, 413
Merlin, 230
Merril, Goodman, 171 n.
Merriman, R. B., cited, 74 n.
Mersam, Rose, 396
Mewkarr Church, 396
Middlesex, 51 , 74 , 118 , 146 , 174 , 201 , 208 n. , 220 , 224 , 225 , 278 , 383 - 387 , 389 - 394 , 396 - 400 , 402 , 403 , 405 - 412 , 415 , 419
Middlesex County Records , cited, 21 n. , 220 n. , 386 , and passim thereafter
Middleton, Thomas, 244
Midgley, Mary, 406
Midwife as a witch, 21 and n. , 41 , 258 - 259
Milburne, Jane, 279
Milburne, Margaret, 415
Miller, Agnes, 399
Mills, Elizabeth, 415
Mills, Joan, 414
Milner, Ralph, 117 , 396
Milnes, R. Monckton, 102 n. , 359
Mils, Goody, 404
Milton, John, 241 , 278
Milton, Miles, 398
Mistley-cum-Manningtree, 164 n.
Mob law, 117 , 315
Moderate Intelligencer , its opinion of the Bury executions in 1645, 179 - 180 . Cited, 177 n. , 180 n. , 404
Molland, Alicia, 417
Mompesson affair, 273 , 276 , 310
Mondaye, Agnes, 385
Montague, James, Bp. of Winchester, 97 n.
Montgomery, 387
Moone, Margaret, 170 n.
Moordike, Sarah, case of, 322 - 324 , 419
Moore, wife of, 189 n. , 406
Moore, Ales, 395
Moore, Ann, 418
Moore, Mary, 363
Moore Rental, The , cited, 414
Morduck, Sarah. See Moordike
More, George, 81 , 84 - 85 , 353 , 354 . Cited, 78 n. , 79 n. , 80 n. , 392
More, Henry, 238 - 240 , 243 , 262 , 286 , 297 , 303 , 307 , 309 , 310 . Cited, 211 n. , 239 , 394 , 396 , 405 , 410
More, Sir Thomas, 59 n.
Mortimer, Jane, 52 n. , 392
Morton, Margaret, 408
Morton, Thomas, Bishop of Lichfield, 141 n. , 142 , 152
Much, Barfield, 387
Muggleton, Lodowick, and witchcraft, 295 , 298 , 307 , 309 . Cited, 295 n.
Munnings, Mother, trial of, 321 , 418
Muschamp, Mrs., 210 , 218 , 253 , 363
Muschamp, George, 209 , 210
N., N., 318 n. , 372
Nall, J. G., cited, 181 n.
Napier, Dr., 400
Napier, Barbara, 96
Nash, J. R., cited, 412
Nash, Thomas, cited, 69 n.
Navestock, 385
Naylor, Joane, 394
Needham, 404 [434]
Nelson, Richard, 394
Nevelson, Anne, 395
New England. See Massachusetts
New Romney, 59
Newbury, 403
Newcastle, 201 , 207 - 208 , 259 , 279 , 281 , 407 , 412 , 413 , 414
Newell, Sir Henry, 27 , 28
Newgate, 183 n. , 400
Newgate, A True and Perfect List of the Prisoners in , cited, 409
Newman, Ales, 45 n.
Newman, Elizabeth, 410
Newman, William, 45 n.
Newmarket, 134 , 161
Newton, Isaac, 308
Nicholas (or Nickless), Jane, 417
Nichols, John, cited, 134 n. , 141 n. , 399
Nicholson, Brinsley, 58 , 62 , 70 n.
Nicolas, Sir Harris, cited, 8 n.
Noake, J., 412
Noal, Jane, 417
Norfolk, 193 , 200 n. , 231 , 253 , 337 , 356 , 386 , 389 - 391 , 394 , 395 , 397 , 399 - 401 , 403 - 406 , 410 , 412 , 414
Norfolk Arch�ology , cited, 182 , 386 , 390 , 405
Norrington, Alice, 59 , 386
Norrington, Mildred, 59 , 62
North, Francis, Baron Guilford, 269 n. , 271 , 272 , 278 , 305 , 311
North, Roger, 267 . Cited, 261 n. , 269 n. , 271 n. , 278 n. , 403 , 416 , 417
North Allerton, 400
North Riding (of Yorkshire), 117
North Riding Record Society, 114 n. , 117 n. , 162 n.
Northampton, 106 - 112 , 115 , 118 , 119 n. , 120 , 130 - 132 , 184 , 229 , 230 , 255 , 314 n. , 357 , 375 - 383 , 415 , 419
Northampton, Henry Howard, Earl of, 352
Northamptonshire, 184 , 200 n. , 282 , 331 , 405 , 411
Northamptonshire Handbook , 381 - 382
Northamptonshire Historical Collections , 381
Northfield, Thomas, 7
Northfleet, 394
Northumberland, 52 , 146 , 208 n. , 209 , 210 , 220 , 224 , 282 , 390 , 395 , 401 , 407 , 412 , 414 , 415 , 416
Norton, mother and daughter, 330 , 333 , 419
Norwich, 7 n. , 400 , 401 , 406 , 412
Norwich, Bishop of, 7 n. , 8 , 15 n. , 89
Notes and Queries , cited, 164 n. , 321 n. , 380 , 418 , 419
Nottingham, 75 , 81 - 86 , 118 , 315 , 389 , 393 , 394
Nottingham, Records of the Borough of , cited, 394
Nottinghamshire, 51 , 234
Nowell, Roger, 123
Nutter, Alice, trial of, 113 , 116 , 126 - 127 , 383
Nutter, Christopher, 127
Nutter, Robert, 128
Oakham, 411
Ogle, Henry, 208 , 209 , 259 n.
Old Bailey, 108 n. , 213
Oliver, Mary, 412
Onslow, Speaker, 268
Orchard, widow, 412
Orchard, N., 296 n.
Oriel College, Oxford, 294
Orme, W., cited, 337 n.
Osborne, Francis, 143 - 144 , 245 - 246 , 291 . Cited, 141 n. , 143 , 246 n.
Owen, John, cited, 287 n.
Owen, and Blakeway, cited, 21 n. , 387
Oxford, Samuel Parker, Bishop of, 308 , 309
Oxford, 15 , 63 , 146 n. , 216 , 285 , 402 [435]
Oxford University, 131 , 216 , 285 ; Hart Hall, 57 ; Oriel College, 294 ; Trinity College, 131 - 132
Pacy, Mr., 265
Padiham, 150 n. , 399
Padston, 388
Palmer, C. J., cited, 182 n. , 389 , 390
Palmer, John, 208 n.
Pannel, Mary, 383 , 395
Paracelsus, 286
Paris, University of, formulated theory concerning pacts with Satan, 3
Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury, 30 , 88 n.
Parker, Samuel, Bishop of Oxford, 308 , 309
Parker, Thomas, Earl of Macclesfield, 314 , 320 , 330 - 331 , 332 n. , 380
Parkhurst, John, Bishop of Norwich, 15 n.
Parle, M., 417
Parliamentary History , cited, 12 n. , 102 n.
Peacock, a schoolmaster, tortured, 115 n. , 399
Peacock, Edward, 401
Peacock, Elizabeth, 269 , 270 , 414 , 415 , 417
Pearson, Margaret, 397
Pechey, Joan, 45 n.
Peck, Francis, cited, 172 n. , 403
Peckham, Sir George, 74 n.
Pelham, 151 n.
Pellican, cited, 15 n.
Pemberton, Sir Francis, 277
Pembroke, Simon, 387
Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 89
Pendle Hill, or Forest, 121 , 147 , 315 , 397
Pepper, Mrs., 259 , 413
Pepys, Samuel, 309
Pereson, Jennet, 385
Perfect Diurnal, A , cited, 403
Perkins, William, 227 - 230 , 240 , 241 , 242 , 243
Perry, William, the "boy of Bilston," 140 - 142
Peter Martyr, 16 n.
Peter, R. and O. B., cited, 218 n. , 409
Peterson, Joan, case of, 213 - 215 , 408
Petty treason, its penalty not to be confused with that of witchcraft, 182
Phillips, Goody, 183
Phillips, John, 346 , 351
Phillips, Mary, 382
Phippan, Honora, 417
Pickering, Gilbert, 47 , 131 n.
Pickering, Sir Gilbert, 131 n.
Pickering, Henry, 48
Pickering, Thomas, 228 n.
Pickerings, the, 348
Pico della Mirandola, 286
Piers, Anne, 388
Pike, L. O., cited, 7
Pillory, punishment of, 30 , 55 , 104 , 114
Pilton, Margaret, 398
Pinder, Rachel, 30 n. , 59 , 88 , 351 , 386
Pitcairn, Robert, cited, 95 n.
Pleasant Treatise of Witches, A , 296
Plummer, Colonel, 328 n.
Poeton, Edward, cited, 400
Pole, Arthur, 25
Pole, Edmund, 25
Pollock and Maitland, cited, 6 and n. , 7 n.
Popham, Sir John, 354
Potts, Thomas, 112 , 113 , 116 , 125 , 129 , 130 , 249 , 357 - 358 , 361 . Cited, 105 - 128 n. , passim , 397 , 398
Powell, Sir John, 272 n. , 314 , 320 , 324 , 327 - 328 , 329 , 330 , 335 , 374
Powell, Lady, 214 - 215
Powell, William, 346
Powle, ——, 409
Powstead, 404
Pregnancy, plea of, in delay of execution, 50 , 96
Prentice, Joan, 348 [436]
Presbyterian party, its part in Hopkins crusade, 195 - 201
Prestall, John, 25 , 387 , 397
Preston, Jennet, 111 n. , 112 , 129 , 249 , 383 , 398
Price, Joan, 409
Privy Council, its dealings with sorcerers, in the later Middle Ages, 4 - 10 ; its campaign against conjurers under Elizabeth, 26 - 27 ; the Abingdon trials, 27 - 28 , 30 n. ; the Chelmsford trials, 34 ; Dee's case, 53 - 54 ; Darrel's, 87 ; its part in the statute of James I, 103 ; in the Lancashire trials of 1633, 152 , 155 , 156 ; in the Somerset cases of 1664, 273 . See also Acts of the Privy Council and Council Register .
Protestant Post Boy, The , 374
Prowting, Mary, 402
Queen's College, Cambridge, 143 , 348
R., G., 374
R., H., 390
Rainsford, Sir Richard, 260 , 268 - 269 , 269 - 270 , 304
Rames, Nicholas, wife of, 279
Ramsay, Sir J. R., cited, 9 n.
