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Coexistence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes among clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Egypt

Data about the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in P . aeruginosa compared to the Enterobacteriaceae family is limited. The availabi...

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Genome analyses of colistin-resistant high-risk bla NDM-5 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 and ST357 in clinical settings

Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic used in extreme cases of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. Colistin resistance has increased in recent years and often goes undetected due to t...

Vitamin D and vitamin K1 as novel inhibitors of biofilm in Gram-negative bacteria

The persistent surge in antimicrobial resistance represents a global disaster. The initial attachment and maturation of microbial biofilms are intimately related to antimicrobial resistance, which in turn exac...

Comparison of the sputum microbiome between patients with stable nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease and patients requiring treatment

We evaluated whether the sputum bacterial microbiome differs between nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) patients with stable disease not requiring antibiotic treatment and those requiring a...

Analysis of the intestinal microbiota and profiles of blood amino acids and acylcarnitines in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia

This study aimed to discuss the distinctive features of the intestinal microbiota in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and to comprehensively analyse the composition of the intestinal microbiota as well as the ...

Oral microbiota transplantation for intra-oral halitosis: a feasibility analysis based on an oral microbiota colonization trial in Wistar rats

Intra-oral halitosis (IOH) is bad breath produced locally by the mouth in addition to systemic diseases and is one of the main causes of interpersonal communication and psychological disorders in modern societ...

Characterization of the gut microbiota in polycystic ovary syndrome with dyslipidemia

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy in childbearing-age females which can cause many complications, such as diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. The metabolic disorders in patients with PCOS ...

Performance comparison of BD Phoenix CPO detect panel with Cepheid Xpert Carba-R assay for the detection of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates

We aimed to compare the performance of carbapenemase classification in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) obtained using the BD Phoenix CPO Detect panel (CPO panel) and Cepheid Xpert Carba-R assays...

A novel family of defensin-like peptides from Hermetia illucens with antibacterial properties

The world faces a major infectious disease challenge. Interest in the discovery, design, or development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as an alternative approach for the treatment of bacterial infections has...

Bullet-related bacterial wound infections among injured personnel at emergency site hospitals in Bahir Dar: prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and associated factors

Bullet-related bacterial wound infection can be caused by high-velocity bullets and shrapnel injuries. In Ethiopia, significant injuries were reported that may cause severe wound infections, persistent systemi...

Osmolyte-producing microbial biostimulants regulate the growth of Arachis hypogaea L. under drought stress

Globally, drought stress poses a significant threat to crop productivity. Improving the drought tolerance of crops with microbial biostimulants is a sustainable strategy to meet a growing population’s demands....

Evaluation of fortimicin antibiotic combinations against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and resistome analysis of a whole genome sequenced pan-drug resistant isolate

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa is a rising public health concern, challenging the treatment of such a ubiquitous pathogen with monotherapeutic anti-pseudomonal agents. Worryingly, its genome plasticit...

The predominant lactic acid bacteria and yeasts involved in the spontaneous fermentation of millet during the production of the traditional porridge Hausa koko in Ghana

Spontaneous fermentation of cereals like millet involves a diverse population of microbes from various sources, including raw materials, processing equipment, fermenting receptacles, and the environment. Here,...

A culture-independent approach, supervised machine learning, and the characterization of the microbial community composition of coastal areas across the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea

Coastal areas are subject to various anthropogenic and natural influences. In this study, we investigated and compared the characteristics of two coastal regions, Andhra Pradesh (AP) and Goa (GA), focusing on ...

Interactions between host and gut microbiota in gestational diabetes mellitus and their impacts on offspring

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation, and most studies have demonstrated gut dysbiosis in GDM pregnancies. Overall, they were manifested as a re...

The effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on antibiotic-associated diarrhea and its impact on gut microbiota

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) refers to symptoms of diarrhea that cannot be explained by other causes after the use of antibiotics. AAD is thought to be caused by a disruption of intestinal ecology due ...

Exploring the diversity and evolutionary strategies of prophages in Hyphomicrobiales, comparing animal-associated with non-animal-associated bacteria

The Hyphomicrobiales bacterial order (previously Rhizobiales) exhibits a wide range of lifestyle characteristics, including free-living, plant-association, nitrogen-fixing, and association with animals ( Bartonell...

Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion promotes intestinal colonization by Campylobacter jejuni in mice

To establish a method to induce Campylobacter jejuni colonization in the intestines of C57BL/6 mice through antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion.

Response mechanisms of different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to succinic acid

The production of succinic acid (SA) from biomass has attracted worldwide interest. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is preferred for SA production due to its strong tolerance to low pH conditions, ease of genetic manipu...

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from mastitis and enteritis in Egyptian dairy farms

Clostridium perfringens , a common environmental bacterium, is responsible for a variety of serious illnesses including food poisoning, digestive disorders, and soft tissue infections. Mastitis in lactating cattle...

Genetic recombination-mediated evolutionary interactions between phages of potential industrial importance and prophages of their hosts within or across the domains of Escherichia, Listeria , Salmonella, Campylobacter , and Staphylococcus

The in-depth understanding of the role of lateral genetic transfer (LGT) in phage-prophage interactions is essential to rationalizing phage applications for human and animal therapy, as well as for food and en...

Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of oleuropein against Escherichia coli and fluconazole-resistant isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata

Side effects associated with antimicrobial drugs, as well as their high cost, have prompted a search for low-cost herbal medicinal substances with fewer side effects. These substances can be used as supplement...

Differences in archaeal diversity and potential ecological functions between saline and hypersaline lakes on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were driven by multiple environmental and non-environmental factors beyond the salinity

Saline lakes are home to various archaea that play special and crucial roles in the global biogeochemical cycle. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau hosts a large number of lakes with diverse salinity ranging from 0.1 t...

Prevalence and molecular characterization of colistin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates: insights from a study in Ardabil hospitals

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of nosocomial infections. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains has complicated the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. While polymyxins have been the m...

