how hard is phd in computer science

Is Studying a PhD in Computer Science a Crazy Idea? Pros and Cons

Are you considering a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Computer Science but feel pretty unsure whether it's the right thing to do?

Gather round cos I've recently been weighing up this decision myself!

I don't mind getting stuck into books and studying, I also love the University experience.

So, it's got to be a rewarding experience! And should help further my career.

The answer turned out a bit more nuanced than that!

I know that as I've spent hours trawling the web for opinions, experiences and advice on sites like Quora and Reddit. This article is a summary of that work, listing every pro and con I could find.

1. What are the Pros of studying a PhD?

There are a few career paths facilitated by studying a PhD

• Academic research
• Commercial research (think having a role Google's DeepMind)
• Teaching at the college/university level. [3]

I haven't listed software development as a PhD is definitely not required to become a coder.

A bachelor's degree in Computer Science or Software Engineering is the requirement for most companies. Either of those degrees will give you the foundation necessary to understand programming at a deeper level and prepare you for a career in industry.

A PhD is mainly about research and opens up a host of advance and research-oriented opportunities. [2] The primary requirement to earn a PhD is that you must create new knowledge about your subject. . [5] [4] Even as a Professor, research may still feature high in your tasks.

There are, however, an increasing number of PhD jobs required in computer science such as research scientist for many of the top tech companies, where you would cover many of the same duties as during your PhD but on their commercial behalf. [3]

Even if you pursue a role as a coder, having a research focused background as a developer can help set you apart and bring new strengths and perspectives to a development team.

A PhD encourages you to take a more holistic approach to project solving. [3]

I like this quote I found from a developer:

"_Having said that and having been working in (effectively) an industry developer job for the past five years, what I've found is that my training has prepared me very well to ask questions at a higher level of abstraction, to recognize and plug gaps in our knowledge, and to think a bit beyond the highly focused build this now mentality that often drives development. _" [3]

During a PhD, you master teaching yourself how to learn, how to write well, and how to methodically solve problems. [3]

Additionally, many come into a Computer Science PhD from different fields and actually learn to code on the course. Switching to Computer Science at PhD level, where you solve problems with practical skills and technology, may ultimately benefit your career as compared to staying on your current trajectory.

1.3 It's Interesting

You've got free access to the latest/classified research, top class library services and access to leading professors in their field.

1.4 Prestige

Pulling off some high level and published research may bring you notoriety, eventually allowing to become recognized as a famous Professors/Researcher such as Canadian computer scientist Yoshua Bengio. [6]

1.5 Networking

You will undoubtedly meet some inspirational and well-connected people from all over the world.

Often those pursuing a PhD are among the most intelligent and educated of society. The crème de la crème of their perspective countries. Networking with them, and building friendships, will open a host of new career and travel opportunities.

1.6 It's Fun

Universities are a highly concentrated spaces of dynamic and energetic people.

You've got societies to pursue your hobbies and interests, parties and the good old university bar. Not to mention, subsidized gyms, food and often, accomodation.

Some of us, myself included, thrive in such as environment.

1.7 Self-fulfilment

A PhD will help feed an intellectual curiosity.

Do you like to inquire, invent, create, explore, read, discuss, ponder, teach and discover the unknown?

Compared with the rigid tasks of a normal job, a PhD let's you pioneer research, sketch out solutions to the unknown and share all of that with the world through academic publishing.

If you're the type of person who doesn't want to merely make things but understand why things work, a PhD might be for you.

2. What are the Cons that come with studying a PhD?

2.1 narrows your focus.

During a PhD you study a subset of Computer Science and although you become an expert in that area, you may lose touch with the broader understanding of the field.

For example, being super knowledgeable about, say, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) while knowing little to nothing about Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) or even more basic ML models (e.g. Logistic Regression) will reduce your overall employability to a very specific number of jobs. [1]

Unless you attain a scholarship, there is a hidden cost to PhDs that's notwithstanding the fees.

Those with a bachelor's or master's degree pursuing an industry role will be able to earn well, save and invest for the future.

PhDs are, therefore, incredibly expensive because your stipend is low compared to industry salaries and you are losing out of several years of salary reasonably early in your working life.

If you take into account compound interest, these few years will be worth the most when you retire. If you get average 8% return on investment, every $100k now earnt is $1M when you are 60. [7]

You can probably get a higher salary after getting a PhD, but chances are, if you continued working for 4-5 years, you would be getting similar salary as well.

You need to consider whether the non-monetary rewards of a PhD are worth that hidden cost.

The 5 or more years of your life exchanged for a PhD are, for most people, among your most productive, fruitful, healthy, and responsibility-free years of life.

Some people prefer to use that time climbing the career ladder, renovating a home, spending time with relatives or starting a business.

Attaining a PhD is a grind where constant and long-term deadlines are a stress that hangs over you.

2.4 Supervisor

During your PhD, you will generally be monitored by a supervisor.

Something I've seen come up a lot is that many students experience a bad relationship with their supervisor or feel that they're being steered in a direction contrary to their interests.

Studying a PhD doesn't equate to free reign. Be prepared to compromise and answer to a someone else, much in the same way in the real world.

2.5 Isn't Needed For Majority of Industry Roles

As rightly discussed in the pros, certain research career opportunities arise when studying a PhD.

However, for the majority of software roles, everything you can do with a PhD you can also do with a BSc or MSc. You might even be considered over-qualified for some jobs.

PhD students are also more likely perform worse on technical interviews than non-PhDs as they're often out of practice with coding (being so focused on research). Or, if they do code, it's in a more obscure language. [7]

With or without a PhD, you have to answer the same questions when interviewing in the industry: what can you do, what have you done, what skills and qualities make you the best candidate and the best fit?

Top tech companies judge you based on your interview performance, not your resume.

You may aspire to a faculty role, working as a professor, however, industry roles are often more numerous, more generously compensated, and provide a better work-life balance.

Research roles may also require you to move yourself and your family to wherever tenure beckons.

This point is contested but in some specialties of Computer Science, the research in industrial settings is arguably more relevant and more interesting, think of the research that Google and Facebook conduct in their own R&D departments.

2.6 A PhD is Antiquated

The concept of a PhD precedes the online education revolution of recent times, driven by technology and the limitless amount of information and tools available to us.

Nowadays, you can get PhD equivalent knowledge and skills in many fields just by learning on your own without costly time, energy, and career sacrifices using online courses (Code Academy, Coursera, edX, MIT OpenCourseWare , Udemy, etc.) [1]

Additionally, you are not limited in any way to keep up with trends, connect with leaders in the field, go to conferences, and immerse yourself in the field. Many industry practitioners indeed do.

2.7 It's hard

Doing a PhD will be completely different to your day job.

You probably find the technical side of your job pretty easy most of the time but your PhD should genuinely challenge you (if it doesn't, you've chosen too easy a project).

But there is also the psychological aspect of a 5+ year project that will sometimes feel like it's going nowhere. Although your supervisor will guide you, they won't give you the answers on a plate. It can be lonely. [1]

If you do not have the skills to learn on your own, nor motivation, curiosity, and discipline to manage your learning process, you're going to find it incredibly difficult and without a guarantee you'll actually graduate.

3. How to decide whether to pursue a PhD?

With all this taken into account, how do you come to a conclusion?

The most important question to start with is: "Can you do what you want to do without a PhD?"

Note, that you can't skip this question by saying, "Well, I don't know what I want to do." In that case, you need to figure it out before returning to the PhD question.

Also consider that for any given goal, getting a PhD will almost always be the "hardest way" to accomplish it. But for a select few number of goals, getting a PhD is also the only way to accomplish it, and therefore by definition also the easiest way.

For example, see yourself a 'professor and best-selling in a top academic institution' - then a PhD and the experience of one could be for you.

There are also two additional considerations _

Do you have a family to take care of, and can you do so just as well while working on a PhD? If you are currently raising a family, paying a mortgage on a home, and trying to send your kids to the best schools, then I would think long and hard before starting a PhD. A PhD is likely to substantially decrease both your time and money, two resources you need a lot of when you have a family.

If you don't currently have a family, mortgage, car, etc. doing a PhD may push certain life goals quite a bit further down the road.

Where are you planning to get your PhD from, and who will be your advisor? The institution you choose to do your PhD matters a lot more than where you did your undergrad. You really need to find a department that has the right reputation for your research interests.

My advice is, in order of priority:

• Do what you enjoy and will make you happy
• Do what will help you achieve your long-term goals
• Recognize that "success" means different things to different people
• Do not follow a path to satisfy someone else's aspirations
• Ensure it's the right time and that you can afford it

Basically, it's this - Pursue a PhD because you really, really want to explore and push the boundaries and you think it that will directly benefit your long term aims.

But, walk into it with the realization that it is very hard to get a job in academia (there are many more PhD grads than there are openings) and you may wind up back in the industry - the same place you would have been before, but years earlier.

Remember! You do not NEED a PhD. So it's OK to apply, see who admits you, and then decide if you really want to go or not. You should not decide to do a PhD, apply and then simply go to the best place that accepts you without proper consideration of all the points in this article. That's a recipe for misery! [1]

[1] https://quora.com/Am-I-crazy-to-leave-a-six-figure-salary-to-get-a-PhD-in-computer-science

[2] https://web.cs.dartmouth.edu/undergraduate/graduate-school-advice

[3] https://www.quora.com/Why-would-anyone-get-a-PhD-in-computer-science

[4] https://www.quora.com/Why-did-you-do-your-PhD-in-Computer-Science

[5] https://www.quora.com/Is-it-worth-it-to-get-a-PhD-in-computer-science-I-dont-want-to-become-a-teacher-at-a-university-I-want-to-get-a-job

About the Author

Hello there, my name is Joe aka "JD" aka "Scribbio", and you've landed on my side hobby! I enjoy writing articles that help individuals launch new careers in tech.

When I am not blogging, I work as a Software Engineering Bootcamp Educator and consultant specialising in the .NET framework and web technologies.

I coded CreativelyCode from scratch and am working hard to make it the best resource possible for our users. You can learn more about this site on the About page .

If you'd like to submit your own article or have any questions at all, please contact me on LinkedIn.

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Best Doctorates in Computer Science: Top PhD Programs, Career Paths, and Salaries

Getting a PhD in the field of computer science is the best way to influence the future of technological innovation and research. If you are interested in getting a computer science doctoral degree, then our list of the best PhDs in Computer Science will help you find the program that caters most to your goals.

A PhD in Computer Science can branch out into a wide variety of science and tech fields. Be it information assurance, computational science theory, or cyber operations, you can specialize your computer science PhD to suit your interests. In our guide, we’ve also gone into detail about the average PhD in Computer Science salary and the best computer science jobs PhD students can get.

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What is a phd in computer science.

A PhD in Computer Science is a doctoral degree where graduate students perform research and submit original dissertations covering advanced computing systems topics. Computer science is a broad field that covers artificial intelligence, operating systems, software engineering, and data science.

Your doctoral dissertation will include a research proposal, coursework in advanced topics related to computer science, and a thesis presentation. The wide span of this field allows you to choose a PhD program that can cover topics in any high-performance computing systems area.

How to Get Into a Computer Science PhD Program: Admission Requirements

The admissions requirements to get into a computer science PhD program include submitting your official transcripts from your undergraduate or graduate programs and resume. Your previous university coursework should showcase a strong background in software development, popular programming languages , and scientific computing.

Universities also usually require the submission of your GRE score. A combined score of 1,100 is typically where you want to be when applying to PhD programs. You’ll also usually be required to submit three or more letters of recommendation and a personal essay stating your thesis or research proposal. Keep in mind that each university’s admissions requirements will vary.

PhD in Computer Science Admission Requirements

• 3.0 or higher cumulative GPA
• Three letters of recommendation
• Official transcript from your undergraduate degree or your graduate degree
• Prerequisite courses covering computer science academic programs
• Personal statement highlighting proposal of thesis or research topic

Computer Science PhD Acceptance Rates: How Hard Is It to Get Into a PhD Program in Computer Science?

