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My research is in software engineering, but in a sub-field which is very close to social science. My papers normally contain sentences like "We conducted a study with 56 participants." and "Our previous study showed that [some assumptions are true]" and "We chose to use Cramer's V as the association measure, because [explanation why we thought it is better than other association measures]".
Now that I am close to my Ph.D. thesis, I am writing more texts alone, and the thesis is legally required to be my own work. So "we" is factually wrong. But using "I" feels immodest, and it is certainly unusual. But I don't know how to change my texts to avoid it.
I can't imagine how to apply the advice from that other answer to my case. "One conducted a study with 56 participants"? "The conducted study had 56 participants"? "A study was conducted, with 56 participants"? Unlike describing a mathematical proof, these sentences sound terrible. And how to explain my decision to use Cramer's V, when it is based on personal opinion?
Any advice how to deal with the matter outside of the world of mathematical proofs?
Another example why "I" might be needed. It is not only vanity; in the not-so-exact sciences there is sometimes lots of leeway involved. Say that I code some data. This is a very subjective process, and can be error prone. It is important for the readers to know that a coding was done by a single person, as this is considered less reliable than having somebody else repeat it and discuss any differences, and also because the coder has to take responsibility for any unusual decisions or errors.
There is a more general question on the same topic. But the accepted and highly-upvoted answer is from the point of view of a mathematician, it says that the writing style is best constrained to declarative sentences such as "Since p, it follows that q.".
The use of the authorial 'we' is very common in academia even for single-author papers, as argued by many and properly referenced in the other question that you mention.
Personally, I would keep 'we' also for the thesis without bothering. I doubt anyone would misunderstand, but if you wish you can include a quick remark in the introduction: something like Despite the use of the 'authorial we', common in academia, this thesis is the sole work of its author . In many cases you are required to state that you are the only author anyway in some boilerplate forms in the front matter.
This looks much better to my eye than changing every sentence to a contorted passive form. Readability matters.
There are customs and habits that differ between disciplines, between research groups and between individuals. I would endeavour to claim that the trend is away from passive phrased (e.g. "was made" etc.) to active we and I but perhaps also from royal we's and expressions such as "this author" in favour for being to the point using "I". The key, however, lies in how the "I" is used. (in fact, "this author" may even be confused by the author of the latest referenced paper)
If you write a paper you can safely use I whenever you report on things you in particular have done. In methods sections, it concerns the choices of methods you (and nobody else) has made and in the results section it concerns the results you (and nobody else) has obtained and your choice which ones to highlight. In the discussion section you can use "I" whenever you make a point that you stand by, you can use we in parts where you perform a discussion with the reader; we meaning you and the reader. In short, the "I" signals your contributions and puts you (and nobody else) on the spot for criticism. So as I see it "I" is not a way to brag (which seems to scare many), it is exposing the fact that you alone stand for what is written.
I suggest you try to find good (recommended by peers) papers written in different styles and think about the styles with the aim of finding your own comfort zone. It is a matter of style, not right and wrong.
To cap off I want to highlight a couple of books that I personally, being a non-native English speaker, have found very useful:
Glasman-Deal, H., 2012. Science research writing for non-native speakers of English. Imperial College Press, London
Day, R.A. & Sakaduski, N., 2011. Scientific English. A guide for scientists and other professionals. Greenwood, Santa Barbara CA
I'm not sure about the conventions in social science, but the problem seems to be very close to what natural scientists face when writing a methods section, i.e., how an experiment was performed. If you look into the publications, you will see that these sections are almost exclusively written in the passive voice. The idea behind it is to take away the focus from the subject performing the experiment, putting more emphasis on tthe process instead. So you examples would become:
"Our previous study" is still fine, when the previous study has several authors.
I am in cognitive psychology and frequently use, "In the present investigation." There are sometimes workarounds you can use to avoid passive voice such as, "56 adults participated in this study."
I want to add two thoughts based on APA style . While the passive voice may help in some circumstances (as demonstrated in other answers), overuse of the passive is sometimes considered bad style. The Publication Manual of the APA (6th) even says on page 77:
Prefer the active voice.
Furthermore, the APA manual contains something about attribution on page 69.