Metabolomics reveals high fructose-1,6-bisphosphate from fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans

Fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ) strains have developed due to the wide use of fluoride in dental caries prevention. However, the metabolomics of fluoride-resistant S. mutans remains unclear.

Human nasal microbiota shifts in healthy and chronic respiratory disease conditions

An increasing number of studies investigate various human microbiotas and their roles in the development of diseases, maintenance of health states, and balanced signaling towards the brain. Current data demons...

Seasonal meropenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and influence of temperature-driven adaptation

Recognition of seasonal trends in bacterial infection and drug resistance rates may enhance diagnosis, direct therapeutic strategies, and inform preventive measures. Limited data exist on the seasonal variabil...

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infections causing bacterial isolates and associated risk factors among HIV patients in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Urinary tract infections, a prevalent global infectious disease, are clinical issues not well studied in HIV-positive individuals. UTIs have become a global drug resistance issue, but the prevalence and antibi...

Connection of pre-competition anxiety with gut microbiota and metabolites in wrestlers with varying sports performances based on brain-gut axis theory

The purpose of this study is to investigate the connection of pre-competition anxiety with gut microbiota and metabolites in wrestlers with different sports performances.

High-resolution genomics identifies pneumococcal diversity and persistence of vaccine types in children with community-acquired pneumonia in the UK and Ireland

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a global cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and invasive disease in children. The CAP-IT trial (grant No. 13/88/11;

Epidemiological and Genomic analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from imported travelers at the port of Shanghai, China (2017-2019)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the predominant etiological agent of seafood-associated foodborne illnesses on a global scale. It is essential to elucidate the mechanisms by which this pathogen disseminates. Given the...

Detection of bla KPC gene among carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different clinical specimens at tertiary care hospital of Nepal

Klebsiella pneumoniae infections have become a major cause of hospital acquired infection worldwide with the increased rate of acquisition of resistance to antibiotics. Carbapenem resistance mainly among Gram ne...

Survival of highly related ESBL- and pAmpC- producing Escherichia coli in broiler farms identified before and after cleaning and disinfection using cgMLST

Broiler chickens are frequently colonized with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase- (ESBL-) and plasmid mediated AmpC Beta-Lactamase- (pAmpC-) producing Enterobacterales, and we are confronted with the potential ...

Genomic characterization and probiotic potential assessment of an exopolysaccharide-producing strain Pediococcus pentosaceus LL-07 isolated from fermented meat

The genomic information available for Pediococcus pentosaceus is primarily derived from fermented fruits and vegetables, with less information available from fermented meat. P. pentosaceus LL-07, a strain isolate...

Gut bacterial and fungal dysbiosis in tuberculosis patients

Recent studies have more focused on gut microbial alteration in tuberculosis (TB) patients. However, no detailed study on gut fungi modification has been reported till now. So, current research explores the ch...

Production of kojic acid by Aspergillus flavus OL314748 using box-Behnken statistical design and its antibacterial and anticancer applications using molecular docking technique

Kojic acid is a wonderful fungal secondary metabolite that has several applications in the food, medical, and agriculture sectors. Many human diseases become resistant to normal antibiotics and normal treatmen...

Microbiome signatures associated with clinical stages of gastric Cancer: whole metagenome shotgun sequencing study

Gastric cancer is one of the global health concerns. A series of studies on the stomach have confirmed the role of the microbiome in shaping gastrointestinal diseases. Delineation of microbiome signatures to d...

The characteristics of microbiome in the upper respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients

Co-infection with other pathogens in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients exacerbates disease severity and impacts patient prognosis. Clarifying the exact pathogens co-infected with severe acute respir...

Occurrence, antibiotic resistance profiles and associated risk factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae in poultry farms in selected districts of Somalia Reginal State, Ethiopia

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic infection that causes production losses and death in the chicken industry. A cross-sectional study was conducted on exotic chicken breeds reared at the Jigjiga poultry fa...

High prevalence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and AmpC genes isolated from neonatal sepsis in Ahvaz, Iran

In the recent years, multidrug resistant (MDR) neonatal septicemia-causing Enterobacterales has been dramatically increased due to the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC enzymes. This study aimed ...

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella species among children discharged from hospital in Western Kenya

The emergence and spread of β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella spp. has been associated with a substantial healthcare burden resulting in therapeutic failures. We sought to describe the proportion of phenotypic res...

Exertional heat stroke-induced changes in gut microbiota cause cognitive impairment in mice

The incidence of exertional heat stroke (EHS) escalates during periods of elevated temperatures, potentially leading to persistent cognitive impairment postrecovery. Currently, effective prophylactic or therap...

Altered microbiome of serum exosomes in patients with acute and chronic cholecystitis

This study aimed to investigate the differences in the microbiota composition of serum exosomes from patients with acute and chronic cholecystitis.

Saliva‑microbiome‑derived signatures: expected to become a potential biomarker for pulmonary nodules (MCEPN-1)

Oral microbiota imbalance is associated with the progression of various lung diseases, including lung cancer. Pulmonary nodules (PNs) are often considered a critical stage for the early detection of lung cance...

The gut microbiota facilitate their host tolerance to extreme temperatures

Exposure to extreme cold or heat temperature is one leading cause of weather-associated mortality and morbidity in animals. Emerging studies demonstrate that the microbiota residing in guts act as an integral ...

Establishment of an in vitro model of monocyte-like THP-1 cells for trained immunity induced by bacillus Calmette-Guérin

Mycobacteria bloodstream infections are common in immunocompromised people and usually have disastrous consequences. As the primary phagocytes in the bloodstream, monocytes and neutrophils play critical roles ...

The distinct cell physiology of Bradyrhizobium at the population and cellular level

The α-Proteobacteria belonging to Bradyrhizobium genus are microorganisms of extreme slow growth. Despite their extended use as inoculants in soybean production, their physiology remains poorly characterized. In ...

Decoding the role of oxidative stress resistance and alternative carbon substrate assimilation in the mature biofilm growth mode of Candida glabrata

Biofilm formation is viewed as a vital mechanism in C. glabrata pathogenesis. Although, it plays a significant role in virulence but transcriptomic architecture and metabolic pathways governing the biofilm growth...

Occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance genes of Staphylococcus aureus in milk and milk products in the Arsi highlands of Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, milk production and handling practices often lack proper hygiene measures, leading to the potential contamination of milk and milk products with Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), including methicill...

Based on molecular docking and real-time PCR technology, the two-component system Bae SR was investigated on the mechanism of drug resistance in CRAB

This study aimed to explore the role of the two-component system Bae SR in the mechanism of drug resistance in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) using molecular docking and real-time polymerase chain react...

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Revolutionizing Medical Microbiology: How Molecular and Genomic Approaches Are Changing Diagnostic Techniques

Poyasha a goyal.

1 Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Wardha, IND

Nandkishor J Bankar

2 Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Wardha, IND

Vaishnavi H Mishra

Sonali k borkar.

3 Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Wardha, IND

Jagadish G Makade

4 Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences(DU), Wardha, IND

Molecular and genomic approaches have revolutionized medical microbiology by offering faster and more accurate diagnostic techniques for infectious diseases. Traditional methods, which include culturing microbes and biochemical testing, are time-consuming and may not detect antibiotic-resistant strains. In contrast, molecular and genomic methods, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques and whole-genome sequencing, provide rapid and precise detection of pathogens, early-stage diseases, and antibiotic-resistant strains. These approaches have advantages such as high sensitivity and specificity, the potential for targeted therapies, and personalized medicine. However, implementing molecular and genomic techniques faces challenges related to cost, equipment, expertise, and data analysis. Ethical and legal considerations regarding patient privacy and genetic data usage also arise. Nonetheless, the future of medical microbiology lies in the widespread adoption of molecular and genomic approaches, which can lead to improved patient outcomes and the identification of antibiotic-resistant strains. Continued advancements, education, and exploration of ethical implications are necessary to fully harness the potential of molecular and genomic techniques in medical microbiology.

Introduction and background

The healthcare system depends heavily on the science of diagnostics because it serves as the basis for medical judgment. Diagnostic tests provide crucial data that inform personalized cancer treatments, assist in choosing the best antibiotics to treat infections, and offer insightful information on every aspect of healthcare, including disease management, prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment [ 1 ]. Clinical chemistry, immunology, hematology, microbiology, and molecular diagnostics are some of the primary diagnostic categories. Among these, molecular diagnostics has attracted a lot of attention recently because of its capacity to offer comprehensive insights into diagnosis as well as therapy modalities. This field has experienced significant changes, revolutionizing healthcare by deeply understanding various illness states [ 2 ]. Advanced technologies are used in molecular diagnostics to find and examine genetic and molecular changes linked to diseases. To better understand and treat a variety of medical diseases, molecular diagnostics has created new pathways for study and treatment by analyzing people's genetic makeup [ 3 ]. Specific diseases and disorders have been addressed for in-depth examination and therapy in the field of molecular diagnostics. This method has made it possible to create precise and personalized therapies based on a person's genetic profile, increasing the effectiveness and results of treatments. Particularly helpful applications of molecular diagnostics include oncology, infectious diseases, genetic abnormalities, and personalized treatment [ 4 ]. Two novel therapeutic modalities, pharmacogenomics, and nutrigenomics, have also been made possible by the science of molecular diagnostics. Pharmacogenomics entails examining a person's genetic variants to ascertain how they will react to specific pharmaceuticals, optimizing treatment regimens, and reducing negative drug reactions. Nutrigenomics, on the other hand, investigates how a person's genes and diet interact, enabling tailored nutritional recommendations that can have an impact on disease management techniques [ 5 , 6 ]. Diagnostics and healthcare have undergone a paradigm shift due to molecular diagnostics. Utilizing cutting-edge technologies and expanding our knowledge of genetic and molecular variables has changed medical research, diagnosis, and treatment methods. The potential of molecular diagnostics in creating tailored and successful disease treatment strategies is further highlighted by the development of nutrigenomics and pharmacogenomics [ 7 , 8 ]. The objective of this review is to explore molecular and genomic techniques' potential for improving medical microbiology.

Search strategy

We used the PubMed and Scopus advanced search strategy to obtain articles from PubMed and Scopus employing the following terms: (“molecular diagnostic techniques” OR “genomic diagnostic techniques” OR “traditional diagnostic techniques" or "molecular and genomic approaches” OR “traditional diagnostic techniques” OR “molecular and genomic approaches” OR “advantages of molecular and genomic approaches in medical microbiology” OR “strengths molecular and genomic approaches” OR “limitations molecular and genomic approaches”). We obtained the most pertinent research papers and used them in different arrangements using the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR.” 

Search outcomes

After conducting the initial search, we identified a total of 965 articles across the searched databases. We then excluded duplicates (n=400) and conducted an initial screening of titles and abstracts, which excluded a further 565 articles. After the full-text screening of the remaining 360 articles, we excluded 149 articles for not meeting the inclusion criteria; the full free text was not available and was not written in English, leaving a total of 56 articles for the final review (Figure ​ (Figure1 1 ).

PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; n: number of studies

The timeline illustrates key milestones in the field of molecular diagnostics. Pauling's term "molecular disease" in 1949 linked genetics to sickle cell anemia. The 1980s saw prenatal tests using deoxyribonucleic acid-cutting enzymes. Companies like Molecular Diagnostics Inc. emerged, followed by gene discoveries and sequencing techniques in the 1990s. The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) was formed in 1995; the European Union (EU) allowed gene patents in 1998; and journals like The Journal of Medical Diagnostics started. Legal battles over gene patents occurred, including the 2013 United States Supreme Court ruling against patenting natural gene sequences. The history of molecular and genomic technique advancements is mentioned in Table ​ Table1 1 .

DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; AMP: Association for Molecular Pathology; BRCA1: BReast CAncer gene 1; BRCA2: BReast CAncer gene 2; RNA: ribonucleic acid; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

Traditional diagnostic techniques versus molecular and genomic approaches

Traditional diagnostic techniques for infectious diseases include culturing microbes on agar plates, biochemical testing, and microscopic examination of samples. These methods are slow, often taking days or weeks to yield results, and they may not be able to identify the causative agent of infection [ 12 ]. Additionally, traditional diagnostic techniques may be unable to detect antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, which can lead to inappropriate treatment and potentially fatal outcomes [ 13 , 14 ]. Traditional methods' primary drawback is how time-consuming they are. To allow for the growth and identification of organisms, an incubation duration of several days or even weeks is necessary when cultivating bacteria on agar plates. This wait for findings can delay the start of therapy, which can be harmful, especially in cases of serious or life-threatening infections [ 15 ].

In contrast, molecular and genomic approaches offer faster and more accurate results and can detect antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria [ 16 ]. These methods entail isolating nucleic acids from a patient's sample, such as blood or tissue, and using molecular and genomic instruments to pinpoint the infection's causal culprit. These techniques include bioinformatics, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [ 17 ]. The DNA testing was significantly accelerated and made more efficient thanks to next-generation sequencing (NGS), which offered a strong alternative for identifying mutations [ 18 ].

Advantages of molecular and genomic approaches

In comparison to conventional diagnostic methods, molecular and genomic approaches have several advantages (Table ​ (Table2 2 ).

These methods are quicker and more precise. While whole-genome sequencing can offer a thorough examination of all the bacteria present in a sample, PCR-based approaches can pinpoint the infection's primary cause in a matter of hours. Early and more focused treatment of infections is made possible by this speed and accuracy, which can improve patient outcomes [ 19 , 20 ]. Traditional diagnostic methods are less sensitive and specific than molecular and genomic approaches. These techniques can identify microorganisms at low concentrations that conventional techniques can miss [ 21 ]. Furthermore, molecular and genomic techniques can be used to identify particular strains of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, which can be very helpful in infectious disease epidemics [ 22 ].

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains can be found using molecular and genomic methods. These strains are spreading more widely, and conventional diagnostic methods might not be able to distinguish them. Antibiotic-resistant genes can be found using molecular and genomic methods, allowing for effective infection therapy [ 23 , 24 ].

Molecular and genomic techniques in the diagnosis of infectious diseases

Molecular and genomic techniques are being used in the diagnosis of a wide range of infectious diseases [ 25 ]. Polymerase chain reaction-based methods are commonly used to diagnose viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis, and influenza [ 26 ]. These methods can also be used to diagnose bacterial infections, such as tuberculosis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea [ 27 ]. Another method that is rapidly being employed in medical microbiology is whole-genome sequencing. This technique includes sequencing every piece of DNA found in a sample of microorganisms, which can produce a thorough examination of every bacterium present [ 28 ]. When infectious disease outbreaks occur, whole-genome sequencing can be very helpful in locating the outbreak origin and monitoring the disease progress [ 29 ].

Nucleic acid amplification test 

The gold standard for amplification procedures in diagnostics is PCR. Since the method's initial publication in 1985 [ 30 ]. In medical microbiology, PCR-based methods are frequently employed to identify bacterial and viral illnesses. These procedures entail amplifying particular DNA sequences from a patient's sample, which can then be found using a variety of techniques, including gel electrophoresis or fluorescence. Gene analysis, the diagnosis of numerous genetic illnesses, and the detection of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections have all greatly benefited from the invention of methods for amplifying DNA segments [ 31 - 34 ]. Polymerase chain reaction-based methods are quick and accurate, and they can find small amounts of bacteria [ 35 ]. The detection of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics is also possible using PCR-based methods. These strains frequently possess particular genes that confer antibiotic resistance, and PCR-based methods can identify the presence of these genes. This can aid in determining the most effective way to treat infections [ 36 ].

Whole-genome sequencing

A potent technique for the diagnosis of infectious disorders is WGS. This technique entails sequencing every piece of DNA found in a sample of microorganisms, which can produce a thorough examination of every bacterium present. It allows for the high-resolution characterization of bacterial pathogens in terms of traits including pathogenicity, molecular epidemiology, and antibiotic resistance [ 37 ]. When infectious disease outbreaks occur, whole-genome sequencing can be very helpful in locating the outbreak's origin and monitoring the disease's progress [ 38 , 39 ]. The identification of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics is another application of WGS. This method involves identifying specific genes that confer antibiotic resistance, which can aid in determining the most effective way to treat infections [ 40 ]. The development of next-generation sequencing equipment has decreased the cost of WGS. However, the absence of a WGS beginner's protocol still prevents its acceptance in some contexts [ 37 ].

In bioinformatics and data analysis, molecular and genomic approaches and numerous data sets are produced by molecular and genomic techniques, and these data sets need to be evaluated and understood. Medical microbiology uses molecular and genomic techniques, while bioinformatics is the branch of science that deals with the processing and interpretation of biological data [ 41 , 42 ]. In bioinformatics, biological data are analyzed and interpreted using computational tools and algorithms. The identification of certain genes and proteins, sequence comparison, and biological molecule structure and function predictions are all possible with the use of these technologies. For the processing and interpretation of the enormous volumes of data produced by molecular and genomic techniques, bioinformatics is crucial [ 43 ].

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

The 1980s saw the development of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) by Hillenkamp and Karas, which is essential for analyzing biomolecule masses. It ionizes molecules using a matrix and laser to create distinctive profiles for proteomics, biomolecule analysis, and microbiological identification. Their laser-ionization and time-of-flight detection methods are used in clinical diagnostics, drug development, and quality control because they provide quick, precise molecular insights. It quickly rose to prominence in clinical microbiology, revolutionizing the identification of microorganisms based on mass spectra, "fingerprints," and proteomics, detecting and characterizing proteins [ 44 ]. It evolved, advancing sample processing, instrument design, and data analysis for use in a variety of industries, including environmental analysis, food safety, and drug discovery. Due to its great sensitivity, speed, and versatility, MALDI-TOF has become a cornerstone of mass spectrometry and is essential to modern research across many fields of science [ 45 ].