It is very hard to get into a PhD program in computer science. This is because prospective students need to meet a very competitive GPA, have an excellent academic background, and fulfill other advanced program requirements. Your chances of getting accepted into a computer science doctorate degree program will typically range between 10 to 20 percent.

In fact, less than 10 percent of computer science graduate applicants are accepted at the University of California. Similarly, Duke University reports that only around 15.7 percent of applicants were selected for its 2021 to 2022 computer science PhD program. Your acceptance relies on submitting a compelling thesis proposal statement that displays your passion and high academic competency.

How to Get Into the Best Universities

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Best PhDs in Computer Science: In Brief

Best universities for computer science phds: where to get a phd in computer science.

The best universities for computer science PhDs are Arizona State University, Boston University, Harvard University, Duke University, and Carnegie Mellon University. Each of these universities will help you advance your research and eventually get you a job in artificial intelligence , software development, or computing systems. We’ve also broken down the application process and other details for each program.

According to the US News & World Report, Arizona State University ranks number one on the list of the most innovative schools and number 36 in the best undergraduate engineering programs. It was founded in 1885 and currently offers over 450 graduate programs and employs more than 340 PhD fellows. 

PhD in Computer Science 

Arizona State University offers research opportunities in the fields of artificial intelligence, cyber security, big data, or statistical modeling under the umbrella of this computer science program. In this 84-credit program, you’ll tackle your dissertation, prospectus, and oral and written exams. You’ll also take courses on computational processes, information assurance, and network architecture. 

Your PhD dissertation includes 12 credit hours of experience culmination that can be planned alongside your research and elective credits. This degree is best suited for computer scientists wanting to build a career in machine learning or an academic career. 

PhD in Computer Science Overview

• Program Length: 4 to 6 years
• Acceptance Rate: N/A
• Tuition and Fees: $6,007/semester, nine credits or more (in state); $1,663/hour, under 12 credits or $16,328 per semester, 12 credits or more (out of state) 
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Teaching assistantships, research assistantships
• Three letters of recommendations from former professors or employers 
• One to two-page statement of purpose that covers previous research experiences and reasoning behind your interest in one to two doctoral programs
• Optional submission of GRE scores. Preferred scores are 146 verbal, 159 quantitative, and 4.0 analytical writing
• Official transcripts
• Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science or computer engineering. Applicants with a master’s degree in a relevant field are preferred 
• Minimum 3.5 cumulative GPA

Founded in 1839, Boston University is a top private research university with a reputable engineering and technology program. It offers over 350 graduate programs and PhDs in topics such as neurobiology, biostatistics, computer engineering, mathematical finance, and systems engineering. 

PhD in Computer Science

If you are interested in advancing in research and academia, then this PhD program is worth looking into. Its curriculum trains you to build a successful professional background in the intelligent control systems, cloud infrastructures, and cryptography fields. Candidates need to clear its qualification, dissertation, and milestone requirements to complete this degree. 

• Program Length: 5 to 6 years
• Acceptance Rate: 10%
• Tuition and Fees: $61,924/year
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Computer Science Fellowship, Teaching Excellence Award, Research Excellence Award, Teaching Fellow Expectations 
• GRE scores normally mandatory, but are optional for fall 2022
• A personal statement stating your interest in the program 
• Resume 

Carnegie Mellon University is a globally recognized university with more than 14,500 students and over 109,900 alumni. The school was founded in the year 1900 and offers over 80 majors and minors. According to the US News & World Report, Carnegie Mellon University ranks number one on the best undergraduate computer science program in the country. 

This on-campus PhD program focuses on computing research, software informatics, and communication technologies. Completing this doctoral degree program will open you up to a wide range of career prospects across the data science, computing technology, and information technology research fields. 

This degree includes 24 units of advanced computing research, 72 units of graduate courses, and the dissertation process of an original research thesis. This PhD is apt for those looking to establish their career in research and academia. During this program, you’ll also serve as a teaching assistant in the computer science department twice as per the degree requirement. 

• Acceptance Rate: 5% to 10%
• Tuition and Fees: $75,272/year 
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Internal funding, external funding, dependency allowance, fellowships
• GRE scores optional but encouraged
• Most recent transcript of the university attended
• One to two-page statement of purpose stating your interest in the program, research interests, PhD objective, and relevant experience
• Three letters of recommendation from previous faculty or employers   

Duke University was established in 1924 and counts among the top universities in the world. It has an undergraduate population of 6,789 and a graduate population of 9,991 students and is most recognized for its computer science, biology, public policy, and economics departments. It offers over 80 doctoral and master’s degrees covering STEM, social sciences, and humanities. 

This computer science PhD is definitely worth it for doctorate students looking to embark on an advanced computer science research path. In it, students tackle a research initiation project, preliminary exam, dissertation process, and core qualification credits. Doctoral candidates are also required to partake in the department’s teaching assistantship program. 

Its curriculum includes core courses in computation theory, artificial intelligence, algorithms, numerical analysis, and computer architecture. Graduates of the program open themselves up to numerous career opportunities across a wide range of computing systems academic and research fields. 

• Program Length: 3 to 4 years
• Acceptance Rate: 15.7%
• Tuition and Fees: $70,185/year for the first three years and $18,165/year each subsequent year
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Teaching assistantships, research assistantships, fellowships
• Official transcripts from all attended universities 
• Statement of purpose
• GRE scores are optional for 2022 but recommended 
• No minimum GPA requirements but high GPA scores are preferred

Harvard University is a top Ivy League institution that has amassed global recognition and top rankings in many of its departments. Founded in 1636, the university is home to many excellent programs across the fields of law, medicine, economics, and computer science. It has more than 400,000 alumni and a total enrollment of 35,276 students. 

According to the US News & World Report, Harvard University ranked number one among the best global universities in 2022 . Its graduate schools offer doctorate programs in the applied sciences, biology, literature, environmental sciences, business, and healthcare fields. 

Attending a computer science PhD program at Harvard University brings high credibility and accolades to your professional candidacy. This program is offered by the university’s Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and provides focus opportunities across the engineering science, applied physics, computer science, and applied mathematics areas.  

Similar to most mainstream PhDs, this program requires the completion of 10 semester-long graduate courses, a dissertation topic, oral and written qualifying exams, a teaching assistantship, and a defense process. After graduating, you’ll easily qualify for some of the most prestigious research and career opportunities available.

• Program Length: 3 or more years
• Acceptance Rate: 6%
• Tuition and Fees: $50,928 for the first two years and $13,240 reduced tuition for the third and fourth year
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Teaching fellowships, research assistantships, GSAS fellowships, external funding 
• Supplemental form for PhD
• Transcripts from all post-secondary education 
• Statement of purpose stating your interest in the program  

Oregon State University is a public research university founded in 1868 with over 210,000 alumni. The school is home to more than 28,607 undergraduate and 5,833 graduate students and offers over 300 academic programs as well as a robust research department. Its doctoral programs can be found in the business, agricultural science, education, engineering, or medicine departments. 

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This PhD is offered by the university’s electrical engineering and computer science department and is perfect for doctoral candidates wanting to work in IT research in the governmental or educational sectors. The program offers research opportunities in topics such as data science, cyber security, artificial intelligence, computer graphics, and human-computer interaction. 

The program’s curriculum includes graduate-level courses in theoretical computer science and requires the completion of your research thesis. You’ll also be required to maintain an overall cumulative GPA of 3.0 and pass all preliminary and oral exams to receive your PhD. 

• Program Length: 4 years
• Tuition and Fees: $557/credit (in state); $1,105/credit (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Graduate teaching assistantship, research assistantship, Outstanding Scholars Program
• Three letters of recommendation from previous professors or employers familiar with your technical skills 
• Transcripts and academic history of all attended universities 
• Minimum 3.0 GPA in the last two years of your undergraduate or graduate work 
• Statement of objective listing your interest in the program, career goals, research interests, and relevant experience

Syracuse University is a private institution that was established in 1870 and is most popular for its research and professional training academic programs. It has more than 40 research centers focusing on the STEM, social sciences, and humanities fields. The university has over 400 majors, minors, and advanced degrees its students can choose from. 

It had a total enrollment of 14,479 undergraduate students and 6,193 graduate students in the fall of 2020. Prospective students can pick a PhD focus from many of its applied topics, including data science, statistics, human development, and bioengineering. 

PhD in Computer and Information Science and Engineering

A PhD focused in computer and information science and engineering from Syracuse University can help you advance your career in the information technology, software engineering, or information assurance fields. This program is best suited for computing technology research buffs looking to land senior-level positions in the field. 

The program’s curriculum is an amalgamation of graduate coursework, your dissertation and research presentation, and exams. Your coursework will cover technical topics ranging from algorithms and artificial intelligence to operating systems and hardware systems. 

PhD in Computer and Information Science and Engineering Overview

• Program Length: 4 to 5 years
• Acceptance Rate: 14.28%
• Tuition and Fees: $32,110/year 
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Research assistantships, departmental teaching assistantships, university fellowships

PhD in Computer and Information Science and Engineering Admission Requirements

• Minimum GRE scores: Verbal 153, Quantitative 155, and analytical writing 4.5 
• Bachelor of Science or Master of Science in computer engineering, electrical engineering, or computer and information science
• Two or more letters of recommendation from previous faculty or employers 
• Official transcripts of all attended universities 
• 500-word personal statement concerning your interest in the program

The University of Oklahoma is a public school best known for its business, journalism, and petroleum engineering programs. Founded in 1890, it currently has an undergraduate student population of 21,844 and offers over 170 academic programs and graduate degrees in a wide range of subject areas. 

The school’s doctoral topics are numerous and can be found within its business, architecture, fine arts, education, engineering, journalism, or geographics science departments. The University of Oklahoma is also incredibly well known for its athletic programs, having won many national championships.

The university’s computer science PhD has courses in machine learning, data science, computer security, visual analytics, database management, and neural networking subjects. If you’re interested in a data science, network security, artificial intelligence, or cyber security career, then this PhD is for you.

The program allows you to propose a research topic covering anything in the field of advanced computing systems and theories. During your program, you’ll undergo an annual research progress review along with general examinations until your defense. The program also requires you to submit a minimum of two publications before you complete your degree. 

• Program Length: 6 years
• Tuition and Fees: $591.90/credit (in state); $1,219.50/credit (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Graduate assistantships, research assistantships, fellowships, scholarships, research grants
• Prerequisite coursework covering computer science, data structures, and math subjects 
• Bachelor’s degree or master’s degree
• Minimum cumulative 3.0 GPA 
• 250-word statement of purpose concerning your interest and goals in the program 
• Three letters of recommendation, with two of them preferably from previous professors

The University of Arizona was founded in 1885 and is a public research institution with over 300 major programs. The school is home to 36,503 undergraduate and 10,429 graduate students and offers PhD programs in over 150 areas of study, including information science, statistics, mechanical engineering, biomedical science, medicine, communication, and economics. 

If you want to become an applications architect or pursue a career in academia focusing on computing or business intelligence technologies, then this PhD is for you. It offers courses in computer networking, system architecture, database systems, machine learning theory, natural processing language, and computer vision. 

The program’s curriculum requires the completion of 12 units of advanced computer science research and 18 units of dissertation presentation and defense. You’ll also need to maintain a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.33 to receive your PhD. 

• Program Length: 5.5 years
• Acceptance Rate: 17.73%
• Tuition and Fees: $989.12/unit (in state); $1,918.12/unit (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Graduate assistantships, graduate associate fund, teaching assistantships, research assistantships, graduate college fellowship
• Official transcripts from all attended universities
• Minimum of two letters of recommendation by previous faculty or employers 
• A statement of purpose stating your interest in the school and the program faculty, your career goals, preferred research areas, and research background
• Resume detailing previous research work, published papers, conference presentations, and computer science background 
• Bachelor’s degree in computer science or a related field 
• A background in operating systems, programming languages, discrete mathematics, data structures, and theory of computation 
• Minimum 3.5 undergraduate GPA and 3.7 graduate GPA 

The University of Maryland is a research-focused institution that was founded in 1856. It hosts more than 41,200 students and offers over 217 undergraduate and master’s programs. It also offers 84 doctoral programs and has an extensive research department. According to the US News & World Report, the school ranks number 20 among the top public schools in the country .

