https://graphicmama.com/login
N.B. Sometimes, there is no author mentioned. In such cases, we proceed in two ways:
(Graphic Mama, 2022) | |
Graphic Mama(2022, June 22). [PowerPoint slides]. Faculty of Design, Graphic Mama University of Design Varna. https://graphicmama.com/login |
What we have done is we have replaced the author’s name with the name of the organization that has published the report.
, 2022 | |
[PowerPoint slides] (2022, June 22). Faculty of Design, Graphic Mama University of Design Varna. https://graphicmama.com/login |
In case there’s an unknown author, we replace their name with the title.
In case your PowerPoint slide is inaccessible to readers, then you have the option to cite the source as personal communication. Let’s see how this happens.
During the presentation, Peterson made a prediction that low-fare airlines will become dominant by 2030 (personal communication, June 3, 2022).
You can add personal communication citations in parentheses somewhere in the text but not in the reference list, as the original source cannot be directly tracked.
Sometimes, a slide during a presentation makes a great impression and you want to add it to your sources. When this happens, it’s better to cite the original source, rather than the PowerPoint slide itself, because of the requirements we discussed in 3.1.1.
If you want to learn how to cite a picture in PowerPoint in APA format, then you should apply some different techniques. What you need to do first is to have a very detailed look at the terms and conditions of the original image. Some images require attribution while others don’t.
Once you insert the image, you need to then create a new text box, align it at the center and write the following:
Figure 1. Image Description. Adapted from SOURCE . Retrieved from SOURCE LINK. Copyright by COMPANY NAME COPYRIGHTS (located at the bottom).
Let’s see how it’s done in practice.
Figure 1. Carbon Footprint and Renewable Energy. Adapted from GraphicMama. Retrieved from https://graphicmama.com/design-bundle/infographic-template-collection#flat-tree-vector-ecology-infographic-template. Copyright by © 2022 GraphicMama.com
Learning how to cite a PowerPoint presentation correctly is crucial if you are submitting your thesis or working on a serious project. The APA style has specific rules that should be followed for your presentations or paper dissertations to look formatted and credible.
If you found our content useful, why don’t you check some of our other tutorials related to PowerPoint and presentations in general:
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The APA manual does not have a section on how to format a PowerPoint presentation, but y ou can follow APA style guidelines within your PowerPoint . For example:
How to cite PowerPoint slides in your References List
You will use the following format to cite PowerPoint slides:
Author, A. A. (year). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Website Name. https://xxxxx
Please note that “if the slides come from a classroom website, learning management system [e.g., Blackboard], or company intranet and you are writing for an audience with access to that resource, provide the name of the site and its URL (use the login page URL for sites requiring login)” (APA, 2020, p. 347). Don't forget to indent the second and subsequent lines.
Goodwin University. (n.d.). Social media and marketing communications: Written/Oral project outline . [PowerPoint slides]. Blackboard. https://goodwin.blackboard.com
If you are working on an academic paper that requires the use of PowerPoint presentations as sources of information, it is important to know how to properly cite them in APA 7 style. This article will provide you with a comprehensive guide on how to cite PowerPoint presentations in APA 7, including step-by-step instructions, best practices, common mistakes to avoid, and examples of APA 7 citations for different types of PowerPoint presentations.
Table of Contents
APA citation style is one of the most commonly used styles in academic writing. It is used to provide references to sources of information cited in the text of a paper. APA citation style is often used in the social sciences but can be used in other disciplines as well. The purpose of APA citation style is to give credit to the original authors of the information used in a paper, and to allow readers to locate the sources of information used in the paper.
One of the key features of APA citation style is the use of in-text citations. In-text citations are brief references to sources of information that are included within the body of the paper. These citations typically include the author’s last name and the year of publication, and are enclosed in parentheses. In-text citations allow readers to quickly and easily locate the sources of information used in a paper, and also help to avoid plagiarism.
In addition to in-text citations, APA citation style also requires a list of references at the end of the paper. This list includes all of the sources of information cited in the paper, and provides readers with the information they need to locate these sources. The reference list is typically organized alphabetically by the author’s last name, and includes the full citation information for each source, such as the title of the article or book, the name of the publisher, and the date of publication.
PowerPoint presentations are a popular source of information used in academic papers, particularly in fields such as business, education, and social sciences. They can contain a wide range of information, including statistics, visual aids, and text. When citing a PowerPoint presentation as a source of information in a paper, it is important to provide the necessary information for readers to locate and verify the information used.
It is important to note that not all PowerPoint presentations are created equal in terms of their reliability as a source of information. Presentations created by reputable organizations or individuals with expertise in the subject matter are generally more reliable than those created by individuals with little to no expertise. Additionally, it is important to critically evaluate the information presented in a PowerPoint presentation, as it may contain biases or inaccuracies.
The following is a step-by-step guide on how to properly cite a PowerPoint presentation in APA 7:
It is important to note that if the PowerPoint presentation is not publicly available, it should be treated as a personal communication and not included in the reference list. Instead, it should be cited in-text only.
Additionally, if the PowerPoint presentation includes images or graphics that were not created by the author or presenter, it is important to properly cite the source of those images or graphics within the presentation itself, as well as in the reference list.
If the PowerPoint presentation was created by an individual author or group, the citation format is as follows:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year of Publication). Title of presentation [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Event, Location. URL or doi
For example:
Smith, J. D. & Johnson, L. (2019). The Role of Social Media in Business [PowerPoint presentation]. Annual Business Conference, San Francisco, CA. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.008
It is important to note that if the PowerPoint presentation was retrieved from a database or online source, the citation format may differ. In this case, the citation should include the name of the database or website, as well as the date of retrieval.
Additionally, if the PowerPoint presentation includes images, graphs, or other visual aids that were not created by the author or group, it is important to provide proper attribution for those sources as well.
When the PowerPoint presentation does not have a specific author or group name, the title of the presentation is used in place of the author’s name. The citation format for such a presentation is as follows:
Title of presentation. (Year of Publication). [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Event, Location. URL or doi
The Effects of Climate Change on the World Economy. (2020). [PowerPoint presentation]. Climate Change and Business Seminar, Online. http://www.climatechange.org/seminars/2020
It is important to note that if the PowerPoint presentation is not publicly accessible, such as if it was presented in a closed conference or meeting, it should not be included in the reference list. Instead, it can be cited as a personal communication in the text of the document.
