point by point essay structure

The Full Guide to Writing Comparison Essays with Point-by-Point Method

Comparison essays are a common type of academic writing that requires writers to analyze and evaluate similarities and differences between two or more subjects. This type of essay is often used in literature, history, and social sciences. In this text, we are keen on explaining the different types of writing comparison essays, the critical elements of an adequate comparison essay, and practical tips for writing successful paragraphs for your reader.

What is Point-by-Point Comparison?

A point-by-point comparison essay is a type of essay that presents a comparison of other subjects, the point-by-point method by analyzing a paragraph in detail. In this type of essay, the writer presents each comparison between the block method and then analyzes it before moving on to the next paragraph.

When writing a comparison essay, it’s crucial to choose a clear and concise thesis statement in your contrast and compare writing. Don’t worry if you don’t know something about the contrast comparative essay! With our custom essay service , you can move mountains. The essay is structured in a way that allows the reader to follow the paragraphs quickly, making it easier to compare the first subject and the second subject. They should be specific enough to guide the writer’s block, and each sentence to specify the discussing manner.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Contrast Essay

The assignment should then be structured and provided, each paragraph focusing on a single point. One of the advantages of using an essay structure is that it allows for a more detailed analysis of the first and second subjects being compared. By breaking down the comparison into specific points, the author can provide a more nuanced and comprehensive analysis of the differences between the ideas using the block method in each paragraph.

We are here to cope with your students` obstacles and write college essay instead of you . This can make the essay more interesting to read, and it can also provide a deeper understanding of the first and second subject.  However, one of the challenges of writing a comparative essay is that it can be difficult to maintain a clear and coherent complex for your reader. It’s essential to ensure that each point of comparison is fully explored and analyzed without losing sight of the overall thesis of the essay.

Additionally, it can be challenging to find the right balance in the paragraph between the amount of detail provided and the length of the academic writing. Overall, a comparative essay can be an effective way to compare and contrast signal words or ideas. By writing each paragraph in detail, the author can provide a more nuanced and comprehensive point of the second subject being discussed. However, it’s essential to maintain a clear and coherent structure of each sentence to balance the amount of detail provided with the length of the thesis.

How to Use the Point-by-Point Organization?

When using such a block method, it’s essential to identify the critical moments between the points being compared. This will help you determine which ideas to compare in your paragraph. For example, if you are comparing types of cars, you might focus on ideas such as price, fuel efficiency, safety features, and overall performance for your readers. Once you have identified the key, you can create a point-by-point method of writing each sentence and providing a brief description for your future reader.

This list should be structured in a way that is easy to follow, with each point clearly labelled and organized logically. You may also want to include the sub-paragraph within each main point to provide additional detail and analysis.

When writing a point-by-point compare and contrast essay , it’s essential, to begin with, an introduction paragraph that provides background information on the subjects. The essay’s body should then be structured around each paragraph, focusing on a single point and providing a detailed analysis of how the elements are similar or different. It’s essential to use specific examples for the paragraph and evidence to begin your analysis.

Additionally, it’s important to use transition words and phrases to signal when you are moving on to a new point, such as “in addition”, “likewise”, or “conversely”. Finally, the conclusion paragraph should summarize the main points of the comparative essay and provide a final analysis of how the factors are similar or different overall. It’s important to restate the thesis statement in the conclusion, as well as provide the final sentence or recommendations based on your analysis. In conclusion, using the point-by-point method can be an effective way to begin and compare two or more ideas in a thorough and detailed way.

Point-by-Point Method – Tool for Compare-and-Contrast Essay

A-by-point structure of a compare-and-contrast essay is a tool that helps organize the information in each paragraph for your reader. This type of plan breaks down the points of comparison into specific, discrete categories that can be easily compared and contrasted in each paragraph. Each category should be clearly labelled, and the points within each category should be listed logically in a way that makes sense to the reader.

A typical point-by-point method for a compare-and-contrast essay outline might include an introduction that provides background information on the two subjects being compared.

The body of the structure would then be broken down into discrete categories, such as “price,” “features,” “performance,” and “reliability.” Within each category, specific points would be listed as an example, such as “gas mileage,” “safety features”. This can help you organize your thoughts and ensure you cover all the necessary points in your writing assignment. It can also help you identify any gaps in your research or areas where you need to do more analysis.

By breaking down the points into discrete categories, you can create a clear and organized structure that will make it easier to write your comparative essays . In addition, a point-by-point method can help you identify the paragraph where you need to focus your analysis. For example, suppose you notice that one category has significantly more points of comparison than another. In that case, you may need to spend the time-commitment request in that category to ensure that you provide writing through the subjects being discussed.

In conclusion, a point-by-point organization is a helpful tool for organizing the information you plan to write in your compare and contrast paper. By breaking down the points into specific categories, you can create a clear and organized complex that will make it easier to write your longer comparative essays. This complex can also help to compare in your research or areas where you must pay attention to your comparing analysis and an example.

Point-by-Point Outline of Compare and Contrast Paper

I. Introduction

• A. Writing brief background information about the books using the block method
• B. Thesis statement and example

II. Resemblance and contrasting features between Book A and Book B

• B. Characters
• C. Writing style

III. The distinguished features between Book A and Book B

• A. Characteristics
• B. Point of view

IV. Significance of the similarities and differences

• A. What do the similarities tell your reader about the genre or writing style
• B. What do the differences tell us about the author’s intent or purpose

V. Final sentence

• A. Explaining the and contrast of the two books.

Example of Point-by-Point Method Writing

Topic: Organic Farming vs. Conventional Farming

The farming industry is a crucial sector in providing food for the population. In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for organic food. Organic farming is a farming method that avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Conventional farming, on the other hand, uses synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to maximize crop yields. In this essay, I will compare and contrast organic farming and conventional farming using the point-by-point method.

Point 1: Environmental Impact One of the main differences between organic farming and conventional farming is their impact on the environment. Organic farming methods prioritize the preservation of the natural environment and biodiversity. Organic farmers use natural methods such as crop rotation, cover crops, and natural fertilizers to maintain soil fertility and protect crops from pests. In contrast, conventional farming practices have been known to contribute to soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity due to the heavy use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.

Point 2: Nutritional Value The nutritional value of crops produced through organic and conventional farming methods can differ. Organic crops are grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which means they contain fewer chemical residues. Organic crops are also known to have higher nutrient content, such as vitamins and minerals, compared to conventionally grown crops. Conventional farming, on the other hand, uses synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which can leave residues on crops, reducing their nutritional value.

Point 3: Cost The cost of farming can vary between organic and conventional methods. Organic farming often requires more labor and time to maintain crop yields, as natural methods are used instead of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. This can result in higher production costs for organic farmers. Conventional farming, on the other hand, uses synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which can increase crop yields and reduce production costs. This can result in lower prices for consumers.

Point 4: Health Impacts The use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in conventional farming has been linked to various health issues such as respiratory problems, cancer, and neurological disorders. Organic farming practices prioritize the use of natural methods and avoid the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, reducing the health risks associated with conventional farming.

In conclusion, organic farming and conventional farming have their own advantages and disadvantages. Organic farming promotes environmental sustainability and can produce crops with higher nutrient content, but can be more expensive. Conventional farming can be more cost-effective, but its reliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides can have negative impacts on the environment and human health. Ultimately, the choice between organic and conventional farming depends on the individual’s priorities and values regarding the environment, nutrition, cost, and health.

How many paragraphs is a compare and contrast essay?

The number of paragraphs in a point-by-point essay will depend on the points being compared or contrasted in your academic writing. Each should have its paragraph to clearly explain and support the contrast. For example, suppose the essay is comparing and contrasting three different movies. In that case, there should be three paragraphs, each one dedicated to a specific film and its common or similarities with the others.

When should you use block vs. point-by-point method?

The block method essay is generally used when the two subjects being compared or contrasted have many differences or are complex in nature. The block method involves all the aspects of one subject in your first paragraph and then academic writing. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of both subjects but can make the essay longer and more challenging for being discussed. On the other hand, the point-by-point method is used when the being compared or contrasted has a few paragraph features for academic writing. The block method essay discusses each contrast in a separate paragraph, allowing for a straightforward sentence. Ultimately, the block method chosen should be based on the purpose and point of the academic writing.

What is the difference between subject by subject vs point by point comparison?

The subject-by-subject involves discussing one subject at a time and writing all aspects of that point before academic writing. This method works best when the subjects are complex or have many differences among the paragraphs, allowing for a thorough analysis of each point. The point-by-point method involves writing each point of comparison or contrast between the subjects in a separate paragraph. The block method is ideal when you start your academic writing.

Which point is decisive in choosing a method?

The choice between the block method and others will depend on the specific nature of the subjects being compared and the essay’s paragraph.

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Compare & Contrast Essays How things are similar or different

Compare and contrast is a common form of academic writing, either as an essay type on its own, or as part of a larger essay which includes one or more paragraphs which compare or contrast. This page gives information on what a compare and contrast essay is , how to structure this type of essay, how to use compare and contrast structure words , and how to make sure you use appropriate criteria for comparison/contrast . There is also an example compare and contrast essay on the topic of communication technology, as well as some exercises to help you practice this area.

What are compare & contrast essays?

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To compare is to examine how things are similar, while to contrast is to see how they differ. A compare and contrast essay therefore looks at the similarities of two or more objects, and the differences. This essay type is common at university, where lecturers frequently test your understanding by asking you to compare and contrast two theories, two methods, two historical periods, two characters in a novel, etc. Sometimes the whole essay will compare and contrast, though sometimes the comparison or contrast may be only part of the essay. It is also possible, especially for short exam essays, that only the similarities or the differences, not both, will be discussed. See the examples below.

• Compare and contrast Newton's ideas of gravity with those proposed by Einstein ['compare and contrast' essay]
• Examine how the economies of Spain and China are similar ['compare' only essay]
• Explain the differences between Achaemenid Empire and Parthian Empire ['contrast' only essay]

There are two main ways to structure a compare and contrast essay, namely using a block or a point-by-point structure. For the block structure, all of the information about one of the objects being compared/contrasted is given first, and all of the information about the other object is listed afterwards. This type of structure is similar to the block structure used for cause and effect and problem-solution essays. For the point-by-point structure, each similarity (or difference) for one object is followed immediately by the similarity (or difference) for the other. Both types of structure have their merits. The former is easier to write, while the latter is generally clearer as it ensures that the similarities/differences are more explicit.

The two types of structure, block and point-by-point , are shown in the diagram below.

Compare and Contrast Structure Words

Compare and contrast structure words are transition signals which show the similarities or differences. Below are some common examples.

• both... and...
• not only... but also...
• neither... nor...
• just like (+ noun)
• similar to (+ noun)
• to be similar (to)
• to be the same as
• to be alike
• to compare (to/with)
• Computers can be used to communicate easily, for example via email. Similarly/Likewise , the mobile phone is a convenient tool for communication.
• Both computers and mobile phones can be used to communicate easily with other people.
• Just like the computer, the mobile phone can be used to communicate easily with other people.
• The computer is similar to the mobile phone in the way it can be used for easy communication.
• In contrast
• In comparison
• By comparison
• On the other hand
• to differ from
• to be different (from)
• to be dissimilar to
• to be unlike
• Computers, although increasingly small, are not always easy to carry from one place to another. However , the mobile phone can be carried with ease.
• Computers are generally not very portable, whereas the mobile phone is.
• Computers differ from mobile phones in their lack of portability.
• Computers are unlike mobile phones in their lack of portability.