Ramsbury, 389
Rand, Margaret, 391
Randall, 397
Randall, of Lavenham, 404
Randoll, 388
Ratcliffe, 404
Ratcliffe, Agnes, 136 n.
Rattlesden, 404
Rawlins, Anna, 416
Raymond, Sir Thomas, 260 , 270 - 271 , 271 - 272 , 278 , 283 , 304 , 321
Read, Joan, 217
Read, Margaret, 391
Read, Simon, 397
Redfearne, Anne, 126 n. , 127 - 128 , 383
Redman, 258
Repington, Philip, Bp. of Lincoln, 7
Reresby, Sir John, 272 n. , 305 , 311 . Cited, 417
Rhymes, Witch, 24 , 76
Rich, Robert, Earl of Warwick, 172 , 178 , 200
Richard III, 9
Richardson, M. A., cited, 117 n. , 219 n. , 395 , 409 , 412
Richmond, of Bramford, 404
Richmond (Yorkshire), 396
Richmond and Lenox, Duke of, 287
Risden, 188 n. , 406
Rivet, John, 166
Roach, Clara, 418
Roberts, Alexander, 227 , 231 , 235 . Cited, 117 n. , 231 n. , 399 .
Roberts, Elizabeth, 394 , 410
Roberts, George, cited, 279 n. , 385 , 417
Roberts, Joan, 407
Robey, Isabel, 384
Robinson, Edmund, 146 - 157 , 298 , 323
Robson, Jane, 401
Rochester, 63 , 388
Rodes, Sara, 218
Rogers, Lydia, 366 , 411
Roper, Margaret, 75 , 390
Rose, Goodwife, 402
Rossington, 396
Rous, Francis, 240
Row, Elizabeth, 415
Roxburghe Club, cited, 95 n.
Royal Society, the, 275 , 285 , 286 , 305 , 306 , 308 - 309
Royston, 109 , 111
Ruceulver, 404
Rushock, 412
Russel, Margaret, 400
Rutland, Earl of. See Manners
Rutlandshire, 411
Rutter, Elizabeth, 383 , 399
Ryder, Agnes, 417
Rye, 116 , 383 , 397 , 405
Rylens, Martha, 416
Ryley, Josia, 393 [437]
Rymer, cited, 7
S., Alice, 52 n. , 394
Sabbath, the Witch, 3 , 113 , 123 - 124 , 148 , 166 , 170 , 186 , 239 , 273 , 281 - 282
Saffron Walden, 394
Saint Alban's, 208 n. , 252 n. , 363 , 407 , 408 , 417
Saint Andrew's in Holborne, 393 , 398
Saint Giles's, Northampton, 382
Saint Giles-in-the-Fields, 393
Saint John's, Kent, 385 , 389
Saint Katharine's, 394
Saint Lawrence, 393
Saint Leonard's, Shoreditch, 403
Saint Martin's-in-the-Fields, 389 , 406 , 409
Saint Mary's, Nottingham, 83
Saint Osyth's, 41 - 46 , 58 , 70 , 125 , 388
Saint Paul's, 13 ; public penance in, 59
Saint Paul's, Dean of, 11 n.
Saint Peter's, Kent, 389 , 392 , 393
Saint Saviour's, Southwark, 387
Salem. See Massachusetts
Salisbury, 212 , 225 , 268 , 270 - 271 , 410 , 412
Salisbury, Bishop of. See Jewel, John
Salmesbury, witches of, 128 - 129 , 398
Salop (Shropshire), 387
Sammon, Margerie, 43 , 44 , 45 n.
Sampson, Agnes, torture of, 95
Samuel, Agnes, 49
Samuel, Alice, trial of, 47 - 51
Samuel, John, 49
Samuel, Mother. See Alice Samuel
Samuels, the (of Warboys), 109 , 391
Sandwich, 401 , 403 , 418
Sanford, 387
Sawyer, Elizabeth, trial of, 108 n. , 112 , 136 n. , 383 , 400
Scarborough, 219 , 409
Scarfe, of Rattlesden, 404
Schwebel, Johann, 15 n.
Scory, John, Bishop of Hereford, 15 n.
Scot, Margery, 409
Scot, Reginald, 51 , 55 , 57 - 72 , 89 , 90 , 97 , 142 , 160 , 227 , 228 - 231 , 235 , 239 , 241 , 242 , 243 , 249 , 291 , 294 n. , 296 , 298 , 301 , 310 , 312 , 342 . Cited, 20 n. , 28 n. , 46 n. , 296 n. , 347 , 348 , 386 , 387 , 388
Scot, Sir Thomas, 56
Scotland, Register of the Privy Council of , cited 96 n.
Scotland and the Commonwealth , cited, 225
Scots-Hall, 57
Scott, John, cited, 391 , 393
Scott, Sir Walter, 196 , 275 . Cited, 199 n. , 366
Scottish Dove, The , cited, 404
Seaford, 386
Seccombe, Thomas, cited, 164 n. , 181 n.
Seeze, Betty, 417
Selden, John, 246 - 248 , 262 . Cited, 247 n. , 248 n.
Serjeantson, Rev. R. M., 382
Sewel, William, 296 n.
Shadbrook, 350 , 393 , 394
Shadwell, Thomas, 121 , 309 ; his opinions, 306 - 307
Shakespeare, William, used Harsnett, 91 ; allusions in Twelfth Night of, 92 ; his witch-lore, 243
Shalock, Anthony, 171 n.
Shaw, Elinor, 382
Sheahan, J. J., cited, 389
Shelley, 404
Shelley, Jane, 391
Shepton, Mallet, 411
Sherlock, Thomas, 374
Ship Tavern, at Greenwich, 154
Shore, Jane, 9
Shoreditch, 403
Shrewsbury, Earl of, 12 , 19 n. , 26
Shrewsbury, Duke of, 341
Shropshire (Salop), 387
Shuttleworths, House and Farm Accounts of the , cited, 399
Simmons, Margaret, 388 [438]
Simpson, Elizabeth, 412
Simpson, Jane, 413
Simpson, Robert, cited, 396
Simpson, Susan, 409
Sinclar (or Sinclair), George, cited, 355 , 366 , 395
Skipsey, 407
Slade, Anne, 414
Slingsby, Sir William, 400
Smith, of Chinting, 387
Smith, Charlotte Fell, cited, 53 n.
Smith, Elizabeth, 408
Smith, Elleine, 39 n. , 40
Smith, Gilbert, 399
Smith, Mary, 231 , 358 , 384 , 399
Smith, Sir Thomas, 25 n. , 385
Smithfield, 9
Smythe, Elizabeth, 406
Smythe, Katharine, 386
Somers, William, 51 , 81 - 86 , 92 , 315 , 353 , 393
Somerset, 146 , 220 , 222 , 224 , 234 , 254 , 260 , 273 , 280 , 285 , 293 , 320 , 388 , 392 , 393 , 401 , 402 , 411 , 413 - 419
Somerset, the protector, repeal of felonies during his protectorate, 12 ; attitude of, 13
Sorcery, distinguished from witchcraft, 3 - 4
Southampton, 387
Southampton, Earl of, 12
Southcole, Justice, 346
Southcote, John, 34
Southerns, Elizabeth. See Demdike
Southton, 415 , 416
Southwark, 164 , 256 , 277 , 321 , 323 , 387 , 419
Southwell, Thomas, 8
Southworth. See Master Thompson
Sowerbutts, Grace, part in Salmesbury cases, 128 - 129 , 139 , 140 , 151
Spectator, The , 341 n.
Spectral evidence, 110 - 111 , 131 n. , 184 , 218 , 221 - 222 , 235 - 236 , 263 - 264 , 279 , 279 n.
Speier, 15 n.
Spencer, Anne, 402
Spencer, Mary, 152 , 157 , 159 , 160 , 401
Spokes, Helen, 393
Staffordshire, 118 , 141 , 146 , 386 , 389 , 400 , 402
Stanford Rivers, 34
Stanhope, 388
Stanmore, 390
Star Chamber, Dee examined by the, 52
Starchie, Mrs., 79 n.
Starchie, John, 149 n.
Starchie, Nicholas, children of, 78 - 81 , 158
Starr, William, 409
Stationers' Registers , cited, 347 , 350 , 352 , 358
Statutes: 1 Edward VI, cap. xii (repeal of felonies), 12 ; 3 Henry VIII, cap. xi, 10 n. ; 33 Henry VIII, cap. viii, 10 - 12 ; 5 Elizabeth, cap. xvi, 5 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 101 - 102 ; 1 James I, cap. xii, 102 - 104 , 314
Staunton, Mother, 39 n. , 387
Stearne, John, 164 - 205 passim (in text and notes ), 339 , 361 , 362 , 404 . Cited, 403 - 406 .
Stebbing, Henry, 335 , 374 , 375
Steele, Sir Richard, 342
Stephen, Sir J. F., cited, 10 n. , 11 n.
Stephen, Leslie, cited, 287 n.
Stephens, Edward, 339 n.
Stepney, 405 , 408 , 410 , 411 , 412
Sterland, Mr., 83
Stevens, Margaret, 415
Stevens, Maria, 419
Stoll, Elmer, cited, 244 n.
Stonden, 414
Stothard, Margaret, 259 , 416
Stow, John, cited, 59 n. , 350
Stowmarket, 183 , 404
Stranger, Dorothy, 279 , 413
Strangridge, Old, 238
Strassburg, 15 n.
Stratford-at-Bow, 406 , 407 [439]
Strotton, 414
Strutt, the Rev. Mr., 326 , 327 , 375
Strype, John, cited, 16 n. , 17 n. , 25 n. , 26 n. , 27 n. , 385 , 390
Stuart, Charles, Duke of Richmond and Lenox, 287
Studley Hall, 223
Style, Elizabeth, 280 , 413
Sudbury, 404
Suffolk, 164 , 165 n. , 175 , 176 n. , 183 , 194 , 195 , 197 , 224 , 337 , 350 , 379 , 392 , 393 , 394 , 404 , 405 , 411 , 413 , 414 , 417 , 418
Suffolk Institute of Arch�ology, Proceedings of , 176 n.