If you use a direct quote from a PowerPoint presentation in your paper, you need to include the slide number where the quote appears. The citation format for a direct quote from a PowerPoint presentation is as follows:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year of Publication). Title of presentation [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Event, Location. Slide Number. URL or doi
Smith, J. D. & Johnson, L. (2019). The Role of Social Media in Business [PowerPoint presentation]. Annual Business Conference, San Francisco, CA. Slide 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.008
It is important to note that if the PowerPoint presentation is not available online, you should include the name of the organization or individual who provided you with the presentation instead of the URL or doi. Additionally, if the presentation includes multiple authors, you should list all of their names in the citation.
Another thing to keep in mind is that if you are citing a direct quote from a speaker during a live presentation, you should include the speaker’s name in the citation instead of the author’s name. The citation format for a direct quote from a live presentation is as follows:
Speaker, A. A. (Year of Presentation). Title of presentation [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Event, Location. Slide Number.
When citing a PowerPoint presentation in an academic paper, there are some best practices to follow:
It is important to note that when citing a PowerPoint presentation, you should include the name of the presenter, the date of the presentation, and the title of the presentation. Additionally, if the presentation was retrieved online, you should include the URL or DOI.
Another best practice is to provide context for the information used from the PowerPoint presentation. This can be done by including a brief summary or explanation of the slide or information used in the presentation.
There are some common mistakes to avoid when citing a PowerPoint presentation in APA 7, including:
It is also important to note that when citing a PowerPoint presentation, you should include the author’s name, the date of the presentation, and the title of the presentation in italics. Additionally, if the presentation was retrieved online, you should include the URL or DOI. Failing to include any of these elements can result in an incomplete or incorrect citation.
Here are some examples of APA 7 citations for different types of PowerPoint presentations:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B. (Year of Publication). Title of presentation [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Conference, Location. doi or URL
Smith, J. D. (2020). Strategies for Improving Team Performance [PowerPoint presentation]. Annual Business Conference, Las Vegas, NV. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.008
Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Title of presentation [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Webinar, Name of Organization. doi or URL
Lee, C. H. (2018). The Art of Storytelling in Content Marketing [PowerPoint presentation]. Content Marketing Mastery Webinar, Content Marketing Institute. https://www.contentmarketinginstitute.com/events/content-marketing-mastery-webinar/2018
Title of presentation. (Year of Publication). [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Event, Location. doi or URL
The State of the Art in Artificial Intelligence. (2019). [PowerPoint presentation]. International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Tokyo, Japan. doi:10.1109/ICPR.2018.8545978
When including a PowerPoint presentation in your reference list, use the same citation format used in the paper. The reference list entry should be formatted as follows:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year of Publication). Title of presentation [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Event, Location. doi or URL
When citing a PowerPoint presentation in a paper, include the author’s last name and year of publication in parentheses after the information used. If a direct quote is used, include the slide number as well. For example:
(Smith & Johnson, 2019, slide 3)
For the reference list entry, follow the APA 7 citation format as detailed above and include the citation in alphabetical order in the list of references at the end of the paper.
By following the guidelines and examples provided in this article, you can ensure that your citations for PowerPoint presentations in APA 7 are accurate, complete, and consistent, making your academic work more credible and authoritative.
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PowerPoint presentations have become another source of information for various occasions, from student projects and slideshows to online courses. So, the question of the proper citation of PowerPoint presentations arises. At some point, you will need a hint on how to cite someone else’s presentation in your research paper or in your own slides. There are APA style guidelines that come in handy for such cases.
What is APA style?
How to cite a PowerPoint presentation in APA Style your readers can access
How to cite a PowerPoint presentation in APA Style your readers can’t access
How to format a PowerPoint presentation in APA Style
How to cite pictures in PowerPoint
Tips for using APA Style citations in PowerPoint
APA Style is a set of rules for academic writing and publishing scientific papers at the highest level of clarity and accessibility. Whereas Chicago style is mainly used for studies on business, history, and the fine arts, and MLS style is common for the humanities, journal articles on education, psychology, and sciences must adhere to APA style.
If you’re wondering how to format your APA PowerPoint citation, it may seem a little bit tricky. Based on the latest, 7th edition of the APA manual and samples, we derived a ‘formula’ to show you to how to cite a presentation properly.
Reference List entry | Madison, J. (2016). Introduction to APA Citations. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100(2), 34-48. New York, NY, United States. |
Parenthetical citation | (Madison, 2016, p. 37) |
Narrative citation | Madison (2016) |
Depending on whether the presentation to be cited is in the public domain or is not available for readers to access, the format of PowerPoint citation will be a little different. Also, you may need to do the opposite – namely, to cite elements on your PPT slides, like direct quotations, images, or tables – in APA format. Read this article to learn how to do both of these things correctly.
Published PowerPoint presentations are typically available on the net. When citing such presentations, be sure to include the term “PowerPoint slides” in brackets, and then embed a URL address that leads directly to the original source. Since a PowerPoint presentation is a standalone piece of content that is not archived, you need to include “Retrieved from” before the URL.
Author + date + title of the presentation + [PowerPoint slides] + “Retrieved from” + URL
Jones, A. B. (2014). How to include APA citations in a PowerPoint presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://jones.uvm.edu/ppt/40hrenv/index.html.
If the presentation you need to APA cite was delivered in a certain event and place, like a professional conference or a seminar, you need to mention this in the citation as well.
Madison, J. (2016, April 11-14). Introduction to APA Citations [PowerPoint presentation]. 2nd Annual National Conference for Researchers, New York, NY, United States. Retrieved from http://researcherguide.com/archives
If you want to refer to a specific slide in the body text of your paper, include the slide number in your in-text citation.
Format: (Author’s surname, year, slide 4)
Example: (Madison, 2016, slide 6)
If the presentation you wish to APA cite is not published anywhere and the reader won’t be able to access it (e.g., you viewed it at a meeting), you can still give it recognition. In this case, you need to cite it as personal communication. APA style doesn’t index personal communications in the reference lists, but it is necessary to include them as in-text citations. See how you can cite a meeting in your PowerPoint presentation below.
Example: In his speech, Madison stated that employee retention increased by 5% (personal communication, May 26, 2019).