Criteria for comparison/contrast

When making comparisons or contrasts, it is important to be clear what criteria you are using. Study the following example, which contrasts two people. Here the criteria are unclear.

• Aaron is tall and strong. In contrast , Bruce is handsome and very intelligent.

Although this sentence has a contrast transition , the criteria for contrasting are not the same. The criteria used for Aaron are height (tall) and strength (strong). We would expect similar criteria to be used for Bruce (maybe he is short and weak), but instead we have new criteria, namely appearance (handsome) and intelligence (intelligent). This is a common mistake for students when writing this type of paragraph or essay. Compare the following, which has much clearer criteria (contrast structure words shown in bold).

• Aaron and Bruce differ in four ways. The first difference is height. Aaron is tall, while Bruce is short. A second difference is strength. Aaron is strong. In contrast , Bruce is weak. A third difference is appearance. Aaron, who is average looking, differs from Bruce, who is handsome. The final difference is intelligence. Aaron is of average intelligence. Bruce, on the other hand , is very intelligent.

Example essay

Below is a compare and contrast essay. This essay uses the point-by-point structure . Click on the different areas (in the shaded boxes to the right) to highlight the different structural aspects in this essay, i.e. similarities, differences, and structure words. This will highlight not simply the paragraphs, but also the thesis statement and summary , as these repeat the comparisons and contrasts contained in the main body.

Title: There have been many advances in technology over the past fifty years. These have revolutionised the way we communicate with people who are far away. Compare and contrast methods of communication used today with those which were used in the past.

Before the advent of computers and modern technology, people communicating over long distances used traditional means such as letters and the telephone. Nowadays we have a vast array of communication tools which can complete this task, ranging from email to instant messaging and video calls. While the present and previous means of communication are similar in their general form , they differ in regard to their speed and the range of tools available . One similarity between current and previous methods of communication relates to the form of communication. In the past, both written forms such as letters were frequently used, in addition to oral forms such as telephone calls. Similarly , people nowadays use both of these forms. Just as in the past, written forms of communication are prevalent, for example via email and text messaging. In addition, oral forms are still used, including the telephone, mobile phone, and voice messages via instant messaging services. However , there are clearly many differences in the way we communicate over long distances, the most notable of which is speed. This is most evident in relation to written forms of communication. In the past, letters would take days to arrive at their destination. In contrast , an email arrives almost instantaneously and can be read seconds after it was sent. In the past, if it was necessary to send a short message, for example at work, a memo could be passed around the office, which would take some time to circulate. This is different from the current situation, in which a text message can be sent immediately. Another significant difference is the range of communication methods. Fifty years ago, the tools available for communicating over long distances were primarily the telephone and the letter. By comparison , there are a vast array of communication methods available today. These include not only the telephone, letter, email and text messages already mentioned, but also video conferences via software such as Skype or mobile phone apps such as WeChat, and social media such as Facebook and Twitter. In conclusion, methods of communication have greatly advanced over the past fifty years. While there are some similarities, such as the forms of communication , there are significant differences, chiefly in relation to the speed of communication and the range of communication tools available . There is no doubt that technology will continue to progress in future, and the advanced tools which we use today may one day also become outdated.

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Below is a checklist for compare and contrast essays. Use it to check your own writing, or get a peer (another student) to help you.

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Compare & contrast essays examine the similarities of two or more objects, and the differences.

Cause & effect essays consider the reasons (or causes) for something, then discuss the results (or effects).

Discussion essays require you to examine both sides of a situation and to conclude by saying which side you favour.

Problem-solution essays are a sub-type of SPSE essays (Situation, Problem, Solution, Evaluation).

Transition signals are useful in achieving good cohesion and coherence in your writing.

Reporting verbs are used to link your in-text citations to the information cited.

Writing a Comparative Essay Using the Point-by-Point Method

Compare and contrast essays or comparative/comparison essays are a genre of academic writing where students analyze and evaluate the similarities and differences between two or more subjects without making judgments. Suppose you are in high school, college, or university, pursuing English, Introduction to Writing, History, Literature, Social Sciences, counseling, religion, nursing, and other subjects. In that case, you might be assigned to write comparative essays.

Although there are two major approaches for writing comparison and contrast essays, this guide focuses on the point-by-point method.

What is the Point-by-Point method in Comparison Essay?

The point-by-point comparative essay examines two subjects using the same set of criteria by applying the criteria one point at a time. It entails examining one aspect of a subject and the same aspect of the second subject within the same paragraph. It is often used when writing comparative essays if you do not want to use the block method. It is comparable to a list and is typically better for longer essays that cover four pages and above.

Related: How to write a great comparative essay.

Outline format for Point-by-Point Compare/Contrast Essay

A typical point-by-point compare/contrast essay has three parts or sections: an introduction paragraph, a body section, and a conclusion. The essay should have at least three body paragraphs. You can structure your essay as outlined below:

• Introduce Items or subjects (works/ people, places, things, objects
• Background information (subjects, frame of reference, and criteria for comparison)
• Thesis Statement
• Body Paragraph 1      a. Summary of the main point           i. Relation to Item 1           ii. Relation to Item 2           iii. Conclusion
• Body Paragraph 2      a. Summary of the main point           i. Relation to Item 1           ii. Relation to Item 2           iii. Conclusion
• Body Paragraphs 2, 3, 4 …nth      a. Summary of the main point           i. Relation to Item 1           ii. Relation to Item 2           iii. Concluding sentence
• Conclusion      a. Restate Thesis      b. Summarize how you proved your argument

Steps for Writing a Good Point by Point

When writing an essay using the point-by-point approach, you arrange the paragraphs according to the main points instead of the topic or subject. This means having a paragraph that focuses on a single point of comparison and contrast for the subject. You can apply the point-by-point approach in the following steps when assigned to write a long and complex comparative essay or paper.

Step 1: Read the Instructions

Before doing anything else, read the essay prompt to identify the scope, deadline, format, style, and length.

Consider the subjects you can discuss because some professors limit the discussion to particular subjects.

As you read, you should take notes and begin brainstorming for ideas.

Step 2: Choose a topic or the subjects

If your professor is gracious enough to give you the subjects of comparison or a compare and contrast topic, skip this step.

Otherwise, brainstorm the best subjects to compare and select a manageable, relevant, and exciting topic.

Do not go for subjects that do not have points of comparison. Instead, check if your chosen subjects have points of similarity and contrast.

Related Reading: The best topics for Compare and contrast essays .

Step 3: Research and Develop a Thesis

After choosing a topic and subjects, brainstorm ideas and research online for ideas to include in your essay. You can make a Venn diagram or a table to list the points of comparison.

Remember to organize your sources as you research. You can use online citation management tools like BibMe or CiteFast. As you research and organize your sources, develop a good thesis for your essay.

An excellent compare-and-contrast thesis statement states the main idea or focus of the essay. It names the two subjects of comparison and assertion of the similarities and differences.

The thesis should show the relationship between or among the two or more subjects you focus on in your paper.

Step 4: Create an Outline

Assuming you have done steps 1 through 3, the next step is to create a point-by-point outline for your essay . In the outline, list the frames of reference and grounds for comparison. We have given the template and an example to use.

A good outline helps you to save time when you are writing the first draft. You can envision the final paper before even writing it, which allows you to prioritize ideas, organize its flow, and develop great topic sentences for your body paragraphs. You also choose the best words and phrases to include in the essay.

Step 5: Write the First Draft

After doing everything related to writing preparation, undertake the mammoth task; writing. Focus on writing the first draft by filling out your outline. You will be amazed at how fast that can be, especially if you took good notes during research and organized the sources well.

The introduction includes the introduction of your frame of reference, grounds for comparison, and thesis. Ensure that the introduction paragraph stands out.

In the essay's body paragraphs, focus on one criterion but alternate discussing or analyzing each subject within the paragraph. For instance, if you compare two characters, you can focus on themes in the first paragraph, characters in the second paragraph, and roles in the third. In each paragraph, you will discuss both characters. You should also link your subjects as you develop your paragraphs so that your readers can see your arguments' logical and systematic flow.

Begin the body paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces the subjects and states the paragraph's main point. Your paragraph should then discuss the subjects' similarities and differences point-by-point. End with a concluding sentence that states your decision as to which subject or topic you prefer and why, or you can also explain the reason for comparison. You should be persuasive as you write the concluding sentence, and be sure to transition your reader to the next paragraph.

When writing the body and you notice a category has more points than the other, ensure that you prioritize the points to have balanced points within a paragraph. When you break down points into distinct categories, you have a clear way of distinguishing those that matter the most in your essay.

Finally, write the conclusion that restates the thesis , summarizes the main points in the paragraphs, and gives a closing statement that can be a call to action or recommendation.

Step 6: Polish Your Essay

A good point-by-point comparison essay is well-researched, well-formatted, and devoid of grammatical, spelling, or stylistic mistakes. After writing the paper, ensure you take a break to develop an objective mindset. You also need such rest to cool off from writing.

Return when you are energetic and objective to read the essay first, slowly, and then keenly. Also, read it out aloud to spot errors. Ensure that your essay meets the marking criteria by addressing all the points in the rubric. As well, ensure that it does not have any spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. Ensure that your essay is indented well . You can use editing software like Ginger, Grammarly, or any other editing tool. You can also create a reverse outline to ensure that your essay addresses everything as required. Equally, you can hire a professional proofreader to read and comment on your paper so that you can make the necessary corrections.

Sample Point-by-Point Comparative Essay

Topic: Swimming vs. Cycling Sports

Sports have long been integral to human culture, providing avenues for physical fitness, competition, and recreation. Cycling and swimming are popular sports that engage participants in distinct ways while sharing common goals of promoting fitness and well-being. This essay presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of cycling and swimming sports using the point-by-point method. Although swimming and cycling are popular sports, comparing their similarities and differences in physical demands, health benefits, environmental impact, and accessibility reveals that they are different yet related.

Cycling and swimming sports each require specific physical attributes and exert different demands on the human body. Cycling is predominantly a lower-body exercise that engages leg muscles, such as the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calves, while enhancing cardiovascular endurance. On the other hand, swimming engages the entire body, employing the arms, legs, core, and back muscles. It provides a full-body workout, fostering improved strength, flexibility, and lung capacity. In this aspect, swimming offers a more comprehensive muscular engagement than cycling.

Both cycling and swimming are esteemed for their numerous health benefits, contributing to overall physical well-being. Cycling is renowned for promoting joint flexibility and strengthening bones, reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Moreover, cycling is a low-impact exercise, making it suitable for individuals of various age groups and those with joint-related issues. Swimming, in contrast, is a non-weight-bearing exercise, alleviating stress on joints while providing an effective means of improving cardiovascular fitness. Additionally, swimming is often recommended for individuals seeking rehabilitation from injuries or those with limited mobility due to its gentle impact on the body.

The environmental impact of cycling and swimming differs significantly, with cycling emerging as the more eco-friendly option. Cycling is a sustainable mode of transportation, promoting reduced carbon emissions and fostering environmental conservation. By choosing to cycle as a sport and mode of transport, individuals contribute positively to mitigating climate change and reducing pollution. Conversely, swimming pools necessitate substantial water and energy resources for maintenance and heating, leading to higher carbon footprints. While outdoor swimming in natural bodies of water may offer a more environmentally friendly option, it may not be as readily accessible or safe as indoor swimming facilities.