Inappropriately or illogically attributing action in an effort to be objective can be misleading.
Thus, if you did something, it may even be misleading if this information is hidden using some stilted writing. And APA explicitly mentions the usage of I for single-author pieces on page 69:
For clarity, restrict your use of we to refer only to yourself and your coauthors (use I if you are the sole author of the paper).
In summary, I think a good balance of passive and active is considered good style, and the usage of I (where appropriate) is slowly becoming acceptable.
If any co-authors, you need to use we since the readers don't know who the I is.
Use I, as needed for sole author pubs. I like I because it is a strong statement--there is a definite person to hold responsible. Don't use "we" if there are no co-authors (what you got a mouse in your pocket?) If you feel too hesitant about a bold I (or get static) than go to passive voice. But a "we" for a sole article is distracting.
Do not use I when it makes more sense to make the objects of the research, the subject of the sentences. For example NOT "I observed pitching as the stall angle was approached", but "the model started pitching near the listed stall angle, about 35 degrees". The reason is not for modesty but because (a) it is tighter writing and (b) the proper attention is on the model in the wind tunnel--your observation is not the point, here.
I recommend to avoid the passive voice, but some people will recommend it or expect it. Certainly if an editor requires it, just do it, don't argue. "The reactants were combined in a boiling flask..." Note, it does have the benefit of putting the attention on the science, not on you as an actor.
Some math writing uses we because the reader is included as an observer in a derivation, "after completing the square, we see...blabla".
I asked my supervisor directly. She said that she is OK with using "I" in the dissertation, but that it is "uncommon" to use it in articles. As she is always a co-author on our papers, I guess none of her students had to deal with the problem in the context of an article anyway :) And because she did not mention internal reports even though I specifically asked about them, I think that she doesn't care what I use in them.
This is just the opinion of one professor, and the answers here show me that there doesn't seem to be a good convention. So, my take-home message from the whole problem would be: ask your professor, he will probably have a position on it and it is wise for you as a student to follow it.
I'm facing the same problem, though in German language/natural science (conventions may vary somewhat).
The main problem with the passive construction is that it doesn't say at all who did it. Consider:
The algorithm was implemented.
How can the reader be sure it was you as opposed to your colleague giving you his code (particulary, if the corresponding paper is authored by multiple coauthors)? I'm told I cannot expect the reader to look up the source where the author is explicitly stated.
So for some (ver key points where I need to make really sure everyone gets the fact that I actually did work myself that is fairly common (e.g. in other groups in my field) to be done by colleagues, collaboration partners, students or technicians I use "I" even though is so uncommon that I get comments about the use of "I".
Assuming that commonly studies like the one with 56 participants have someone planning it, someone (else) doing the experiments/collecting the data, and someone (yet else) analyzing the data: make sure you properly acknowledge the contributions of your collaborators in the acknowledgements.
You can also use constructions like:
A study with 56 participants was conducted [ref]. This thesis focuses on [whichever part you did]
Otherwise, "This thesis shows that..." or
Throughout this thesis, Cramer's V is used as the association measure, because ...
get you a long way.
We in PhD thesis typically mean: I am as an author and you as the reader . It is used in the sense that we together explore the topic . And it is just a kind of writing style to incorporate the reader.
Writing "We conducted a study with 56 participants" or "our previous study" can be considered as a bad writing style. Since it has not the same meaning and could be easily transferred in passive voice.
Not the answer you're looking for browse other questions tagged publications writing thesis grammar ..
Research | american thesaurus.
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A transition is a change from one idea to another idea in writing or speaking and can be achieved using transition terms or phrases. These transitions are usually placed at the beginning of sentences, independent clauses, and paragraphs and thus establish a specific relationship between ideas or groups of ideas. Transitions are used to enhance cohesion in your paper and make its logical development clearer to readers.
Transitions accomplish many different objectives. We can divide all transitions into four basic categories:
These terms signal that new information is being added (between both sentences and paragraphs), introduce or highlight information, refer to something that was just mentioned, add a similar situation, or identify certain information as important.