If you wonder how to cite a lecture, you can do it nearly the same way. You will need to mention the lecturer, the date when the lecture was hold and frame it as personal communication as well.
Example: (A. Collins, personal communication, October 28, 2021)
If you present on a serious level and need to establish the credibility of the data you put into slides, it’s important to treat your PowerPoint presentation as a research paper in the first place. In this regard, educators and editors strongly recommend applying APA guidelines to the structure of PowerPoint presentations.
Thus, a PowerPoint presentation needs to meet certain criteria. It should include:
Make your title slide similar to the title page of an APA research paper. Your first PowerPoint slide should include the same information as the cover sheet of an APA research paper. Include the title of the presentation, your name, organization, and an author’s note describing the purpose of the presentation.
[Source: http://libraryguides.bennett.edu/home/library-tutorials/apa-style-presentations]
A reference slide is the last slide of your presentation in which you cite the sources you used. It’s a list of every APA citation that appears elsewhere in the presentation.
Although it’s the final slide of your presentation, it is easier to compile it in advance. Do the following:
For detailed guidance, check out examples in the APA Style handout that was carefully prepared by Idaho State University or the official APA Publication Manual 7th Edition available on the website of the American Psychological Association .
Including citations in the main content of your PowerPoint presentation is necessary to avoid plagiarism. Universities, for example, insist that any academic PowerPoint presentation has appropriate citations for any outside sources. Those sources include:
APA citations in the body refer only to the author (or an item in quotations without an author) followed by a comma, the date of publication, and a page number, if applicable. These will be used throughout the presentation. When needed, hyperlink all your citations as well as images (not clip art) to their sources. Remember to attribute all quotes and paraphrases to their sources.
When it comes to citation, any kind of image, such as photographs, illustrations, or a vendor’s clip art and stock art are commonly referred to as figures. Citing figures is worthy of special mention. This is the table that encompasses all three ‘levels’ of how you can cite a picture in APA format: reference list entry, in-text citation, and copyright attribution.
Digital sources | Books | |
Reference list entry | Author’s surname, first initial. Middle initial. (Year). [Description]. Place of publication. URL. | Author’s surname, first initial. Middle initial. (Year). (edition). Publisher. |
In-text citation | (Author’s surname, year) | (Author’s surname, year, page) |
Copyright attribution | Reprinted or adapted status. Source information. Copyright status. |
When citing visuals in PowerPoint, you need to enumerate and annotate any figure. It’s easy to start by placing an image on the slide and adding a text box below it. Then, write a figure number, add a description/note for the figure, and a parenthetical citation from your reference slide.
Example:
Figure 3. Pedestrians walking by street graffiti of the word “Love.” Adapted from “Pedestrian Street Art Protest” by J. Actrinson, 2013, ArtsPhotosArchive. Retrieved from http://www.artsphotoarchive.com/pedestrian-art-protest. Copyright 2020 by Actrinson Photos.
1. integrate your tables, but include full attributions.
In APA citation, tables are any kinds of visual representation of data like graphs, charts, pie charts, etc. Tables can be incorporated as slides throughout the presentation, rather than grouped at the end. You need to include a complete citation of a table’s source on individual table slides. This is in addition to listing the source on your reference slide.
It’s a good idea to look for samples and illustrations of how to format citations in each case. For example, the Thomas F. Holgate Library at Bennett College, Greensboro, NC has posted an excellent slide presentation, APA Style PowerPoint Presentations . Also, you can visit Purdue University’s incomparable Online Writing Lab which has a complete reference list guide for electronic sources (web publications).
Some APA formatting advice can be ambiguous. So, if you’re submitting to a conference, make a safe choice and comply with the guidelines that your institution or an event committee might suggest following. Even if there is a variance between APA style and this suggested formatting style, it’s better to prepare your presentation according to the requirements of that particular event.
While preparing the Reference list for your presentation or putting in-text citations on PowerPoint slides, you may have questions about adding specific information. Here are a couple of such tricky questions and answers to them. Feel free to jump to the question that interests you most.
If you don’t know the name of the author, you may use the first words of your source’s title and include the year of publication. If it’s a book, magazine, or report, italicize it. And if it’s an article, use question marks.
(Power of eLearning, 2020)(“eLearning Insights for 2022,” 2021)
In the Reference list, format such citations according to the common formula, only dropping the author portion at the beginning. If you want to cite a website article without an author in the Reference list, use the article’s title as well, and add the name of the website and its URL.
What is eLearning? (2019, July 28). iSpring Solutions. /elearning
As you need to guide your viewers/learners to the source of your data, if that source doesn’t have pages, you still can position the needed piece of data precisely. Insert a paragraph’s title or number, or a section’s name in the citation to locate the quoted passage.
(2021 Training Industry Report, Training Delivery section)
Since online lectures can be in various forms and formats, e.g., video recordings or lecture notes, you need to specify their format in the citation. This can be done by including [file format] in the formula:
Author surname, initial of first name. (Year). Title of lecture : Subtitle if applicable [file format]. Retrieved from URL.
Example:
Oakley, B. (2015). Learning to Unlearn . Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vd2dtkMINIw.
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Citing PowerPoint presentations in APA style is essential for academic integrity and proper referencing. Whether it’s a lecture slide from a university course or a publicly available presentation, understanding how to correctly cite these sources is key. Learn the essentials of citing PowerPoint presentations in APA format, an important skill for academic writing. This guide provides a step-by-step approach with practical examples to make accurate and effective citation of PowerPoint slides.
When citing PowerPoint presentations in APA style, you absolutely need to include specific details in a structured format. Below are examples demonstrating how to correctly cite PowerPoint presentations in various scenarios.
Here’s how to structure a reference list entry for PowerPoint slides:
Johnson, F. (2018, September 20). [PowerPoint slides]. Faculty of Classics, Oxford University. | |
Familian, S. (2017, February 17). [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. | |
Scribbr. (2020). [Google Slides]. Google Drive. |
In-text citations are an important aspect of referencing PowerPoint slides in APA format. They help make sure that the source of the information is properly credited within the body of your text. When you refer to ideas or data from a PowerPoint slide, you must include an in-text citation to avoid plagiarism. Here’s how to effectively include these citations in your text.
The basic format for an APA in-text citation includes the last name of the author (or presenter) and the year of the presentation. This should be enclosed in parentheses. If you directly quote a slide, include the slide number in your in-text citation after the year, separated by a comma.