Accessibility is a critical factor in comparing cycling and swimming sports. Cycling is widely accessible, requiring only a bicycle and a safe road or cycling path. Bicycles come in various models and price ranges, catering to diverse demographics. Furthermore, cycling can be enjoyed individually or as part of group activities, fostering a sense of community engagement. In contrast, swimming may require access to swimming pools, which may not be universally available in certain areas. Additionally, swimming may necessitate specific equipment such as swimsuits, goggles, and caps, which could pose financial barriers to some individuals.

In conclusion, cycling and swimming are two popular sports that offer distinct yet complementary benefits to individuals seeking physical fitness and well-being. Cycling predominantly engages the lower body, while swimming provides a comprehensive full-body workout. Both sports promote health benefits, such as improved cardiovascular endurance and strength, albeit with different impacts on joint health. Cycling is recognized for its eco-friendly nature, contributing to reduced carbon emissions and sustainability, while swimming may carry a higher environmental burden due to water and energy consumption in pool facilities. The accessibility of cycling surpasses swimming, as it requires minimal equipment and can be enjoyed in various settings, making it a more inclusive sport. Ultimately, the choice between cycling and swimming as a preferred sport depends on individual preferences, physical capabilities, and access to facilities, with both activities offering unique avenues for physical fitness and enjoyment.

Commentary:

In the example above, cycling and swimming are compared point-by-point. The first body paragraph focuses on physical demands, while the second is on health benefits. The third body paragraph compares and contrasts swimming and cycling based on the environmental impact of each. The fourth paragraph focuses on accessibility.

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When you are assigned to write a compare and contrast essay, choose two subjects with an adequate basis for comparison to cover the required length or meet a given word count. It does not have to be complex; even the most basic things, such as kitchen equipment, furniture, utensils, cars, drinks, foods, and pets, can be subjects for your compare and contrast essay. In most cases, when you have more than three pages to write, consider using the point-by-point method, as it helps you handle more similarities and differences. In this case, examine one aspect of one subject and the same aspect of the second subject within the same paragraph. At least have three body paragraphs to prove your thesis.

If you need help writing a point-by-point essay, do not hesitate to place an order on our website. GradeCrest.com is the best website that writes essays for you at an affordable rate while maintaining your details' confidentiality, privacy, and security. Hire our expert compare and contrast essay writers to work on your paper today. Check out our academic essay writing services .

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What is the point-by-point method of organization?

The point-by-point approach entails writing about both subjects of comparison simultaneously using the same criteria for each subject within each paragraph. You organize the essay using individual points rather than the subject themselves, as is done via the block method. An example of a point-by-point format is when comparing two phones; for example, an iPhone and a Samsung phone, before purchasing. You can start by discussing the costs and then move to performance specs before looking at other aspects, such as waterproof ability and color availability. Unlike the block style for short essays, the point-by-point comparison style applies to long, complex papers.

How to start a point-by-point comparison essay?

Like other essays, a point-by-point comparison essay begins with an introduction paragraph with a hook statement, background information that introduces the subjects, and a thesis statement that highlights the main points or comparison and contrast criteria.

How to write a compare and contrast essay in block format?

When writing a comparative essay in block format, you first exhaustively write a subject (covering all the key points of comparison and contrast) before transitioning to writing about the second subject. The purpose of a comparative essay remains the same regardless of the style you select; to critically evaluate and analyze the similarities and differences between two or more things or subjects.

What are some words to use in a compare/contrast essay?

When writing a comparison essay, you can use these transition words:

• To show similarities: in addition, equally, likewise, moreover, like, the same, both, neither, in similar vein/way/fashion/manner, equivalently, just as …
• To show contrast or differences: although, whereas, conversely, on the one hand, on the other hand, in contrast, however, but, yet, instead, comparably, comparatively, whereas, rather, in comparison, on the contrary.

What is the difference between Subject-by-Subject (block) and Point by Point?

The subject-by-subject style or approach entails discussing one subject at a time and writing all its points of similarity and differences before writing the same for the second subject. You address each subject in separate paragraphs, meaning you have several paragraphs, each discussing a single subject. It is what is referred to as the block method. On the other hand, a point-by-point format entails writing each point of comparison and contrast for each subject within a single paragraph. One paragraph focuses on a single aspect or criteria before moving to the next aspect.

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Comparative Essay | Definition, Methods & Examples

Shawn Custer has taught college-level English, composition, and literature for over eight years. She has a Master’s in English and Creative Writing from Southern New Hampshire University and a Bachelor's in English from Thomas Edison State University.

John has tutored algebra and SAT Prep and has a B.A. degree with a major in psychology and a minor in mathematics from Christopher Newport University.

Table of Contents

What is the point-by-point method and block method, what does a comparative essay do, how to use the point-by-point comparison method, how to use the compare and contrast block method, lesson summary, how do you write a point by point comparison essay.

A point-by-point comparison essay begins with an introductory paragraph. Both subjects are then discussed simultaneously, with key points being addressed at the same time. The essay ends with a final concluding paragraph.

Which is an example of point by point organization in a comparative essay?

An example of a point-by-point comparative essay would be comparing two cars being considered for purchase. The cost of both vehicles would be discussed before then moving on to the performance of each car, and the paper might end with discussing the required maintenance and potential expenses of each car.

What is the point by point method of organization?

The point-by-point method of organization involves writing about both subjects of comparison at the same time. Both subjects will be discussed for each point of comparison and contrast.

What is the block method compare and contrast?

The block method of compare and contrast involves writing first about one subject before transitioning to write about the second subject. Points of comparison are the same.

How do you write a compare and contrast essay block?

A compare and contrast essay in the block format involves writing first about one subject, addressing all of the points of comparison and contrast. The the paper transitions to write about the second subject, again addressing all of the same key points.

A compare and contrast essay , also called a comparison or comparative essay , is used to explain the similarities and differences between two subjects. These types of essays usually use specific structures or formats for presenting information, the most common of which are the point-by-point method and the block method .

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• 0:03 Comparing and Contrasting
• 1:13 Block Method
• 3:23 Point-By-Point Method
• 5:20 Lesson Summary

A comparative essay is used to discuss points of comparison and contrast between two aspects of a topic. Both aspects are presented equally, meaning that an equal amount of information and space in the essay is given to each one.

Regardless of which method is used, a comparative essay will begin with an introductory paragraph that establishes the topic of the essay and introduces the two subjects being compared. It should also touch on the points that will be covered in the essay. Comparative essays should also end with a concluding paragraph in which the key points are briefly summarized and the overall message of the essay - the thesis - is stated or reiterated.

A thesis statement is usually a single sentence that asserts the ultimate point of the essay. In a compare and contrast essay, the thesis can either be the last sentence of the introductory paragraph or it can appear in the concluding paragraph at the end of the paper. How and where the thesis is presented in the essay will depend on the contents and purpose of the essay. For example, a comparative essay might be used to help determine the best pet for a family, and an assertion will ultimately be made as to which pet is the best. In this example, the thesis statement may be presented in the concluding paragraph as a means of wrapping up all of the points that were discussed and making an ultimate determination about the topic. However, the thesis statement can also be presented in the introduction of the essay, serving as an assertion by the author that will then be explained and supported in the rest of the essay.

There is no set rule as to which placement is better for the thesis. Generally speaking, if the essay is serving as an exploratory essay, the eventual decision would logically be presented at the end of the paper. If, on the other hand, the essay is meant to be more persuasive, trying to convince the reader to agree with the author's point of view on the topic, the thesis might be presented in the introduction with the comparison and contrast in the paper serving to support the author's argument.

A point-by-point comparison essay discusses two subjects using the same set of criteria. The criteria are applied to each subject, one point at a time. In this way, the point-by-point method can seem a bit like a list. The point-by-point method is typically better for longer essays, those of more than four pages, because both subjects are being discussed within each point throughout the essay, keeping both subjects fresh in the reader's mind and making it easier for the reader to follow each point of comparison and contrast.

The block method, as discussed later in this lesson, addresses one subjects at a time, and in a longer paper, the first subject presented may fade a bit in the reader's mind by the end of the essay if the essay is too long.

Example of a Point-by-Point Essay

The point-by-point organization will begin with an introductory paragraph that establishes the topic of the essay and the subjects that will be compared. The body of the essay will focus on comparing and contrasting the two subjects. In a point-by-point comparative essay about pet ownership and whether a cat or a dog is the best pet for a family, the criteria for comparison might include:

• Costs of owning the pet
• Needs and requirements of the pet
• Time commitment involved in owning the pet
• Family engagement and interaction

The essay might begin by comparing how much it costs to obtain both a cat and a dog, followed by the cost of food and supplies required for each pet. Then the author will move on to discuss the needs and requirements of each animal, such as toys and treats and veterinary care. In the next section of the essay, the author will discuss the time commitment for owning and caring for each type of pet, perhaps pointing out that dogs require daily walks and exercise while cats can often be left alone for much longer periods of time. Finally, in the last section, the author will consider how the different pets interact with their owners, perhaps explaining how dogs tend to be more playful and want to spend more time with their owners while cats tend to be more solitary.

The block method of compare and contrast presents all of the information about one subject before moving on to present all of the information about the other subject. Both subjects are still given equal attention in the essay, but the focus stays first on one and then moves on to the other. This helps to avoid the list-like feel of the point-by-point method, which can get a bit monotonous. It also allows the author to present the full picture for one subject before moving on to the next. However, this method tends to work better for shorter essays so that the information presented about the first subject does not fade into the background by the time the information for the second subject is finished.

Like the point-by-point essay, the block method essay will still begin with an introductory paragraph and will end with a concluding paragraph. However, the block method also requires the use of a transition paragraph , which helps move the essay from the first subject to the second subject.

Example of a Block Essay

A compare and contrast block method essay will begin with an introductory paragraph, the same as that used in the point-by-point method. The topic will be introduced, along with both subjects being compared and the key points of comparison. The essay would then begin by focusing wholly on one of the subjects. Using the same example of analyzing the best pet for a family, the block method would present all of the information about owning a dog (for example), followed by all of the information for owing a cat. The same key points of comparison could be used. It is just the organization of the paper that is different.

A compare and contrast essay , also known as a comparison or comparative essay , is one in which two subjects are compared and contrasted according to a certain set of criteria. There are two main formats for a comparative essay: the point-by-point method and the block method . Both types of essays include an introductory paragraph , a concluding paragraph , and a thesis statement , or the one-sentence argument of the essay.

The point-by-point method of comparison is organized by the criteria or key points of comparison, discussing each subject within each of these points. Because of this structure, the point-by-point method can seem a bit list-like and is often better for longer papers. The block method of comparison focuses first on one subject, addressing all of the key criteria about that subject before changing to the second subject and applying the same criteria to that subject. Because of this structure, the block method also includes a transition paragraph that moves the reader from the first subject to the second subject in the essay. This method is better for shorter papers so that readers don't lose sight of the information about the first subject by the time they finish reading about the second subject.

Video Transcript

Comparing and contrasting.

Do you remember that story from school that we learned about Benjamin Franklin? Whenever he had a problem that he wasn't sure how to resolve, he would draw a vertical line down a sheet of paper. He would then proceed to write the pros or positives to the left of the line, and the cons or negatives to the right of the line. He not only considered how many items were on each side of the line, but also how important each item was to the situation. From there he would draw conclusions, and ultimately make a final decision. His decisions were extremely important and affected many people.