Adding Information | Also; Additionally; Furthermore; Moreover | In addition to; As well as; In fact; Not only…but also; As a matter of fact | “ , the data shows that X is a significant factor.”“ the above-mentioned study, Rogers also presents…” |
Introducing/Highlighting | Particularly; Notably; Especially; Significantly | For example/instance; To illustrate; In particular; One example (of this is) | “ , only two species of this fish survive.”“ phenomenon is X.” |
Referencing | Considering (this); Concerning (this); Regarding (this) | As for (this); The fact that; With regards to (this); On the subject of (this); Looking at (this information); With reference to (something) | “ the amount of research in this area, little evidence has been found.” “ the Blue Whale, its teeth are also the largest of any mammal.” |
Showing Similarity | Similarly; Likewise; Equally; | By the same token; In the same way; In a similar way | “ the algorithm was applied to Y.”“ this principle can be applied to Z.” |
Clarifying/Identifying Important Information | Specifically; Namely | That is (to say); In other words; (To) put (it) another way; What this means is; This means (that) | “There are two factors: , X and Y.”“ , the fall of the Empire was caused by over-expansion.” |
These terms and phrases distinguish facts, arguments, and other information, whether by contrasting and showing differences; by conceding points or making counterarguments; by dismissing the importance of a fact or argument; or replacing and suggesting alternatives.
Contrasting/ Showing conflict | But; Still; However; While; Whereas; Conversely; (and) yet | In contrast; On the contrary; On the other hand; …when in fact; By way of contrast | “ there is still more research needed.”“ the 1997 study does not recognize these outcomes.” |
Distinguishing/ Emphasizing | Indeed; Besides; Significantly; Primarily | Even more; Above all; More/Most importantly | “ a placebo is essential to any pharmaceutical study.”“ the X enzyme increased.” |
Conceding a point | Nevertheless; Nonetheless; Although; Despite (this); However; Regardless (of this); Admittedly | Even so; Even though; In spite of (this); Notwithstanding (this); Be that as it may | “ X is still an important factor.”“ New York still has a high standard of living.”“ this may be true, there are still other factors to consider.” |
Dismissing an argument or assertion | Regardless (of) | Either way; In any case; In any event; Whatever happens; All the same; At any rate | “ of the result, this fact is true.”“ the effect is the same.”“ this will not change the public’s view.” |
Replacing/ Indicating an Alternative | Instead (of); (or) rather; | (or) at least | “ using X, the scientists used Z.”“ why not implement a brand new policy?” |
These terms and phrases signal the reasons, conditions, purposes, circumstances, and cause-and-effect relationships. These transitions often come after an important point in the research paper has been established or to explore hypothetical relationships or circumstances.
Showing Cause or Reason | Since; For; As; Because (of the fact that) | Due to (the fact that); For the reason that; Owing to (the fact); Inasmuch as | “ the original sample group was too small, researchers called for more participants.”“ funding will be cut in half.” |
Explaining the Conditions | If…then; Unless; Granting (that); Granted (that); Provided (that) | In the event that; As/So long as; Only if | “ these conditions change, more will need to be done.”“ there is oxygen, there will be oxygenation.” |
Showing the Effects/Results | Consequently; Therefore; Thus; Accordingly; Because (of this) | As a result (of this); For this reason; As a consequence; So much (so) that | “ we can conclude that this was an asymmetric catalysis.”“ many consumers began to demand safer products.” |
Showing the Purpose | For the purpose(s) of; With (this fact) in mind; In the hope that; In order that/to; So as to | “ following standards, X rule was observed.”“ this study focused on preservation.” | |
Highlighting the Importance of Circumstances | Otherwise | Under those circumstances; That being the case; In that case; If so; All else being equal | “ this effect will continue into the future.”“ the economic impact of this law seems positive.” |
These transition terms and phrases organize your paper by numerical sequence; by showing continuation in thought or action; by referring to previously-mentioned information; by indicating digressions; and, finally, by concluding and summing up your paper. Sequential transitions are essential to creating structure and helping the reader understand the logical development through your paper’s methods, results, and analysis.