Surey, affair of. See Dugdale
Surrey, 416 , 419
Sussex, 282 , 386 , 387 , 397 , 405 , 412
Sussex Arch�ological Collections , 283 n. , 386 , 412
Sussums, Alexander, 404
Sutton, 406
Sutton, Mary, 110 - 111 , 118 n. , 136 , 383 , 398
Sutton, Mother, 107 - 108 , 115 , 117 , 135 - 136 , 358 , 383 , 398
Swan, John, 90 n. , 355 . Cited, 395
Swan Inn, Maidstone, 215
Swane, Goodwife, 389
Swinow, Colonel, 209
Swinow, Dorothy, 209 - 210 , 211 , 408
Swithland, 399
Swynbourne, Richard, wife of, 393
Sykes, John, cited, 30 n. , 407 , 414
Sykes, Mary, 218 , 407
T., R., 295
Talbot, Charles, Duke of Shrewsbury, 341 - 342
Talbot, George, Earl of Shrewsbury, 19 n. , 26
Tanner, Joanna, 419
Tatler, The , 342 n.
Taunton, 234 , 235 , 260 , 401 , 403 , 413 , 417 , 418
Taunton-Dean, 278 , 417
Taylor, Robert, 170
Taylor, Zachary, 317 - 318 , 329 , 372 , 373
Tedsall, Agnes, 402
Tedworth, affair of, 274 - 276 , 303 n.
Tempest, Henry, 218
Temple, Sir William, 309
Tendering, John, 46 n.
Test of bleeding of dead body, 112 , 301 ; of repetition of certain words, 49 , 109 ; of thatch-burning, 112 ; of swimming (see Water, ordeal of )
Theodore of Tarsus, 2
Therfield, 374
Theydon, Mount, 385
Thievery and Witchcraft, 122 , 222 , 326
Thirple, 374
Thirsk, 397
Thompson, James, cited, 201 n. , 408
Thompson, Katherine, 395
Thompson, Master, 129
Thorne, Anne, accuser of Jane Wenham, 324 - 330 , 334 - 336
Thorneton, Jane, 386
Thorpe, Benjamin, cited, 2 n.
Thrapston, 184 - 185
Throckmorton, Sir Robert, 47 , 50
Throckmortons, the, 348
Throgmorton, George, 385
Throgmorton, Lady Frances, 384
Thurlow, Grace, 41 , 42
Tichmarsh, 131 n.
Tilbrooke-bushes, 188 n.
Tilling, Ann, 269 - 270 , 415 , 417
Tolbooth, the, 96
Torture, of Alse Gooderidge, 77 ; by the bootes, 96 ; of Peacock, 115 n. , 203 ; perhaps used at Lincoln, 134 ; unknown to English law, 167 ; of Lowes, by walking, 176 - 177 ; Hopkins's and Stearne's theory and practice as to, 202 - 204 ; advocated by Perkins, 229 ; by scratching, 330 ; by swimming (see Water, ordeal of )
Tottenham, 399 [440]
Towns, independent jurisdiction of, 54 - 55 , 116 - 117 , 201
Townshend, Jane, 414
Tradescant, John, 216
Transportation of witches through the air, 3 , 97 , 239 , 246
Treasure-seekers, 20
Trefulback, Stephen, 391
Trelawny, Sir Jonathan, Bishop of Exeter, 321
Trembles, Mary, 271 - 272 , 368 - 369 , 416
Trinity College, Oxford, 131 - 132 ; Master of. See Isaac Barrow
Turner, William, cited, 405
Twelfth Night , allusions in, 92
Two Terrible Sea-Fights , cited, 225 n.
Tyburn, 51 , 394
Tynemouth, 412
Underhill, Edward, Autobiography of , cited, 13
Upaston, 418
Upney, Joan, 347
Urwen, Jane, 401
Utley, hanged at Lancaster, 158 , 401
Uxbridge, 74 n.
Vairus, Leonardus, 58 n.
Vallet, Jane, 417
Van Helmont, 286
Varden, J. T., cited, 194 n.
Vaughan, Joan, 384
Vaughans, the two (Henry and Thomas), 286
Vaux, Lord, 74 n.
Vernon, James, 341 - 342
Vetter, Theodor, cited, 15 n.
Vicars, Anne, 383
Vickers, K. H., cited, 9 n.
Victoria History of Essex , cited, 90 n.
Virley, John, 7
W., Mother, of Great T., 395
W., Mother, of W. H., 395
"W. W." and the St. Osyth's pamphlet, 46 , 62 n.
Waddam, Margaret, 418
Wade, Mary, 223 , 411
Wade, William, 221 , 223 , 411
Wadham, Thomas, 388
Wagg, Ann, 407
Wagstaffe, John, 294 - 295 , 297
Wakefield, 220 - 221 , 411
Waldingfield, 404
Walker, widow, 387
Walker, Ellen, 385
Walker, John, 353 , 354
Walker, John (another), cited, 361
Walkerne, 325
Wallis, Joane, 185 n. , 187 n.
Walsh, John, trial of, 31 n.
Walter, Aliena, 414
Walter, Sir John, 235
Walton, Colonel Valentine, 187 , 237 n.
Wanley, Nathaniel, 307 . Cited, 308 n.
Wapping, 408 , 411
Warboys, trials at, 47 - 51 , 109 n. , 131 , 143 , 160 , 185 , 221 , 229 n. , 391
Warburton, Sir Peter, 142
Warburton, Peter, 215
Warden of the Cinque Ports, 116
Warham, William, Abp. of Canterbury, 58 n.
Warminster, 398
Warwick, 257 , 414
Warwick, Earl of. See Rich
Washington, Sir John, 185
"Watching" of witches, practised by Hopkins and Stearne, 167 ; Gaule's description, 175 ; Stearne's explanation, 190 ; Stearne's description, 202 ; probably practised on Elizabeth Style, 280 ; practised on a Sussex woman, 283 [441]
Water, ordeal of, James recommends it, 99 ; its use on the Continent, 99 n. ; in reign of James, 106 - 108 , 118 n. , 132 ; stopped in Suffolk, 178 ; in Huntingdonshire, 187 ; its use by Hopkins and Stearne, 191 - 192 ; story that Hopkins was put to it, 194 ; use at Faversham, 201 n. ; Perkins's opinion, 228 ; Cotta's, 230 ; Bernard's, 235 ; Ady's, 242 ; its decline, 243 , 284 ; increased use of it as an illegal process, 315 , 331 ; forbidden in Jane Wenham's case, 326 ; at Leicester, 330 ; in Essex, 331 - 332 ; by Holt or Parker, 332 ; by Addison's Sir Roger de Coverley and his chaplain, 341
Waterhouse, Mother Agnes, trial of, 35 - 38 , 40 n. , 45 , 385
Waterhouse, Joan, 36
Watson, Jane, 413
Way, Margaretta, 419
Wayt, Mrs., 174
Webb, Mrs., 269
Webb, Goodwife, 39
Webster, John, 141 , 147 n. , 148 - 151 , 151 , 268 , 297 - 303 , 314 . Cited, 306 n. , 359 , 400
Weech, Christian, 397
Weekes, Christiana, 397 , 410
Weekly Intelligencer , cited, 213 n. , 408
Weight, Mrs., 174
Welfitt, William, cited, 412
Wellam, Margaret, 399
Wells, Archdeacon of, 235
Welton, 251 , 411
Wenham, 164
Wenham, Jane, trial of, 324 - 330 , 380 , 381 , 419 ; controversy over, 334 - 336 ; her trial the occasion of Hutchinson's book, 342 - 343
Wentworth, Lord, 12
West, Andrew, 44
West, Anne, 169 , and n. , 171
West, Rebecca, 169 , 170 , 171 , 362 , 376
West, William, cited, 352 , 391
West Ayton, 402
West Drayton, 394
West Riding, Yorkshire, 256
Westminster, disputation of, 16 n. ; cases at, 139 , 384 , 386 , 391 , 402
Weston, Father, 74 n. , 87 , 352
Westpenner, 388
Westwell, Old Alice of, 59 , 386
Weyer (Wier, Wierus), Johann, 62 , 79 n. , 97 , 229 n.
Whitaker, Thomas D., cited, 147 n.
White, Joan, 391
Whitechapel, 409 - 410
Whitecrosse Street, 396
Whitgift, John, Archbishop of Canterbury, 74 , 84 , 88 n.
Whitehall, 134
Whitelocke, Bulstrode, 226 , 252 n. Cited, 172 n. , 179 n. , 181 n. , 201 n. , 206 n. , 207 n. , 403 , 407
Wickham, William, Bishop of Lincoln, 50
Widdowes, Thomas, cited, 366
Widdrington, Thomas, 207 n.
Wier, Wierus. See Weyer
Wildridge, T. T., cited, 137 n.
Wilkins, David, cited, 10 n.
Wilkinson, Anne, 414
Williams, Katherine, 418
Williams, Robert, cited, 399
Williford, Joan, 201 n. , 405
Willimot, Joan, 119 n. , 133 n. , 399
Wilson, Alice, 109 n.
Wilson, Arthur, 143 n. , 172 n. , 173 . Cited, 359 , 400 , 403
Wilts, 146 , 211 , 224 , 268 , 269 n. , 274 , 285 , 397 , 398 , 401 , 409 , 410 , 412 - 414 , 417 - 419
Wimblington, 406
Winch, Sir Humphrey, 142
Winchester, Bishop of. See Thomas Bilson , and James Montague
Winchester Park, 257 n.
Windebank, Secretary, 152 , 155
Windsor, 139 , 347
Windsor, Dean of, and Abingdon trials, 28 [442]
Wingerworth, 416
Witchall, Judith, 269 , 270 , 415 , 417
Witchfinder, Darrel as a, 75 - 83 ; Hopkins as a, 165 - 205 ; a Scotch pricker as a, 206 - 208 ; Ann Armstrong as a, 281 - 282
Wolsey, Thomas, Abp. of York, 19 , 59 n.
Women, proportion of to men in indictments for witchcraft, 114 ; of wives to spinsters and to widows, 114 - 115
Wood, Anthony �, cited, 295 n. , 366
Wood, Joan, 386
Woodbridge, 392
Woodbury, 417
Woodhouse, Doctor, 257
Woodstock, 275
Wooler, 395
Worcester, 7 , 216 , 376 , 387 , 406 , 409 , 412
Worcester, Bishop of, 12 , 340
Worcestershire, 208 n.
Worthington, John, cited, 180 n.
Wright, Elizabeth, 76 , 78 n. , 392
Wright, Grace, 405
Wright, Katherine, 75 , 85 , 353
Wright, Thomas, 100 , 188 n. , 376 . Cited, 2 n. , 6 n. , 7 n. , 9 n. , 19 n. , 25 n. , 95 n. , 100 n. , 147 n. , 401
Wrottesley, Lord, 162 n.