For example, if you’re summarizing a point from a slide, your citation might look like this: (Author’s Last Name, Year). If you’re quoting directly, the format will be: (Author’s Last Name, Year, slide number).
General In-Text Citation | Let’s say you’re summarizing information from Frank Johnson’s PowerPoint titled “Introduction to Classics.” An appropriate in-text citation would be: (Johnson, 2018). | |
In-Text Citation with Slide Number | If you are directly quoting slide 15 from the same presentation, the citation would be: (Johnson, 2018, slide 15). | |
In-Text Citation for Multiple Authors | For a PowerPoint by Sarah Familian and another author, you might cite it as: (Familian & Coauthor, 2017). If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by ‘et al.’: (Familian et al., 2017). | |
In-Text Citation Without a Date | If the PowerPoint does not have a date, use ‘n.d.’ to signify ‘no date’: (Author’s Last Name, n.d.). For example: (Smith, n.d.). | |
In-Text Citation for Inaccessible PowerPoint | If the PowerPoint is not accessible and you need to cite it as personal communication: In a lecture about field revolutions, Smith remarked that “…” (personal communication, January 14, 2019). |
Different scenarios may require slightly varied formats for citing PowerPoint presentations. Below are examples for citing publicly accessible PowerPoints, inaccessible PowerPoints, and quoting information from slides.
When citing publicly available PowerPoint presentations, replace the university and department with the website name.
Familian, S. (2017, February 17). [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. |
For PowerPoints not accessible to the audience, cite them as personal communication in the text, without a reference list entry.
In a class lecture, Smith stated that the field is undergoing a “revolution” (personal communication, January 14, 2019). |
If quoting directly from a slide, try to find and cite the original source. If unavailable, cite the PowerPoint slide as shown.
(Johnson, 2018) |
This guide provides comprehensive examples for various scenarios encountered when citing PowerPoint presentations in APA format. It aims to provide clarity and precision in academic writing, adhering to proper citation standards.
Proper referencing is crucial because it allows readers to trace the sources of information back to their origins, ensuring transparency, credibility, and avoiding issues related to plagiarism.
When citing PowerPoint slides available online, you should include the author’s name, the publication date, the title of the presentation in square brackets, the platform (e.g., SlideShare), and the URL.
In such cases, you should cite the slides as a personal communication, as your audience won’t be able to access the original source. Ensure to clarify this in your citation.
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Published on November 6, 2020 by Koen Driessen . Revised on November 30, 2020.
Slides are only available via: blackboard, n@tschool, moodle, magister etc., slides publicly accessible.
When the slides are part of a digital study database, you can just add a footnote in which you make clear that the source is only accessible via the digital study database.
APA-format | AuthorLastname, Initials. (Year, month day). Title of the document [Type document]. Retrieved from http://Website |
In reference list | Ribbers, P. G. (2015, August 4). Introduction in ethics [Slides]. Retrieved from http://public-sheets.uvt.com/ethics/week1/class1 |
In the text | . found that… . |
In the footnote | Source derived from Blackboard Uvt (not publicly available). |
The AI-powered Citation Checker helps you avoid common mistakes such as:
Is the source publicly accessible, then the reference according to the APA Style is the same as for a normal internet source .
APA-format | AuthorLastname, Initials. (Year, month day). Title of the document [Type document]. Retrieved from http://Website |
In reference list | Ribbers, P. (2015, August 4). Introduction in ethics [Slides]. Retrieved from http://public-sheets.uvt.com/ethics/week1/class1 |
In the text | |
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
Driessen, K. (2020, November 30). Citing PowerPoints in APA (6th Edition) | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved June 18, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/6th-edition/archived-lecture-slides-handouts/
Scribbr apa citation checker.
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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / APA Format / APA Citation Examples
APA Citation Examples
This guide will show you how to structure APA citations according to the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th edition) and will show you example citations for different source types. For information on other APA topics—such as formatting your paper, creating a title page, etc.—check out the EasyBib APA format guide. It even has an example paper.
The basics of apa.
We’re going to start from the beginning for all of you newbies out there, or for those of you looking for a refresher.
APA is an abbreviation which stands for American Psychological Association. This is a massive organization, responsible for creating and sharing psychology-related publications, research, and databases.
Basically, they keep psychologists and other similar roles in the loop with what’s happening in the world of psychology. With close to 120,000 members, this is THE leading world organization related to psychology.They are not officially associated with this guide, but the information here talks about their citing format and rules in depth.
Are you scratching your head, wondering what is APA style is and how this all relates to your research project? To make a long story short, the American Psychological Association did something really cool. Back in 1952, they created a way for ALL psychology researchers to structure their citations. This standard method did three things:
APA citations were such a hit, they were so good, that other science disciplines soon adopted the citation format as well. In fact, other disciplines outside of the science world use APA style today, too. So, whether you’re creating a psychology-related research project or not, there’s a good chance you were asked to create your citations in APA style.
Currently in its 7th edition, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is one of the most frequently used style guides for academic writing today!
With the 7th edition just coming onto the scene in 2020, the American Psychological Association does not expect to see widespread usage of the 7th edition until later in 2020. This is why you should always double-check with your teacher on whether they want you to use the 6th edition or the 7th edition for your projects.
Click here for more basics on this style.
Another widely used style is MLA format . Believe it or not, there are thousands of other styles, so perhaps your teacher or professor requested a completely different one. If you’re in that boat, head to EasyBib.com to check out more styles . While you’re at it, poke around and check out our APA reference generator. It may be just what you’re looking for.
References and citations are two terms that are thrown around a lot and quite often mean the same thing. A reference, or citation, shows the reader that a piece of information originated elsewhere. But, along came APA and decided to throw a curveball at us. In APA, the two terms have two different meanings.
A citation is found in the actual writing of an APA research paper.
“Lecture-rooms are numerous and large, but the number of young people who genuinely thirst after truth and justice is small” (Einstein, 2007, p. 5).
A reference is found on the reference page, which is the last page of a research paper.
Einstein, A. (2007). The world as I see it. Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=aNKOo94tO6cC&source=gbs_navlinks_s (Original work published 1934)
The information included in an APA citation is just a snapshot of the information found in the full reference. For more information on when it’s appropriate to include a citation in your paper, head to section 8.1-8.10 of the Publication manual.