In a similar vein, comparison essays are an effective way of showing both the differences and the similarities between two items. In fact, they're sometimes referred to as compare and contrast essays. The two major methods of writing these essays are the block method and the point-by-point method. The latter is sometimes called the feature-by-feature method.

How do you decide which method to choose? Well, each method has its own distinct advantages and disadvantages. In fact, if you think about it, this lesson will be a type of comparison essay in and of itself. Can you figure out which method this lesson employs?

Block Method

The block method is often utilized for shorter assignments, essays, and papers. In this methodology, all the pertinent information about Point A (for example, ballroom dancing) is written about in the first half of the paper. All the pertinent information about Point B (for example, line dancing) is written about in the second half of the paper. The finished product often sounds more like a summary than an essay, as it's not usually as clearly organized as the point-by-point method.

This method works well for papers of one, two, or three pages in length. Beyond that, it is quite difficult for the reader to remember all of the information from Point A when moving on to Point B. Further, it is then difficult for the reader to remember what was read in Point A when finishing with Point B. However, it does concisely present the two sides and the whole picture. It also avoids some of the monotonous undertones prevalent in the other method.

For example, here is how to present an essay comparing and contrasting ballroom dancing and line dancing, using the block method:

First, we have the introduction…

Followed by the first half of essay…

In this first half, we write information pertinent to Point A, in this case, ballroom dancing. So, we might write something like:

Ballroom dancing involves many types of dances including the foxtrot, tango, and waltz. The dances involve two partners. They are often danced to classical music.

After we finished writing about Point A, we would include a transition section…

In the second half of essay, we would address Point B. We might says something like:

Line dancing involves many types of dances, including the hustle, the Macarena, and the stroll. The dances involve many people together at once. They are often danced to country and western music.

When we've finished addressing our Point B topic, we need to add a conclusion...

The transition is the one obvious distinction between the two methods. In the block method, there is a stark contrast between the first half of the essay and the second half of the essay. They speak about two entirely different concepts. Therefore, it's desirable to put a transition in between the two halves to allow for a smoother flow of words and ideas.

Point-by-Point Method

The point-by-point method is often utilized for longer assignments, essays, and papers. In this methodology a pertinent fact about Point A (ballroom dancing) is written, immediately followed by a pertinent fact about Point B (line dancing). Then a second fact about Point A is written, followed by a second fact about Point B, and so forth. The finished product can lack an appearance of unity, and seem more like a list.

This method works well for papers of four or more pages in length. Below that, it can take on the semblance of simplicity.

In this second example, we look at a way to compare and contrast ballroom dancing and line dancing using the point-by-point method:

Followed by the first paragraph, listing one fact about Point A and one about Point B. So, our first paragraph might be:

Ballroom dancing involves many types of dances, including the foxtrot, tango, and the waltz. Line dancing involves many types of dances, including the hustle, the Macarena, and the stroll. In ballroom dancing, the dances involve two partners. In line dancing, the dances involve many people together at once. Ballroom dances are often performed to classical music. Line dances are often performed to country music.

We would follow in the fashion for the rest of the essay, including one fact specific to each point until we've completed our essay.

The last part of a point-by-point essay is the conclusion...

Do you see why the point-by-point method requires no transition paragraph? The author merely continues after the introduction with paragraphs that list one fact about Point A and then one fact about Point B. Therefore, in a way, transitions are being made throughout the entire essay.

By the way, did you figure out that this lesson utilized the block method? This was effective partly because the lesson was not too long. This lesson even had its own transition paragraph, and it was about transitions.

Comparison essays are also known as compare and contrast essays. They show the differences and similarities between two different items. The two major ways of writing these essays are the block method and the point-by-point method. The latter is sometimes called the feature-by-feature method. Each methodology has its own unique advantages and disadvantages.

The block method is used for essays of one to three pages in length. The first half of the paper discusses Point A, and the second half discusses Point B. It is concise in its presentation of the whole picture and avoids monotony. However, it doesn't work for longer essays, and it can often sound like a summary instead of an essay.

The point-by-point method is often utilized for longer assignment, essays, and papers. Essays using the point-by-point method can seem more like lists than essays and lack unity. However, they don't need a transition paragraph like block method essays. Finally, it's important that both methods contain introductions and conclusions.

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Argument and Persuasion: Structuring and Writing an Argument Essay

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• Structuring and Writing an Argument Essay

Page Overview

This page deals with the process of writing the argument: planning, structuring, strategies, writing, revision.

Pre-Writing Considerations

There are things that should be given some attention before you begin writing your argument.  Thoughtful planning in the pre-writing stage increases the chances of your argument successfully convincing your audience.  A well-executed piece of writing should be unified, coherent, and complete.

unified = the paper presents only a single idea or, if more than one idea, one point is made the principal one and the others are subordinated to it 

coherent = the discussion flows smoothly and logically and is easy for the reader to follow; trying to make sense of the writing does not become an ordeal

complete = everything that should be said, has been said; no questions are left in the mind of the reader

Achieving a coherent, complete, unified piece of Argumentative Writing 

1.  Clearly state the argument/proposition of your essay.

2.  Analyze the proposition.  First, jot down points of conflict between your view and the opposing view.  Second, think over your jottings and try to decide which points are the issues on which your argument should hinge.  Third, arrange your jottings in order to give unity and coherence to your essay.

3.  Write a paragraph (or more if necessary) on each point of conflict.  (This step will have some variation, depending on whether you are using the block or point pattern of organization.)

4.  Analyze and evaluate what you have written to see whether (a) the evidence seems reliable and (b) the reasoning free of fallacies.

5.  Establish effective transitions between the discussions of the various points ( coherence ), keeping in mind that your objective is to connect each point to the main contention of your theme, the main proposition.

6.  Think of your introduction.  What makes the topic worth arguing about now (purpose)?  (NOTE:  Your topic should be broad enough to interest a large number of people, yet narrow enough that you can focus and manage the discussion.)  What kind of people are you writing for (audience)?  Can you depend on an interested and sympathetic hearing, or must you strive to gain attention and win people over?  If you have to gain attention, how will you go about it?  After you have thought about these things and written a first draft of your introduction, do you think it necessary to go back and revise the discussion in the body of your essay to make it better adapted to your audience?

7.  Treat your conclusion as the last impression you will leave on your readers.  Do you return here to your key point (your thesis), showing how your whole argument essay bears on and supports it?  Do you leave your readers with a positive impression of your effort, even if you cannot be sure of having totally convinced them by reason? 

Outlines for an Argument Essay

Pattern Outlines for an Argument Essay

(Based on https://apps.spokane.edu/.../Summary%20Response%20Essay%20Assignment.pdf

     In the context of argument, "pro" means agree/support, and "con" means disagree/oppose.   Whether you structure your argument to follow the block style or point-by-point pattern, the three principal components of presentation, support, and refutation must be included.  A point-by-point structure probably will be easier to follow, as the block style creates some separation between the "pro" and "con" sides of an argument which may require readers to do some up-and-down "scrolling" of the text.

Breaking it Down in Detail

• Argument Deconstructed Source: Mesa Community College. Provides multiple links to cover argument in-depth and from many aspects. Includes argument essay charts, outlines, and worksheets.

Defining Arguments:  defines what argument is and is not while providing some insights on laying the groundwork before the writing begins

How To Create an Argument:  covers the stages of pre-writng, writing, and revising an argument

Argument at a Glance: P.A.P.A.: a blank page with no content

Argument Claims:  discusses types of claims and perspectives from which to launch your argument; includes links to sample readings

Argument Outline:  provides outlines for various argument structures and types and also contains worksheets for preparing an argument

Rogerian Argument:  explains an alternative approach to the "traditional" argumentative style

Ethos, Logos, and Pathos:  offers tips on how to interact with the audience in an argumentative context

Fallacies:   a glossary of things to avoid

Sample Essays:  a selection of seven argumentative essays written by students

Argument on the Web

The Purdue OWL:   The OWL is the Online Writing Laboratory maintained by Purdue University.  It is a comprehensive, encyclopedic online reference source for nearly all aspects of research and writing, from topic selection to citation styles and source evaluation.  Every serious researcher should bookmark the OWL. 

For information regarding writing argumentative papers, either type "Purdue OWL"   argument  into an internet search box.  The first page of results provides links to more specific aspects of writing argument.  Or, you can type the word argument into the "Search the OWL" box (https://owl.purdue.edu/search.html).   Once you have landed on any OWL screen, it is good to scan the left pane for other pages which you may find useful.  

CAVEAT:  Purdue OWL has merged with Chegg, a for-profit company who has created a citation machine service for citation management.  This partnership has resulted in pop-up advertisements appearing on OWL screens as well as permitting Chegg influence on OWL's citation help pages.  Those using the OWL may wish to keep these things in mind.

Useful options besides the Purdue OWL are 

• Excelsior College Online Writing Lab  ( https://owl.excelsior.edu/ )
• Massey University OWLL ( http://owll.massey.ac.nz/index.php )

To locate information on the internet on argument, in the search box type argument along with a modifying term such as writing or structure.

To locate additional LibGuides on argument on the internet, in the search box type argument libguide.

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Compare/Contrast Papers

• Getting started
• Primary & secondary sources
• Scholarly, trade, & popular publications
• Scholarly & peer-reviewed journals
• Grey literature
• Brainstorming
• Exploring the internet
• Exploring background information
• Narrowing/broadening your topic
• Block organization
• Point-by-point
• Compare then contrast
• Introduction
• Thesis statement
• Supporting paragraphs
• Transitions
• Citing your sources

What is point-by-point organization?

This organizational pattern is most effective when used on longer essays, such as a comparison of two articles, short stories, or novels. The body of such an essay is organized by discussing one point at a time and how it applies to each subject before moving on to the next point. For long works, at least three points should be examined if not more.

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We’re reviewing our resources this spring (May-August 2024). We will do our best to minimize disruption, but you might notice changes over the next few months as we correct errors & delete redundant resources. 

Comparative Essays

Writing a comparison usually requires that you assess the similarities and differences between two or more theories, procedures, or processes. You explain to your reader what insights can be gained from the comparison, or judge whether one thing is better than another according to established criteria.

How to Write a Comparative Essay

1. Establish a basis of comparison 

A basis of comparison represents the main idea, category, or theme you will investigate. You will have to do some preliminary reading, likely using your course materials, to get an idea of what kind of criteria you will use to assess whatever you are comparing. A basis of comparison must apply to all items you are comparing, but the details will be different. 

For example, if you are asked to “compare neoclassical architecture and gothic architecture,” you could compare the influence of social context on the two styles.  

2. Gather the details of whatever you are comparing 

Once you have decided what theme or idea you are investigating, you will need to gather details of whatever you are comparing, especially in terms of similarities and differences. Doing so allows you to see which criteria you should use in your comparison, if not specified by your professor or instructor. 

• Appeal to Greek perfection
• Formulaic and mathematical
• Appeal to emotion
• Towers and spires
• Wild and rustic
• Civic buildings

Based on this information, you could focus on how ornamentation and design principles reveal prevailing intellectual thought about architecture in the respective eras and societies.