Organizing by Number | Initially; Secondly; Thirdly; (First/Second/Third); Last | First of all; To start with; In the (first/second/third) place | “ subjects were asked to write their names.”“ dolphins are the smartest creatures in the sea.” |
Showing Continuation | Subsequently; Previously; Afterwards; Eventually; Next; After (this) | “ subjects were taken to their rooms.”“ they were asked about their experiences.” | |
Summarizing/ Repeating Information | (Once) again; Summarizing (this) | To repeat; As (was) stated before; As (was) mentioned earlier/above | “ this data, it becomes evident that there is a pattern.”“ pollution has become an increasing problem.” |
Digression/Resumption | Incidentally; Coincidentally; Anyway | By the way; to resume; Returning to the subject; At any rate | “ the methods used in the two studies were similar.”“ this section will analyze the results.” |
Concluding/ Summarizing | Thus; Hence; Ultimately; Finally; Therefore; Altogether; Overall; Consequently | To conclude; As a final point; In conclusion; Given these points; In summary; To sum up | “ these results will be valuable to the study of X.”“ there are three things to keep in mind—A, B, and C.” |
Transitions are commonplace elements in writing, but they are also powerful tools that can be abused or misapplied if one isn’t careful. Here are some ways to ensure you are using transitions effectively.
For more helpful information on academic writing and the journal publication process, visit Wordvice’s Academic Resources Page. And be sure to check out Wordvice’s professional English editing services if you are looking for paper editing and proofreading after composing your academic document.
Wrapping up a presentation or a paper can be deceptively difficult. It seems like it should be easy—after all, your goal is to summarize the ideas you’ve already presented and possibly make a call to action. You don’t have to find new information; you just have to share what you already know.
Here’s where it gets tricky, though. Oftentimes, it turns out that the hardest part about writing a good conclusion is avoiding repetition.
That’s where we can help, at least a little bit. When it comes to using a transition word or phrase to kick off your conclusion, the phrase in conclusion is frequently overused. It’s easy to understand why—it is straightforward. But there are far more interesting and attention-grabbing words and phrases you can use in your papers and speeches to signal that you have reached the end.
One of the simplest synonyms of in conclusion is in summary . This transition phrase signals that you are going to briefly state the main idea or conclusion of your research. Like in conclusion , it is formal enough to be used both when writing an academic paper and when giving a presentation.
A less formal version of in summary is to sum up . While this phrase expresses the same idea, it's more commonly found in oral presentations rather than written papers in this use.
A conclusion doesn't simply review the main idea or argument of a presentation. In some cases, a conclusion includes a more complete assessment of the evidence presented. For example, in some cases, you might choose to briefly review the chain of logic of an argument to demonstrate how you reached your conclusion. In these instances, the expressions let's review or to review are good signposts.
The transition phrases let's review and to review are most often used in spoken presentations, not in written papers. Unlike the other examples we have looked at, let's review is a complete sentence on its own.
A classy alternative to in conclusion , both in papers and presentations, is in closing . It is a somewhat formal expression, without being flowery. This transition phrase is especially useful for the last or penultimate sentence of a conclusion. It is a good way to signal that you are nearly at the bitter end of your essay or speech. A particularly common way to use in closing is to signal in an argumentative piece that you are about to give your call to action (what you want your audience to do).
The expression in a nutshell is a cute and informal metaphor used to indicate that you are about to give a short summary. (Imagine you're taking all of the information and shrinking it down so it can fit in a nutshell.) It's appropriate to use in a nutshell both in writing and in speeches, but it should be avoided in contexts where you're expected to use a serious, formal register .
The expression in a nutshell can also be used to signal you've reached the end of a summarized story or argument that you are relating orally, as in "That's the whole story, in a nutshell."
Another informal expression that signals you're about to give a short summary is to make a long story short , sometimes abbreviated to simply long story short. The implication of this expression is that a lengthy saga has been cut down to just the most important facts. (Not uncommonly, long story short is used ironically to indicate that a story has, in fact, been far too long and detailed.)
Because it is so casual, long story short is most often found in presentations rather than written papers. Either the full expression or the shortened version are appropriate, as long as there isn't an expectation that you be formal with your language.
If using a transitional expression doesn't appeal to you, and you would rather stick to a straightforward transition word, you have quite a few options. We are going to cover a couple of the transition words you may choose to use to signal you are wrapping up, either when giving a presentation or writing a paper.