This PhD program offers research opportunities in subjects such as robotics, big data, scientific computing, machine learning, geographic information systems, and quantum computing. Doctoral students can participate in a collaborative research journey at any of the school’s research specialized institutions. The program curriculum includes graduate coursework, a research proposal, and a dissertation defense. 

• Tuition and Fees: $11,586/year (in state); $24,718/year (out of state) 2022-2023
• PhD Funding Opportunities:  Research assistantships, departmental teaching assistantships, National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowships, Fulbright Fellowships
• Transcripts from all attended universities
• Writing sample and optional publications or presentations 
• Statement of purpose concerning your interests in the field and program 
• Three letters of recommendation 

Can You Get a PhD in Computer Science Online?

Yes, you can get a PhD in Computer Science online. An online doctoral degree will be more course-based instead of research-based due to the lack of laboratory facilities. Computer science is a broad field that offers doctoral opportunities across a wide range of tech topics. You can get an online PhD in information science, data science, data analytics, or information systems.

Know that online PhDs are rare across most fields, including computer science. Obtaining a non-research-focused doctoral degree won’t be as respected as a traditional computer science PhD. The online PhD programs listed below are best suited for candidates looking to advance into managerial, theoretical research, and academic positions in the technology sector.

Best Online PhD Programs in Computer Science

How long does it take to get a phd in computer science.

It takes an average of four years to get a PhD in Computer Science. However, the actual duration is entirely dependent on the candidate’s research proposal approval and defense success, and depending on your research pace, it can take up to five or six years to complete. The graduate course portion of your degree is the most straightforward and typically takes around 2.5 years to complete.

Your dissertation topic selection, research journey, publication submissions, and defense presentations will take the most amount of time, usually between three to five years. Some universities also require their PhD students to complete a minimum of two years of graduate teaching assistantship. An online PhD in Computer Science usually only takes three years to finish, as it mostly includes advanced coursework.

Is a PhD in Computer Science Hard?

Yes, a PhD in Computer Science is hard. Computer science is a complex field that incorporates an array of advanced technical topics. Your PhD will require you to submit an original research proposal on an advanced information technology subject such as data science, machine learning, quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and network security topics.

Along with advanced research and a dissertation, you’ll also need to complete advanced graduate courses with a minimum GPA of 3.0. Other requirements often include submitting one or more publications, working in graduate teaching positions, and successfully defending your thesis topic. The combination of all of these academic requirements makes getting a PhD in Computer Science a hard process.

How Much Does It Cost to Get a PhD in Computer Science?

It costs $19,314 per year to get a PhD in Computer Science, according to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). However, your total PhD tuition can vary depending on a number of factors, including the university’s ranking, the program’s timeline, and the PhD funding opportunities you’ll have available.

The NCES further categorizes the graduate program tuition according to the institution type and reports that the average fee for public institutions was $12,171 from 2018 to 2019. It also states that private for-profit institutions charged an average of $27,776, and non-profit schools charged $14,208 those same years.

How to Pay for a PhD in Computer Science: PhD Funding Options

The PhD funding options that students can use to pay for a PhD in Computer Science include graduate research assistantships, teaching assistantships, and fellowship opportunities. Your funding options will vary from school to school and can include both external and internal funding.

Some of the popular ways to fund your PhDs include research grants, federal work-study programs, teaching or graduate assistantships, tuition waivers, and graduate research fellowships. You can also apply for scholarships or tuition reimbursement options at your current job. Your graduate advisor and computer science faculty can help you find more funding options.

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What Is the Difference Between a Computer Science Master’s Degree and PhD?

The difference between a computer science master’s degree and a PhD is the level of each degree. A Master’s Degree in Computer Science is a typical precursor to a PhD and covers the technical field less extensively than a doctoral program. It will last around two to three years and can be fully course-based or thesis-based.

A PhD in Computer Science provides you with higher qualifications and more research and dissertation autonomy. It can last anywhere between four to six years and gives you original publication and research credibility. Both of these computer science degrees are considered graduate degrees, but a PhD provides you with a higher educational accolade.

Master’s vs PhD in Computer Science Job Outlook

The job outlook for a professional with a master’s vs PhD in Computer Science will generally coincide as most senior-level careers can be achieved with a master’s degree. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the job outlook for computer and information research scientists is projected to grow by 22 percent between 2020 and 2030.

This job typically requires a master’s degree meaning PhD holders also qualify and can apply for it. The commonality of these job growth statistics also applies to other tech positions, including information security scientists and network architects. That being said, the specific growth rate of your job will also vary depending on your career choice.

For example, university computer science professor positions, which typically only computer science PhD holders are eligible for, have a projected growth rate of 12 percent between 2020 and 2030, according to the BLS. With computer science professionals being high in demand, most PhD in Computer Science jobs have a positive projected growth rate.

Difference in Salary for Computer Science Master’s vs PhD

The difference in salary for computer science master’s vs PhD grads can vary depending on their position and place of employment. According to PayScale, the average salary for a computer science PhD holder is $131,000 per year , which is higher than the average salary of a master’s degree graduate.

According to PayScale, the average salary for a computer science master’s graduate is $105,000 per year . The salary disparity with these degrees stems from the differences in their level of seniority, industry experience, and educational accolades.

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Why You Should Get a PhD in Computer Science

You should get a PhD in Computer Science because it is an advanced and highly reputable degree that will help you land senior technical, academic, and research roles. A PhD is a gateway to a lucrative and innovative technology career, allowing you to follow your research passion across the fields of artificial intelligence, data science, or computing theory.

Reasons for Getting a PhD in Computer Science

• Extensive and advanced research opportunities. A PhD in Computer Science covers many advanced computing science fields. You can learn specialized skills through your research opportunities and eventually work in advanced data science, artificial intelligence, neural networking, information technology, or computing theory.
• Higher salary. PhD graduates qualify for career opportunities working in senior positions as scientists, professors, managers, or heads of departments. These senior positions come with high compensation and job security.
• Rewarding education. A computer science PhD is perfect for those who are interested in contributing toward leading innovation and technology research. As a doctoral student, you can propose and conduct advanced research in the field while contributing to today’s technological growth.
• Increased job candidacy. Having a computer science PhD on your resume and portfolio will enhance your candidacy when applying to tech positions across all industries. A PhD is a highly reputable degree that demonstrates your expertise in the field and ultimately makes you a highly sought-after candidate.

Getting a PhD in Computer Science: Computer Science PhD Coursework

The graduate requirements for getting a PhD in Computer Science and most common PhD coursework are different from program to program and are heavily dependent on your specialization, but often have some commonalities. Here are some examples of courses you may take during your PhD.

System Architecture

A systems architecture course in a computer science PhD covers advanced operating systems, communication technologies, network security, and computer architecture. You’ll also take classes covering topics like network systems and software engineering.

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence is a rapidly growing field that is integral to the field of computer science and data science. Your program will cover the latest artificial intelligence technologies and research areas such as deep learning, interactive systems, neural networking, and artificial intelligence infrastructure.

Information Assurance

Network security, information assurance, and cyber security are also part of an extensive education coverage of the computer science field. This course will cover vital knowledge concerning information security, system integrity, data privacy, and system authentication.

Data science courses in a computer science PhD program cover topics such as big data, database management, data analytics, data mining, and machine learning subjects. You will learn about data science processes and methods as well as the tools and technologies used in advanced data engineering.

Theory of Computation

A theory of computation course will teach you advanced algorithms, computation models, Turing machines, quantum computing, and automata theories. You’ll also have lessons that cover the Godel Incompleteness theorem and molecular computing.

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How to Get a PhD in Computer Science: Doctoral Program Requirements

If you are wondering how to get a PhD in Computer Science and complete the doctoral program requirements, this section will provide you with the answers you’re looking for. The graduation and academic requirements will vary from one PhD program to another, but there are some common requirements across all computer science departments. Here are some of them.

A computer science PhD is an amalgamation of graduate-level courses and research. All PhDs will require you to complete their graduate course requirements which cover topics like data science, computing systems, artificial intelligence, and information assurance. The required number of courses will vary depending on the program but is typically between 10 and 15. 

Maintaining a minimum required cumulative GPA in your courses is a requirement across all PhD programs. The GPA requirement can range anywhere from 3.0 to 3.5. This is one of the major ways your program department tracks your progress and whether or not you are struggling with the work.

Clearing the qualifying exams with a passing grade while maintaining the required GPA is another PhD graduation requirement. Your preliminary exam is a public presentation discussing your research topics with approval committees and other students. Written exams and oral exams come with each course and are a test of your computer science and tech abilities.  

You are typically required to present your research proposal or research initiation project within the first two years of your PhD. You must get your research idea approved by the approval committee and begin the research process within those two years. 

Once you embark on your computer science research process, you are required to present an annual progress report. This presentation is a review process where the approval committee will ask questions and provide feedback on your progression.  

Your PhD milestones may also include publication requirements. For these, you’ll be required to submit one or two peer-reviewed journal or publication entries covering the computer science topics you are researching. 

Universities also require PhD candidates to complete two years of graduate teaching assistantships or research assistantships. These assistantships are one of the best ways to secure funding for your PhD program. 

Getting your dissertation approved and completing your research and thesis is one of the most important milestones of your PhD. Your assigned research committee, thesis advisor, and approval committee will need to approve your research and dissertation for your to be able to graduate. 

Computer science PhDs will have a timeline breakdown that candidates are expected to meet. You will typically need to complete the graduate coursework within two to three years and complete your dissertation and thesis within six years. You can request a timeline extension with your advisor’s approval.

The thesis for your PhD in Computer Science will cover your chosen research subject area. It will include a thesis proposal submission, thesis presentation, and thesis approval process as well as an extensive written document covering your hypothesis, findings, and conclusions. 

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PhD in Computer Science Salary and Job Outlook

The salary and job outlook for a PhD in Computer Science will vary according to your job designation but are generally positive. The average salary for some of the highest-paid jobs will range between $86,712 and $179,351. Below are some of the most lucrative career paths a computer science PhD holder can embark on.

What Can You Do With a PhD in Computer Science?

You can work in a wide range of advanced technical positions with a PhD in Computer Science. This doctoral degree qualifies you for positions as a manager, scientist, college professor, and researcher. You could lead an information assurance department or become a computer science professor, chief data scientist, or artificial intelligence researcher.

Best Jobs with a PhD in Computer Science

• Computer Research Scientist
• Computer Science Professor
• Research and Development Lead
• Computer Systems Engineer
• Information Technology Manager

What Is the Average Salary for a PhD in Computer Science?

The average salary for someone with a PhD in Computer Science is $131,000 per year , according to PayScale. Your actual salary will vary depending on your specific position, location, and experience. In fact, with a PhD, you could work as a chief data scientist and make between $136,000 and $272,000 or as a senior software engineer and make $104,000 to $195,000.

Highest-Paying Computer Science Jobs for PhD Grads

Best computer science jobs with a doctorate.

The best computer science jobs with a doctorate degree all earn a high salary and have high projected growth in the next few years. These jobs cover a wide range of computer science disciplines, meaning that you’ll easily be able to find a position doing something you enjoy.

A chief data scientist is in charge of the data analytics and data science departments of an organization. They are responsible for the approval of new database system designs, data strategies, and data management decisions. 

• Salary with a Computer Science PhD: $179,351
• Job Outlook: 22% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 33,000
• Highest-Paying States: Oregon, Arizona, Texas, Massachusetts, Washington

A chief information officer is an IT executive responsible for managing and overseeing the computer and information technology departments of a company. Also known as CTOs, they are responsible for delegating tasks and approving innovation and technology upgrade ideas proposed by their teams. 