Wylde, John, 212
Wynnick, John, 185 n. , 187 n. , 405
Yarmouth, 54 , 181 , 183 , 199 , 201 , 263 , 406 . See also Yarmouth, Great
Yarmouth, Great, 389 , 390 , 395 , 404
York, 111 , 112 , 119 , 129 , 144 , 218 , 220 , 229 n. , 249 , 383 , 389 , 394 , 398 , 400 , 413 , 417
York, Archbishop of, 83
York Castle, 258
York Depositions , 218 n. Cited, passim thereafter
Yorkshire, 52 , 118 , 144 , 146 , 149 - 150 , 210 , 221 , 222 , 223 , 254 , 256 , 278 , 352 , 383 , 389 , 391 , 393 , 395 - 397 , 400 , 402 , 406 - 411 , 414 - 416
Yorkshire Notes and Queries , cited, 257 n.
Young, Margareta, 418
Young, Ruth, 418
Zurich, 14 , 15 n. , 87 n.
Zurich Letters , cited, 17 n.
Zweibr�cken, 15 n.
The actor delves into the chilling history behind witch hunts
Suranne Jones thinks it's about time the term "witch trials" got a "rebrand". Given that the bulk of people executed were of course women, not witches, she argues their plight should be renamed.
"She's right but I can't see it happening," said Carol Midgley in The Times . "'Women trials' doesn't have quite the same touristy ring."
Channel 4's two-part documentary, "Suranne Jones: Investigating Witch Trials", sees the actor examine how women throughout history have been labelled as witches and the shocking abuse they have faced as a result.
Escape your echo chamber. Get the facts behind the news, plus analysis from multiple perspectives.
From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox.
Growing up near Pendle in Lancashire – the site of the notorious witch trials of 1612 – Jones has always been fascinated by witches. She explores the "horrific culmination of a chain of events" that led to the hanging of 10 innocent people (eight of them women), before delving into the historical context. A witchcraft-obsessed, paranoid James I had become king of England and helping to hunt down witches became a way to secure his favour.
The "awfulness" of the women's persecution is "well conveyed", said Anita Singh in The Telegraph , and Jones is an "engaging" presenter. It's refreshing to see a celebrity with an authentic interest in the topic, rather than someone "going through the motions".
Any preconceived ideas you might have had about the show probably didn't include Jones and singer Natasha Khan, who performs as Bat for Lashes, "communicating with one another in wolf howls" as they react against the years of silencing women have faced and try to get in touch with their witchy side.
"It got a bit woo-woo when Khan produced her own tarot-type cards", said Midgley in The Times, but Jones looked like she was having fun, and her visit to Pendle Hill to take part in a healing night ceremony that honoured the executed "witches" was rather "touching".
Jones is a compelling host, said Lucy Mangan in The Guardian , adding moments of "humour and personal touches" throughout the programme. The audience has to "sit through some guff" from "modern practitioners" of witchcraft but thankfully it's "kept to a minimum".
The documentary "doesn't get everything right". Namely, it seems to "float the notion" that because some women today are choosing to embrace the "witch" label, misogyny must be tapering off. "But it is a programme that makes you think. Smash some furniture, and think."
A free daily email with the biggest news stories of the day – and the best features from TheWeek.com
Irenie Forshaw is a features writer at The Week, covering arts, culture and travel. She began her career in journalism at Leeds University, where she wrote for the student newspaper, The Gryphon, before working at The Guardian and The New Statesman Group. Irenie then became a senior writer at Elite Traveler, where she oversaw The Experts column.
Podcast Plus, are aircraft exhaust fumes dangerous to human health? And are Ukrainians really less stressed than Brits?
By The Week Staff Published 28 June 24
In Pictures A sky-high performance, a mass yoga session, and more
By Anahi Valenzuela, The Week US Published 28 June 24
The Explainer Amazon now makes more money from advertising than Coca-Cola's global revenue
By Justin Klawans, The Week US Published 28 June 24
The Week Recommends The Swiss maestro is explored further in this 'must-watch' documentary
By The Week UK Published 27 June 24
The Week Recommends Film inspired by 1968 book about notorious biker gang in Chicago
The Week Recommends Faith Omole's debut play explores complex relationships with 'flair'
By Irenie Forshaw, The Week UK Published 27 June 24
The Week Recommends Prime Video's film chronicles the singer's 17-year battle with stiff person syndrome
By Irenie Forshaw, The Week UK Published 26 June 24
The Week Recommends Amazon Prime's 'The Boys' relishes its ripped-from-the-headlines ultraviolence
By David Faris Published 26 June 24
The Week Recommends These tranquil lakes offer a quieter alternative to their coastal neighbours
By Irenie Forshaw, The Week UK Published 25 June 24
The Week Recommends Head to the ABC islands: Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao
By Catherine Garcia, The Week US Published 25 June 24
The Week Recommends Freshness and ease are where it's at from July through September
By Scott Hocker, The Week US Published 24 June 24
The Week is part of Future plc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Visit our corporate site . © Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.
ESSAY SAUCE
FOR STUDENTS : ALL THE INGREDIENTS OF A GOOD ESSAY
Essay details and download:.
This page of the essay has 3,184 words. Download the full version above.
Witches and what are so called witches are viewed very differently in modern society, for the reason being that many have no believe towards it. In past history witches ‘since long before the sixteenth century, people had believed that some persons had superpower, the ability to perform good or harmful magic (or both). A good witch, or cunning women, as magic workers were often called, might, for example, heal persons or animals by incantations or potions; she might just as readily kill with a cure or evil eye. In either case, she possessed a power to be reckoned with. By sixteenth century, many-especially among the elite-began to hold a new belief, namely, that such supernatural power came from the devil, who bestowed it chiefly on women in return for their obedience to him’ (Barstow, 1994, p. 20). Barstow wrote on her book European witch-hunts, giving a brief definition on how witches were viewed in the past. It was from the environment of Europe, where witches were believed to exist, and also to be followers of the devil. Two Dominican priests in Germany, Kramer and Sprenger wrote the ‘witch hunter’s Manuel,’ Malleus Maleficarum (Barstow, 1994, p. 171). Both of these publications added fuel to the fire the Puritans in Salem began to suspect that they had witches within them, they believed that those who cross the Atlantic brought them. The Salem witch trials took place in the Salem village during 1692, which is now identified as Denver and Massachusetts. The event involved a number of girls that falsely accused other town individuals of being witches, and having possession over them. It all started with Betty Parris, who at the time was 9 years old and her 11-year-old cousin Abigail Williams, who were the daughter and niece of the Reverend Samuel Parris. The girls began having seizures, which at the time was known as ‘beyond the power of Epileptic Fits or natural disease to effect’ John Hale, who was the minister in Beverly. The girls threw things, screamed, made strange sounds, began crawling under furniture and twisted themselves into peculiar positions, conferred by the eyewitness explanation of the former town minister Deodat Lawson. The doctor William Griggs after examining the girls was not able to find any physical evidence of illness, at the time other girls in the village began to show similar behavior. The town minister believed the allegations that were being made by girls, and he sentences the ones accused to either confess of being witches or die hanging. The first girls being accused were Sara Good, Sarah Osborne, and Tituba, a former slave that lived in the household of Reverend Samuel Parris. Sarah Good was an elderly woman who committed a grave sin in the eyes of the puritans, because she did not attend church. Sarah Osborne, who was a homeless beggar who together with Sara Good after being examined by Judge Hathorne and Sheriff Corwin, denied any connection to witchcraft. While the interrogation and questioning were taking place, the girls now eight would cry, yell, and thrash on the floor. Their claim was that even in the courtroom in which the suspects were being examined, their ghosts were afflicting them. Shortly, the girls had all the proof they need to be believed. Tituba who was a former slave afraid of being hanged, confessed of being a witch to avoid being convicted. She later continued for three days confessing of the crimes being charged off, she articulated of animals that would go to her and ask her to serve them. She also told about mystical creatures that would be sent by the other women, to torment her and lead her to witchcraft. Tituba also told of a tall man who allured her with gifts and asked her for her servitude, the requested included the pinching and afflicting of children. Greatest of all he commanded her that in her supernatural form, she struck the girls with knives. She also added that the tall man had brought a book that he had told her to sign, which she illustrated the book as being the ‘Devil’s book’. Those who agreed to turn their souls over to him, in order to receive his powers, signed it. She also told of witch gathering, known as Sabbaths which is a supposed annual midnight meeting of witches with the Devil. Tituba defines the event as someplace where the witches would fly together to a mysterious place and dance under the moon; she stated that both Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne were witches that had made pacts with the Devil. After the confection Sara Good, Tituba and Sarah Osborne were put in jail in Boston, and two months later one of the girls Osborne died from natural causes. Yet, instead of the witchcraft madness ending, the girl’s accusations and Tituba confession only made the situation worse. For the reason that the towns people that lived in Salem, believed that where there was one witch there had to be more. The accusations continued during April of 1692, when the girls continued with their afflictions. They blamed a number of people for the continuation of their illness; one of the accused was George Burroughs a former minister of the Village Church. Who graduated from Harvard College in 1670, and became a minister in Casco, Main. While being the minister of Casco in 1675, he escaped a settlement attack by Indians and moved to Salem Village. Later, he served as a Massachusetts minister for two years, but left the position when the leaders of the church could not agree upon his salary. The girls stated that George Burroughs was the leader of the coven, and he himself was the one that made them sign the Devil’s book. The next in line to be accused was Rebecca Nurse, who at the time being accused of witchcraft was seventy-one years old and the mother of eight. During her trial, she received a not guilty verdict, but the girls disputed this decision forcing the judge to ask the jury to reconsider their decisions. The trial continued after the non-guilty verdict was given, but when Rebecca failed to answer one of the questioned ask by the jury she was found guilty. Elizabeth proctor who was also accused by the girls, but at the time of her conviction was pregnant. In agreement with the common law practice which allowed women to ‘plea her belly’, making the ones accusing her have mercy for her by delaying her hanging right away. Proctor was considered to be one of the lucky ones, for the reason that by the time her baby was born the madness of witches was over. On the other hand, John Proctor, Elizabeth husband was considered to be outspoken and short tempered, when his wife was accused of witchcraft he claimed that the afflicted girl’s accusations were a scam. He stood by his wife’s side during the entire trial, claiming her innocence during her examination in court someone claimed that he too was a witch. For defending his wife, he became the first male to be accused of witchcraft during the Salem trials. After his accusations he wrote a letter clergymen in Boston, these men were known to be uncomfortable with the witch trials. He outlined definite forms of torture being used to obtain confessions; the letter asked these men to do anything in their power to put an end to the trials. Eight ministers settled that Satan could take the form of innocent people; this decision had no impact on proctor’s fate because he ended up being hanged. There was Mary Easty, who was a wife and a mother of seven, and was very well respected in Salem. She was considered to be a kind religious woman, whose honorable appearance fit the strict Puritans model. But, in April 1692, she could not escape the witchcraft hysteria because she too was accused of being a witch. Her accusations stunned the entire village, because she was not considered to be a social outcast or an outspoken woman by any one. Her accusations of being a witch came from envy, because the Eastys owned a cherished farm in Salem. Mary Easty was tried on September 9, she pleated that ‘I never complied, but prayed against [Satan] all my days ? I will say it, if it was my last time, I am clear of this sin.’ Before her execution, she wrote a letter to the judges asking that ‘no more innocent blood be shed.’ (Mary Easty’s trial transcript.) Her message brought forward pity and doubt in Salem Village, but was not enough to stop and prevent the last round of hangings.