Now, what makes things even trickier is that most teachers and professors use the term “APA citations” when they’re actually talking about the full references. How many times have you heard your teacher say, “Make sure you have your citations on the last page!”
Eek! So, to stay on the same page as your teacher, this guide shows you how to make references for an APA reference page, but we’re calling the page “APA Citations.” Someone’s gotta give in, right? Looks like it’s us.
If you’re looking for a quick read on the citations found in the body of the paper, check out our APA Parenthetical Citation page. It’s just one of the many free APA citation guides available on EasyBib.com. Need an APA citation generator? You can find one at EasyBib.com as well!
If you’re looking for help with the writing or grammar in your paper, check out our research , pronoun , and determiner pages. We have tons of other free grammar pages too!
Before we get into the nitty-gritty details on how to structure references for your APA paper, let’s get one more quick piece of information off the table.
References are added to research papers and projects only when a source is included in the writing itself.
We don’t add references to a reference page if we want to simply suggest other, similar titles. No! We create references when an actual piece of information from another source is added into the project.
Does your paper include a piece of data from a report? Great! You copied a line of text from a case study and put it in your project (with quotation marks around it)? Perfect! You included a bar graph you found in a brochure? Fantastic! Make sure you create an APA citation in the text of your paper and include the reference on the final page.
The only exception to the above rule is if you’re creating an “annotated bibliography.” For more on that, check out our APA annotated bibliography page.
In case you were wondering, the same goes for MLA in-text & parenthetical citations on the MLA works cited page.
Ready to get started? The next section of the guide is going to explain, step-by-step, how to structure every nook and cranny of your references.
But, if you’re dreaming of an APA citation maker to help make the pain go away from building your references from scratch, you’re in luck. EasyBib.com has an APA citation maker! In just a few clicks, our technology structures and styles each and every APA citation for you. If you don’t know much about it, head to the EasyBib homepage to learn more.
While you’re at it, try out our APA cover page maker, found on the main page as well!
This entire section goes into detail on each component of a reference. If you’re looking to learn how to style the names of the authors, the title, publishing information, and other aspects related to the reference, this section is for you!
If you want to skip the small talk and see an APA style paper example, go to the “Citation Resources” menu on this page and select “APA Format Guide.” It includes a title page example, an APA paper example, and an APA reference page example.It’s all there for you and the best part about it is it’s free! Do yourself a favor and take a peek at it now!
The very first piece of information in most references is the author’s name(s). We say “most,” because some sources may not have an author (such as websites, the Bible…). If your source doesn’t have an author, do not include any information about an author in your reference.
Apa structure:.
Last name of the Author, First initial. Middle initial.
To see some examples, scroll down to the bottom half of this page.
Does your source have two authors? Do not put the names in alphabetical order. They should be written in the order they’re displayed on the source.
Last name of the 1st listed Author, First Initial. Middle Initial., & Last name of the 2nd listed Author, First initial. Middle initial.
Doe, J. B. & Chen, W. I.
For an example of a reference with two authors according to the 7th edition of the Publication manual , scroll down to the “Journal Articles found in Print” section, or check out section 9.7-9.12 in the Publication manual.
Does your source have three to twenty authors? The American Psychological Association has made some updates on how to list multiple authors in your citations. If you have between three to twenty authors, list all the authors names (Last Name, Initials). Put them in the same order they’re listed in the source. Commas separate names, and put an ampersand right before the last name.
Bos, G., Hajek, S., Kogman-Appel, K., & Mensching, G. (2019). A Glossary of Latin and Italo-Romance Medico-Botanical Terms in Hebrew Characters on an Illustrated Manuscript Page (Ms. Oxford, Bodleian Opp. 688, fol. 177b). Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism 19 (2), 169-199. https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/747571
If your source has over twenty authors, list the last name and initials of the first 19 authors, placing a comma between each name. After the name of the 19th author, use an ellipsis in place of the remaining authors’ names. Then, list the final author’s name in front of it.
Here’s a formatting example for 21+ names using the U.S. presidents (this is NOT a reference example):
Washington, G., Adams, J., Jefferson, T., Madison, J., Monroe, J., Adams, J. Q., Jackson, A., Van Buren, M., Harrison, W. H., Tyler, J., Polk, J., Taylor, Z., Fillmore, M., Pierce, F., Buchanan, J., Lincoln, A., Johnson, A., Grant, U. S., Hayes, R. B., … Trump, D. J.
If your source is written by an organization or company:
Some sources are written and released by companies, not necessarily individual people. For example, most brochures at museums only display the institution’s name. Advertisements also only show the company’s name. If the source you’re attempting to cite only shows a group or organization’s name, place it in the reference in the place you’d normally include an individual person’s name.
Write out the name of the group in full; do not use abbreviations. For example, it may seem okay to use USDA, but APA writing style prefers you write out United States Department of Agriculture.
If you’re looking for information on how to style your own name in APA headings, find the example paper on EasyBib.com.
Formatting the date of publication.
The date the source was published is the next item shown in a reference. It’s directly after the author’s name.
For the majority of sources, include only the year in parentheses.
If you’re citing an article in a magazine, include the year and the month.
Peterzell, J. (1990, April). Better late than never. Time, 135 (17), 20–21.
Check out the examples towards the bottom of the page, or head to sections 9.13-9.17 of the Publication manual to see how dates are displayed.
Titles are the next piece of information shown in a reference. Titles are often tricky for people to style. Students often wonder, “Should I type out the title as it’s shown on the source?” “Should the title be written in italics or underlined?” Here are the answers to (hopefully) all of your title-related questions:
Most titles are written with a capital letter in these places:
It may be tempting to write the title as you see it shown on the source, or with capital letters at the beginning of every important word, but that’s not how APA referencing does it.
Here are a few examples of proper lettering:
The only source types that are written with a capital letter at the beginning of every important word are periodicals. Some examples include the titles of newspapers, journals, and magazines.
Check out some of the examples below to see how the titles are typed out and styled. You can also head to section 9.18-9.22 of the Publication Manual for more details
If it’s not the actual title, but an APA title page for your paper that you need help with, check out the Title Page APA creator on the homepage of EasyBib.com! Or, check out the main guide for this style, which includes an APA cover page template.