• Salary with a Computer Science PhD: $168,680
• Job Outlook: 11% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 482,000
• Highest-Paying States: New York, California, New Jersey, Washington, District of Columbia

A senior computer scientist heads the research department of a computer science, artificial intelligence, or computer engineering field. These professionals, along with their research team, are tasked with developing efficient and optimal computer solutions across a wide range of sectors. 

• Salary with a Computer Science PhD: $153,972

An IT security architect is a cyber and information security professional responsible for developing, maintaining, and upgrading the IT and network security infrastructure of a business or organization. Additionally, they oversee an organization’s data, communication systems, and software systems security aspects. 

• Salary with a Computer Science PhD: $128,414
• Job Outlook : 5% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 165,200
• Highest-Paying States: New Jersey, Rhode Island, Delaware, Virginia, Marlyand

A computer science professor is a university professor who educates college students concerning basic and advanced computer science subjects. They are responsible for creating and instructing a course curriculum as well as testing their students. Some computer science professors also work as research faculty at a university. 

• Salary with a Computer Science PhD: $86,712
• Job Outlook: 12% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 1,276,900 
• Highest-Paying States: California, Oregon, District of Columbia, New York, Massachusetts

Is a PhD in Computer Science Worth It?

Yes, a PhD in Computer Science is worth it for anyone wanting to work in senior professions in the field of technology. This doctoral degree opens its recipients up to numerous career opportunities across academia, research and development, technology management, and chief technical positions.

Getting a computer science PhD equips you with specialized skills and extensive research capabilities. During your studies, you’ll get the opportunity to contribute to the rapidly developing world of technology with your original dissertation and specialize in data science, network security, or computing systems.

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PhD in Computer Science FAQ

The preferred GPA for a computer science PhD is 3.5 or above. Keep in mind that meeting the minimum requirement doesn’t guarantee acceptance. The higher you can get your GPA during your bachelor’s and master’s, the more likely it is you will be accepted to the PhD program of your choice.

The standardized exam you need to take to get a PhD in Computer Science is the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). The GRE score requirements will vary from university to university and several schools have currently waived GRE requirements due to the coronavirus pandemic.

You can choose from a wide range of potential research subjects for your computer science PhD, including computer algorithms, data science, artificial intelligence , or cyber security. You can also research business process modeling, robotics, quantum computing, machine learning, or other big data topics.

You can get into a computer science PhD program by impressing the admissions committee and the school’s computer science graduate department with your skills, experience, grades, and desired research topic. Students with a 3.5 or higher GPA, a high GRE score, extensive IT skills, and an impressive research topic have a higher chance of admission.

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Ph.D. in Computer Science

Ph.d. program requirements.

The PhD degree requires 72 graduate-level credits, including:

• no 5000-level CS courses
• these credits traditionally cannot be transferred in, you must actually take at least 6 credits of coursework at UVA to get a UVA PhD
• CS 8897 and CS 9897 (Graduate Teaching Instruction) cannot be used to satisfy this 24-credit requirement (but see below)
• at least 12 credits in any combination of CS 8897 and CS 9897 (Graduate Teaching Instruction), corresponding to two semesters as a full-time, 20 hour per week TA (see Chapter 3.2)
• Completion of the Qualifying Examination (see Chapter 5)
• Completion of the PhD Proposal (see Chapter 6.3)
• Completion of the Oral Defense of the written Dissertation (see Chapter 6.4)
• Finally, complete the “ Graduate Student Leave Request ” form (see Section 2.5) to leave the program.

These requirements have significant overlap with the MCS and MS degree requirements; many students choose to earn one of those Master’s degrees as part of their PhD studies.

Application Requirements

Computer science background requirements.

The Department of Computer Science does not require that applicants hold a bachelor's degree in Computer Science. However, applicants are expected to have a strong background in Computer Science. A suitable background would include courses in the following core areas:

• Data Structures
• Discrete Mathematics
• Assembly Language and Computer Organization
• Programming in a procedural language such as C, C#, C++, or Java.

Applicants are also expected to have taken several (but not necessarily all) courses in specialized areas:

• Operating Systems
• Programming Languages
• Artificial Intelligence
• Computer Networks
• Automata and Formal Languages
• Software Engineering

A year of college-level Calculus is also required. In general, experience gained working is not considered equivalent to successful completion of the courses listed above.

Grade Point Average

There is no minimum GPA required for admission. However, most applicants who are offered admission to our program have a GPA of at least 3.3 (out of 4.0). The grades in Computer Science, mathematics and related courses are more important than the overall GPA.

GRE scores are optional. 

Letters of Reference

If possible, letters of references should be written by faculty at a university previously attended. Letters of reference from Computer Science faculty are preferred, but references from employers are welcome. References should pay particular attention to academic achievements and evidence of independent, creative problem solving.

TOEFL/IELTS Scores

• If you are a permanent resident of the U.S., TOEFL is not required
• If you received a 4-year degree at an English-speaking institution (whether or not the institution is in the U.S.), TOEFL/IELTS is not required.
• If you received a 4-year degree at a non -English-speaking institution and a Master's degree from an English-speaking institution, TOEFL/IELTS is required. 
• Note that if you have a solid command of written and spoken English, TOEFL/IELTS waivers are possible! Contact via email,  [email protected] , explaining why you believe TOEFL/IELTS can be waived (include evidence such as verification of duties as a Teaching Assistant that required significant interactions in English, copies of expired TOEFL/IELTS scores, presentations at conferences in English, etc.). 

It is unusual that we offer admission to an applicant with an overall TOEFL score below 90 / IELTS below 6.5. Scores can be sent electronically to UVa at institution code B875. Some students with lower scores may be required to complete the UVA Summer English for Academic Purposes Program prior to admission.

Application Evaluation

Applications are evaluated based on the following factors:

• Background in Computer Science (including project work)
• Grade Point Average (GPA)
• Graduate Record Examination (GRE)
• Letters of reference
• Personal statement
• TOEFL/IELTS scores

Applications are evaluated in their entirety. A weakness in one factor might be mitigated by strength in another.

Financial Aid / Tuition 

Occasionally, the school of Engineering offers Master Fellowships. More information can be found on the Engineering Cost Aid webpage: https://engineering.virginia.edu/future-grads/graduate-admissions/cost-aid , and you can learn more about UVA Fellowships here: https://citizenscholars.virginia.edu/fellowships  

PhD students are usually admitted with a financial aid package in the form of a First-Year Research Assistantship that allows students to explore research with various faculty members and find their best match. It is expected that students will join a research group by the end of their first year and then be supported as a Research Assistant (RA). This financial aid package includes a competitive stipend, tuition, fees, and health insurance coverage. Details of this award are given at the time of your notification of acceptance into the Computer Science PhD program.  

You are encouraged to apply to outside sources for fellowships or you can apply for federal assistance by filling out a Free Application for Federal Student Aid .

The UVA Tuition and Fees page includes the costs per academic year by school. 

CS Admissions Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How do i apply.

Please visit this Web page to apply.

When is the application deadline?

See details in the section above (Admissions).

How much does it cost to apply? Can this fee be waived?

Visit this UVA Engineering FAQ page for details on the cost to apply, and learn if your fee can be waived.

Is the TOEFL/IELTS required?

International students must have an outstanding command of the English language in order to enroll at the University of Virginia. The TOEFL/IELTS exam is required of all applicants if the language first learned and spoken in the home is not English, and they are not permanent residents. However, TOEFL/IELTS is not required if the applicant has received a 4-year degree at an English-speaking institution (whether or not the institution is in the U.S.). (If the applicant has a 4-year degree from a non-English-speaking institution and a Master's degree from an English-speaking institution, TOEFL/IELTS is still required.) It is unusual that we offer admission to an applicant with an overall TOEFL score below 90 / IELTS below 6.5. 

I scored less than 22 on the Speaking section of TOEFL. Can I still apply?

We review all applications thoroughly, along a number of dimensions. It is unusual that we offer admission to an applicant with an overall TOEFL score below 90/ IELTS score of 6.5.

Where do I send my GRE and/or TOEFL/IELTS scores?

The Institution code for School of Engineering and Applied Science of the University of Virginia for the GRE is 5820. The code for TOEFL is  B875. There is not a specific code for the Department of Computer Science.

I'm taking TOEFL/IELTS or GRE after your deadline (Dec 15). If I apply will these scores make it into my application and be seen by the admissions committee?

We will start evaluating applications soon after the Dec 15 deadline. Applicants should submit the most complete application they can, based on the information they have at the time (e.g., current test scores, even if new test scores are anticipated).Those applications that are complete will be considered first. We will continue to evaluate applications into early next year, until we have completed our offers. As we are reviewing applications, we will certainly consider updated scores as the arrive at the University of Virginia. There is no need to email us to tell us that new scores are being sent.

Should I mail or should I upload my materials with my application?

We strongly discourage applicants from mailing in any items that can be uploaded to avoid delays in your application review, and we ask that you not send duplicate copies of previously uploaded documents. If you still need to mail documents to our office, please send them to: For US Postal: Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Science Admissions P.O. Box 401103 Charlottesville, VA 22904 For UPS/FEDEX:      Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Science Admissions      1001 Emmet Street North      Room 209B Carruthers Hall      Charlottesville, VA 22903

I’ve submitted my application and all supporting materials. Why does my application status still show as incomplete?

We will fully review your application with unofficial test scores and unofficial transcripts. Your application will only show as "complete" when your application has been submitted, your official scores and transcripts have been received and all three letters of recommendations have been received. An application is complete for review with unofficial transcripts and self-reported scores, though the checklist will still show incomplete. Please note that all official transcripts are received in our main admissions office and scanned or entered into our system manually. If you feel that your materials should have been received by now, but are NOT showing up when you login to your account, please note that the Graduate Admissions Office processes a very large number of applications and it may take longer than expected for your documents/information to appear online (in your account). It is very likely that your materials have been received, but have not been loaded into our application system yet.

If I email you my information (e.g., GPA, GRE scores, etc.) before I apply, can you tell me the chance of being accepted?

The graduate admissions committee considers many factors in an application, including more than just GPA and test scores. In particular, letters of reference and your personal statement are extremely important. Therefore, we are unfortunately unable to provide any information before the committee considers your full application.

I still have other questions. Is there anyone available to help me?

Yes! For program/degree specific questions, please send an email to [email protected]. For application support and specific questions regarding the application process, please contact: Central Graduate Admissions [email protected] 434-243-0209

The information contained on this website is for informational purposes only.  The Undergraduate Record and Graduate Record represent the official repository for academic program requirements. These publications may be found here .

• Current MIT Graduate Students

Doctoral Programs in Computational Science and Engineering

Application & admission information.

The Center for Computational Science and Engineering (CCSE) offers two doctoral programs in computational science and engineering (CSE) – one leading to a standalone PhD degree in CSE offered entirely by CCSE ( CSE PhD ) and the other leading to an interdisciplinary PhD degree offered jointly with participating departments in the School of Engineering and the School of Science ( Dept-CSE PhD ).

While both programs enable students to specialize at the doctoral level in a computation-related field via focused coursework and a thesis, they differ in essential ways. The standalone CSE PhD program is intended for students who plan to pursue research in cross-cutting methodological aspects of computational science. The resulting doctoral degree in Computational Science and Engineering is awarded by CCSE via the the Schwarzman College of Computing. In contrast, the interdisciplinary Dept-CSE PhD program is intended for students who are interested in computation in the context of a specific engineering or science discipline. For this reason, this degree is offered jointly with participating departments across the Institute; the interdisciplinary degree is awarded in a specially crafted thesis field that recognizes the student’s specialization in computation within the chosen engineering or science discipline.