There was also Martha Corey, who was a respected member of Puritan congregation and known to be a religious woman. She was considered to be outspoken, and did not believe in witches and accused the girls of lying. She was accused of being a witch by the girls, and was hanged on September of 1692. Martha husband Giles Corey, who was considered a wealthy landowner by other citizens in Salem, became one of the most famous victims of the witchcraft hysteria. Being accused of witchcraft he knowing that if he pled guilty, he would be subject to forfeiture of his property and that if he pled innocent he would still most likely be hanged. While in court, he argued that ‘I will not plead If I deny, I am condemned already, In courts where ghosts appear as witnesses And swear men’s lives away. If I confess, Then I confess a lie, to buy a life, Which is not life, but only death in life.’ (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 2000, p. 610.) On September 19 ‘Giles Corey was pressed to death for refusing a trial’ (Muraskin/Domash, 2007, p. 28.) The judge and the sheriff forced Corey to lie in a field, and was covered him with a board while heavy stone were laid upon his chest. Every day the sheriff would ask if he plead guilty and everyday he would ask for more stones, until one day the board collapse into his chest killing him instantly. There were so many accusations by the girls that a special court was created to hear the witch trials, the court of Oyer and Terminer. This court was created by the newly appointed govern of Salem, Sir Phips. The court originated of seven appointed judges; Bartholomew Gedney was the only judge from Salem. Out of the seven appointed judges, four were from Boston: Samuel Sewall, John Richards, William Sergeant and Wait Winthrop. There was William Stoughton the sixth judge appointed, he was from Haverhill. Lastly, there was the chief justice of the court William Stoughton, who was known to be a witch-hunter from Dorchester. When the court was assembled it started by reviewing the testimony that were given during the examinations, but by taking the records from the examinations as a deed that had already been proven. The only business the court had to conduct was listening to testimony, and directs the jury deliberations. The type of evidence that the court of Oyer and Terminer allowed would be laughed at now, but at the time it was considered to be very deadly. ‘Spectral evidence’ and the discovery of ‘witch marks’ on the body were some of the samples of evidence allowed; this was the only hard evidence against the accusers. The girls stated that it wasn’t the physical person of Sarah Good or Bridge Bishop that tormented them, but their spirits and ghosts. During the trials the accused witches were not allowed to have legal counsel, and weren’t allowed to present witnesses on their defense or even question their petitioners. If the person being accused was found guilty, he or she could not appeal the decision. Bishop was known for her showy clothing considering the time, also for housing travelers and offered them refreshment. Many men in Salem found her to be very provocative, to the point that even her husband suspected her of witchcraft. He asserted that she wasn’t a good wife, and at times he considered her to be outspoken and independent. Bishop was the first to be tried in the court because of the evidence that was being held against her, which included the finding found on her house cellar and arguments against her. The findings in the house included a small doll that was stuck with pins, and the fact that she had sold one of her pigs to a neighbor but it kept returning to her farm. Many of Bishops neighbors accused her of signing the Devil’s book, and of flying around the countryside in the form of a demon. During the procedures of bishop trial a great number of witnesses were brought in, to describe the torments and the sufferer that the girls were going through at the hands of the accused. In addition, these witnesses told tales of past evil deeds, claiming that Bridget was to blame for the strange accidents that occurred to her enemies. They also claimed her for the deaths of children that had crossed her path, and for the sickness in neighboring farms’ sheep’s and cows. Many witnesses stated in the court that Bridget Bishop, in her ghostly form emerged into many of the men’s bedrooms during the night. In addition, ‘As part of the gathering of evidence, Bridget’s current and previous houses were searched. In the cellar of her previous home, searchers found dolls made of rags with pins stuck in them, similar to voodoo dolls. When confronted with them, Bridget was unable to provide a satisfactory explanation. But Since she had not lived in the house for several years, one must wonder whether the dolls had been put there by a different tenant’ (Norton, 2002, pp. 204-207). After all the evidence was presented, she was found guilty and given a sentence of hanging. Yet, at the time of her sentence witchcraft was not punishable by death, it wasn’t until after the trial that the Massachusetts court revised an old law assembling witchcraft a capital offense. Her sentence to death was carried out, and became the first individual to actually be hanged in the Salem trials. After the Bishop trial Judge Nathaniel Saltonstall, appalled the conduct of the court and direction of the prosecution. He believed that spectral evidence was not definitive proof of wrongdoing and that without the spectral evidence, there was very little to condemn Bridget Bishop to death his resignation did not stop the hysteria. On June 15, 1692, twelve Boston ministers led by Cotton Mather issued their regulations to the Court; they urged carefulness and ask for them to look with favor to those being accused. They also suggested that in the category of Spectral evidence it was believed that demons could take the form of the innocents, and for this reason the act of specters could not always be attributed to those accused. By the time they gave this guidance to the court, the jails were overflowing with those accused of being witches. While the prisoners were jailed, they were kept accordingly to their social stations and financial status; they were required to pay for their food and handcuffs. Those who could not afford to pay were kept in small cells; these cells were no bigger than a standing coffin. On October 1692, the girls accused Lady Phips the wife of the governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony of being a witch. The governor ordered the court to release all of the prisoners and dissolved, the order was followed right away and the ones accused were freed. Yet, many were kept in prison since many had no money to pay for their food and their cells, they were being kept until payment was made. The ones who had forfeited their land never got it back, after the hysteria one of the judges Samuel Sewall issued an apology. Many of Salem citizens after the trials could not get along with one another, like the families of the accused and the accusers. Many tried to apologize for their accusation, by publicly announcing to the families of the accused and people of Salem. Many people forgave the ones who accused them, but many families nevertheless felt it was not enough. Meanwhile the trial’s had ended, and there were no more deaths because of witchcraft or an accusation of one. The Salem trials left such and effect on the Village that they changed the name, and until today is called Danvers. To conclude, there were 200 defendants accused, which included Bridget Bishop, Reverend George Burroughs, Martha Carrier, Giles Corey, Martha Corey, Mary Easty, Sarah Good, Elizabeth How, George Jacobs, Susannah Martin, Rebecca Nurse, Alice Parker, Mary Parker, John Proctor, Ann Pudeator, Wilmot Reed, Margaret Scott, and Samuel Ward well, Sarah Wild, and John Willard. The judges appointed to the Court of Oyer and Terminer were Jonathan Corwin, Bartholomew Gedney, John Richards, Nathaniel Saltonstall, William Sergeant, Samuel Sewall, William Stoughton, and Wait Winthrop. The end result of the trials was 29 guilty Verdicts, 19 were hanged. And the remaining convicted and accused released over a period of years after the governed had ordered they’re released. These trials are very unique in American history because, there were no local newspapers available at the time. And the way the information was received by the Salem residence, the county of Essex, and New England were by word of mouth, in other words gossips. Norton transcribes, ‘Behind most events in the crisis lay gossip. With one very short-lived exception, late-seventeenth-century New England had no locally produced newspaper or magazines, and so information spread primarily through talk among neighbors, friend, and relatives’ understanding the dynamic of the witchcraft crisis requires paying attention to the ways in which news transmitted from person to person, farm to farm, town to town’. People must have constantly discussed the most recent fits and complaints of the afflicted, along with other news stemming from examinations and, later, trials (Norton, 2002, pp. 6). In the outcome of the trials, the initial works to inspect the episodes were produced by the Puritans themselves. Today Scholars have noticed hypothetically differences between the ones accused and the ones accusing, it was all based on the individual’s financial level. Most of the ones being accused lived the south and were generally better off financially, than many of the accusers. In a great number of cases, people blamed a family to gain their property from them after being convicted of witchcraft. In addition, the accused and the accusers normally took opposite sides when it came to congregational schism that split the Salem community, before the eruption of the witch hysteria. Scholars also noted that while many of the ones accused were in support for the former minister George Burroughs, it is to be believed that the accusers had for the most part played a leading role in the compelling Burroughs to leave Salem. In the conclusion many scholars drew from this pattern, they held that property disputes and congregational feuds had a major influence in the determination of who lived, and who died during the trials.
...(download the rest of the essay above)
If you use part of this page in your own work, you need to provide a citation, as follows:
Essay Sauce, Witches . Available from:<https://www.essaysauce.com/history-essays/witches/> [Accessed 29-06-24].
These History essays have been submitted to us by students in order to help you with your studies.
* This essay may have been previously published on Essay.uk.com at an earlier date.
The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: A Review Karlsen, Carol F. The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England. New York: Vintage, 1987. The Devil in the Shape of a Woman by Carol Karlsen takes a closer look at the females being accused of witchcraft in colonial New England. American history has few subjects as interesting as witchcraft , because it confronts us with many different ideas about women. It confronts us with fears about women, the place of women in society, and with women themselves. Also, it confronts us with violence against women and how the problems of society were often blamed on women. Even though some men were executed during periods of …show more content…
Most of the society believed in witches, and those who did not were usually suspected of being witches. Some colonists believed that witches were simply criminals that worked in supernatural ways and that were threats to their neighbors. But more interesting, was the view of the clergy, and specifically the Puritan church. They saw witches as not only enemies of their neighbors, but also enemies of God. They believed that witches had entered into an evil contract with the Devil, in which they would recruit others to destroy the Puritan churches. Without significant support for at least one of the views, the accuser in some cases could be brought up on slander charges. When both views had support, the accused person was likely to be declared a witch. Then they were considered an enemy of the New England society and the Puritan Faith. Additionally, when both of these views were very intense, the accusations would multiply and would effect the lives of not just one or two, but many. According to Karelsen, many of the society’s problems were often blamed on witchcraft. The witches in New England were said to be able to harm others in supernatural ways, so major illnesses were often blamed on them. Also, people believed witches had powers over animals and crops. They were often accused for bad harvests and livestock dying. They were also commonly blamed for miscarriages,
New England in the seventeenth century was a difficult place to live. The raging winds of winter, the ravaging Indian tribes and the many diseases that killed both livestock and family members often had inhabitants believing that they were being punished by God for their sins, or that their afflictions were caused by something much more sinister. Anyone who threatened traditional gender and societal roles was seen as a potential threat to both themselves and the rest of the community. The outbreaks of witch accusations that occurred throughout New England during this time reflected how unsettled the settlers really felt about their lives. This is reflected in both the Salem, Massachusetts witch trials and the Stamford, Connecticut witch trials even if these trials had different results.