It can be difficult to understand a source type just by looking at an APA style citation. Sometimes it isn’t clear if you’re looking at a citation for a presentation, a blog post, lecture notes, or a completely different source type.
To clear up any confusion for your reader, you can include additional information directly after the title. This additional information about the source type is written in brackets with the first word having a capital letter.
Wilson, T. V. & Frey, H. (2019, May 13). Godzilla: The start of his story [Audio podcast]. iHeart Radio. https://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/godzilla-the-start-of-his-story.htm
Thanks to the information in the brackets, the reader can easily see that the source is an audio podcast.
Check out the various examples towards the bottom of this page.
Publication information includes the name of the publisher. In most cases, the publication information is only included for print sources. Check out the book reference below to see the publication information in action.
You’ll find plenty of source types below. If you don’t see what you’re looking for, try out our APA reference generator on EasyBib.com! Or, here’s a great informative site we like. If you’d like to see a full APA sample paper, take a glance at the main citation guide for this style on EasyBib.com.
Author’s Last name, F. M. (Year published). Title of the book . Publisher.
Gaiman, N. (1996). Neverwhere . HarperCollins.
Looking for more examples? Check out our APA book citation page.
A reference page APA citation for a chapter in a print book is styled the same way as the entire book. It is not necessary to showcase or display the individual chapter. However, in the text of the paper, the chapter is shown like this: (Author’s Last name, Year, Chapter #).
An edited book is one that was compiled by an author. Each individual chapter, or section, is written by someone else. Since you’re probably citing the specific chapter, rather than the whole entire book, place the name of the chapter’s author in the first position.
Chapter Author’s Last Name, F. M. (Year published). Chapter title. In F. M. Editor’s Last Name (Ed.), Title of book (Xrd ed., pp. x-x). Publisher.
Alexander, G. R. (2015). Multicultural education in nursing. In D. M. Billings, & J. A. Halstead (Eds.), Teaching in nursing: A guide for faculty (5th ed., pp. 263-281). Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=YxzmCgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edited+book&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwja47-0kL_iAhUV7XMBHXzQBxAQ6AEIODAD#v=onepage&q&f=false
To cite an eBook, cite it the same way as you would a print book.
Author’s Last name, F. M. (Year published). Title of book . Publisher. URL
Alcott, L. M. (1905). Under the lilacs. Little, Brown, and Company. https://archive.org/stream/underlilacs00alco2?ref=ol#page/n9/mode/2up
If you’re using the EasyBib APA citation generator to cite your e-books, click on the “book” source type.
Gaiman, N. (2009). Coraline . HarperCollins. https://amzn.to/3cQqXAL
If you’re using EasyBib.com’s APA citation generator to cite your e-books, click on the “book” source type.
Wondering what to do if you’re using a book that was reprinted? Check out the example of Einstein’s book, found towards the top of this guide.
Since the bible is considered a “classical work,” and widely known, it is not necessary to create a full reference. Only include a citation in the text of the paper.
Two items need to be included:
“Then the king asked her, “What do you want, Esther? What is your request? I will give it to you, even if it’s half the kingdom” (Esther 5:5 New Living Translation).
Citing journal articles found in print in apa.
Author’s Last name, F. M. (Year published). Title of journal article. Title of Journal, Volume (Issue), page range.
Reeve, A. H., Fjeldsa, J., & Borregaard, M. K. (2018). Ecologically flexible endemics dominate Indo-Pacific bird communities. Journal of Biogeography, 45 (8), 1980-1982.
Your APA style paper is easy to piece together with the tools and services on EasyBib.com. Try out our APA citation machine, which structures your references in just a few clicks. If you’re looking for the perfect APA cover page, give our APA title page maker a whirl.
Author’s Last name, F. M. (Year published). Title of journal article. Title of Journal, Volume (Issue), page range. //dx.doi.org/10xxxxxxx
Reeve, A. H., Fjeldsa, J., & Borregaard, M. K. (2018). Ecologically flexible endemics dominate Indo-Pacific bird communities. Journal of Biogeography, 45 (8), 1980-1982. //dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13384
For more on journals, take a peek at our APA journal page. Or, make your citations in just a few clicks with our APA citation generator.
Author’s Last name, F. M. (Year, Month Day of Publication). Article’s title. Title of Newspaper, pp. xx-xx.
Boutilier, A. (2019, May 29). Facebook won’t pull fake content for election: Official says it’s not company’s role to draw line as MPs blast Zuckerberg for not testifying. Toronto Star, p. 1.
Author’s Last name, F. M. (Year, Month Day of Publication). Article’s title. Title of Newspaper . URL
Boutilier, A. (2019, May 28). Facebook refuses to remove false content during Canadian election. The Star . https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2019/05/28/facebook-wont-remove-doctored-content-during-canadian-election.html
Kale, S. (2020, March 9). How to keep your hands clean – without getting dry skin. The Guardian . https://www.theguardian.com/society/shortcuts/2020/mar/09/how-to-keep-your- hands-clean-without-getting-dry-skin
Author’s Last name, F. M. (Year, Month or Season). Title of article. Title of Magazine, Volume (Issue), page range.
Freedman, A. (2019, June). How to choose a gaming laptop: You can play your game and take it with you. TechLife Australia, 90, 78-81.
Author’s Last Name, F. M. (Year, Month). Title of magazine article. Title of Magazine, Volume (Issue), page range. URL
Savage, P. (2019, May). Double dragon: Yakuza Kiwami 2 is a return to form for the singular crime series. PC Gamer , 319, 80. https://www-pressreader-com.i.ezproxy.nypl.org/usa/pc-gamer-us/20190521
Citing digital sources in this style is much easier than other styles. If you’re wondering why, it’s because a lot of information isn’t included in the reference.
For most digital sources, only five items are usually needed:
Here’s some more information related to web content:
Have a digital source? Need to cite APA? Check out some of the examples below.
Author’s Last name, F. M. (Year, Month Day of posting). Title of post. Blog or Website name. URL
Chockrek, E. (2019, May 29). 7 summer activities that help boost your college applications. EasyBib. https://www.easybib.com/guides/7-summer-activities-that-help-boost-your-college-applications/
See another example on our APA citation website page.