The first term we are going to look at is ultimately . Ultimately is an adverb that means "in the end; at last; finally." Typically, you will want to use it in the first or last sentence of your conclusion. Like in closing , it is particularly effective at signaling a call to action.
Another transition word that is good for conclusions is lastly , an adverb meaning "in conclusion; in the last place; finally." Lastly can be used in informational or argumentative essays or speeches. It is a way to signal that you are about to provide the last point in your summary or argument. The word lastly is most often used in the first or last sentence of a conclusion.
The word overall is particularly good for summing up an idea or argument as part of your conclusion. Meaning "covering or including everything," overall is a bit like a formal synonym for "in a nutshell."
Unlike the other examples we have looked at in this slideshow, it is not unusual for overall to be found at the end of a sentence, rather than only at the beginning.
Using traditional language like the options we have outlined so far is not your only choice when it comes to crafting a strong conclusion. If you are writing an argumentative essay or speech, you might also choose to end with one or a short series of open-ended or leading questions. These function as a creative call to action and leave the audience thinking about the arguments you have made.
In many cases, these questions begin with a WH-word , such as who or what. The specifics will vary spending on the argument being made, but here are a few general examples:
Before we wrap up, we want to leave you with one last alternative for in conclusion . The expression on a final note signals that you are about to give your final point or argument. On a final note is formal enough to be used both in writing and in speeches. In fact, it can be used in a speech as a natural way to transition to your final thank yous.
The next time you are working on a conclusion and find yourself stuck for inspiration, try out some of these expressions. After all, there is always more than one way to write an ending.
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“According to” is a useful phrase, but be careful not to overuse it in your writing. Below, you’ll find 11 other ways to say “according to.”
According to is a preposition used to state what someone else has said. It also means “agreeing with, following, or depending on something else.”
According to is a phrase that has a few different uses. It means “in conformity with” and also “depending on.” But it’s also commonly used when writers need to credit a quote, fact, statement, data, or any other source of information to someone (or something) else.
This phrase can be found at the beginning or towards the end of sentences.
According to the results of the study, there is an increase in resistance to antibiotics.
There is an increase in resistance to antibiotics, according to the results of the study.
If you’re writing a college essay or any other type of text that relies heavily on other sources, you may find yourself repeating this phrase too often. To vary vocabulary within your writing, you can use the following according to synonyms.
Before we go over other ways to say according to , it’s worth mentioning that an excellent alternative is to simply rewrite the text to be more direct. Here’s an example:
According to Dr. Joseph, the fracture will not heal properly if Jacob doesn’t get enough rest. ↓ Dr. Joseph warned that the fracture will not heal properly if Jacob doesn’t get enough rest.
But if you’re in need of other ways to say according to, we’ve got you covered.
According to the contract, both parties will split the profit. ↓ As stated in the contract, both parties will split the profit.
According to the lawyers, both parties will split the profit. ↓ As stated by the lawyers, both parties will split the profit.
According to the professor, the first two years of college are crucial. ↓ As explained by the professor, the first two years of college are crucial.
According to the data, there has been a decrease in the gazelle’s natural habitat. ↓ Based on the data, there has been a decrease in the gazelle’s natural habitat.
There was nothing to report, according to the student who witnessed the incident. ↓ There was nothing to report, per the student who witnessed the incident.
According to the Little Town Times, the holiday parade will take place this upcoming Sunday. ↓ As mentioned in Little Town Times, the holiday parade will take place this upcoming Sunday.
According to Claire Luna, the holiday parade will take place this upcoming Sunday. ↓ As mentioned by Claire Luna, the holiday party will take place this upcoming Sunday.
According to the trial, the side effects are minimal. ↓ As indicated in the study, the side effects are minimal.
According to the lead scientist, the benefits far outweigh the risk. ↓ As indicated by the lead scientist, the benefits far outweigh the risk.
According to my younger cousins, Christmas is the best holiday. ↓ From the point of view of my younger cousins, Christmas is the best holiday.
According to Sergeant Culpepper, the entire team has to stay overnight. ↓ On the authority of Sergeant Culpepper, the entire team has to stay overnight.
The proposal has been submitted according to the instructions. ↓ The proposal has been submitted pursuant to the instructions.