Next-generation sequencing

The field of genetic research has been completely changed by NGS, also known as massively parallel or deep sequencing. This technology makes it possible to quickly and affordably sequence complete genomes, opening the door for ground-breaking research in a variety of domains. Next-generation sequencing has ushered in a new era of genomics research by making it possible to sequence the human genome in just one day, enabling improvements in personalized medicine, evolutionary biology, microbiology, and other fields. This review examines the foundations, uses, and consequences of NGS, emphasizing its contribution to advancing knowledge and its potential to alter how we perceive the genetic universe [ 46 ]. Next-generation sequencing has revolutionized genomics. After a modest start in 1977 with Sanger sequencing, NGS developed in the 2000s, characterized by 454's pyro-sequencing and Illumina's parallel technology [ 47 ]. Ion Torrent's semiconductor detection, Pac Bio's real-time readings, and Oxford Nanopore's nanopore-based sequencing have all contributed to the advancement of NGS. This revolution affected genetics, medicine, agriculture, and other fields through initiatives like the Human Genome Project. Genomic profiling, cancer detection, infectious disease detection, transcriptome analysis, epigenetic, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), pharmacogenomics, diagnosis of rare diseases, microbiome research, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing are a few of the uses of NGS. Next-generation sequencing has issues with data handling yet continues to advance molecular diagnostics and tailored treatment while providing speed, accuracy, and scalability.

Challenges in implementing molecular and genomic approaches

Although molecular and genomic approaches have several benefits over conventional diagnostic methods, there are also several practical obstacles [ 48 ]. Some medical facilities might not have the necessary tools and knowledge that these methods demand. Additionally, these methods might be pricey, which might restrict who can use them [ 49 ]. Numerous data sets are produced by molecular and genomic techniques, and these data sets need to be evaluated and understood. This calls for specific knowledge in data processing and bioinformatics, which might not be available in all medical facilities [ 50 ]. The use of molecular and genomic methods in medical microbiology has ethical and legal implications. Concerns including patient privacy, informed consent, and the ownership and usage of genetic data are among them [ 51 ].

Future of molecular and genomic approaches

Molecular and genomic methods are anticipated to influence the direction of medical microbiology in the future. With these methods, infectious illness diagnoses can be made more quickly and precisely, which can lead to better patient outcomes [ 52 , 53 ]. Additionally, in light of the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, molecular and genomic techniques can be used to discover bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics [ 54 ].

Future developments are projected to increase the accessibility and availability of molecular and genomic methods. It will be necessary to do this by creating new technology and educating medical personnel on how to use it [ 55 ]. Additionally, continued investigation into the ethical and legal issues connected to the application of molecular and genomic techniques in medical microbiology will be necessary [ 56 ].

Conclusions

Medical microbiology is undergoing a revolution thanks to molecular and genomic techniques. Infectious disease diagnoses can now be made more quickly and precisely thanks to these methods, which can benefit patient outcomes. Additionally, molecular and genomic techniques can aid in the identification of bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics, which is becoming more crucial in light of the rise in antibiotic resistance. Molecular and genomic techniques are likely to be made more broadly available and accessible in the future, notwithstanding the difficulties involved in their implementation. This will necessitate continual study and development as well as instruction in the usage of these methods for medical practitioners. In the end, the application of molecular and genomic methods in medical microbiology can revolutionize how we identify and treat infectious diseases while also enhancing patient outcomes globally.

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Archives of Microbiology

The "Archives of Microbiology" is a peer-reviewed, international journal dedicated to publishing research and reviews in the field of microbiology. The journal aims to provide a platform for scientists, researchers, and scholars to disseminate their findings, exchange ideas, and contribute to the advancement of microbiological knowledge. 

• A leading resource for the dissemination of research in microbiology with focus on topics relevant to Sustainable Development Goals
• Focused on speed of submission (first decision in 3 to 5 days),
• With an international, multicultural and diverse Editorial Board.
• Yusuf Akhter

Latest articles

Secreted in xylem ( six ) genes in fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense ( foc ) unravels the potential biomarkers for early detection of fusarium wilt disease.

• Kausalyaa Kaliapan
• Siti Nur Akmar Mazlin
• Yusmin Mohd-Yusuf

Carbon substrates promotes stress resistance and drug tolerance in clinical isolates of Candida tropicalis

• Arpita Khamrai
• Saikat Paul
• Anup K. Ghosh

Enterocin DD14 can inhibit the infection of eukaryotic cells with enveloped viruses

• Radja Teiar
• Famara Sane
• Djamel Drider

Actinomycetes are a natural resource for sustainable pest control and safeguarding agriculture

• Mohamed Khaled Diab
• Hala Mohamed Mead
• Sahar Ahmed El-Shatoury

Exploring the evolutionary and pathogenic role of Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm-associated protein (Bap) through in silico structural modeling

• Kirti Upmanyu
• Rakesh Kumar
• Ruchi Singh

Journal updates

Join us at our upcoming webinar "food security and sustainability from a microbiology perspective".

Hosted by Karen Nelson , joined by speakers in the field, including Wondwossen Abebe Gebreyes ,  and MeiLing Zhang, this webinar will discuss the real world impact of the microbial world on food security and sustainability - from livestock, water availability, soils, crops, fisheries and biotechnology.

Save the date:

🗓️ Wednesday 31st Jan 2024

⏲️ 14.00 PM (London)

https://cassyni.com/events/2ZbRzJMzKAh9EZDspU7mRX?csxhp

Mini-Reviews in Archives of Microbiology

Archives of Microbiology publishes thoughtful mini-reviews across the full spectrum of basic microbiology research. We encourage these in areas of special topical interest, including papers on medical microbiology, ecology and systematics, as well as descriptions of novel taxa.

Call for Papers to a new Collection on Antimicrobial resistance!

We invite Authors to submit their research to a new Collection  Antimicrobial resistance – from molecular mechanisms to molecular evolution and environmental surveillance , open from 15th of May 2023! 