Applicants to the standalone CSE PhD program are expected to have an undergraduate degree in CSE, applied mathematics, or another field that prepares them for an advanced degree in CSE. Applicants to the Dept-CSE PhD program should have an undergraduate degree in a related core disciplinary area as well as a strong foundation in applied mathematics, physics, or related fields. When completing the MIT CSE graduate application , students are expected to declare which of the two programs they are interested in. Admissions decisions will take into account these declared interests, along with each applicant’s academic background, preparation, and fit to the program they have selected.  All applicants are asked to specify MIT CCSE-affiliated faculty that best match their research interests; applicants to the Dept-CSE PhD program also select the home department(s) that best match. At the discretion of the admissions committee, Dept-CSE PhD applications might also be shared with a home department beyond those designated in the application. CSE PhD admissions decisions are at the sole discretion of CCSE; Dept-CSE PhD admission decisions are conducted jointly between CCSE and the home departments.

Please note: These are both doctoral programs in Computational Science and Engineering; applicants interested in Computer Science must apply to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science .

Important Dates

September 15: Application Opens December 1: Deadline to apply for admission* December – March: Application review period January – March: Decisions released on rolling basis

*All supplemental materials (e.g., transcripts, test scores, letters of recommendation) must also be received by December 1. Application review begins on that date, and incomplete applications may not be reviewed. Please be sure that your recommenders are aware of this hard deadline, as we do not make exceptions. We also do not allow students to upload/submit material beyond what is required, such as degree certificates, extra recommendations, publications, etc.

A complete electronic CSE application includes the following:

• Three letters of recommendation ;
• Students admitted to the program will be required to supply official transcripts. Discrepancies between unofficial and official transcripts may result in the revocation of the admission offer.
• Statement of objectives (limited to approximately one page) and responses to department-specific prompts for Dept-CSE PhD applicants;
• Official GRE General Test score report , sent to MIT by ETS via institute code 3514 GRE REQUIREMENT WAIVED FOR FALL 2025 ;
• Official IELTS score report sent to MIT by IELTS†  (international applicants from non-English speaking countries only; see below for more information)
• Resume or CV , uploaded in PDF format;
• MIT graduate application fee of $75‡.

‡Application Fee

The MIT graduate application fee of $75.00 is a mandatory requirement set by the Institute payable by credit card. Please visit the MIT Graduate Admission Application Fee Waiver page for information about fee waiver eligibility and instructions.

Please note: CCSE cannot issue fee waivers; email requests for fee waivers sent to [email protected] will not receive a response.

Admissions Contact Information

Email: [email protected]

► Current MIT CSE SM Students: Please see the page for Current MIT Graduate Students .

GRE Requirement

GRE REQUIREMENT WAIVED FOR FALL 2025 All applicants are required to take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) General Aptitude Test. The MIT code for submitting GRE score reports is 3514 (you do not need to list a department code). GRE scores must current; ETS considers scores valid for five years after the testing year in which you tested.

†English Language Proficiency Requirement

The CSE PhD program requires international applicants from non-English speaking countries to take the academic  version of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS).  The IELTS exam measures one’s ability to communicate in English in four major skill areas: listening, reading, writing, and speaking.  A minimum IELTS score of 7 is required for admission.  For more information about the IELTS, and to find out where and how to take the exam, please visit the IELTS web site .

While we will also accept the TOEFL iBT (Test of English as a Foreign Language), we strongly prefer the IELTS. The minimum TOEFL iBT score is 100.

This requirement is waived for those who can demonstrate that one or more of the following are true:

• English is/was the language of instruction in your four-year undergraduate program,
• English is the language of your employer/workplace for at least the last four years,
• English was your language of instruction in both primary and secondary schools.

Degree Requirements for Admission

To be admitted as a regular graduate student, an applicant must have earned a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent from a college, university, or technical school of acceptable standing. Students in their final year of undergraduate study may be admitted on the condition that their bachelor’s degree is awarded before they enroll at MIT.

Applicants without an SM degree may apply to the CSE PhD program, however, the Departments of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Mechanical Engineering nominally require the completion of an SM degree before a student is considered a doctoral candidate. As a result, applicants to those departments holding only a bachelor’s degree are asked in the application to indicate whether they prefer to complete the CSE SM program or an SM through the home department.

Nondiscrimination Policy

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is committed to the principle of equal opportunity in education and employment.  To read MIT’s most up-to-date nondiscrimination policy, please visit the Reference Publication Office’s nondiscrimination statement page .

Additional Information

For more details, as well as answers to most commonly asked questions regarding the admissions process to individual participating Dept-CSE PhD departments including details on financial support, applicants are referred to the website of the participating department of interest.

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Why enroll in a PhD?

What’s a phd degree, and why should one get one.

A PhD, or a Doctor of Philosophy Degree, is the highest degree that one can earn in the United States. An essential component of the Ph degree is performing original research, i.e., creating new knowledge, a body of knowledge that was not available before. This essentially means that as part of doing a PhD, you are solving a non-trivial problem, for which no solution was previously known. Through a PhD degree, you get training in doing research. You also acquire a lot of advanced knowledge in the subject area you choose, and you become the world’s leading expert in that area.

If you are gifted, creative, think outside of the box, and are passionate about computing, you should definitely pursue a PhD. A PhD degree in computer science is highly valued in industry, academia, as well as industrial and government research labs. As a leading expert in the subject area, academia and industrial/government labs will be interested in you and would want to hire you. The computing industry will hire you because you have gone through the training of solving really hard problems in a creative manner, and the companies want to use this skill that you have learned while doing your PhD for solving other issues that they may have, even those that are not related to your subject area. A PhD degree holder gets a lot of respect in the general community as well. Big tech companies would want to hire you as a part of the team engaged in developing future technologies. Above all, earning a PhD can give you the satisfaction of doing something that no one had done before: solving a problem that was unsolved until you solved it.

Doctoral research has been important for humankind’s progress. Many significant and vital discoveries were made as part of an inventor’s PhD thesis. For example, the automatic theorem-proving procedure that underlies nearly all AI reasoning systems was discovered by Jacques Herbrand as part of his PhD thesis research.

It all sounds pretty hard, would I be able to do it. How would one be able to solve a problem that no one else could solve earlier?

It is certainly not easy to earn a PhD. A PhD degree requires a large amount of dedication, passion, and hard work. However, during your PhD, you closely work with your supervising Professor (your advisor), who helps you every step of the way. Your advisor will be your guide, and that makes things somewhat more manageable. Your advisor will help you in selecting the right problem to solve, brainstorm with you when you propose solutions, and advise you on how to avoid pitfalls, etc. The work and the solution to the problem, of course, have to be your own—after all, it’s your PhD.

Your life is also made somewhat easier by a community of scholars—other professors and PhD students – among whom you reside. There are 50+ faculty members and postdoctoral researchers actively conducting research in the UT Dallas CS Department and another 170 PhD students. This community of scholars is there to help you, as well. Your Professor will have their own research group with multiple PhD students, and often all of the group members may be working on different aspects of a larger problem. The whole group is very much like a family and not only provides scholarly help but also a lot of emotional and moral support.

What kind of jobs can one get after doing a PhD?

The job market for PhD’s in computer science is superb. The salaries and perks are excellent too. Computer Science is a rapidly expanding field, and new areas are becoming prominent – AI, machine learning, big data, cyber security, Internet of Things, virtual/augmented reality. Companies are making significant investments in advancing these technologies as well as creating new applications for them. They are recruiting PhD graduates in large numbers at sky-high salaries, perks, and bonuses. Today, the five largest companies by market capitalization in the US stock market are technology companies – Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple, and Amazon.com – and they have a voracious appetite for PhD graduates.

Because of the popularity of CS as a degree major, as well as increased investments by the government in computing research, Universities are also hiring professors in large numbers. At UT Dallas, in the last five years, we have hired nearly 25 faculty members.

PhD graduates are also sought after by startups, and, in fact, many PhD graduates themselves have gone on to start their own companies. Google was born out of the research of Sergey Brin (though he never completed his Ph.D. after launching Google). Google was based on a research paper that proposed the page-ranking algorithm written while Sergey Brin was a PhD student.

Can you talk about some of the recent success stories from among your PhD graduates? 

Every year we interview every PhD graduate and post the story on our news page. Here is this year’s story about our PhD graduates . Our graduates have gone to work for top technology companies such as Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Apple, and Amazon. I should make a special mention of Dr. Ashkan Yousefpour, who just joined Facebook, after finishing his PhD in the fall of 2019. His PhD was in the area of networking and machine learning. You can learn more about his success by reading this Q&A with Dr. Yousefpour . Likewise, I should highlight Dr. Laura Moreno, who joined Colorado State University as a faculty member in 2016. You can  read more in this Q&A with Dr. Moreno.

Many people say that doing a PhD has a negative financial impact on that person. Is that true?

Far from being true, it’s actually patently false. PhD graduates of today command incredible salaries, especially if they work for large tech companies. Top earners can make salaries north of $150k per year, with a joining bonus between $50k to $100k and hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of stock options. Twelve-months University salaries for tenure-track faculty positions can be as high as $175,000. As a graduate with a PhD in computer science, you will always be in demand by companies, Universities, research labs, etc. A PhD in computer science indeed secures your career against economic downturns, as good computer scientists are and will always be in demand.

How long does the PhD degree take, and how much is it going to cost me?

A PhD degree will take at least four years, if not longer. Four to six years is a reasonable estimate for the range of time. The average at UT Dallas CS is perhaps 4.5 years. The good news is that nearly all our full-time PhD students have 100% of their tuition covered. In addition, PhD students get a monthly stipend ranging from $1,850 to $2,150 for covering living expenses. Financial support is generally guaranteed for four academic years. Of course, a Ph.D. student must keep making excellent progress for the continuation of this support.

Do I need an MS degree in Computer Science in order to apply for the PhD program at UT Dallas CS?

No, you don’t need to have an MS degree in advance. If you have a stellar academic record, you can apply right after your BS CS (or equivalent) degree. You will get an MS degree on the way using the coursework that you do as part of your PhD.

There are more than 200 PhD programs in Computer Science in the United States. Why should I do my Ph.D. at UT Dallas Computer Science Department?

Excellent question. There are several reasons why you should get your PhD degree in Computer Science from UT Dallas. First and foremost, we have superb faculty who are world-renowned for their research in emerging areas such as AI, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Cyber Security, Software Engineering, Data Science, Internet of Things (IoT), etc. Our faculty members have received many best paper awards at various conferences, as well as many test-of-time awards, where a research paper is recognized for its long-lasting impact on the field. Seventeen of our faculty members (as of 2023) hold the prestigious National Science Foundation CAREER award—given to promising young assistant professor through a nationwide competition each year.

Second, we have an incredible system of support for our PhD students. In their first semester, all PhD students are required to take a course where they learn what research and creativity are all about, what is involved in doing a PhD, and how one can be a successful PhD student? Students get their first taste of writing a large research paper – a survey of research in their area of interest – in this introductory class. The department also organizes a weekly mixer of faculty and PhD students, where each week, one research lab briefly introduces itself and gives an overview of its research projects. The lab also provides refreshments for the mixer. In addition, the department runs a reward program, where if a group publishes a paper in a top CS conference, it gets $1,500 towards travel expenses to that conference. In addition, there are weekly seminars explicitly organized for graduate students to attend so they can get to learn about cutting-edge research in computer science. There are other opportunities, as well. For example, teaching in the summer camps that the CS department organizes for high school students, various hackathons and programming competitions, as well as many other academic, scholarly activities. The environment in the CS Department is exceptionally collegial and supportive of PhD students. PhD students are treated as an integral part of the community of scholars in the CS Department.

Third, almost all our PhD students are fully supported. They also have incredible internship opportunities available to them in the later part of their PhD, especially if they plan to pursue a career in industry.

What are the milestones that one has to cross in the PhD program at UT Dallas CS Department?