According to the presentation, remodeling is crucial for the foundation. ↓ As demonstrated by the presentation, remodeling is crucial for the foundation.
According to fitness experts, a healthy and wholesome diet is just as important as exercise. ↓ As maintained by fitness experts, a healthy and wholesome diet is just as important as exercise.
Seeking other ways to say according to is a great way to make sure your writing is effective. After all, a strong and varied vocabulary is one of the pillars of successful writing.
You’ll also want to ensure that your grammar and punctuation are error-free. LanguageTool—a multilingual text editor— can help with this. LanguageTool can correct different types of mistakes, but it can also offer stylistic improvements and help rephrase your sentences to be more formal, fluent, or concise. Start writing flawlessly today !
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Q&A for work
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Is it recommended to use "we" in research papers? If not, should I always use passive voice?
We is used in papers with multiple authors. Even in papers having only one author/researcher, we is used to draw the reader into the discussion at hand. Moreover, there are several ways to avoid using the passive voice in the absence of we . On the one hand, there are many instances where the passive voice cannot be avoided, while, on the other, we can also be overused to the point of irritation. Variety is indeed the spice of a well written scientific paper, but the bottom line is to convey the information as succinctly as possible.
APA (The American Psychology Association) has the following to say about the use of "we" (p. 69-70).
To avoid ambiguity, use a personal pronoun rather than the third person when describing steps taken in your experiment. Correct: "We reviewed the literature." Incorrect: "The authors reviewed the literature." [...] For clarity, restrict your use of "we" to refer only to yourself and your coauthors (use "I" if you are the sole author of the paper). Broader uses of "we" may leave your readers wondering to whom you are referring; instead, substitute an appropriate noun or clarity your usage: Correct: "Researchers usually classify birdsong on the basis of frequency and temporal structure of the elements. Incorrect: "We usually classify birdsong on the basis of frequency and temporal structure of the elements" Some alternatives to "we" to consider are "people", "humans", "researchers", "psychologists", "nurses", and so on. "We" is an appropriate and useful referent: Correct: "As behaviorists, we tend to dispute... Incorrect: "We tend to dispute..."
It's definitely OK to use "we" in research papers. I edit them professionally and see it used frequently.
However, many papers with multiple authors use such constructions as "the investigators," or "the researchers." In practice, there really aren't that many occasions when the authors of a scientific paper need to refer to themselves as agents. It happens, sure. But not that often.
Rather, the Introduction, Methods, Results, and Conclusion sections should speak for themselves. Any reference to the authors should be minimal as except in rare cases they are not germane to the findings.
207 other terms for in this paper - words and phrases with similar meaning.
The word “because” is used to join two ideas and express cause and effect:
The lemonade fizzed because we shook the bottle.
However, if you find yourself overusing the word “because,” there are alternatives available. We’re going to look at some here.
Instead of “because,” you could use any of the following terms (although this may depend on the context). Consider using…
Used as conjunctions, these are the simplest alternatives to “because.” They often work as substitutes without having to change the rest of the sentence:
The lemonade fizzed, since we shook the bottle.
The lemonade fizzed, as we shook the bottle.
These alternatives all require changing the sentence slightly. Here, for example, we need to use the term “shaking” rather than “shook”:
The lemonade fizzed due to shaking the bottle.
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The lemonade fizzed on account of shaking the bottle.
The lemonade fizzed as a result of shaking the bottle.
In these phrases, the sentence must be reversed, with the cause coming first:
We shook the bottle, which meant that the lemonade fizzed.
We shook the bottle, which made the lemonade fizz.
In this version, we need to swap ‘fizzed’ for the infinitive ‘to fizz’.
We shook the bottle, which caused the lemonade to fizz.
Using some of these alternatives will be a great way to show off your vocabulary. They will also vary the rhythm of your text and engage the reader much more, enhancing readability.
Using a word repeatedly in a paper can make you seem unimaginative. It could also make your work dull to read. If you need help finding other words to use, or if you are not sure that you have used these words correctly, simply upload your document to be proofread within 24 hours!
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Provides clarification, similar to "in other words.". Example The reaction is exothermic; that is to say, it releases heat. 13. To put it simply. Simplifies a complex idea, often for a more general readership. Example The universe is vast; to put it simply, it is larger than anything we can truly imagine. 14.