Farewell and Welcome - a new EiC for Archives of Microbiology

The end of 2022 brought a change of the Editor in Chief of Archives of Microbiology. We are saying farewell to Prof. Erko Stackebrandt and welcome to Dr. Yusuf Akhter!

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Collection  12 March 2023

Top 100 in Microbiology - 2022

This collection highlights our most downloaded* microbiology papers published in 2022. Featuring authors from around the world, these papers showcase valuable research from an international community.

You can also view the top papers across various subject areas here .

*Data obtained from SN Insights, which is based on Digital Science's Dimensions.

mRNA vaccine-induced antibodies more effective than natural immunity in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 and its high affinity variants

• Dominic Esposito

Identification of ADS024, a newly characterized strain of Bacillus velezensis with direct Clostridiodes difficile killing and toxin degradation bio-activities

• Michelle M. O’Donnell
• James W. Hegarty
• Laurent Chesnel

Infections with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant exhibit fourfold increased viral loads in the upper airways compared to Alpha or non-variants of concern

• Christian J. H. von Wintersdorff
• Jozef Dingemans
• Paul H. M. Savelkoul

Lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic strongly impacted the circulation of respiratory pathogens in Southern China

• Heping Wang
• Yuejie Zheng
• Wenjian Wang

Detection of human pathogenic bacteria in rectal DNA samples from Zalophus californianus in the Gulf of California, Mexico

• Francesco Cicala
• David Ramírez-Delgado
• Alexei F. Licea-Navarro

High rates of plasmid cotransformation in E. coli overturn the clonality myth and reveal colony development

• Delia Tomoiaga
• Jaclyn Bubnell
• Paul Feinstein

Antiviral effect of cetylpyridinium chloride in mouthwash on SARS-CoV-2

• Hirofumi Sawa

Genesis of fecal floatation is causally linked to gut microbial colonization in mice

• Syed Mohammed Musheer Aalam
• Daphne Norma Crasta
• Nagarajan Kannan

Incidence of nephrotoxicity associated with intravenous colistimethate sodium administration for the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections

• Svetlana Sadyrbaeva-Dolgova
• Ricardo García-Fumero
• Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio

A derived honey bee stock confers resistance to Varroa destructor and associated viral transmission

• Thomas A. O’Shea-Wheller
• Frank D. Rinkevich
• Kristen B. Healy

Daily preventive zinc supplementation increases the antibody response against pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with zinc insufficiency: a randomised controlled trial

• Chidchamai Kewcharoenwong
• Myint Myint Sein
• Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai

Ozone exposure upregulates the expression of host susceptibility protein TMPRSS2 to SARS-CoV-2

• Kshitiz Paudel
• Yogesh Saini

Immune transcriptome analysis of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying the E484K escape mutation identifies a distinct gene module

• Hye Kyung Lee
• Ludwig Knabl
• Lothar Hennighausen

PET microplastics affect human gut microbiota communities during simulated gastrointestinal digestion, first evidence of plausible polymer biodegradation during human digestion

• Alba Tamargo
• Natalia Molinero
• M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas

Efficacy of antimicrobial and anti-viral coated air filters to prevent the spread of airborne pathogens

• Rowan Watson
• Morwenna Oldfield
• Felicity de Cogan

Construction of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles in plant

• Ki-Beom Moon
• Jae-Heung Jeon
• Hyun-Soon Kim

SARS-CoV-2 RNA in exhaled air of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

• Lisa Kurver
• Corné H. van den Kieboom
• Marien I. de Jonge

Longitudinal analysis of built environment and aerosol contamination associated with isolated COVID-19 positive individuals

• Patrick F. Horve
• Leslie G. Dietz
• Kevin G. Van Den Wymelenberg

Real-time tracking of bioluminescent influenza A virus infection in mice

• Hannah Bryant
• Jonathan O. Rayner

Survival of SARS-CoV-2 and bovine coronavirus on common surfaces of living environments

• Maiko Watanabe
• Takahiro Ohnishi
• Yukiko Hara-Kudo

Alteration of barrier properties, stratum corneum ceramides and microbiome composition in response to lotion application on cosmetic dry skin

• Barry Murphy
• Sally Grimshaw
• Andrew E. Mayes

Evaluation of microbiome enrichment and host DNA depletion in human vaginal samples using Oxford Nanopore’s adaptive sequencing

• Mike Marquet
• Janine Zöllkau
• Christian Brandt

Health improvements of type 2 diabetic patients through diet and diet plus fecal microbiota transplantation

• Zhifan Hong
• Jiayin Wang

Isolation, characterization and comparative genomics of potentially probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains from Indian foods

• Sarvesh Surve
• Dasharath B. Shinde
• Ram Kulkarni

RT-qPCR-based tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection in pooled saliva samples for massive population screening to monitor epidemics

• Michał Różański
• Aurelia Walczak-Drzewiecka
• Jarosław Dastych

Gut microbiota and BMI throughout childhood: the role of firmicutes, bacteroidetes, and short-chain fatty acid producers

• Timothy A. Houtman
• Henrik A. Eckermann
• Carolina de Weerth

Bimodal distribution pattern associated with the PCR cycle threshold ( Ct ) and implications in COVID-19 infections

• Donna E. Hansel

Associations of neurotransmitters and the gut microbiome with emotional distress in mixed type of irritable bowel syndrome

• Zahra A. Barandouzi
• Joochul Lee
• Xiaomei S. Cong

Mild chronic exposure to pesticides alters physiological markers of honey bee health without perturbing the core gut microbiota

• Hanine Almasri
• Joanito Liberti
• Luc P. Belzunces

Pathology and virology of natural highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 infection in wild Common buzzards ( Buteo buteo )

• Valentina Caliendo
• Lonneke Leijten
• Thijs Kuiken

First-in-class trispecific VHH-Fc based antibody with potent prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and variants

• Allison Titong
• Sachith Gallolu Kankanamalage

Impact of long-term dietary habits on the human gut resistome in the Dutch population

• Paul B. Stege
• Joost Hordijk
• Fernanda L. Paganelli

Metagenomic sequencing for detection and identification of the boxwood blight pathogen Calonectria pseudonaviculata