3. Develop a thesis statement 

After brainstorming, try to develop a thesis statement that identifies the results of your comparison. Here is an example of a fairly common thesis statement structure: 

e.g., Although neoclassical architecture and gothic architecture have [similar characteristics A and B], they reveal profound differences in their interpretation of [C, D, and E]. 

4. Organize your comparison  

You have a choice of two basic methods for organizing a comparative essay: the point-by-point method or the block method.  

The point-by-point method examines one aspect of comparison in each paragraph and usually alternates back and forth between the two objects, texts, or ideas being compared. This method allows you to emphasize points of similarity and of difference as you proceed. 

In the block method, however, you say everything you need to say about one thing, then do the same thing with the other. This method works best if you want readers to understand and agree with the advantages of something you are proposing, such as introducing a new process or theory by showing how it compares to something more traditional.

Sample Outlines for Comparative Essays on Neoclassical and Gothic Architecture 

Building a point-by-point essay.

Using the point-by-point method in a comparative essay allows you to draw direct comparisons and produce a more tightly integrated essay.

1. Introduction

• Introductory material
• Thesis: Although neoclassical and gothic architecture are both western European forms that are exemplified in civic buildings and churches, they nonetheless reveal through different structural design and ornamentation, the different intellectual principles of the two societies that created them.

2. Body Sections/Paragraphs

• Ornamentation in Text 1
• Ornamentation in Text 2
• Major appeal in Text 1
• Major appeal in Text 2
• Style in Text 1
• Style in Text 2

3. Conclusion

• Why this comparison is important?
• What does this comparison tell readers?

Building a Block Method Essay

Using the block method in a comparative essay can help ensure that the ideas in the second block build upon or extend ideas presented in the first block. It works well if you have three or more major areas of comparison instead of two (for example, if you added in a third or fourth style of architecture, the block method would be easier to organize).

• Thesis: The neoclassical style of architecture was a conscious rejection of the gothic style that had dominated in France at the end of the middle ages; it represented a desire to return to the classical ideals of Greece and Rome.
• History and development
• Change from earlier form
• Social context of new form
• What does the comparison reveal about architectural development?
• Why is this comparison important?

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• Comparing and contrasting in an essay | Tips & examples

Comparing and Contrasting in an Essay | Tips & Examples

Published on August 6, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

Comparing and contrasting is an important skill in academic writing . It involves taking two or more subjects and analyzing the differences and similarities between them.

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Table of contents

When should i compare and contrast, making effective comparisons, comparing and contrasting as a brainstorming tool, structuring your comparisons, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about comparing and contrasting.

Many assignments will invite you to make comparisons quite explicitly, as in these prompts.

• Compare the treatment of the theme of beauty in the poetry of William Wordsworth and John Keats.
• Compare and contrast in-class and distance learning. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each approach?

Some other prompts may not directly ask you to compare and contrast, but present you with a topic where comparing and contrasting could be a good approach.

One way to approach this essay might be to contrast the situation before the Great Depression with the situation during it, to highlight how large a difference it made.

Comparing and contrasting is also used in all kinds of academic contexts where it’s not explicitly prompted. For example, a literature review involves comparing and contrasting different studies on your topic, and an argumentative essay may involve weighing up the pros and cons of different arguments.

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As the name suggests, comparing and contrasting is about identifying both similarities and differences. You might focus on contrasting quite different subjects or comparing subjects with a lot in common—but there must be some grounds for comparison in the first place.

For example, you might contrast French society before and after the French Revolution; you’d likely find many differences, but there would be a valid basis for comparison. However, if you contrasted pre-revolutionary France with Han-dynasty China, your reader might wonder why you chose to compare these two societies.

This is why it’s important to clarify the point of your comparisons by writing a focused thesis statement . Every element of an essay should serve your central argument in some way. Consider what you’re trying to accomplish with any comparisons you make, and be sure to make this clear to the reader.

Comparing and contrasting can be a useful tool to help organize your thoughts before you begin writing any type of academic text. You might use it to compare different theories and approaches you’ve encountered in your preliminary research, for example.

Let’s say your research involves the competing psychological approaches of behaviorism and cognitive psychology. You might make a table to summarize the key differences between them.

Or say you’re writing about the major global conflicts of the twentieth century. You might visualize the key similarities and differences in a Venn diagram.

These visualizations wouldn’t make it into your actual writing, so they don’t have to be very formal in terms of phrasing or presentation. The point of comparing and contrasting at this stage is to help you organize and shape your ideas to aid you in structuring your arguments.

When comparing and contrasting in an essay, there are two main ways to structure your comparisons: the alternating method and the block method.

The alternating method

In the alternating method, you structure your text according to what aspect you’re comparing. You cover both your subjects side by side in terms of a specific point of comparison. Your text is structured like this:

Mouse over the example paragraph below to see how this approach works.

One challenge teachers face is identifying and assisting students who are struggling without disrupting the rest of the class. In a traditional classroom environment, the teacher can easily identify when a student is struggling based on their demeanor in class or simply by regularly checking on students during exercises. They can then offer assistance quietly during the exercise or discuss it further after class. Meanwhile, in a Zoom-based class, the lack of physical presence makes it more difficult to pay attention to individual students’ responses and notice frustrations, and there is less flexibility to speak with students privately to offer assistance. In this case, therefore, the traditional classroom environment holds the advantage, although it appears likely that aiding students in a virtual classroom environment will become easier as the technology, and teachers’ familiarity with it, improves.

The block method

In the block method, you cover each of the overall subjects you’re comparing in a block. You say everything you have to say about your first subject, then discuss your second subject, making comparisons and contrasts back to the things you’ve already said about the first. Your text is structured like this:

• Point of comparison A
• Point of comparison B

The most commonly cited advantage of distance learning is the flexibility and accessibility it offers. Rather than being required to travel to a specific location every week (and to live near enough to feasibly do so), students can participate from anywhere with an internet connection. This allows not only for a wider geographical spread of students but for the possibility of studying while travelling. However, distance learning presents its own accessibility challenges; not all students have a stable internet connection and a computer or other device with which to participate in online classes, and less technologically literate students and teachers may struggle with the technical aspects of class participation. Furthermore, discomfort and distractions can hinder an individual student’s ability to engage with the class from home, creating divergent learning experiences for different students. Distance learning, then, seems to improve accessibility in some ways while representing a step backwards in others.

Note that these two methods can be combined; these two example paragraphs could both be part of the same essay, but it’s wise to use an essay outline to plan out which approach you’re taking in each paragraph.

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Some essay prompts include the keywords “compare” and/or “contrast.” In these cases, an essay structured around comparing and contrasting is the appropriate response.

Comparing and contrasting is also a useful approach in all kinds of academic writing : You might compare different studies in a literature review , weigh up different arguments in an argumentative essay , or consider different theoretical approaches in a theoretical framework .

Your subjects might be very different or quite similar, but it’s important that there be meaningful grounds for comparison . You can probably describe many differences between a cat and a bicycle, but there isn’t really any connection between them to justify the comparison.

You’ll have to write a thesis statement explaining the central point you want to make in your essay , so be sure to know in advance what connects your subjects and makes them worth comparing.

Comparisons in essays are generally structured in one of two ways:

• The alternating method, where you compare your subjects side by side according to one specific aspect at a time.
• The block method, where you cover each subject separately in its entirety.

It’s also possible to combine both methods, for example by writing a full paragraph on each of your topics and then a final paragraph contrasting the two according to a specific metric.

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Writing Resources

Comparative essays.

This handout is available for download in DOCX format and PDF format .

What is a comparative essay?

A comparative essay asks that you compare at least two (or possibly more) items. These items will differ depending on the assignment. You might be asked to compare

• positions on an issue (e.g., responses to midwifery in Canada and the United States)
• theories (e.g., capitalism and communism)
• figures (e.g., GDP in the United States and Britain)
• texts (e.g., Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Macbeth )
• events (e.g., the Great Depression and the global financial crisis of 2008-9)

Although the assignment may say “compare,” the assumption is that you will consider both the similarities and differences; in other words, you will compare and contrast.

Make sure you know the basis for comparison

The assignment sheet may say exactly what you need to compare, or it may ask you to come up with a basis for comparison yourself.

• Provided by the essay question: The essay question may ask that you consider the figure of the gentleman in Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations and Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall . The basis for comparison will be the figure of the gentleman.
• Developed by you: The question may simply ask that you compare the two novels. If so, you will need to develop a basis for comparison, that is, a theme, concern, or device common to both works from which you can draw similarities and differences.

Develop a list of similarities and differences

Once you know your basis for comparison, think critically about the similarities and differences between the items you are comparing, and compile a list of them. For example, you might decide that in Great Expectations , being a true gentleman is not a matter of manners or position but morality, whereas in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall , being a true gentleman is not about luxury and self-indulgence but hard work and productivity. Your list is not yet your outline for the essay, but it should provide you with enough similarities and differences to construct an initial plan.

Develop a thesis based on the relative weight of similarities and differences

Once you have listed similarities and differences, decide whether the similarities on the whole outweigh the differences or vice versa. Create a thesis statement that reflects their relative weights. A more complex thesis will usually include both similarities and differences and will argue that one of them (either the similarities or the differences) outweighs the other.

Come up with a structure for your essay

Alternating method: point-by-point pattern.

In the alternating method, you find points common to your central subjects A and B, and alternate between A and B on the basis of these points (ABABAB …). For instance, a comparative essay on the French and Russian revolutions might examine how both revolutions either encouraged or thwarted innovation in terms of new technology (body paragraphs 1 and 2), military strategy (body paragraphs 3 and 4), and the administrative system (body paragraphs 5 and 6).

Two notes about the alternating method:

• The two entities may be dissimilar in the themes you identify. To use this method, they need not be similar; you just need to have something to say about both A and B in each area.
• You may certainly include more than three pairs of alternating points: allow the subject matter to determine the number of points you develop in the body of your essay.

When do I use the alternating method?

The alternating method generally does a better job of highlighting similarities and differences between A and B. It also tends to produce a more tightly integrated and analytical paper. Consider the alternating method if you are able to identify clearly related points between A and B. Otherwise, if you attempt to impose the alternating method, you will probably find it counterproductive.

Block method: Subject-by-subject pattern

In the block method (AB), you discuss all of A, then all of B. For example, a comparative essay using the block method on the French and Russian revolutions would address the French Revolution in the first half of the essay and the Russian Revolution in the second half. If you choose the block method, however, make sure they are connected! The B block should refer to the A block and make clear points of comparison whenever comparisons are relevant: (“Unlike A, B . . .” or “Like A, B . . .”). This technique will allow for a higher level of critical engagement, continuity, and cohesion.

When do I use the block method?

The block method is particularly useful in the following cases:

• You are unable to find points about A and B that are closely related to each other.
• Your ideas about B build upon or extend your ideas about A.
• You are comparing three or more subjects as opposed to the traditional two.

Adapted from the University of Toronto, https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/types-of-writing/comparative-essay/, 2020.

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Common essay structures, learning objectives.

• Examine the structure and organization of common types of essays

Suggested Essay Structure

What are we talking about when we talk about essay structures ? Depending on the assignment, you will need to utilize different ways to organize your essays. Some common layouts for essay organization are listed below, and if you are ever confused on which structure you should use for your assignment, ask your teacher for help.

Argumentative Essay

In an argumentative essay, you are asked to take a stance about an issue.  One effective way to argue a point can be to present the opposing view first, usually in your introduction paragraph, then counter this view with stronger evidence in your essay. You can also explain your argument and claims, then address the opposing view at the end of your paper, or you could address opposing views one at a time, including the rebuttal throughout your paper.