In the Puritan religion, there was a strict code to follow. Children couldn’t even have an imagination, and no one could sing or dance either. This was because everybody was all scared of the devil. If one person went off track of the religion by just a little bit, they were thought of as helpers of satan, or as they were called witches. Once the whole hysteria started, people grew even more scared of the devil and even the smallest bit of suspicion that one person was disobeying the religion, they would be accused. Once you were accused, you it was hard to be let off the hook. Most people would just confess to being a witch so they would just go to jail. On the other hand, if you denied it, you would most likely be hanged. I the end, religion was a huge factor to the start of the Salem witch trials.
In the colonial era in Salem, Massachusetts the idea of witches became present in this time, this caused the Salem Witch Trials which killed and falsely accused many people from 1692-1693. Those accused of being a witch or part of the witch trials usually had some strange oddity to them, or they were different than the average person. People with any abnormality from the regular society of 1692-1693 would have been accused of being a part of the Salem Witch Trials and was the cause of this horrific event that happened from around 1692-1693. The largest “abnormality” group was the females at the time, most females in this area and time period would be accused of being a witch which would lead to the idea of sexism. People who wouldn't attend church like the rest society would be thought as outcasts or abnormal, and people who always had to depend on others and were less than average society, would most likely be accused of witchcraft.
In 17th-century Colonial America, contact with the supernatural was considered part of everyday life; many people believed that evil spirits were present and active on Earth. This superstition emerged 15th century Europe and spread with the colonization of North American puritan colonies. Women were believed to be the most susceptible to demonic behavior; females were considered simple targets for Satan due to being viewed as the weaker sex physically, spiritually, and morally. Women who did not conform to the Puritan ideals at the time were usually ostracized, institutionalized, or brutally murdered. In 1692, thirteen women were famously put on trail for accusations of witchcraft; famously known as the Salem Witch Trails. Most of these women were put on trial and later burned to death for erratic and un-Godly behaviors, 78% of the people charged were women who were accused of doing devilish things such as; speaking out against church officials, being a financially wealthy widow, having pre marital sex, or just being too beautiful. According to Michael Coren’s Why Catholics are Right “five million women were killed by the Church as witches… witch hunts began in the sixteenth century in Europe and that between 30,000 and 50,000 men and women were burned to death for
Church was the foundation of life in New England. People in Massachusetts were Puritans colonists seeking freedom and religious acceptance by leaving England. The Puritan lifestyle was self-controlled and firmly enforced. Since Puritans were expected to live by a resistant code; they believed that all sins committed should be punished and that God would punish sinful behavior. When someone went against their codes, Puritans saw it as God’s will to not help them. In keeping up with the Puritan code of obedience, the many women to be accused of witchcraft in Salem were seen as divergent and social
The Puritans during the witch hunt believed that women were unholy by nature and felt that women should be “sweet” and responsible, and if you didn’t act as such they would accuse you of being a witch. They lived under harsh rules and brought the same intolerance they had from fleeing England to escape to Massachusetts Bay Colony. Majority of the accusations of being a witch were women but not all. An Indian woman named Tituba that was purchased from the Barbados by Samuel Parris was being a witch. She had very good knowledge of the supernatural and they began to suspect her of being accused for witchcraft or
In this book Carol Karlsen reveals the social construction of witchcraft in 17th century New England, and brings forth the portrait of gender in the New England Society.
To completely understand the history of New England witchcraft you have to understand the role of colonial women. The author of this book, Carol Karlsen, used a lot of Secondary and primary sources to support her thesis. She uses first hand accounts of witch
The Salem Witch Trials were a time of paranoia and mass hysteria. In this small town of Massachusetts hundreds were accused of witchcraft and 19 people were executed. Salem was home to very devout Puritans. The worries arrived when young girls would become sick with no explanation or cure. The doctors not knowing what the cause of the illness was, quickly pronounce the girls bewitched. It spread terror through the town. The girls, as well as other residents, started accusing others of witchery. Many accusations were because of vengeance or self-interest. There were rivalries between families over land or wealth. Neighbors started accusing each other in order to gain their land. The religious community had an intensified sense of fear that the Devil was walking among them. They believed witches were out to destroy the Puritans. In order to purify the village of evil they had trials for the accused.
Three centuries ago, the Puritan religion was the base of the Salem village and many townspeople strongly believed in the existence of witches and witchcraft. According to the common Puritan belief, witches were in alliance with the devil and were granted power to harm. People were blamed for illness, failed crops, to bad weather, and many other things that were evident centuries ago. Due to the belief in witchcraft villagers were, perhaps, inclined to the most improbable explanations. The Puritans held strict views, ways of living, perspectives fears, and fantasies. Many Puritan ministers used the the fear of witchcraft to scare the believers into following the church. Historians believe these strict Puritan ways of life may have brought upon the witchcraft hysteria in Salem. At the time, witches and witchcraft were a serious and viewed as a real threat; almost as real as
By examining the end to witchcraft, a reader can further see the importance of socioeconomic status during the trials. The afflicted girls discovered their role in putting an end to the allegations by accusing the highest members of Puritan society. Here a reader realizes it was not just mostly women who were accused, but mostly women of low socioeconomic status. Once women began denouncing the most prestigious members, others began speaking out and fighting in favor of the accused. For example, colonial economic and political leaders started objecting the accusations once “the bewitched had charged the wives of critics Moody, Hale, and Dane, as well as several members of Boston’s ruling elite.” On the off-chance that people never blamed the elite members of society who knows how long the Salem Witch Trials would have kept going.
In 1692-1693, the Salem Witch Trial Hysteria occurred, resulting in 20 deaths out of the 200 accused of practicing the Devil’s magic, a practice that women were commonly accused of. Salem, Massachusetts, was a colony that consisted of Puritans, both Separatists and non Separatists alike. From the start, the Puritans believed that the Bible was true in all aspects: every word, every idea, every thought--was true. The Puritans also had minimal understanding of science, which led them to believe that phenomenon was an act of the Devil. Thus, when three young girls admitted to seeing demons and started behaving strangely, the Puritans grew progressively hysterical because they became more convinced that witches existed within Salem as they had little scientific knowledge. In a nutshell, the cause of the Salem Witch Trial Hysteria were Puritan fundamentalism, misogyny, and hysteria.
In the 1680’s and 1690’s there was mass hysteria in New England over supposed witchcraft. The most famous outbreak was in Salem, Massachusetts, hence the name Salem Witch Trials. In Salem, there were young girls who started acting strangely, and they leveled accusations of witchcraft against some of the West Indian servants who were immersed in voodoo tradition. Most of the accusations were against women, and soon the accusations started to shift to the substantial and prominent women. Neighbors accused other neighbors, husbands accused their wives, etc. and it kept going on for a while. There was this nature of evil and the trials didn’t end until nineteen Salem residents were put to death in 1692, more importantly before the girls
Reis, Elizabeth. Damned Women: Sinners and Witches in Puritan New England. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1997.
The witchcraft crisis through colonial New England is visualized through the work of Mary Beth Norton and Carol F. Karlsen. The scholars demonstrate deep understanding in the subject, and both present valid information through their overall theses. In order to understand the complete story of witchery in the seventeenth-century, these two books intrigue the reader in what the authors want to present. Although, their research seems bias, both historians similarly delve into the topic with an open mind, and successfully uncover information that has not be presented before. Not only does Norton’s In the Devil’s Snare and Karlsen’s The Devil in the Shape of a Woman both represent the study of witchcraft through feminist ideals, Karlsen’s
Actress Suranne Jones is investigating the Pendle witch trials
Actress Suranne Jones is investigating the Pendle witches for a new TV series.
The Dr Foster star will be seen visiting Pendle, Lancashire, where one of the most infamous witch trials took place in 1612.
Ms Jones, who appeared in Coronation Street between 2000 and 2004, also travels to Germany, and to Massachusetts in the USA where the Salem witch trials took place in the 1690s.
Hailing from Oldham, around 35 miles from Pendle, she had assumed tales of the witches were widely known.
"But of course now people have said, on no we didn't really know about Pendle," she said.
She added: "I am really interested in fairy tales and witches and folklore.
"I love that I am drawn to these women who... are wild, of nature.
"There is a resurgence in the use of spells and witchcraft and the term witch.
"So we wanted to link it and we spoke to lots of amazing academics."
The Pendle witch trials were held after a woman called Alizon Demdike cursed a pedlar who would not give her any pins.
The pedlar collapsed and his son reported it to an ambitious local magistrate, Roger Nowell.
Demdike confessed to bewitching the pedlar but also accused her neighbours, who the family were having a feud with, of bewitching and killing four people.
The neighbours pointed the finger straight back at Demdike, accusing her of witchcraft.
The resulting trials would see 10 people executed, including Demdike's entire family.
The first episode of Suranne Jones: Investigating Witch Trials airs on Channel 4 on Sunday 23 June.
Listen to the best of BBC Radio Lancashire on Sounds and follow BBC Lancashire on Facebook , external , X , external and Instagram , external . You can also send story ideas to [email protected] , external
This essay about the Korean War highlights its significance in global geopolitics and American foreign policy during the early Cold War. Spanning from 1950 to 1953, the conflict arose from the division of Korea and marked a critical point in the U.S. fight against communist expansion. Despite being overshadowed by other wars, the Korean War catalyzed the American military-industrial complex, influenced internal politics, and emphasized America’s commitment to defending democracy. The war’s legacy continues to impact discussions on international security and foreign policy.
How it works
Korean War, what is often darkened by greater conflicts like World War Second and Vietnam in American history, however stands how a critical turning point in global geopolitics and American foreign policy during the early era of Cold War. Hugging with 1950 to 1953, this conflict on Korean Peninsula gave a kind new international mutual relations and underscored of the American role how global superpower in the consequence of the World Second War.
Appearing from the separation of Korea along 38 – ? of parallel after World War Second, Korean War was light-struck, when North-Korean zmusza, supported by Soviet Union, put in an operation unexpected encroachment to South Korea of June, 25, 1950.
united states, in reply, entered quickly, to support South Korea under the flag of United Nations, marking the substantial moving in the direction of active military interference against communist expansionism.