• Marcela A. Johnson
• Boris A. Vinatzer

Strain-level profiling of viable microbial community by selective single-cell genome sequencing

• Masahito Hosokawa
• Taruho Endoh
• Haruko Takeyama

Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function

• Felicia N. New
• Benjamin R. Baer
• Ilana L. Brito

Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) induce phenotypic imipenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Balázs Kriszt
• Edit Kaszab

Apical-out airway organoids as a platform for studying viral infections and screening for antiviral drugs

• Georgios Stroulios
• Tyler Brown
• Salvatore Simmini

The human milk microbiome aligns with lactation stage and not birth mode

• Katriona E. Lyons
• Carol-Anne O.’ Shea
• Catherine Stanton

Characterization and phylogeny of fungi isolated from industrial wastewater using multiple genes

• Blessing Amaka Ezeonuegbu
• Machido Dauda Abdullahi
• Gaber El-Saber Batiha

Characterizing the mucin-degrading capacity of the human gut microbiota

• Janiece S. Glover
• Taylor D. Ticer
• Melinda A. Engevik

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending Hargeisa Group Hospital, Hargeisa, Somaliland

• Abdikhaliq Hussein Ali
• Dawit Yihdego Reda
• Moges Desta Ormago

The gut microbiota of chickens in a commercial farm treated with a Salmonella phage cocktail

• Viviana Clavijo
• Tatiana Morales
• Alejandro Reyes Muñoz

Persistent Spike-specific T cell immunity despite antibody reduction after 3 months from SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2-mRNA vaccine

• Chiara Agrati
• Concetta Castilletti
• INMI COVID-19 Vaccine Study Group

Individual-based modeling reveals that the COVID-19 isolation period can be shortened by community vaccination

• Chayanin Sararat
• Jidchanok Wangkanai
• Charin Modchang

Intranasal vaccination of hamsters with a Newcastle disease virus vector expressing the S1 subunit protects animals against SARS-CoV-2 disease

• Manolo Fernández Díaz
• Katherine Calderón
• COVID-19 Working Group in Perú

Changes in the stool and oropharyngeal microbiome in obsessive-compulsive disorder

• Laura Domènech
• Jesse Willis
• Raquel Rabionet

Systematic analysis of putative phage-phage interactions on minimum-sized phage cocktails

• Felipe Molina
• Manuel Menor-Flores
• Pilar García

The impact of antimicrobial stewardship program designed to shorten antibiotics use on the incidence of resistant bacterial infections and mortality

• Ling-Ju Huang
• Su-Jung Chen
• Fu-Der Wang

Gramicidin S and melittin: potential anti-viral therapeutic peptides to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection

• Mohammed Ghalib Enayathullah
• Yash Parekh
• Mohammed M. Idris

Shared antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus from diverse animal hosts

• Spencer A. Bruce
• Joshua T. Smith
• Cheryl P. Andam

First detection of Hedgehog coronavirus 1 in Poland

• Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól
• Jakub J. Ruszkowski
• Katarzyna Domanska-Blicharz

Vulnerability of SARS-CoV-2 and PR8 H1N1 virus to cold atmospheric plasma activated media

• Osvaldo Daniel Cortázar
• Ana Megía-Macías
• Eduardo Gómez-Casado

Excretion and viability of SARS-CoV-2 in feces and its association with the clinical outcome of COVID-19

• Cristina Cerrada-Romero
• Judith Berastegui-Cabrera
• Javier Sánchez-Céspedes

The green tea catechin EGCG provides proof-of-concept for a pan-coronavirus attachment inhibitor

• Emmanuelle V. LeBlanc
• Che C. Colpitts

The gut virome in two indigenous populations from Malaysia

• Chuen Zhang Lee
• Muhammad Zarul Hanifah Md Zoqratt
• Sadequr Rahman

High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic foodborne bacteria isolated from bovine milk

• Sima Hassani
• Mir-Hassan Moosavy
• Zahra Barabadi

Aged related human skin microbiome and mycobiome in Korean women

• Hye-Jin Kim
• Woo Jun Sul

Potential cannabidiol (CBD) repurposing as antibacterial and promising therapy of CBD plus polymyxin B (PB) against PB-resistant gram-negative bacilli

• Nathália Abichabki
• Luísa V. Zacharias
• Leonardo N. Andrade

Systematic evaluating and modeling of SARS-CoV-2 UVC disinfection

• Sebastian Freeman
• Karen Kibler

Nasal-spraying Bacillus spores as an effective symptomatic treatment for children with acute respiratory syncytial virus infection

• Dien Minh Tran
• Tu Thanh Tran
• Anh Thi Van Nguyen

Multi-angle meta-analysis of the gut microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a step toward understanding patient subgroups

• Kiana A. West
• Xiaochen Yin

Increased physical activity improves gut microbiota composition and reduces short-chain fatty acid concentrations in older adults with insomnia

• Faiga Magzal
• Tamar Shochat
• Maayan Agmon

Characterisation and natural progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets

• Gough G. Au
• Glenn A. Marsh
• Seshadri S. Vasan

Genomic epidemiological analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Portuguese hospitals reveals insights into circulating antimicrobial resistance

• Anton Spadar
• Jody Phelan
• Taane G. Clark

Human milk oligosaccharide-sharing by a consortium of infant derived Bifidobacterium species

• Clodagh Walsh
• Jonathan A. Lane
• Rita M. Hickey

Impact of urban structure on infectious disease spreading

• Javier Aguilar
• Aleix Bassolas
• Adam Sadilek

Indoor green wall affects health-associated commensal skin microbiota and enhances immune regulation: a randomized trial among urban office workers

• L. Soininen
• M. I. Roslund
• ADELE research group

Correlation between antibiotic consumption and the occurrence of multidrug-resistant organisms in a Malaysian tertiary hospital: a 3-year observational study

• Sin Yee Tan
• Rahela Ambaras Khan
• Athirah Bakhtiar

Agarose gel microcapsules enable easy-to-prepare, picolitre-scale, single-cell genomics, yielding high-coverage genome sequences

• Hiroyoshi Aoki
• Yuki Masahiro
• Yutaka Yamagata

HSV-1 0∆NLS vaccine elicits a robust B lymphocyte response and preserves vision without HSV-1 glycoprotein M or thymidine kinase recognition

• Grzegorz B. Gmyrek
• Amanda N. Berube
• Daniel J. J. Carr

Protection of hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2 after two doses of MVC-COV1901 vaccine followed by a single intranasal booster with nanoemulsion adjuvanted S-2P vaccine

• Yi-Jiun Lin
• Meei-Yun Lin
• Chia-En Lien

Anti- Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity of a C 16 -terpene dilactone isolated from the endophytic fungus Neofusicoccum luteum of Kigelia africana (Lam.)