Argumentative Essay: Block Format

• provides background information on topic
• states of your position on the topic (thesis)
• summarizes arguments 
• Topic sentence outlining first claim
• Sentences giving explanations and providing evidence to support topic sentence
• Concluding sentence – link to next paragraph
• Topic sentence outlining second claim
• Sentences giving explanations and providing evidence to back topic sentence
• Topic sentence outlining any possible counterarguments
• Provide evidence to refute counterarguments
• Summary of the main points of the body
• Restatement of the position

Argumentative Essay: Rebuttal Throughout

This type of format works well for topics that have obvious pros and cons.

• Introduction and Thesis
• Topic sentence outlining first rebuttal
• Opposing Viewpoint
• Statistics and facts to support your side
• Summary of the main arguments and counterarguments 

The Comparative Essay

Comparative essays  compare , compare and contrast , or differentiate between things and concepts. In this structure, the similarities and/or differences between two or more items (for example, theories or models) are discussed paragraph by paragraph. Your assignment task may require you to make a recommendation about the suitability of the items you are comparing. 

There are two basic formats for the compare/contrast essay: block or point-by-point. Block divides the essay in half with the first set of paragraphs covering one item, the other set of paragraphs covering the other item. Let’s take a look at an example about cameras. If the writer is contrasting a Nikon DSLR camera with a similar priced Canon DSLR camera, the first set of paragraphs would cover Nikon and the next set would cover Canon. In point-by-point, the writer would cover the two items alternating in each point of comparison (see examples in outlines below). 

Comparative Essay:  Block Method

• Introduction and thesis
• Image Quality
• Shutter Speed
• The Auto-focus System

Comparative Essay: Point-by-Point Method

• Introduction
• Nikon D7000

Cause and Effect Essay

Examples of cause and effect essays include questions that ask you to state or investigate the effects or outline the causes of the topic. This may be, for example, a historical event, the implementation of a policy, a medical condition, or a natural disaster. These essays may be structured in one of two ways: either the causes(s) of a situation may be discussed first followed by the effect(s), or the effect(s) could come first with the discussion working back to outline the cause(s). Sometimes with cause and effect essays, you are required to give an assessment of the overall effects of an event on a community, a workplace, an individual. 

Cause and Effect Essay Format

• Background information on the situation under discussion
• Description of the situation
• Overview of the causes or effects to be outlined
• Topic sentence outlining first cause or effect
• Sentences giving explanations and providing evidence to support the topic sentence
• Concluding sentence – linking to the next paragraph
• Topic sentence outlining second cause or effect
• These follow the same structure for as many causes or effects as you need to outline
• Conclusion, prediction or recommendation

Mixed Structure Assignment

Finally, consider that some essay assignments may ask you to combine approaches. You will rarely follow the above outlines with exactness, but can use the outlines and templates of common rhetorical patterns to help shape your essay. Remember that the ultimate goal is to construct a smooth and coherent message with information that flows nicely from one paragraph to the next.

There are several different styles to choose from when constructing a mixed-structure essay. The table below gives an idea of what different roles paragraphs can play in a mixed-structure essay assignment.

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A ‘Basic’ Argument Organisation Structure

An argument essay structure can be organised in two ways. A Block structure is where the two main body paragraphs are divided separately into for or against OR a  Point-by-Point structure where each main body paragraph has an argument followed by the counter argument. (see below)

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Learning Objectives

• Understand the common structures and uses of comparison and contrast writing.

One of the most common types of writing (and thinking) is comparison writing. When considering the pros and cons of a new purchase or decision, for instance, many of us use comparisons to existing models. Students are also often asked to compare something they’re reading with another similar text. Reviews of popular media also often compare or contrast: consider the line, “Her best work since…” which offers a direct comparison with a previous performance.

Comparison and contrast essays, however, often get the reputation of being boring or sounding automatic. While the form is useful, it is also plain, and it can inspire uninspiring writing. This chapter aims to help you understand when comparison is appropriate, the terms that we use to talk about it, how to structure it, and then how to use those structures in a meaningful and creative way across media.

What is Comparison and Contrast Writing?

Comparison and Contrast writing is used to show a reader the similarities and/or differences between two subjects.  Comparison writing focuses on similarities (ways things are alike), while  contrast  writing focuses on differences or ways they are not alike.

In order to do this, the subjects chosen have to be related or share at least some characteristics. You may have heard that it’s impossible to compare apples and oranges. This isn’t true, of course: an apple can easily be compared to an orange, since they both share many characteristics (both fruit, both vaguely round, both on sale at the store, both considered nutritious, etc.). However, some items would be very difficult to compare: writing a short essay comparing a Fuji apple to an Apple MacBook might result in no meaningful similarities. That paper would, likely, be a waste of a reader’s (and writer’s) time.

Meaningful comparison, however, can enlighten an audience toward unknown similarities or differences between subjects. The more informative or surprising a comparative is, the more likely an audience is to be engaged. For example, writing a paper that compares two well-known superheroes and discusses their similarities might not be that interesting. Showing how alike a superhero and a villain are, though, might subvert the audience’s expectation (that heroes and villains have nothing in common), which could lead to a more interesting paper.

Some assignments will specifically ask for a comparison or a contrast. Others may want you to incorporate both. Read carefully to find what’s most appropriate.

Here are a few example essay prompts that might lead to comparison/contrast writing:

• What are the major similarities and differences between the Honda Hobbit and the Ford Frodo? (Asks for compare/contrast)
• Discuss the leadership styles of Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee. (Could be comparing/contrasting)
• How do recent behaviors around social media compare to the early introduction of the telegraph? (Asks for comparison, but may also want contrast)

Objective versus Subjective Comparison

The purpose of a comparison/contrast paper seems obvious – we’re talking about similarities/differences between two subjects to better inform our readers. However, there’s sometimes a secondary purpose to these papers: Comparison papers are often written to convince a reader that one subject is superior to the other.

• Compare and contrast the SmartPhone A to the new SmartPhone AX. Which is better for a student?
• Compare two presidents from the 19th century. Which one practiced better military leadership?

A subjective comparison includes factual information about both subjects but may also include the writer’s opinions. It may also work to convince a reader to consider one subject to be better than the other. Subjective comparisons also include the writer’s evaluation of the information. For instance, a writer will present facts about SmartPhone A, analysis of these facts, and their own opinion: [Fact] SmartPhone A is less expensive than SmartPhone AX by nearly $100, which [Analysis] makes it a better buy for most students. However, I’d [opinion] easily pay $100 to get a phone as sleek as the AX.

In addition, a subjective comparison will lead toward a conclusion at the end, deciding between the subjects being compared. This means that subjective comparison papers often function as argumentative writing, though they spend a good deal of time with the second subject.

By contrast, an objective comparison paper does not automatically seek to decide between options when it begins. It may list the categories for comparison that the subjects will be judged against, but it will build toward its conclusion through presenting facts, evidence, and analysis, not through subjective evaluation. An objective comparison is an informative paper, not an argumentative paper. Nevertheless, at the end, it may draw the conclusion that one side is better than the other, within the set of criteria established.

What’s that all mean? Here’s an example: An objective comparison of two types of smartphone would include factual information about both phones, like price, weight, available apps, camera resolution, and maybe a roundup of how they’ve been reviewed by credible sources. The author might find that college students have said the three most important things they look for in a phone are price, plans available, and apps available, so at the end of the piece, they could say,  Based on the information presented here, the SmartPhone A would be a better buy for the average college student.

In a subjective opinion of the same two phones, the author would likely tell the audience as they start which phone is superior, and then spend the paper proving why by comparing the two. They would also present facts (cost, plans, apps, etc.), but they would add information from personal experience and their opinion of why some features are better than other.

A reader who wants to know more about the two phones before making her own decision would likely appreciate an objective comparison, while a reader who trusts the writer and wants to hear their opinion on the subject would likely appreciate a subjective comparison.

Getting started with comparison writing

The place to start with comparison writing is in choosing your subjects. Usually, this will involve two subjects (though longer papers might engage with more). Subjects are the main people, things, places, or ideas that we’ll be comparing or contrasting throughout the paper. Subjects must be related in some way. For example, I might choose to compare two college courses: even if their subjects are very different, because they are both classes, I will likely find ways to compare them.

Next, after researching the subjects, you’ll establish the points of comparison that you’ll use. These are the criteria that you’ll use to compare the two subjects, and they are your decision as a writer. For a short (3-5) page paper, you’ll usually select 3-4 points. Above, in the smartphone example, my points were: cost, app availability, plan pricing, weight, camera resolution, and reviews. I would likely narrow these down to focusing on three points.

How do I select points? This is generally where considering your audience comes into play: What would they be most interested in or convinced by? If I’m writing for a cost-conscious audience who also wants to be able to play games, I’d likely narrow down to cost, plan pricing, and apps available. I might choose something different (like durability or available security measures) if I was writing a paper to be read by parents of young children. The choice of comparison points is up to the writer, and your research should guide the decision you make. You’ll need to write about the same points for each subject.

Structuring comparison writing

The comparison essay can follow a set outline. In fact, two structures are common for comparison writing: the Point-by-Point structure and the Subject-by-Subject or Block structure. Both have advantages. They can also be combined, as needed.

Subject-by-Subject (Block) Structure

In subject-by-subject comparisons, each subject is tackled separately. After an introduction paragraph (covered later in this chapter), the paper goes directly into a section (one paragraph or multiple paragraphs) that addresses the first subject. This allows time to describe the subject for an unfamiliar audience or to place a concept in context. Then, after a transition, the second subject is discussed.

Within each section, the same points for comparison will be covered in approximately the same order and depth. Here’s an example outline for a subject-by-subject paper, written about two different types of smartphones:

Introduction

• General description of the phone
• Available pricing plans
• Available apps

Though it may appear that this essay is only four paragraphs long, it is useful to think of each number as a “section,” instead of a paragraph. The description might run for an entire paragraph when comparing two complex subjects: Consider, for example, an essay that wants to compare two video games. The first part of the subject discussion might be only about how the game is played and its major objectives, while the next paragraph would talk about its cost, time to play, and popular reviews.

Generally, in a subject-by-subject paper, during the second subject area (section 3), the writer will use comparison words to start reminding the reader of how things line up (or don’t) with the first subject.

Common Comparison/Contrast Words:

• In contrast
• On the other hand
• As shown before
• Almost like

Point-by-point structure

In point-by-point comparison writing, the work is organized around the criteria for comparison. A sample outline would look like this:

• Cost of Smartphone A
• Cost of Smartphone AX
• Plans for Smartphone A
• Plans for Smartphone AX
• Apps on Smartphone A
• Apps on Smartphone AX

The point-by-point structure means that both subjects are discussed side by side throughout the paper, which can be a great way to line up complicated topics or subjects which require frequent references to numbers. For example, in a paper comparing two potential vacation choices, the cost of many pieces of the trip might be important to see side by side: “If we travel to Island A, plane tickets will cost $476 per person, while Island B will cost $345 per person but will include a $50 baggage charge and a $20 shuttle ride.”

Point-by-point structure allows a writer to emphasize the importance of the categories for comparison over the subjects themselves. It can be a good format for informative papers or for papers where the comparison criteria are complex. For example, in our smartphone example, it may be difficult to explain why pricing plans for phones are so wildly different. A point-by-point structure would allow the writer to offer a quick explanation of types of plans before diving in to say how the two subjects stack up.