Synonyms for RESEARCH: investigation, inquiry, study, exploration, examination, probing, probe, inspection, inquisition, delving
I. Benefits of Alternative Words: More precise language can be employed. An opportunity to demonstrate understanding of subject matter. Clarity for readers about specific interpretations. . For example, instead of using "in-depth" one could opt for more descriptive phrasing like "comprehensive" or "detailed". Likewise by replacing ...
Synonyms for Research Paper (other words and phrases for Research Paper). Synonyms for Research paper. 330 other terms for research paper- words and phrases with similar meaning. Lists. synonyms. antonyms. definitions. sentences. thesaurus. words. phrases. Parts of speech. nouns. Tags. answer. reaction. reply. suggest new.
Find 14 different ways to say RESEARCH PAPER, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
Find 1,723 synonyms for research and other similar words that you can use instead based on 15 separate contexts from our thesaurus. What's another word for ... position paper. survey. booklet. brochure. vignette. explication. textual examination. critical essay. exercise. task. presentation.
Find 33 different ways to say RESEARCH, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
Wordvice provides high-quality English proofreading and editing services.We have helped thousands of researchers, students, writers, and businesses maximize the impact of their writing. Here are 100+ active verbs to make your research writing more engaging. Includes additional tops to improve word and phrase choices.
There are customs and habits that differ between disciplines, between research groups and between individuals. I would endeavour to claim that the trend is away from passive phrased (e.g. "was made" etc.) to active we and I but perhaps also from royal we's and expressions such as "this author" in favour for being to the point using "I".
RESEARCH - Synonyms, related words and examples | Cambridge English Thesaurus
When you find a suitable place where a transition could connect ideas, establish relationships, and make it easier for the reader to understand your point, use the list to find a suitable transition term or phrase. Similarly, if you have repeated some terms again and again, find a substitute transition from the list and use that instead.
Concluding your paper or presentation can feel redundant if you always say "in conclusion." These alternatives will help you end your project with style.
IV. Examples of Appropriate Use of Synonyms in Research Papers. In research papers, it is essential to appropriately use synonyms when discussing similar topics. Using the same term repeatedly can lead to confusion and make a paper seem monotonous. To avoid this issue, many authors employ various words that mean the same thing in different ...
I have two paragraphs in my paper, the previous paragraph ends with . This shows that TF-IDF is still an important feature for text analysis task. and my next paragraph starts with . On the other hand, various studies suggested that LDA may not work on short documents due to insufficient context
For students engaging in academic research, understanding and effectively using synonyms is an important part of the writing process. Synonyms are words that have similar meanings; they can be used to communicate complex ideas without repeating yourself or seeming repetitive. In this article we will explore how discovering different synonyms ...
11 "According To" Synonyms. Before we go over other ways to say according to, it's worth mentioning that an excellent alternative is to simply rewrite the text to be more direct.Here's an example: According to Dr. Joseph, the fracture will not heal properly if Jacob doesn't get enough rest. ↓ Dr. Joseph warned that the fracture will not heal properly if Jacob doesn't get enough rest.
We is used in papers with multiple authors. Even in papers having only one author/researcher, we is used to draw the reader into the discussion at hand. Moreover, there are several ways to avoid using the passive voice in the absence of we.On the one hand, there are many instances where the passive voice cannot be avoided, while, on the other, we can also be overused to the point of irritation.
See why leading organizations rely on MasterClass for learning & development. "Such as" is a common adverb for introducing examples and lists in English sentences. Learn different ways to say or write "such as," along with synonyms for the term.
in light of the research. according to scholarly inquiry. as per scientific findings. based on empirical evidence. following scientific analysis. in conformity with experimental data. in keeping with academic studies. in light of investigations. in line with scholarly research.
in the diary. in the document. in the newspaper. in the paper. in the present article. in the present disclosure. in the present document. in the present investigation. in the present note.
Instead of "because," you could use any of the following terms (although this may depend on the context). Consider using… Since/As. Used as conjunctions, these are the simplest alternatives to "because." They often work as substitutes without having to change the rest of the sentence: The lemonade fizzed, since we shook the bottle.