• Olusola Bodede
• Mamokoena Kuali
• Roshini Govinden

Cross-reactive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 N protein in Central and West Africa precedes the COVID-19 pandemic

• Jannie Pedersen
• Ismaël Hervé Koumakpayi
• Hugues Fausther-Bovendo

Genome sequence and characterization of Streptomyces phage Pablito, representing a new species within the genus Janusvirus

• Véronique Ongenae
• Joana Azeredo
• Dennis Claessen

Non-cytopathic herpes simplex virus type-1 isolated from acyclovir-treated patients with recurrent infections

• Subrata Roy
• Soumi Sukla
• Subhajit Biswas

The standardisation of the approach to metagenomic human gut analysis: from sample collection to microbiome profiling

• Natalia Szóstak
• Agata Szymanek
• Anna Philips

Transmission of B.1.617.2 Delta variant between vaccinated healthcare workers

• Steven A. Kemp
• Mark T. K. Cheng
• Ravindra K. Gupta

Mobile phones are hazardous microbial platforms warranting robust public health and biosecurity protocols

• Matthew Olsen
• Rania Nassar
• Lotti Tajouri

Synthesis of new series of quinoline derivatives with insecticidal effects on larval vectors of malaria and dengue diseases

• Kadarkarai Murugan
• Chellasamy Panneerselvam
• Jiang-Shiou Hwang

Prevalence and characterisation of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 and 2 integrons in multiresistant Escherichia coli isolated from poultry production

• Przemysław Racewicz
• Michał Majewski
• Zofia E. Madeja

16S rRNA and metagenomic shotgun sequencing data revealed consistent patterns of gut microbiome signature in pediatric ulcerative colitis

• Wenxuan Zuo
• Beibei Wang
• Fengzhu Sun

Genomic and functional characterization of bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria isolated from Boza, a traditional cereal-based beverage

• Luciano Lopes Queiroz
• Christian Hoffmann
• Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov

Natural and after colon washing fecal samples: the two sides of the coin for investigating the human gut microbiome

• Elisabetta Piancone
• Bruno Fosso
• Graziano Pesole

Assessment of the frequency of coughing and sneezing triggered by nasopharyngeal swabbing in the pandemic setting

• Cosmin Andrei Cismaru
• Sergiu Chira
• Ioana Berindan-Neagoe

Risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection in south-west Burkina Faso: potential impact of expanding eligibility for seasonal malaria chemoprevention

• Jean Baptiste Yaro
• Alfred B. Tiono
• Anne L. Wilson

Understanding the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Ontario, Canada: a modeling study

• Anita T. Layton
• Mehrshad Sadria

Development and validation of cost-effective one-step multiplex RT-PCR assay for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 infection using SYBR Green melting curve analysis

• Shovon Lal Sarkar
• A. S. M. Rubayet Ul Alam
• M. Anwar Hossain

Prediction of dengue fever outbreaks using climate variability and Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques in a stochastic susceptible-infected-removed model

• Tarun Kumar Martheswaran
• Hamida Hamdi
• Biswadeep Das

Lasiodiplodia theobromae as a causal pathogen of leaf blight, stem canker, and pod rot of Theobroma cacao in Malaysia

• Abd Rahim Huda-Shakirah
• Nik Mohd Izham Mohamed Nor
• Masratul Hawa Mohd

Transatlantic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by wild birds from Europe to North America in 2021

• V. Caliendo
• N. S. Lewis

Strain-specific interspecies interactions between co-isolated pairs of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with tracheobronchitis or bronchial colonization

• Meissiner Gomes-Fernandes
• Andromeda-Celeste Gomez
• Daniel Yero

Genomic epidemiology and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the United Arab Emirates

• Habiba Alsafar
• Mohammed Albreiki
• Andreas Henschel

Bioprocess development for bacterial cellulose biosynthesis by novel Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolate along with characterization and antimicrobial assessment of fabricated membrane

• Ahmed K. Saleh
• Hamada El-Gendi
• Yasser R. Abdel-Fattah

Clinical validation of a multiplex PCR-based detection assay using saliva or nasopharyngeal samples for SARS-Cov-2, influenza A and B

• Nikhil S. Sahajpal
• Ashis K. Mondal
• Ravindra Kolhe

Optimized production and fluorescent labeling of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles

• Manon Gourdelier
• Jitendriya Swain
• Delphine Muriaux

Agr Quorum Sensing influences the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway in Clostridium autoethanogenum

• Pawel Piatek
• Christopher Humphreys
• Klaus Winzer

Enhanced antibacterial effect of a novel Friunavirus phage vWU2001 in combination with colistin against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

• Phitchayapak Wintachai
• Narumon Phaonakrop
• Duncan R. Smith

Tissue-wide metabolomics reveals wide impact of gut microbiota on mice metabolite composition

• Ville M. Koistinen
• Kati Hanhineva

Gut microbiota analysis of Blenniidae fishes including an algae-eating fish and clear boundary formation among isolated Vibrio strains

• Masa-aki Yoshida
• Takuma Tanabe
• Makoto Kawamukai

Gut dysbiosis is associated with acceleration of lupus nephritis

• Giancarlo R. Valiente
• Armin Munir
• Wael N. Jarjour

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About Handwashing

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