Though it may appear to be a longer structure than subject-by-subject, this is not necessarily true; again, think of the parts of the outline as sections instead of paragraphs, knowing that some parts may require more space to deal with than others.

Both outlines require the writer to frequently use comparison words and phrases. They also can be expanded to meet the needs of the assignment.

Comparison Introduction, Thesis, and Conclusion

A comparison paper will begin with an introduction paragraph. This paragraph should, at minimum, establish for the reader that they are about to read a comparison/contrast essay. While that seems obvious, it’s easy to start a paper by talking only about one subject, or only about one point for comparison, which might lead a reader to think they’re going to read about only one idea. It can be useful to start the paper by describing why it’s important to study the differences or similarities between the two subjects: could it make a difference in the reader’s opinion or behavior?

If a comparison or contrast is being made between two subjects that will require the audience to have additional background knowledge, a secondary introduction may be necessary. For instance, if I were writing a paper comparing two characters from the  Star Wars series, but my audience wasn’t guaranteed to have seen the films, I might put in a second paragraph that briefly described the plots of the relevant movies before getting into my character comparisons.

Though by no means the only right place to put it, many comparison essays will have a thesis at the end of the first paragraph. The comparison thesis will name both subjects and will state whether they will be compared, contrasted, or both. An excellent thesis will also remind the reader of the importance of this comparison.

Example Thesis Statements

• Smartphone A and Smartphone AX look alike in the store, but a cost-conscious student should study their similarities and differences in price, plans, and apps to find which one will be the best fit.
• Though they were similarly popular as toys, R2-D2 and BB-8 served very different purposes in the Star Wars universe and continue to show the ways the movies have evolved.
• Harry Potter and Hermione Granger had radically different methods of studying, which could have led readers to favor one character over another.

The final section in a comparison paper is left for the conclusion. This can be a simple wrap-up, where the thesis is re-stated and the major points are reviewed. However, a comparison can also end with an additional discussion section, where the author considers and analyzes the two subjects and recommends or predicts which will be a better fit for the audience. In the smartphone example, a paragraph or two at the end might be reserved to discuss the features that weren’t described and why they aren’t as important, or to mention that both phones will soon be outdated. Discussion can be a useful way to bring in additional information or to place everything else in context.

Key Takeaways

Comparison/Contrast writing is frequently required in school and work settings. Keep in mind:

• Subjects are the main people, places, things, or ideas/concepts to be compared or contrasted (or both)
• Points are the criteria used to compare these subjects, and both subjects must be compared using the same points
• A subjective comparison draws a conclusion or evaluates the subjects at the end, based on the writer’s opinion.
• An objective comparison lets a reader become better informed about the subjects and allows them to draw their own conclusion
• Two structures (subject-by-subject or point-by-point) are usually used in basic comparison writing.

Better writing from the beginning Copyright © 2017 by Jenn Kepka is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Compare And Contrast Essay

Compare And Contrast Essay Outline

Learn How to Create a Compare and Contrast Essay Outline - With Examples & Tips

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Your Ultimate Guide to Compare and Contrast Essays

Interesting Compare and Contrast Essay Topics & Ideas

Compare And Contrast Essay Examples & Samples

Compare and contrast essays are a common academic assignment that requires you to analyze the similarities and differences between two or more subjects. 

However, you need a strong outline as your foundation to craft a successful and compelling essay. Outlining organizes your points logically and makes your writing more coherent. 

So how do you start with making a good outline?

This blog will walk you through the steps of creating an effective compare and contrast essay outline. You’ll also get some helpful practical tips and examples along the way. 

Let’s get into it!

• 1. What is a Compare and Contrast Essay Outline?
• 2. Two Types of Compare & Contrast Essay Structure
• 3. Step-by-Step Guide to Writing a Compare & Contrast Outline 
• 4. Compare and Contrast Essay Outline Examples
• 5. Tips for Making Better Compare and Contrast Outlines

What is a Compare and Contrast Essay Outline?

An outline for a compare and contrast essay aims to organize all the information in a readable manner. It's a roadmap that lays out how you organize and present your ideas.

Here are the main goals of an outline:

• Clarity and Organization: An outline helps you organize your thoughts and ideas in a clear and structured manner. It ensures that all the ideas are presented in a systematic way.
• Efficiency: Creating an outline streamlines the writing process. It saves you time by providing a clear direction. It keeps the writer focused on developing the main argument and supporting evidence.
• Prevention of Overlooking Key Points: With a well-constructed outline, you're less likely to overlook essential points. It serves as a checklist for your essay, ensuring that it is comprehensive and balanced.

Two Types of Compare & Contrast Essay Structure

Before we dive into the outlining steps, you should know about the two main organizing strategies for this type of essay:

• Point-by-Point Structure (or organization by criteria)
• Block Method (or organization by item)

Each approach offers unique advantages and is suited to different writing situations. Let's explore these two structures in detail.

Point-by-Point Structure

The point-by-point structure involves comparing and contrasting specific aspects of your chosen subjects.

For instance, when comparing two car models point-by-point, you can first compare and discuss their fuel efficiency, then interior space, and finally compare and contrast their tech features.

This way, you proceed by covering each aspect at a time. Here is what this structure looks like:

Block Method

The block method, also known as organization by item, offers a different approach to structuring your compare and contrast essay. 

In this structure, you present all the information about one subject before moving on to the other, and finally compare and evaluate the subjects in the last paragraph before the conclusion. 

This straightforward approach is particularly useful when your subjects have few similarities and differences. Here’s an example of a block method compare and contrast:

Now that you know about the two types of compare and contrast outlines, let’s move on to how to craft them.

Step-by-Step Guide to Writing a Compare & Contrast Outline 

Creating a compare and contrast essay outline may seem like a complex task, but fear not! Following these simple steps below will make outlining easier and smoother.

Step 1: Choose Your Subjects & Gather Information

Step 2: identify key points of comparison, step 3: develop a thesis statement.

• Step 4: Organize Your Outline 

Let’s get into each of these steps:

The first and most crucial step is to select the subjects or topics you'll be comparing and contrasting. Make sure that your subjects are related and offer meaningful comparisons. 

Determine the purpose of your essay. Are you aiming to persuade, inform, or simply analyze? Understanding your purpose will help you gather relevant information about your subjects and shape your thesis statement.

Looking for topic ideas? Find 100+ compare and contrast essay topics to write about.

Consider the aspects or criteria you'll use to compare and contrast your subjects. These will become the basis for your body paragraphs. Common approaches include similarities and differences in structure, content, historical context, or impact of your chosen subjects.

Your thesis statement is the heart of your essay. It should concisely state the main point or argument of your essay and provide a roadmap for what your readers can expect. Make sure it reflects the essence of your comparison.

Step 4: Organize Your Outline

Now, it's time to create the actual outline structure. There are three components of an essay outline:

• Introduction
• The main body

Start with the basic framework:

Compare and Contrast Essay Introduction

An essay introduction aims to present your compare and contrast subjects and provide some context.  

In the introduction part of your outline, you should add the following:

• Hook Statement - A hook is the opening sentence of your essay that aims to catch the readers’ attention. Depending on the topic, choose a catchy statement for your introduction to make it interesting for the readers. 
• Points about Significance/Context - To make your essay introduction strong and engaging, add the points about the context or significance of the topic to your outline.
• Thesis Statement - A thesis statement is the writer’s main argument about the topic. 

Compare and Contrast Essay Body Paragraphs

Before outlining your body paragraphs, choose one of the two structures described above. That is, choose whether you want to write your essay in a point-by-point structure or by the block method.

Here’s what to add to your body paragraph outline if it follows a point by point organization:

If you’re using the block method, here’s what your body paragraph outline should include:

Conclusion 

In your outline for the conclusion, you should include the following components:

• Restate the Thesis: Reiterate your thesis statement, emphasizing the main argument of your essay. This reinforces the central message you want your readers to take away.
• Summarized Points: Summarize the points you made in the body paragraphs.
• Final Insight or Observation: Add a final insight, observation, or thought to end the conclusion. This could be a reflection on the significance of your comparisons, a call to action, or a broader perspective on the topic.

Starting with gathering information and ending with a complete outline, these 4 easy steps will let you have a great start.

Compare and Contrast Essay Outline Examples

Here are some outline examples that will make it easy for you to understand the process described above. Check them out to see what your final outlines should look like.

5 Paragraph Compare And Contrast Essay Outline Example

Compare And Contrast Essay Outline Middle School

Compare And Contrast Essay Outline 5th Grade

Compare And Contrast Essay Outline 6th Grade

Compare And Contrast Essay Outline High School

Compare And Contrast Essay Outline Point By Point

Compare And Contrast Essay Outline Block Method

Oedipus and Hamlet Compare And Contrast Essay Outline

Argumentative Compare and Contrast Essay Outline

Want to read complete essays instead? Check out our blog on compare and contrast essay examples to read expertly written samples!

Tips for Making Better Compare and Contrast Outlines

Creating a compare and contrast essay outline is a crucial step in the essay-writing process. With the right tips, you can make your outlines more effective and efficient. 

Here are some valuable tips to help you craft better compare and contrast outlines:

• Clarify Your Purpose: Before you start outlining, ensure you have a clear understanding of the purpose of your essay. Are you aiming to inform or analyze and evaluate? Your outline should align with your essay's objectives.
• Choose the Right Structure: Select the structure (point-by-point or block method) that best suits your subjects and the nature of your comparison. Some topics may work better with one method over the other.
• Be Consistent: Maintain consistency in your outline. Use the same format for each body paragraph, making it easier for you to stay organized and for your readers to follow your argument.
• Prioritize Key Points: Not all comparisons and contrasts are of equal importance. Focus on the most significant aspects to avoid overwhelming your essay with minor details.
• Balance Similarities and Differences: Ensure your outline includes a balanced mix of similarities and differences. This balance contributes to a well-rounded and persuasive essay.
• Review and Revise: After creating your initial outline, take a step back and review it critically. Does it effectively convey your ideas? Are there any redundancies or gaps in your comparisons? Make revisions as needed.
• Stay Focused: It's easy to get sidetracked when comparing and contrasting. Stick to your chosen criteria and avoid going off-topic in your outline.
• Use Clear Language: Keep your outline concise and use clear, straightforward language. Avoid jargon or overly complex sentences that could confuse your readers.
• Seek Feedback: If possible, share your outline with a peer or instructor for feedback. They can offer valuable insights and suggestions for improvement.

To Conclude,

Crafting a well-structured compare and contrast essay outline is a skill that can elevate your essays. We've explored the purpose, components, and step-by-step process for creating effective outlines. You’re now equipped to shape your ideas, organize your arguments, and guide your readers through compelling comparisons and contrasts. 

Remember, outlining isn't just a preliminary step; it's your blueprint for essay excellence. So utilize the steps and tips you learned above to craft excellent comparison essays!

Still, if you are looking for expert guidance and custom-written essays, MyPerfectWords.com is here for you. Just request us to “do my essay” and our professional writers will provide tailored essays within your deadline. 

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Nova Allison is a Digital Content Strategist with over eight years of experience. Nova has also worked as a technical and scientific writer. She is majorly involved in developing and reviewing online content plans that engage and resonate with audiences. Nova has a passion for writing that engages and informs her readers.