Led General by Douglas Macarthur, American zmusza a bold reptile is executed landing in Inchon in September 1950, that changed a war stream in behalf on South. However, a conflict grew showy, when In China zmusza interferes on behalf of north Korea, conduces to the not nice hopeless situation, that led itself during three years to a truce was not signed on July, 27, 1953.
Korean War had deep internal values also, catalyzing expansion of the American military-industrial complex and fears of communist infiltration that tucked in a fuel Red Fright and Maccartyzm, that put in an operation. Without regard to his patient operating on Us foreign policy and military strategy, Korean War is often duplicated the “Forgotten War” from his darkening by later conflicts.
However, the inheritance of Korean War stands how a testament to the American obligation before defence of democracy and maintenance of communism during a central moment in Cold War. Establishment of the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DEMILITARIZED ZONE), what follows by a truce, becomes the sharp remark of indecisive tension on Korean Peninsula.
Thus, Korean War becomes a central division for Us history, illustrating difficulties of geopolitics of Cold War and strong action of American interventionism. His lessons prolong to philosophize in the discussions of international safety, rule of alliance, and consequences of military obligation abroad, providing the valuable penetrating in an evolution Us foreign policy in 20 – to the ? century and on.
The Korean War in US History: A Crucial Turning Point. (2024, Jun 28). Retrieved from https://papersowl.com/examples/the-korean-war-in-us-history-a-crucial-turning-point/
"The Korean War in US History: A Crucial Turning Point." PapersOwl.com , 28 Jun 2024, https://papersowl.com/examples/the-korean-war-in-us-history-a-crucial-turning-point/
PapersOwl.com. (2024). The Korean War in US History: A Crucial Turning Point . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/the-korean-war-in-us-history-a-crucial-turning-point/ [Accessed: 29 Jun. 2024]
"The Korean War in US History: A Crucial Turning Point." PapersOwl.com, Jun 28, 2024. Accessed June 29, 2024. https://papersowl.com/examples/the-korean-war-in-us-history-a-crucial-turning-point/
"The Korean War in US History: A Crucial Turning Point," PapersOwl.com , 28-Jun-2024. [Online]. Available: https://papersowl.com/examples/the-korean-war-in-us-history-a-crucial-turning-point/. [Accessed: 29-Jun-2024]
PapersOwl.com. (2024). The Korean War in US History: A Crucial Turning Point . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/the-korean-war-in-us-history-a-crucial-turning-point/ [Accessed: 29-Jun-2024]
Hire a writer to get a unique paper crafted to your needs.
Our writers will help you fix any mistakes and get an A+!
Please check your inbox.
You can order an original essay written according to your instructions.
Trusted by over 1 million students worldwide
1. Tell Us Your Requirements
2. Pick your perfect writer
3. Get Your Paper and Pay
Hi! I'm Amy, your personal assistant!
Don't know where to start? Give me your paper requirements and I connect you to an academic expert.
short deadlines
100% Plagiarism-Free
Certified writers
Top of page
June 27, 2024
Posted by: Laura Kells
One of the things that I love about being a processing archivist in the Manuscript Division is the immediate connection to the past that comes from touching something that was first held by its creator long ago. Decades or centuries later, I sometimes look at an item and try to imagine the setting where it was written or received.
There can be physical clues on a document that help me picture the scene. Writing paper, whether a folded sheet fastened with sealing wax, monogrammed stationery, or notebook paper, provides clues about the writer’s life, as do lingering scents. A splash of coffee or a cigarette burn on a page adds to the story a document tells and leads me to imagine a person smoking or drinking coffee while hard at work.
Recently, while organizing the papers of U.S. Army officer and entomologist K. C. Emerson (1918-1993), I came across a document that fueled my imagination. It was a telegram, sent by Major General Edward F. Witsel to Emerson’s wife, Mary Rebecca, on September 17, 1945, informing her that her husband “was returned to Military Control 8 Sept 45 and is being returned to the United States.” Having survived the Bataan Death March in 1942, Emerson spent the remainder of World War II in a series of Japanese prisoner of war camps in the Philippines and Japan.
Undoubtedly Mary Rebecca received this telegram announcing her husband’s release after more than three years in captivity with joy and treasured it for years. I was intrigued, however, by the apparent water stains smudging the ink. No other document had them. I began picturing various scenarios that might have caused such markings. Was it raining when the telegram was delivered? Did Mary Rebecca have wet hands from washing dishes when the doorbell rang? Did the ink smear when she tried to wipe away her tears of joy that fell on the paper? Of course, I will never know what really happened, but it was fun to wonder.
Over the thirty years I have worked on collections of personal papers, physical documents such as letters and telegrams have been increasingly replaced by forms of digital communication. While there are certainly benefits to these newer formats, I feel sad for what we have lost. The intimacy of a lipstick kiss or ink stained by tears on a letter cannot be replicated in an email or text. Neither can the feeling of connection to the past that comes from touching something that was actually there.
Do you want more stories like this? Then subscribe to Unfolding History – it’s free!
I love this. I can only imagine what it must have felt like to receive a letter like this. What an interesting perspective.
Great stuff! Keep them coming.
The grid lines in the staining are intriguing. Perhaps the telegram was stored on a screen that later got wet, or maybe a wicker basket. I see a few areas that remind me of a tic-tac-toe grid, as well as some longer hash marks that seem to be aligned from top left to bottom right. Perhaps something wet was dragged a short distance across the telegram in that direction, or the telegram itself was dragged across something wet.
See All Comments
This blog is governed by the general rules of respectful civil discourse. You are fully responsible for everything that you post. The content of all comments is released into the public domain unless clearly stated otherwise. The Library of Congress does not control the content posted. Nevertheless, the Library of Congress may monitor any user-generated content as it chooses and reserves the right to remove content for any reason whatever, without consent. Gratuitous links to sites are viewed as spam and may result in removed comments. We further reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to remove a user's privilege to post content on the Library site. Read our Comment and Posting Policy .
Required fields are indicated with an * asterisk.
National Geographic Explorer Keolu Fox says the key to harnessing the technology of tomorrow is centering traditions of the past.
Water and wealth are constructed from the same word in Hawaiian. These terms— wai and waiwai, respectively—are an indelible part of who I am, and who Native Hawaiians are. They’re reminders that we’ve always valued the abundant natural beauty and life-giving resources of our homelands. There is perhaps no better example of this than ahupua‘a land divisions, a socio-economic and geological system that Hawaiian communities designed more than a thousand years ago to apportion the islands into seasonally responsive slices that ran from the mountains to the sea. These land divisions fed snowmelt along irrigation routes to terraced taro patches. They provided valuable bacteria and phytonutrients to fishponds. Those fish then populated the inner reefs and, once mature, the Pacific Ocean. The system itself was highly organized and politically complex. It supported a huge labor force and provided a sustainable supply of food for the entire population.
( Discover the ahupua‘a system in our interactive story. )
Across the world, Indigenous communities have long been incubators of sustainable systems. Pueblo and other Native architects developed ingenious multistory housing uniquely crafted for the deserts of North America. Aboriginal communities in Australia perfected the ecologically enriching land management practice known as cultural burning . These systems, like our land divisions, reflect a union of the local culture and environment, one that keeps the needs of a community and the planet in balance.
( Aboriginal women are reclaiming their relationship with cultural fire. )
As we all strive to imagine the future, the inevitability of extractive capitalism should not be assumed. Rather, it’s important to think deeply about how to build an alternative reality—one where Indigenous perspectives on relationships to land, sea, sky, and cosmos are the guiding force. We should all ask, What would our planet look like in Indigenous hands?
Charting an Indigenous future will require a shift in our consciousness. We can optimize landscapes for exponential growth, profit, and, eventually, failure, or we can optimize for harmony and balance. To quote an ancient Hawaiian chief, “He ali‘i ka ‘āina, the land is a chief; he kauwā ke kanaka, humans are its servants.”
Rather than focus on short-term gains, we must prioritize future generations.
I once stumbled upon an elder balancing the books of a casino in the Pacific Northwest. I was surprised to find that this gentleman was not using a model based on quarterly, or even annual, returns; his spreadsheet’s financial plan extended 10 generations into the future.
Over the past several decades, Indigenous communities have seen various economic drivers come and go, from natural resource extraction—oil, gas, and coal—to gaming and casinos. It’s clear that data is next. Is there a more valuable resource today on the planet?
To be in control of their assets, Indigenous peoples should build their own data centers—but in such a way that they would be not only sovereign but also sustainable, in harmony and balance with nature. Rather than follow the example of titan chipmaker TSMC, which chose the sweltering expanses of Phoenix for two planned factories, we could situate these critical infrastructures in cool climates abundant in natural water resources and reduce the energy consumption needed to keep them from overheating. Companies and countries too should think beyond tax incentives and weak labor markets when deciding where data centers should be built. Indigenous communities might offer their own examples for the design and implementation of these centers, powered by renewable energy sources that respect the Earth’s rhythms and acknowledge that resources aren’t just resources—they’re ancestors.
( Deb Haaland: A new era of partnership between tribal nations and the federal government )
To realize a world that revolves around these shared values, all of us must think further into the future.
Imagine Indigenous scientists using the tools of synthetic biology to heal the Earth by genome-editing bacteria to metabolize plastic in the ocean into biofuel . Gaping holes left festering from the violent pursuit of critical minerals, such as lithium , cobalt , and tantalum , are remediated and transformed into pristine freshwater aquifers—poison sucked out like a snakebite. Imagine storing data in the genomes of indigenous photosynthesizing plants , an idea that already is more science than fiction: In 2017 researchers announced that they had used the gene-editing system Crispr to encode a digital movie into the DNA of a population of E. coli bacteria. Imagine the roots of these carbon-negative “data centers” simultaneously encouraging biodiversity, treating soil that has been polluted for centuries, and providing fruits and vegetables for local farmers to sell.
Rather than cities all converging on the same look of Ikea-brochure apartments and placeless, copy-and-paste office towers, our built environment might reflect local innovation, heritage, and culture. Imagine that homes are once again living ancestors: Ancient, local soil is repurposed into bio-concrete infused with genome-editing bacteria that seal cracks by calcifying into new limestone. Imagine building materials with photosynthetic properties that draw energy from the sun, or bioluminescence that might dim our harsh, urban glare and restore the view of the night sky our people once knew. Imagine 3D-printing urban structures into ancient shapes, like the tangled, twisting, living bridges that the Khasi and Jaintia people in India wove from the roots of trees.