All PhD students have to pass a PhD qualifying exam in their first year (Exams in three CS subject areas spread over two semesters). Students typically find their PhD advisor in their first year and start on a program of study. They will generally identify their target area of research by their second year and begin reading-related research papers. At this time, a student may also assemble his/her dissertation committee. By the end of the second year or beginning of the third year, they would have identified a specific problem their dissertation would address, and they would start working on solving it in earnest. Once the problem that the student will solve and the approach to solving it has been identified, a thesis proposal will be made to the dissertation committee. Once the committee accepts the proposal, the student will perform the work needed to solve the problem, write the dissertation, and then present it in the final Ph.D. dissertation defense to the committee.

Any parting thoughts that you want to add?

While doing a PhD in Computer Science can be highly lucrative, you should never do a PhD for money alone. You should do a PhD for the love of learning. You should do it because you enjoy learning advanced materials in computer science, because you enjoy solving hard problems, and because you want to be known and respected for creating knowledge that will advance the frontiers of knowledge. Also, a PhD requires dedication, perseverance, and hard work, and the entrance requirements are stringent, and only academically strong students make it to the program.

Learn more about getting a  Ph.D. in Computer Science  or  Software Engineering .

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Academic Degrees , Computer Science News

Why Get a PhD in Computer Science? Your Questions Answered

Updated: July 19, 2022

Published: August 24, 2019

Computer Science is an ever evolving and massively expanding field of study as technology continues to innovate and data grows exponentially. For those highly interested in research, earning your PhD in Computer Science can offer you top level accessibility to become an expert in the field and pursue either a high-level career within the industry or work in academia.

Most people who have completed the doctorate degree advise doing so only if you really love the subject and research. Earning your PhD in Computer Science has many benefits, although there is no doubt that it’s challenging.

Although a doctorate degree is not required to work in the field, it offers other benefits like allowing you to research cutting-edge technology with adequate funding. As with any graduate degree, it takes both time and money to complete, so before deciding to enroll, let’s go more in depth and answer some questions about why you would want to get a PhD in Computer Science.

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What is a phd in computer science.

A PhD in Computer Science is the highest level doctorate degree you can earn. Once you finish your undergraduate degree in Computer Science or a related field like Engineering or Applied Mathematics, you can apply for your doctorate degree .

If you didn’t major in Computer Science, then earning your Master’s degree in the subject will help you on your journey for your doctorate degree. Although it is not required to apply for a PhD, having your Master’s degree first is generally preferable.

Most programs require the following, along with a degree, to apply for a PhD:

• Previous research experience
• Letters of recommendation
• A high GPA (about 3.5-4.0)

Program Length

Earning your PhD in Computer Science is not for the faint of heart as it requires a lot of time, energy and perseverance. Although the length of completion depends on your enrollment status of full or part-time, it typically takes 5-6 years to finish.

Opportunities and Challenges

As the top academic achievement within the field, a PhD exposes students to high-level information, as well as some of the hardest challenges facing the world and technology. A PhD grants students the opportunity to perform the research of their choice and explore the topic that interest them the most.

Upon graduation, a PhD student can continue with academia or enter the industry. However, if you want to enter the field as a Computer Programmer, Software Developer or the like, you don’t have to earn a degree at this level as a Bachelor’s degree will suffice. In fact, some jobs may consider a PhD candidate to be too highly qualified, so you’ll want to assess your future goals before enrolling in a PhD program.

One of the benefits of earning this doctorate degree is the freedom you have. Most programs are quite unstructured, meaning that you get to choose what you want to research. Therefore, you can be a leading expert in the field and help to shape policies around artificial intelligence, automation and technologies that are changing the way the world functions.

The deep and rich education can expand your horizons and help you understand ideas and topics that you would never have otherwise considered.

Potential Jobs

Although it is possible to enter the field of Computer Science without a PhD, having the knowledge will expand possibilities and increase your pay.

Some of the job titles that PhD candidates seek include:

Computer and Information Research Scientist:

People in this position help to invent new programming languages that enhance business practices. With the high amount of data, information and research, these scientists can create changes and also assess their impact through analysis.

Database Administrator:

Database administrators organize and secure data against attacks. Those with a PhD can be trusted to understand the complex nature of various systems and be able to better protect them.

Software Developer:

Software developers create systems and software for various uses. Although a PhD is not required to be a software developer, it further enhances one’s understanding.

Computer Science salaries vary based on position type, location and education. However, the overall field of Computer Science is growing. In fact, Computer and Information Research Scientists are expecting much higher than average growth with the discipline expected to increase its demand by 19% between 2016 and 2026. Those with a PhD will increase their salary potential based on their educational accomplishment.

Furthermore, with a PhD in Computer Science, you can go on to be a professor since you’re a leading expert in the field. The demand for jobs within the field is growing, especially regarding cloud computing, data storage, artificial intelligence and information security.

Online Versus Traditional Programs

The reason you choose to earn your PhD in Computer Science is personal, and how you choose to do it is also a subjective choice. It’s hard to say if an online university or traditional onsite program is better or worse because the reasons for choosing to do one or the other are different.

The benefits of an online program include relatively lower costs, more flexibility and greater accessibility. However, an onsite program offers you more opportunity to perform research and work with those in person who are already advancing the field.

For example, some students who earn their Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science online from University of the People may enjoy the online experience and therefore want to continue their studies remotely by earning their PhD online as well.

Earning your undergraduate degree is the first step in moving towards earning your PhD in Computer Science. While the field is always growing and the opportunity for research multiplies, pursuing a PhD in the discipline is an important decision to make. The program generally offers freedom to select your area of interest, but it also takes time and a lot of dedication to complete.

Those who go on to get their PhD should really have an affinity for the subject matter and love to conduct research. It’s also useful to know that it’s typically easier to earn a PhD then enter the field as opposed to working in the field and then going back to earn your PhD.

Any form of higher education will never serve as a detriment as it helps expand your mind, create more networking opportunities and better hone your skills and knowledge regarding specific subject matter.

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Computer Science is an area of study within the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Prospective students apply through Harvard Griffin GSAS; in the online application, select “Engineering and Applied Sciences” as your program choice and select "PhD Computer Science" in the Area of Study menu.

In the Computer Science program, you will learn both the fundamentals of computation and computation’s interaction with the world. Your work will involve a wide range of areas including theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence and machine learning, economics and computer science, privacy and security, data-management systems, intelligent interfaces, operating systems, computer graphics, computational linguistics, robotics, networks, architectures, program languages, and visualization.

You will be involved with researchers in several interdisciplinary initiatives across the University, such as the Center for Research on Computation and Society, the Institute for Applied Computational Science, the Data Science Initiative, and the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society.

Examples of projects current and past students have worked on include leveraging machine learning to solve real-world sequential decision-making problems and using artificial intelligence to help conservation and anti-poaching efforts around the world.

Graduates of the program have gone on to a range of careers in industry in companies like Riot Games as game director and Lead Scientist at Raytheon. Others have positions in academia at University of Pittsburgh, Columbia, and Stony Brook.

Standardized Tests

GRE General:  Not Accepted

APPLICATION DEADLINE

Questions about the program.

CS PhD Course Guidelines

The following program guidelines (a.k.a model pogram) serve as a starting point for a discussion with the faculty about areas of interest.   This description of the Computer Science PhD course guidelines augments the school-wide  PhD course requirements .   Students should make themselves familiar with both.

Course Guidelines for Ph.D. Students in Computer Science

We expect students to obtain broad knowledge of computer science by taking graduate level courses in a variety of sub-areas in computer science, such as systems, networking, databases, algorithms, complexity, hardware, human-computer interaction, graphics, or programming languages.

Within our school, CS courses are roughly organized according to sub-area by their middle digit, so we expect students to take courses in a minimum of three distinct sub-areas, one of which should be theory (denoted by the middle digit of 2, or CS 231). Theory is specifically required as we expect all students to obtain some background in the mathematical foundations that underlie computer science. The intention is not only to give breadth to students, but to ensure cross-fertilization across different sub-disciplines in Computer Science.

Just as we expect all students obtaining a Ph.D. to have experience with the theoretical foundations of computer science, we expect all students to have some knowledge of how to build large software or hardware systems , on the order of thousands of lines of code, or the equivalent complexity in hardware. That experience may be evidenced by coursework or by a project submitted to the CHD for examination. In almost all cases a course numbered CS 26x or CS 24x will satisfy the requirement (exceptions will be noted in the course description on my.harvard). Students may also petition to use CS 161 for this requirement.   For projects in other courses, research projects, or projects done in internships the student is expected to write a note explaining the project, include a link to any relevant artifacts or outcomes, describe the student's individual contribution, and where appropriate obtain a note from their advisor, their class instructor, or their supervisors confirming their contributions.  The project must include learning about systems concepts, and not just writing many lines of code.   Students hoping to invoke the non-CS24x/26x/161 option must consult with  Prof. Mickens ,  Prof, Kung,  or  Prof. Idreos  well in advance of submitting their Program Plan to the CHD.  

Computer science is an applied science, with connections to many fields. Learning about and connecting computer science to other fields is a key part of an advanced education in computer science. These connections may introduce relevant background, or they may provide an outlet for developing new applications.

For example, mathematics courses may be appropriate for someone working in theory, linguistics courses may be appropriate for someone working in computational linguistics, economics courses may be appropriate for those working in algorithmic economics, electrical engineering courses may be appropriate for those working in circuit design, and design courses may be appropriate for someone working in user interfaces.

Requirements

The Graduate School of Arts & Sciences (GSAS) requires all Ph.D. students to complete 16 half-courses (“courses”, i.e., for 4 units of credit) to complete their degree. Of those 16 courses, a Ph.D. in Computer Science requires 10 letter-graded courses. (The remaining 6 courses are often 300-level research courses or other undergraduate or graduate coursework beyond the 10 required courses.)

The requirements for the 10 letter-graded courses are as follows:

• Of the 7 technical courses, at least 3 must be 200-level Computer Science courses, with 3 different middle digits (from the set 2,3,4,5,6,7,8), and with one of these three courses either having a middle digit of 2 or being CS 231 (i.e., a “theory” course).   Note that CS courses with a middle digit of 0 are valid technical courses, but do not contribute to the breadth requirement.
• At least 5 of the 8 disciplinary courses must be SEAS or SEAS-equivalent 200-level courses. A “SEAS equivalent” course is a course taught by a SEAS faculty member in another FAS department. 
• For any MIT course taken, the student must provide justification why the MIT course is necessary (i.e. SEAS does not offer the topic, the SEAS course has not been offered in recent years, etc.). MIT courses do not count as part of the 5 200-level SEAS/SEAS-equivalent courses. 
• 2 of the 10 courses must constitute an external minor (referred to as "breadth" courses in the SEAS “ Policies of the Committee on Higher Degrees [CHD] ”) in an area outside of computer science. These courses should be clearly related; generally, this will mean the two courses are in the same discipline, although this is not mandatory. These courses must be distinct from the 8 disciplinary courses referenced above.
• Students must demonstrate practical competence by building a large software or hardware system during the course of their graduate studies. This requirement will generally be met through a class project, but it can also be met through work done in the course of a summer internship, or in the course of research.
• In particular, for Computer Science graduate degrees, Applied Computation courses may be counted as 100-level courses, not 200-level courses.
• Up to 2 of the 10 courses can be 299r courses, but only 1 of the up to 2 allowed 299r courses can count toward the 8 disciplinary courses. 299r courses do not count toward the 5 200-level SEAS/SEAS-equivalent courses. If two 299r’s are taken, they can be with the same faculty but the topics must be sufficiently different.
• A maximum of 3 graduate-level transfer classes are allowed to count towards the 10 course requirement.
• All CS Ph.D. program plans must adhere to the SEAS-wide Ph.D. requirements, which are stated in the SEAS Policies of the Committee on Higher Degrees (CHD) . These SEAS-wide requirements are included in the items listed above, though students are encouraged to read the CHD document if there are questions, as the CHD document provides further explanation/detail on several of the items above.
• All program plans must be approved by the CHD. Exceptions to any of these requirements require a detailed written explanation of the reasoning for the exception from the student and the student’s research advisor. Exceptions can only be approved by the CHD, and generally exceptions will only be given for unusual circumstances specific to the student’s research program.