Here’s the APA template for most social media platforms:
Last name, F. M. [Username]. (Year, Month Day of posting). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Describe any attachment] [Tweet OR Facebook page OR Instagram photo OR Instagram post] . Site Name. URL
Lem, E. [@lemesther]. (2019, October 2). Spotted @Chegg promo celebration. Ladies who…”leopard.” Cheers to all the upcoming promos. #marketing #UEx. [Image attached [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/lemesther/status/1179549293289627650
If the name of the individual is unknown or unlisted on the profile (such as Lady Gaga), place the username first, without brackets
Ladygaga. (2019, May 20). I’m so proud of @momgerm for being asked to serve as Goodwill Ambassador for @WHO. The goal of @btwfoundation is [Image attached] [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/ladygaga/status/1130578727539052544
If there are emojis, try to recreate them or describe them in brackets.
Hawaii Volcanoes NPS [@Volcanoes_NPS]. (2020, February 26). Half the park is after dark! [flashlight emoji] In addition to dark night skies, evening in the park provides a great chance. [Image attached] [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Volcanoes_NPS/status/1232776372801589248
For more about citing social media, head to section 10.15 of the Publication manual.
If you conducted or watched a personal interview and the transcript or audio is not available for the reader, then there really isn’t any point to create a full reference. These types of sources are not recoverable and the reader would be unable to find the interview on their own. Instead, only create a citation in the text of the paper. Use the first initial, middle initial, and last name of the person being interviewed, along with “personal communication,” and the date of the interview.
Institution or organization name. (n.d.). Entry title. In Title of Website or reference . Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Doleful. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved March 1, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/doleful
If there is a known author, cite the source this way:
Last name, F. M. (Date published). Entry title. In F. M. Last name (ed.), In Title of Website or reference . Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL
Mann, M. E. & Selin, H. (n.d.). Global warming. In Encyclopaedia Britannica . Retrieved March 1, 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/science/global-warming
Cite a Wikipedia page just like a normal webpage, but use an archived version. Go to the “View history” tab at the top of a Wikipedia page to find these archived versions, their publishing date, and their URL.
Article title. (Year, Month Day). In Wikipedia . URL
Kinetic energy (2019, December 27). In Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinetic_energy&oldid=932724138
If you want to learn how to cite websites in MLA , click on the link.
An APA generator is available to you on EasyBib.com Take the stress out of building the references for your APA style paper and try it out!
While you’re at it, it may be helpful to take a glance at our APA paper template. It can be found on the EasyBib Writing Center page. You can use the APA paper example to help structure your own APA title page and paper.
Citing a song or music listened to online in apa.
Modern songs (e.g., that song you heard on the radio this morning) should list the name of the recording artist’s name. Classical music lists the song’s composer (e.g., think Mozart, Beethoven, etc.).
Note: include a URL in the reference if that location is the only means of retrieval (like if they only post their music to SoundCloud or on their own specific website). If the song is available across multiple platforms, no URL is needed.
Artist’s Last Name, F. M. (Year published). Song’s title [Song]. On Title of album . Publisher(s).
Grande, A. (2019). 7 rings [Song]. On thank u, next . Republic Records.
Artist’s Last Name, F. M. (Year published). Song’s title [Song recorded by Artist’s Name]. On Title of album . Publisher.
Bach, J. S. (1997). Toccata and Fugue in D minor [Song recorded by William McVicker]. On Great organ classics. Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited.
To cite APA sheet music, cite it exactly the same as a book. If it’s found online, cite it as a website.
Use this format if you’re citing a video found online (such as an APA citation for a YouTube video ).
Person who posted the video’s Last Name, F. M. [Username]. (Year, Month Day of posting or publishing). Video’s title [Video]. URL
Vliegenthart, S. [booksandquills]. (2018, December 3). Books from uni we didn’t hate [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9G52GCgpEZg
If the name of the individual isn’t available, start with the username, and remove the brackets.
Chegg. (2018, November 15). One common grammar error to avoid [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Bfx50f853g
Maroon 5. (2018, May 30). Girls like you ft. Cardi B [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/aJOTlE1K90k
If you’re in need of an APA citation machine to do the work for you, check out the homepage on EasyBib.com! We even have a free Title Page APA creator on the main page as well!
Director’s Last Name. F. M. (Director). (Year published). Film’s title [Film]. Publisher(s) or URL
Gerwig, G. (Director). (2017). Lady bird [Video]. IAC Films; Scott Rudin Productions.
Citing a published thesis or dissertation from a database in apa.
Author’s Last Name, F. M. (Year created). Thesis or Dissertation’s title [Master’s thesis OR Doctoral dissertation, Name of Institution]. Name of database or archive.
Schluckebier, M. E. (2013). Dreams worth pursuing: How college students develop and articulate their purpose in life [Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa]. ERIC.
If you’re looking for an APA citation builder to do the work for you, check out EasyBib.com’s APA generator!
Author’s Last name, F. M. (Year, Month Days of Conference). Title of conference paper [Type of presentation]. Conference Name, Location. URL or DOI.
Fowle, M. (2018, September). The entrepreneurial dream: Happiness, depression, and freedom [Conference presentation]. European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreunership, Aviero, Portugal.
W. I. Ikemoto (personal communication, June 2, 2019)
If the interview is recoverable, include the full reference on the final page of the project. If the interview was found in a magazine, use the magazine structure. If the interview was read on a blog, use the blog structure. Look for the APA headings above that match your specific source type.
Don’t forget, our APA citation machine structures pretty much everything for you. Find it on EasyBib.com’s homepage and give our APA citation generator a try.
Didn’t find what you needed? Still a bit confused? Learn more here . You can also take the guesswork out of making your references with our handy APA citation generator, found at the top of this page.
You’ve structured your sources correctly, right? You have the periods, italics, and commas where they belong? Capital letters where they’re supposed to be? Great! You’re almost through! The last step is organizing your citations properly on the page. For easy to follow, in-depth instructions on structuring the last page in your project, check out our APA reference page . If you’d like to see a sample APA paper, check out the main guide for this style on EasyBib.com!
Before you hit submit, make sure you run your paper through our plagiarism checker . It checks for instances of accidental plagiarism and scans for spelling and grammatical errors. Even if you think you have every verb , adverb , or interjection where it belongs, you may be surprised with what our innovative technology suggests.
Visit our EasyBib Twitter feed to discover more citing tips, fun grammar facts, and the latest product updates.