One vision of Indigenous futurism is alternative history. A time line where Captain Cook never makes it to Hawai‘i, Cortés never arrives at Tenochtitlan in search of gold, and the Niña, Pinta, and Santa María are still trees planted in the earth. Where would Indigenous peoples be? What would they have become? But there’s another time line we should consider—one that doesn’t require us to change the past, just the future: Land and ancestors returned. Cities and rural landscapes where technology and nature coexist. Community networks thriving on decentralized digital platforms that empower local decision-making and facilitate a barter-based economy rooted in shared resources and knowledge. Matriarchy restored . Education systems that immerse students in Indigenous histories and cultures, fostering a global citizenship that respects and celebrates both the ancient and the futuristic.
Charting this Indigenous future—shifting our consciousness—will mean adopting a shared vision where the wisdom of the past guides us for generations to come. One where technology serves humanity’s deepest values and aspirations. Where the guardianship of the Earth and the equitable distribution of its resources define progress.
( This Hawaiian geneticist works to empower Indigenous peoples. )
Copyright © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society Copyright © 2015-2024 National Geographic Partners, LLC. All rights reserved
This engaging history lesson goes left-field as Jones gets in touch with the witchiness inside every woman
Whatever you expected from a documentary called Suranne Jones: Investigating Witch Trials (Channel 4), it probably wasn’t Jones and singer Bat for Lashes communicating with one another in wolf howls. But this two-part series is part-history, part-Jones getting in touch with the witchiness inside every woman.
Howling is one way to do it - Bat for Lashes, aka Natasha Khan , says: “I think we’re all witches. A witch is just a woman who is in tune with mystical forces and the unconscious power of the cycles of life.” Right you are. Over in east London, a woman known as The Witch of Hackney Wick roped Jones into her spell “to break the cycle of persecution of women past and present”. For reasons I didn’t quite catch, this involved bashing up walnuts with a hammer.
Jones has always been intrigued by the idea of witches because she grew up near Pendle in Lancashire, site of notorious witch trials in 1612. The actress explored the history of what happened in Pendle before travelling to Germany, where close to 20,000 women were executed for witchcraft, during this time. In the second episode she visits Salem, Massachusetts, to hear about the witch trials which Arthur Miller used as an allegory for McCarthyism in The Crucible hundreds of years later.
An array of experts provided insight into the historical background. In 1487, German Catholic clergyman Heinrich Kramer produced the Malleus Maleficarum, a handy guide to identifying, torturing and killing your local witch. The arrival of the printing press allowed his words to be disseminated far and wide. James I of England was “obsessed” with the idea of witchcraft, and prosecuting witches was seen as a way of currying the king’s favour.
Spikes in witch hunting also coincided with periods of bad weather which affected crops, leaving the population hungry and desperate - conditions which, according to the academics, make people more susceptible to conspiracy theories because they are looking for someone or something to blame for their misery.
The awfulness of the accused women’s predicament (it was also noted that some of the executed ‘witches’ were men, but the majority were women) was well-conveyed, along with the absurd catch-22s: having witnesses to say you could not have harmed someone because you were asleep in your bed at the time only compounded the prosecution evidence, because it meant that you had the magical power to be in two places at once.
Jones made the point that ‘witch’ is a derogatory term while ‘wizard’ is not, when their supposed powers are similar. The narrative then ran away with her as the programme attempted to link the lingering taint of witchcraft accusations to Hilary Clinton and QAnon, influencer Andrew Tate and the overturning of Roe vs Wade. But Jones was always engaging, and it was nice to see a celebrity with a genuine passion for the subject rather than someone going through the motions.
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
In Windsor, Connecticut in 1647, Alse Young was the first person in America executed for witchcraft. Before Connecticut's final witch trial took place in 1697, forty-six people were accused of ...
Indeed, one of the widely accepted definitions of magic within the community, which comes from British occultist Dion Fortune, who lived in the first half of the 20th century, is "the art of ...
General Overviews. The works in this section represent broad introductions to the topic of witchcraft in the Middle Ages. Golden 2006 is a handy encyclopedia. Klaniczay 2010 provides a useful historiographical essay on the development of witchcraft studies as a field: though many of the references concern the Early Modern rather than the medieval period, the general trends identified there may ...
The history of witches and witchcraft encompasses a vast tapestry of human beliefs, fears, and cultural dynamics, and has left an indelible mark on human history. From ancient times to modern-day practices, from the witch hunts of the past to trending Wicca interests, the allure of the supernatural and the quest for understanding the unknown ...
Witchcraft, traditionally, the exercise or invocation of alleged supernatural powers to control people or events, practices typically involving sorcery or magic. Witchcraft thus defined is an imaginative stereotype that has a long history and has constituted for many cultures a viable explanation of evil in the world.
The Witches of Oz, 1900. In L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, there is a witch for each cardinal direction: North and South are good, while East and West are wicked. A Kansan tornado lands young Dorothy in this magical kingdom—and makes her the perpetrator of accidental manslaughter (R.I.P. Wicked Witch of the East, we hardly knew ...
Salem witch trials, (June 1692-May 1693), in American history, a series of investigations and persecutions that caused 19 convicted "witches" to be hanged and many other suspects to be imprisoned in Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (now Danvers, Massachusetts).. Witch hunts. The events in Salem in 1692 were but one chapter in a long story of witch hunts that began in Europe ...
The history of witchcraft and sorcery has attracted a great deal of interest and debate, but until now studies have been largely from the Anglo-Saxon perspective. ... The trials resulted in as many as fifty thousand executions.These essays study the rise and fall of witchcraft prosecutions in the various kingdoms and territories of Europe and ...
The history of witchcraft scholarship demonstrates in many ways the evolution of the historical practice. 9 Margaret Murray, an early twentieth-century witchcraft scholar whose work I discuss below, writes that "[t]he subject of Witches and Witchcraft has always suffered from the biased opinions of the commentators, both contemporary and of ...
Anthropological Literature is a bibliographic index to articles and essays on anthropology and archaeology, including art history, demography, economics, psychology, and religious studies. ... Gaskill examines the witch-hunts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and explores the reinvention of witchcraft - as history, religion, fiction ...
Abstract. The scholarly study of the history of witchcraft, which began with the publication of Wilhelm Soldan's study of witch trials in the mid-nineteenth century, continues to grow at a furious pace and shows no signs of abating. This book aims to summarize the current state of knowledge in the field; identify the most important historical ...
T.H. Matteson, Examination of a Witch, 1853 Public domain via Wikimedia Commons. The Salem witch trials occurred in colonial Massachusetts between early 1692 and mid-1693. More than 200 people ...
It is quite unclear when exactly people with "supernatural" abilities were first given the name 'witch' but the first ever recorded history of a witch is found in the bible. It can be found in Samuel 1 and was thought to be written between 931 B. C. and 721 B. C.
Abstract. In this essay, Matthew Dennis and Elizabeth Reis examine how the history of women and witch-hunting was embedded in the history of power, especially patriarchy, a social order pervasive in the early American era that assigned women unique social and spiritual roles, which were often oppressive, but which cannot be reduced simply to misogyny—the hatred of women.
the Salem witch-hunts. Contemporary witch-hunts exist in spaces where women hold positions of power or possess similar characteristics to that of the women who were deemed witches centuries ago. This essay examines the Salem, Massachusetts, witch hunts of 1692 by looking at ways the witch image can be used to reinforce gender
Witches presenting wax dolls to the devil, featured in The History of Witches and Wizards (1720) — Source (Wellcome Library) The publishing revolution of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries witnessed an explosion of printed material, democratising information and pushing it into the hands and sight of more people than ever before.
Between the years 1450 and 1750, approximately 72,500 women were formally accused and 45,000 were executed for witchcraft in Britain and Europe.1 The question of why so many women were accused of witchcraft is bound up with two other questions: why were so many people thought to be witches2 and why were so many of them old, widowed, poor women.
Salem Witch Trials: Conclusion and Legacy . Though the respected minister Cotton Mather had warned of the dubious value of spectral evidence (or testimony about dreams and visions), his concerns ...
I do not agree with early academical writings of gender history. Their conclusion that the many witch trials through out history was targeted towards diminishing women dosen't simply stand up in the face of the evidence. There is sound logic in looking at misogyny when approaching witch craft, but this also excludes around 10-20% of the victims.
PREFACE. In its original form this essay was the dissertation submitted for a doctorate in philosophy conferred by Yale University in 1908. When first projected it was the writer's purpose to take up the subject of English witchcraft under certain general political and social aspects.
[male witches] as historical subjects'. 11 Apart from a couple of examples from the 1970s, articles and essays devoted to case studies of individual male witches or to regions that had a preponderance of male witches also began to be published only from 1990, with a steady trickle of such publications dating from the late 1990s onwards.12
Channel 4's two-part documentary, "Suranne Jones: Investigating Witch Trials", sees the actor examine how women throughout history have been labelled as witches and the shocking abuse they have ...
In past history witches 'since long before the sixteenth century, people had believed that some persons had superpower, the ability to perform good or harmful magic (or both). A good witch, or cunning women, as magic workers were often called, might, for example, heal persons or animals by incantations or potions; she might just as readily ...
Witches Essay. Good Essays. 1357 Words; 6 Pages; Open Document. The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: A Review Karlsen, Carol F. The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New ... To completely understand the history of New England witchcraft you have to understand the role of colonial women. The author of this book, Carol Karlsen ...
Actress Suranne Jones is investigating the Pendle witches for a new TV series. The Dr Foster star will be seen visiting Pendle, Lancashire, where one of the most infamous witch trials took place ...
Essay Example: Korean War, what is often darkened by greater conflicts like World War Second and Vietnam in American history, however stands how a critical turning point in global geopolitics and American foreign policy during the early era of Cold War. Hugging with 1950 to 1953, this conflict
Recently, while organizing the papers of U.S. Army officer and entomologist K. C. Emerson (1918-1993), I came across a document that fueled my imagination. It was a telegram, sent by Major General Edward F. Witsel to Emerson's wife, Mary Rebecca, on September 17, 1945, informing her that her husband "was returned to Military Control 8 Sept ...
Essay After growing for decades, this year the U.S. debt will roughly match its GDP. Throughout history, nations that blithely piled up their obligations have eventually met unhappy ends.
Charting an Indigenous future will require a shift in our consciousness. We can optimize landscapes for exponential growth, profit, and, eventually, failure, or we can optimize for harmony and ...
The actress explored the history of what happened in Pendle before travelling to Germany, where close to 20,000 women were executed for witchcraft, during this time.