Requirement Notes

• Courses below the 100-level are not suitable for graduate credit.
• For students who were required to take it, CS 2091/2092 (formerly CS 290a/b or 290hfa/hfb may be included as one of the 10 courses but it does not count toward the 200-level CS or SEAS/SEAS-equivalent course requirements nor toward the SM en route to the PhD.

Your program plan  must always comply  with both our school's General Requirements, in addition to complying with the specific requirements for Computer Science. All program plans must be approved by the Committee on Higher Degrees [CHD]. Exceptions to the requirements can only be approved by the CHD, and generally will only be given for unusual circumstances specific to the student’s research program

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Doctoral Degree

Doctor of philosophy (ph.d.).

The departmental Ph.D. program complies with the regulations of the Graduate School. This is a full-time program only . In addition to the information contained on this website, the Graduate School Catalog should be reviewed by all prospective applicants. This program is aimed at Ph.D. research and training students for careers in research and teaching.

All non-native English speakers who have not received a university-level degree from a U.S. college or university must pass the University's mandatory English Language Program by the end of their first year of study. Incoming students will be tested upon arrival, and may be required to participate in further English study. Students who do not pass by the end of their first year will not be readmitted.

Incoming students are assigned a first year academic adviser, who may or may not become their research adviser. During their first year students are expected to talk with faculty and secure a research adviser by the end of the academic year.  The department requests students identify an adviser by March 15th of the first academic year, and if more time is needed, to contact the graduate administrator to discuss the situation.

Teaching experience is considered to be a significant part of graduate education. All Ph.D. candidates are required to assist with course instruction for the equivalent of two terms.

All students must fulfill the competency requirements .

The general examination , taken during year 2, consists of a research seminar prepared under the supervision of a faculty member, followed by an in-depth oral examination on the contents of the seminar and the associated general area of research. Original research results do not have to be presented, but problems whose solution may lead to a thesis should be discussed. In many cases, the student's thesis is in the same area as the research seminar, but this is not required.

A final public oral examination (FPO) is required of all Ph.D. candidates. The FPO is taken after the candidate's dissertation has been accepted, and is primarily a defense of the dissertation. In preparation for the FPO, a preliminary FPO (pre-FPO) is held six months before the expected completion date. It covers results to date and planned research, and serves as a preliminary critique of the proposed dissertation.

Email forwarding for @cs.stanford.edu is changing. Updates and details here . CS Commencement Ceremony June 16, 2024.  Learn More .

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We are thrilled that you have expressed interest in the Computer Science Department's various degree programs. Our department invites excellent students from all backgrounds, including those from historically underrepresented groups in engineering, to consider Stanford University for their graduate studies. In making admissions decisions, the CS Department will comply with the requirements of the law as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States, evaluating each applicant based on their "experiences as an individual—not on the basis of race.” We continue to value a diverse student body that benefits the educational experience of our students and our mission of generating knowledge at Stanford University.

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Interested students are directed to Office of Undergraduate Admissions.

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The MS program prepares students for a professional career or research.

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The PhD program is a research-oriented program with few course requirements.  

Student Spotlight | Nava Haghighi "In some ways, computer science is another tool in my design toolbox – understanding the latest technology helps me find the right solutions for problems I’m trying to address. Because ultimately, even in diverse settings, we only represent a fraction of the backgrounds and experiences out there. To design a future that works for everyone, we need to include as many people as possible in these conversations." Read More on Nava's Story  

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All application deadlines are final and won't accepted late applications every entry quarter. Refer to the link below for our deadlines.

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The Computer Science Department wants to ensure students have resources to be successful in their academic journey. 

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Current Stanford students can add a PhD minor to their program or can seek an additional/change of degree.

• UT Austin Boot Camps

Is Computer Science Hard? What to Expect and How to Succeed

Is computer science hard? The short answer is “yes.” Search any list of majors to study, and you’ll likely find that computer science tops the list as one of the most challenging disciplines to learn.

Compared to other fields of study, pursuing a career in computer science requires both technical and analytical skill sets. What’s more, you’ll need to hone strong advanced math skills in order to learn the computer programming languages, systems, and algorithms required to succeed in this career field.

But, if you’re willing to put in the work and spend time learning, computer science can be a fulfilling, lucrative career path. Plus, there are plenty of coding boot camp options to help you acquire the skills you’ll need for your future computer science career.

How hard is computer science?

Computer science is the study of computers and computer systems. As a computer scientist, you may develop new ways to apply computing systems or solve business problems utilizing computers. Computer scientists do this by implementing new computing technologies, assessing algorithms, and writing new computer programs based on their knowledge of computer languages.

There are also many subfields within computer science to study when pursuing a career in this field. These subfields include artificial intelligence, evolving internet technology, software design, and database management, as well as computer programming.

While computer science is a complex subject and can be challenging, the good news is that your success depends on how much time and dedication you’re willing to devote to it. While mastering essential computer science concepts takes time and effort, it’s absolutely possible for anyone to learn. Those who excel at computer science tend to be passionately curious about how things work, and enjoy trial-and-error solutioning to understand the many complexities computer science can pose.

Is computer science hard if you have no programming experience?

Computer science will undoubtedly be easier if you come into the field with some programming experience. The good news? Coding boot camps make it easy to gain entry into the world of coding so you can approach your computer science studies with an added advantage. However, if you have no programming experience, it’s still possible to pursue computer science — you’ll just need to be prepared to learn programming skills simultaneously with your core computer science curriculum.

How much math is involved in computer science?

It’s no secret that knowledge of advanced mathematics is required to pursue a career in computer science. If math isn’t your favorite subject, you’ll be relieved to hear that many roles in computer science rarely employ advanced math on a daily basis. However, you will need to deal with a fair amount of advanced math during your computer science studies, including calculus, algebra, discrete mathematics, and statistics.

How to learn computer science

If you’re interested in learning computer science, there are two routes you can take to get there. You can either enroll in a traditional computer science major, or pursue a new pathway through a coding boot camp .

Pursuing a computer science degree

Depending on which career path you’re interested in, you can choose to pursue either a two-year associate degree, or a four-year bachelor’s degree in computer science. If you decide to pursue a bachelor’s degree, you’ll need to decide whether you’d like to obtain your computer science degree as a Bachelor of Science (BS) or a Bachelor of Arts (BA). A BS in computer science is considered a science track, and a BA in computer science is considered a humanities track. What this means is:

• A BS in computer science requires more math and engineering credit hours than a BA in computer science.
• Those who obtain a BS in computer science often are simultaneously accredited by the Computing Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET) , whereas those in the BA computer science program are not.
• BS in computer science learners often plan to work in STEM fields after graduation.
• BA in computer science learners often pursue a double major, with their primary field falling outside of sciences and engineering fields (e.g., finance, accounting, business administration).

When deciding on the university or college where you’ll pursue your computer science studies, pay attention to the networking opportunities they offer that can help place you in a role after graduation. Internships, career fairs, alumni groups, job seminars, and opportunities to meet with employers are all key to landing a role once you’ve completed your degree. Also, don’t be shy about reaching out to program graduates of the school you’re considering. Prospective learners often want to ask alumni about their learning experience and post-graduation job search. In fact, many alumni associations are happy to put you in touch with graduates in your field.

Enrolling in a coding boot camp

Coding boot camps offer an accelerated, cost-effective way to pursue a career in computer science . On average, boot camps last between three to nine months, offering both full-time and part-time options that fit with most schedules. Virtual formats are also an option for those looking to study during off-hours, from the comfort of home.

If you decide to pursue a coding boot camp, it’s important to first determine what type of coding you want to learn, and what your future goals are for the knowledge you’ll gain in a coding boot camp. If you’re interested in pursuing a career in computer science, a coding boot camp can provide the foundation for languages and tools used in day-to-day roles and responsibilities. However, additional training may be necessary to pursue a career in certain specialized fields.

Coding boot camps offer an array of options for those looking to pursue web development — or the creation and optimization of web-based applications. For individuals looking to pursue a career in web development through a coding boot camp, front end, back end, and full stack coding options are available to learn.

If you decide to enroll in a full-time coding program, a typical workload includes 20 hours of class time, along with 25 hours of assignments and projects to be completed outside of class. While this may sound rigorous, it’s a time-efficient option for those who want to make a quick career pivot. Part-time coding boot camp options typically include two classes per week — along with 25 hours of work outside of class weekly.

Pricing for coding boot camps is substantially more competitive than pursuing a degree. According to data collected by Best Colleges, the average cost for a coding boot camp was around $13,000 in 2021.

Computer science languages

One of the exciting things about pursuing a career in computer science is that the field is constantly growing and changing. While there are foundational programming languages that you’ll learn as part of your computer science studies, the demand for specific computer languages evolves rapidly. So, if you want to put yourself ahead of the game, familiarity with more than one language is key. Here are a few of the top programming languages you may learn as part of your computer science training.

Consistently ranked as one of the top programming languages to know, Python is generally considered a beginner-friendly language to learn — and most courses begin with it. The beauty of Python is that, in addition to being a text-based language which makes it easier to learn, it also has an active community of users who are willing to share their knowledge and findings. This comes in handy if you end up hitting a wall and need help troubleshooting your Python code.

In addition, Python is considered a “general purpose language,” which means it wasn’t designed to perform specific types of tasks. Rather, Python can be used to build a variety of programs, solve a variety of problems, and can do so effectively across most industries. And, given the sheer number of Python libraries available, oftentimes the code needed for a specific task has already been written and is retrievable in an open-source environment. This can help computer scientists complete their tasks more quickly and efficiently.

Finally, Python is an interpreted programming language — which means that each line of code can be run and checked, rather than having to wait until the end of the program to debug.

Many fields, including computer science, heavily use Python, including data science, web development, and app development. And, just because it’s the easiest programming language to learn doesn’t make it any less lucrative. If you needed one more reason to learn Python, salary data reported by PayScale shows that Python developers earn around $80,000 per year.

If you’re pursuing a career in computer science, chances are high that JavaScript will be part of your role. In fact, it ranks as the most popular programming language globally.

JavaScript is what makes a website dynamic; this language allows website visitors to click on galleries, play videos, and have movement populate throughout a page. JavaScript works alongside HTML and CSS coding to bring a website to life. Interactive experiences and online games rely on JavaScript to work. JavaScript is also key for mobile application development.

The average salary of programmers who know JavaScript falls around $86,000, according to Payscale.com .

Gain the skills you need to succeed in these coding professions with The Coding Boot Camp at UT Austin . Learn more and begin preparing for a new career today.

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Is computer science worth it?

Pursuing a career in computer science certainly comes with its challenges. You’ll need to learn new programming languages, spend time mastering foundations and algorithms, and learn through trial and error much of the time. However, if you’re willing to devote the time and effort necessary to obtain the knowledge you need, computer science opens doors for many diverse, lucrative careers in the technology field.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the tech field is growing faster than average . This means honing foundational computer science skills now will enable more job options — and job security — for your future. The BLS also found that the median salary for computer and information technology occupations was $91,250 per year as of May 2020.

Here are a few of the top careers that require a background in computer science:

Computer programmer

Software developers.

Median annual salary: $89,910 Computer programming is a dynamic field — one that can support businesses in many different capacities. Computer programmers may work with IT teams to upgrade and manage programs, write and test code, or bring designs to life with software developers.

Median annual salary: $110,140 Software developers work in many fields — from gaming to automotive and more. As a software developer, you will oversee building, designing, and analyzing software that achieves business goals and objectives.

Web designer

Information security analyst.

Median annual salary: $77,200 Web designers are an essential part of projecting a business’s brand to its customers. These professionals apply their creative and technical skills to craft compelling websites, graphics, and other electronic content that engages users and while helping maintain an optimized user experience. While there is no shortage of full-time, in-house roles available for web designers, this discipline is also lucrative from a freelance perspective for those who desire more work flexibility.