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Taking an Azimuth on the US Military’s Recruiting Crisis: What We Learned from MWI and TRADOC’s Essay Competition

Zachary Griffiths , Laura Keenan and Max Margulies | 12.20.23

“One of the toughest recruiting landscapes I’ve seen in over thirty-three years of service.” That was how Major General Johnny K. Davis, the commanding general of US Army Recruiting Command, described the challenges facing the Army during his testimony , alongside his counterparts from the Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, before the Senate Armed Services Committee earlier this month. In the wake of consecutive recruitment shortfalls, the US Army is transforming its recruitment strategy. Despite setting an ambitious target of sixty-five thousand recruits for 2023, the Army managed to secure only fifty-five thousand enlistments , further solidifying the need for a recruitment overhaul.

Recognizing the changing social and economic landscape in America, the Army is recalibrating its focus. Secretary of the Army Christine Wormuth announced sweeping changes to the recruiting enterprise on October 3, 2023. After decades of focusing almost exclusively on a traditional recruitment pool of individuals with a high school education, officials are now aiming for at least a third of all new recruits to have a college education by 2028. This shift acknowledges the evolving labor market, in which nearly 40 percent of all those between twenty-five and thirty-four years old have a bachelor’s degree or higher—up almost nine percentage points from only 2010.

But it’s not just about the who; it’s about the how. Secretary Wormuth also revealed plans to introduce a specialized “talent acquisition” enlisted occupational specialty , under the designator 42T. This move aims to transition from a transient recruiting force to a permanent, specialized team, reflecting practices in the private sector. Furthermore, US Army Recruiting Command (USAREC) is set for a significant elevation, reporting directly to the Pentagon and transitioning its leadership from a two-star to a three-star general. This reorganization will integrate the Army Enterprise Marketing Office and the Army’s Cadet Command, emphasizing the critical nature of recruitment for the Army’s future.

As the Army’s senior leaders geared up for this comprehensive overhaul of recruiting, the Modern War Institute and US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) launched an essay competition to mine the wisdom of the commons. Specifically, the prompt asked: What novel approaches can the United States military employ to solve the recruiting crisis? The responses we received describe the strategic environment and challenges against which the Army released this new recruiting plan and offer useful insights for what will surely be a continuing effort. Two rounds of judging by the essay contest committee, leaders in the recruiting enterprise, and TRADOC’s senior leaders selected our winners:

• “ Rethinking the Military’s Promotional Content Strategy to Address the Military’s Recruitment Crisis ,” by Jonathan Li and Max Xie. 
• “ Addressing Military Recruitment Challenges Through Data Sharing ,” by Jake Steel and Chad Aldeman. 
• “ Sustaining the All-Volunteer Force Means Streamlining Army Recruitment ,” by Jesus M. Feliciano and Travis M. Prendergast.

Despite this broad prompt, submissions focused overwhelmingly on the Army, though we hope the Department of Defense and the other services consider these findings as well. The number of submissions—318 in total, more than any essay competition at MWI to date—suggests passion across the military for solving this important problem. Submissions came from across the joint force, with a majority from the Army authors (249 essays), followed by the Air Force (twenty-two), the Navy (eighteen), and others.

Within these submissions, there was a varied representation of ranks, from junior enlisted personnel to senior officers, illustrating the depth and breadth of insights across the military hierarchy. Civilian perspectives also enriched the discourse, contributing twenty-four essays to the collection. A notable segment of these essays, specifically thirteen, hailed from the Army’s Recruiting Command, offering specialized insights from those with the most direct experience with the Army’s recruitment challenges. This range of backgrounds and experiences provided a comprehensive view of the challenges and potential solutions for the Army’s recruiting crisis.

From forming formidable teams at Army bases to foster recruiting to fueling the future with entrepreneur loans for veterans’ ventures to fashioning a fresh approach that applies techniques from corporations with chief marketing officers, the depth and diversity of discussions in these essays are impressive. Overall, they tend to identify two broad categories of ways the Army needs to renew its recruiting efforts. First, the Army needs to embrace new methods of communicating its message to the American public so that more people know what it can offer. Second, it needs to adopt a more diverse and creative approach to how it incentivizes people to serve.

Embrace Modern Communications Channels

One recurring challenge throughout the essays is the notion that too few people think about the army as a job option, a concept that is often referred to as the propensity for military service . The idea here is that the public lacks familiarity with military service, but if there was more high-quality information available, people would realize the military is an attractive option. A large group of essays in this vein argued for more community partnerships with the military. Current practices, such as Air Force flyovers and servicemember tributes at sporting events, do not sufficiently educate potential recruits about military life. Essays here put forth a range of recommendations, including incentivizing veterans to volunteer as mentors, embedding military liaisons within secondary and postsecondary educational institutions, and organizing military base open houses and ride-along opportunities. Such strategies not only demystify military roles but also empower potential recruits to visualize their places within the Army.

In the evolving world of recruitment, understanding and adapting to the changing educational landscape is paramount. This perspective is underscored by ten essays that highlighted the value of targeting individuals with postsecondary education. The growing prevalence of higher education in the American workforce signifies that the Army can tap into a pool of candidates with diverse skill sets and perspectives; it just needs to reach them. These individuals’ analytical skills from rigorous academic training, combined with the discipline of military life, would make them valued contributors as servicemembers.

Suggestions did not limit themselves to expanding the physical presence of the military in society. The era of digital transformation is reshaping myriad sectors, and military recruitment is no exception. Among the submissions, eighty-six insightful essays converged around the pivotal role of modern communication channels in reaching potential recruits. In particular, many essays argued for meeting Generation Z—and soon Generation Alpha—where they already are, rather than expecting them to come to the military. These approaches prioritize marketing and recruiter outreach through digital platforms, especially social media, to exploit technology to its fullest potential.

Essay authors did not fail to notice that recruiters need additional tools for these new tactics. Several thought-provoking essays suggest that USAREC should delineate its recruiters based on their aptitudes for varied roles, such as social media engagement, contact management, administrative tasks, and content creation. By fine-tuning the training of recruiters and cultivating cross-functional teams that harness these diverse talents, the Army can foster a sense of accomplishment among its recruiters while optimizing recruitment outcomes for a twenty-first-century environment.

Redefine and Diversify Recruitment Approaches

Of course, getting the message out there is only helpful if people like what they hear. Many essays provided creative suggestions for how the Army can refine its value proposition, or what if offers to potential recruits. Part of this is recognizing that there are different reasons people join the Army. While combat arms may still require the most recruits, the Army needs troops with a variety of skills. Moreover, the Army should recognize that marketing campaigns emphasizing high operational tempos and dangerous and exciting opportunities may resonate with only some recruits.

In terms of branding and marketing, some essays applauded the return of the “Be All You Can Be” campaign as a way to appeal to broader populations. Others argued for additional narratives. By tapping into the universal “ hero’s journey ” motif, Army messaging could resonate with young individuals, aligning with their intrinsic desires to chart meaningful life trajectories.

But marketing cannot do it all. The Army needs to provide a wider array of incentives to attract people who are aware of the Army but are not convinced to serve. For example, the infusion of behavioral economics principles presents an intriguing proposition for refining recruitment strategies by targeting the subconscious decision-making processes of potential recruits. One essay introduces the notion of leveraging concepts like choice architecture and availability heuristics to address the Army’s recruiting challenges. By marrying these behavioral principles with a deep understanding of the unique environment, the Army can craft impactful and resonant campaigns. Many essays argued that more flexible career options and family stability could both strengthen the force and attract more recruits—not least by reinvigorating retention rates so that current servicemembers continue to pitch the military as an attractive career option. Other insightful submissions highlighted a multifaceted approach: not just new monetary and educational incentives, but also clear career pathways, mentorship opportunities, and other intangible benefits.

These essays emphasize the critical importance of continuous training and development, not just for the recruits but also for the recruiters. One noteworthy essay detailed the advantages of ensuring recruiters, as ambassadors of the Army, are armed with the latest knowledge, skills, and tools. Revisions to USAREC career incentives and structures, many of which seem to have been included in the Army’s recent announcement, would create stronger links between recruiters and their communities, so they can better identify what works for the population they work with. The incentive structure must be diversified and enhanced, incorporating a mix of tangible rewards and intangible benefits to cater to the varied aspirations of potential recruits.

Similarly, the importance of feedback and iterative improvement was a recurring theme in three essays. One such submission championed the idea of establishing channels for recruits and recruiters to voice their experiences. This feedback, coupled with evidence-based evaluation, can ensure recruitment strategies remain both effective and relevant. The recruiting enterprise can be a data-rich environment, and it is important to maximize what we can learn from it. Structured feedback mechanisms must be firmly established, with an emphasis on consistently collecting, analyzing, and integrating feedback into the recruitment process, ensuring strategies are always aligned with the changing needs and aspirations of the modern recruit.

The United States, and especially the US Army, stands at a waypoint in its recruitment journey. The challenges faced in recent years underscore the pressing need for a comprehensive overhaul of its recruitment strategies. As the United States’ social, political, and economic systems evolve, so too must the Army’s approach to attracting the best and brightest to its ranks. The essays submitted in response to MWI and TRADOC’s prompt have illuminated a rich tapestry of insights, strategies, and innovative solutions. They emphasize the importance of modern communication channels and the need to diversify recruitment approaches.

The Army’s recent announcements, including the shift toward recruiting more individuals with more advanced education and the introduction of specialized talent acquisition teams, are promising steps in the right direction. The journey doesn’t end here, but perhaps that is where it starts. The wealth of ideas presented in the essay competition serves as a testament to the collective wisdom and commitment of both military and civilian thinkers. Although only three winners were selected, our judges read all submissions carefully, and appreciated the view that these submissions provided in aggregate. Submissions not selected provide a collective azimuth to guide recruiting efforts into the future. Thanks to those who submitted.

As the Army embarks on this transformative journey, it must remain open to these diverse perspectives, ensuring that its recruitment strategies not only are effective but also resonate with the aspirations and values of the next generation. The future of the US Army, and by extension the nation’s security, hinges on its ability to adapt, innovate, and inspire.

Zachary Griffiths is a major in the United States Army and the director of the Harding Project to renew professional military writing.

Laura Keenan is a lieutenant colonel in the District of Columbia Army National Guard. She is a United States Military Academy graduate and a distinguished graduate of the National War College. In her civilian career, she has worked at LinkedIn for almost seven years in sales and employer branding.

Max Margulies is an assistant professor and director of research at the Modern War Institute at West Point.

Special thanks to Lieutenant Colonel TJ Spolizino, Lieutenant Colonel Adriana Ramirez-Scott, and Lieutenant Colonel Ryan Pallas for reviewing essays.

The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official position of the United States Military Academy, Department of the Army, or Department of Defense.

Image credit: Sgt. Jared Simmons, US Army

I have a solution to the problem, it’s brilliant. I recommend making service a requirement for years for all citizens starting at age eighteen military & medical service.

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The articles and other content which appear on the Modern War Institute website are unofficial expressions of opinion. The views expressed are those of the authors, and do not reflect the official position of the United States Military Academy, Department of the Army, or Department of Defense.

The Modern War Institute does not screen articles to fit a particular editorial agenda, nor endorse or advocate material that is published. Rather, the Modern War Institute provides a forum for professionals to share opinions and cultivate ideas. Comments will be moderated before posting to ensure logical, professional, and courteous application to article content.

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