Median annual salary: $103,590 One of the fastest-growing jobs in tech, information security analysts guard businesses against cyberthreats through the enhancement of an organization’s cybersecurity posture and risk mitigation strategies. According to the BLS, information security analyst jobs are on track to grow by 31 percent in the next 10 years.

Is computer science for me?

The computer science field may be worth it from an earnings and job security standpoint. However, just because it can be pursued with hard work and effort doesn’t necessarily mean it’s the right path for everyone. If you’re still on the fence, here is a list of qualities you should have to pursue a career path in computer science.

You’re not afraid of math

You don’t need to be a mathematician in order to succeed in computer science. However, you will need to have a comfort level and aptitude for numbers, algorithms, and formulas — which are a core part of any career path within computer science.

You’re an avid problem-solver

Whether you’re writing code, evaluating an algorithm, or working with an IT team to identify issues, problem-solving is key in computer science. If working through solutions excites you rather than frustrates you, you’ll likely enjoy a career in computer science.

You’re creative

Computer science involves both analytical and creative thinking. If you’re someone who thinks outside the box when it comes to creating solutions to complex problems, there’s no shortage of opportunities for you to do so within this field.

How to succeed in computer science

Computer science is constantly growing and evolving — which means even after you’ve completed training, there will always be more to learn. To succeed in computer science, consider the following:

Attend meetups and seminars

Whether you’re looking to strengthen your skill set in a specific programming language, learn more about the latest cybersecurity trends, or just meet like-minded individuals in your field, continuing your learning journey through peer-led communities will set you apart, give you an edge, and help grow your network.

Grow and evolve your network

If you’re interested in learning about a particular career within computer science, don’t be afraid to reach out on platforms like LinkedIn to those working in a desired field. Chances are they were once in a similar position — curious about pursuing a new line of work, but not sure where to start. Many professionals in the computer science field are willing to pay it forward.

Don’t be afraid to fail

Learning by doing can often mean learning by failing — and that’s okay. Trial and error are part of the journey in computer science. The best mentors and managers know this, so don’t be afraid to lean on them for support if you get stuck.

Enjoy the journey

No matter how difficult it gets, finding the joy in learning and discovering more about the intricacies of computer science is key to success. If you can’t find enjoyment in the pursuit of knowledge, you’re less likely to enjoy your chosen computer science career once you’ve graduated or completed your coding boot camp.

Learn computer science today

Computer science is hard, but it is worth the effort. With the right mindset, tools, and experience under your belt, it’s possible to enjoy a career in computer science that’s fulfilling and rewarding. Computer science professionals are in demand — which means there’s never been a better time to get started and pursue the computer science role that’s right for you.

If you’re interested in learning more about computer science, be sure to conduct your due diligence in exploring more about the field. Speak to those in the roles you’re interested in, assess the learning options you have available, and consider enrolling in a coding boot camp to help jump-start your computer science career.

CS50: Introduction to Computer Science

An introduction to the intellectual enterprises of computer science and the art of programming.

Associated Schools

Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

What you'll learn.

A broad and robust understanding of computer science and programming

How to think algorithmically and solve programming problems efficiently

Concepts like abstraction, algorithms, data structures, encapsulation, resource management, security, software engineering, and web development

Familiarity with a number of languages, including C, Python, SQL, and JavaScript plus CSS and HTML

How to engage with a vibrant community of like-minded learners from all levels of experience

How to develop and present a final programming project to your peers

Course description

This is CS50x , Harvard University's introduction to the intellectual enterprises of computer science and the art of programming for majors and non-majors alike, with or without prior programming experience. An entry-level course taught by David J. Malan, CS50x teaches students how to think algorithmically and solve problems efficiently. Topics include abstraction, algorithms, data structures, encapsulation, resource management, security, software engineering, and web development. Languages include C, Python, SQL, and JavaScript plus CSS and HTML. Problem sets inspired by real-world domains of biology, cryptography, finance, forensics, and gaming. The on-campus version of CS50x , CS50, is Harvard's largest course. 

Students who earn a satisfactory score on 9 problem sets (i.e., programming assignments) and a final project are eligible for a certificate. This is a self-paced course–you may take CS50x on your own schedule.

Instructors

David J. Malan

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This course picks up where CS50 leaves off, diving more deeply into the design and implementation of web apps with Python, JavaScript, and SQL using frameworks like Django, React, and Bootstrap.

CS50 for Lawyers

This course is a variant of Harvard University's introduction to computer science, CS50, designed especially for lawyers (and law students).

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UMD Hosts Commencement Ceremonies for Computer Science Graduates

Every year, the University of Maryland honors its students with ceremonies that celebrate the culmination of their academic journeys. These events, marked by pomp and circumstance, bring together graduates, faculty and families to recognize the students' hard work and dedication.

Graduates expressed gratitude for the department's support and encouragement, highlighting the invaluable assistance faculty and departmental programs provided throughout their academic journey.

"It was a challenging major for me, but I pulled through with the department's support," said Mosimiloluwa Ojeyomi, an undergraduate student. "The complexity put us on a different pedestal with high expectations and knowledge requirements. The computer science department fulfilled these to a reputable level. My major support came from the diversity and inclusion unit for technical computing, which provided tutors outside of class when TAs were busy. This made a huge difference for me."

“Every graduate knows the path to success was rarely a straight line,” Shrestha shared. “I'm thankful to my faculty advisors and mentors. They let me get lost so I could find my way, but they never abandoned me. I want to thank them for mentoring and challenging me so I can dig deeper and reach a bit further. They supported and encouraged me so I could get up when the line turned downwards. They were a huge part of this journey, and I am truly thankful.”

The department ranks No. 10 among public institutions and No. 17 overall in the 2024 edition of U.S. News & World Report's “Best Graduate Schools,” maintaining its position from last year. Additionally, the undergraduate program ranks 18th in the nation and 9th among public institutions. The year also saw the introduction of the Artificial Intelligence Interdisciplinary Institute at Maryland (AIM) , further expanding the opportunities for students to engage in cutting-edge research and innovation.

Department Chair Matthias Zwicker praised the significance of their accomplishments and the opportunities that lie ahead.

“We are incredibly proud of our graduates,” said Zwicker, the Elizabeth Iribe Chair for Innovation and the Phillip H. and Catherine C. Horvitz Professor. “Their dedication, hard work and resilience have paid off, and seeing their progress is inspiring. We are thrilled to send everyone our heartiest congratulations and best wishes!"

—Story by Samuel Malede Zewdu, CS Communications 

—Photo credit: Mark Sherwood

The Department welcomes comments, suggestions and corrections.  Send email to editor [-at-] cs [dot] umd [dot] edu .

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Computer engineering graduate student invited to Heidelberg Laureate Forum

Graduate student Dina Hussein has been selected to participate in the Heidelberg Laureate Forum where she will have the chance to meet the world’s top researchers in computer science and math.

The week-long event is a networking conference in which 200 math and computer science student researchers from around the world spend a week interacting with recipients of the top prizes in those fields, such as the Abel Prize, ACM A.M. Turing Award, ACM Prize in Computing, Fields Medal and the Nevanlinna Prize. The event will be held in Heidelberg, Germany in September.

“I feel incredibly honored and excited to have been asked to participate in the Heidelberg Laureate Forum,” said Hussein, a PhD student in WSU’s School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS). “It’s a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to engage with laureates who have made groundbreaking contributions to mathematics and computer science.”

Hussein said she is particularly excited about getting the opportunity to discuss her research with experts in the field, receiving feedback, and learning from their experiences.

“The first question I would like to ask the laureates would be, ‘What advice would you give to young researchers like me who are just starting their journey in research,’” she said.

A graduate student at WSU since 2021, Hussein is studying computer engineering. Her research is in machine learning algorithms for wearable device applications.  She has received several awards at WSU, including being named an outstanding graduate research assistant in 2024 and an outstanding teaching assistant in 2022. She took second place this year in Voiland College’s three-minute thesis competition. She also received an award at the Association for Computing Machinery’s Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems (SIGBED) student research competition in 2023. After completing her PhD, she hopes to conduct research in academia or in a research lab.

“Dina is an outstanding student in the School of EECS with wide breadth and depth of publications in design automation, embedded systems, and AI venues. She is also working on problems with social impact,” said Ganapati Bhat, Raymond and Beverly Lorenz Distinguished Assistant Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering and Hussein’s advisor. “Her contributions have been well recognized, including through the School of EECS, the 3-minute thesis competition, and ACM student research contributions.”

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When the PhD path leads to career struggles

A doctoral degree is a major commitment. Think carefully.

I appreciated reading Kara Miller’s The Big Idea column “PhD: Pretty heavily disappointed” (Business, May 22), about people with doctoral degrees struggling to build careers in academia. It made me think back to a conversation I had when I was about to graduate from high school.

I happened to run into a former track coach of mine, and as we were reminiscing he asked me what I planned as a major in college. “History,” I responded. He said, “Why don’t you take some computer classes also? It never hurts to be able to do something useful.”

I did not reflect on his motivation at the time, but my track coach was a young guy, and he was probably giving me advice straight from his own life, as a parent trying to raise his own young children. I did take computer classes in college and ultimately received a PhD in chemical engineering. I always remember that conversation as being a kind of turning point.

Earning a doctoral degree is a life commitment of great proportion. It can take, as Miller notes, between four and seven years. If we think of working life as roughly between the ages of 22 and 65, then a PhD requires more than 10 percent of a person’s working life. People need to think carefully about that investment.

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Two powerful arguments in favor of the path of science, technology, engineering, and math are that there tend to be more STEM jobs for PhDs, and many universities’ STEM departments are generous in covering their PhD students’ tuition and cost of studies, including a stipend toward food, rent, and other expenses.

Stuart Gallant

Not much has changed in 30 years

As I prepared to graduate in 1995 with a doctor of education degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, my mother memorably said to me, “Of my four children, you are the one with the most education and the smallest salary.” Apparently not much has changed in 30 years.

I must congratulate these students, however, on following their passion rather than following the money. I can’t help but think that their lives, though stressful, may contain greater happiness.

Peggy Clark

Lawyers & electricians & philosophers, oh my!

Kara Miller’s column on the career challenges for people with doctoral degrees generated more than 260 comments on Boston.Globe.com. The following is an edited sample of readers’ reactions:

Lots of law school grads are underemployed as well. (PL)

So true, PL. The market in Massachusetts is flooded with talented lawyers seeking work. (Roforma)

Supply and demand, the market at work. (guk)

Investing in education and research in all fields is the hallmark of a society with staying power. Disinvesting from these endeavors signals decline and decay. (Massachusetts citizen)

Electricians, plumbers, mechanics, and other skilled technical professions have no problems getting $100k jobs with great benefits. (ramsen)

Not enough turnover from tenured professors, leaving little space for new faculty. Although the tenured, well-established professors are needed, it’s the junior faculty who are hungry and with new ideas that help build new programs. The whole graduate program model is a bad model. I worked two jobs, had my tuition and some type of minimal student health insurance and could barely cover the rent with my stipend, and the second job paid for everything else. Though I was working on many faculty projects, it was the faculty who said this would be good for me. Never did they say it was also good for them. (TravelerofNJ2)

I just retired from a tenured faculty position in science. I’m in my early 70s. I have colleagues who are still doing what they do well into their 70s, a couple approaching 80. There is no active incentive from the university to move the older faculty on, to make way for a new generation. (Lola-lola)

The next step is for adjuncts to go on strike across the nation and hold colleges and universities accountable. The current system is completely absurd. (Wordsmith2358)

Universities should be required to release disclosure data about the fate of their PhD graduates. (davidman820)

I knew an attorney who managed a Cheesecake Factory. She had worked in food services through school. As an attorney, she really did not make that much money and was not doing the field of law of her choice. How many real estate closings can you do without dying of boredom? She went into management in the food industry and makes the same salary. (Antietem)

It was always a question and puzzling to me why people study philosophy. (Blazer27)

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