Example of a photo citation with no creator, date, or title
[Photograph of two hens in a barn]. (n.d). Theoretical Prints. http://Theoretical_Prints.org/two-hypothetical-hens/
Dictionary entry in print
Examples for a printed dictionary entry citation
Hypothetical Association of Learning. (2014). Cake. In The Hypothetical Learner’s Dictionary (Vol. 2, p. 3).
Johnson, C. K. (2014). Cake. In The Hypothetical Learner’s Dictionary (Vol. 2, p. 3).
Dictionary entry from an online source
Examples for an online dictionary entry citation
Hypothetical Association of Learning. (2014). Cake. In The Hypothetical Learner’s Dictionary. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https;//dictionary.hypothetical.org/dictionary/English/cake
Johnson, C. K. (2014). Cake. In The Hypothetical Learner’s Dictionary. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https;//dictionary.hypothetical.org/dictionary/English/cake
Published August 2, 2019. Updated March 10, 2020.
Written and edited by Michele Kirschenbaum and Elise Barbeau . Michele Kirschenbaum is a dedicated school library media specialist and one of the in-house EasyBib librarians. Elise Barbeau is the Citation Specialist at Chegg. She has worked in digital marketing, libraries, and publishing.
APA Formatting
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Go to www.easybib.com and follow the directions to create a citation. After you create a citation or citation list, you can choose APA as your citation style (default is MLA). APA is a premium style, so you will need a subscription or trial to EasyBib Plus in order to create citations in APA. Upgrade your account at https://www.easybib.com/upgrade .
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In scholarly writing, it is essential to acknowledge how others contributed to your work. By following the principles of proper citation, writers ensure that readers understand their contribution in the context of the existing literature—how they are building on, critically examining, or otherwise engaging the work that has come before.
APA Style provides guidelines to help writers determine the appropriate level of citation and how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism.
We also provide specific guidance for in-text citation, including formats for interviews, classroom and intranet sources, and personal communications; in-text citations in general; and paraphrases and direct quotations.
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Master academic writing with APA’s essential teaching and learning resource
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Teaching APA Style? Become a course adopter of the 7th edition Publication Manual
Instructional Aids
Guides, checklists, webinars, tutorials, and sample papers for anyone looking to improve their knowledge of APA Style
Designing an Effective PowerPoint Presentation: Quick Guide from the OWL: Purdue Online Writng Lab.
APA does not offer specific advice on how to cite within a PowerPoint. But one can assume that a PowerPoint is simply a paper and that all the rules that apply to a paper apply to the PowerPoint. In-text citations (or parenthetical citations) point your viewer to specific entries on the References page.
With that said, general rules must be followed.
Below is a Sample PowerPoint in which APA format is used . Remember that the placement of the parenthetical citation on a slide is not absolute. However, it should be apparent to the viewer where the information is coming from.
In APA a Youtube video is best cited as a video blog post.
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Please visit the writing center's page on specific assignments , clicking on the drop down menu option for powerpoint presentations. .
An excerpt from the PowerPoint Presentations section of the page about APA citation style in a presentation:
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Here's a PowerPoint presentation tips and tricks guide that takes you through how to make a good PowerPoint presentation.
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This article is full of helpful tips so you can build a powerful presentation. You can also find more PowerPoint tips in this video lesson:
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Consider this your all-inclusive guide to how to make a good presentation. We’ll look at preparing your presentation and explore how to design it in PowerPoint. Plus, we’ll cover how to practice and nail your delivery successfully come presentation time.
We’ll also address what not to do in these tips for PowerPoint presentations—so you can sidestep any big mistakes. Now let’s dig into these tips for effective PowerPoint presentations.
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Your presentation isn’t about your slides alone. It’s about the message you want to get across. Before filling in stats, facts and figures, think about the narrative that’ll be discussed, why, and in what order.
Start in a Word or Google doc, and storyboard or script the entire presentation. This will give you an idea of how the information presented will flow and how viewers will see it in sequence. Learn the complete writing process .
A presentation covers the most crucial pieces only. Whatever you’ve been working on that led to this—a paper, a work project, a new product design—doesn’t need to be shared in its entirety. Pick key points and put the rest in an “Appendix” to refer to during the Q&A session at the end.
How you talk to a room full of medical professionals should be different from the way you address a room full of young entrepreneurs. Everything, in fact, is different: your topic selection, the language you use, the examples you give to illustrate points. The little bits of humor you include should be tailored specifically with your target audience in mind.
Understand your audience’s needs to create a successful PowerPoint presentation. Customize your content to meet their specific requirements.
It’s never too early to get used to the rhythm of your presentation and take note of points you want to emphasize. While saying it out loud, you’ll start to develop a “feel” for the material. You’ll notice that some things work well, while others don’t and might need to be worked around.
As you’re rehearsing your presentation, you’re bound to stumble over sections that don’t quite flow naturally. Instead of reworking your delivery, it might be time to consider the content and rewrite the areas that served as stumbling blocks.
“Editing is hard. ‘It’s good enough,’ is a phrase wannabes use. Leaders take editing seriously.” – Anthony Trendl
The most important part of creating a great presentation is the writing stage. The second most important stage is rewriting.
If the stakes are high for your presentation, it’s never too early to get feedback from those that you trust. Here’s an article that helps you collaborate as a team on a PowerPoint presentation. Get PowerPoint design tips from those that you trust when you collaborate.
Second only to you (the information you bring and how you present it) is your PowerPoint slides. If not designed well, a PowerPoint can be disengaging or distracting (regardless of the content quality). Here are some presentation design tips to make sure this doesn’t happen to you:
This is one of the most important PowerPoint presentation tips to follow when designing your slides. Keep in mind that less is more (effective.) A cluttered slide is distracting. It causes confusion for an audience: Which part of the slide should I focus on? Should I read the slide or pay attention to the presenter?
A simple, visually appealing slide will engage your audience, keeping them on track with your main points. Here’s an example of a simple slide that serves its purpose perfectly:
Minimalist slide templates like Nook can help you resist the urge to clutter your slides.
Piggybacking on the last point, less is more effective. If possible, avoid bullets altogether. Otherwise cut them to just a few simple words. The audience should be listening, not reading.
One of the most important tips for quality PowerPoint presentations is to use high-quality photos and graphics.
Earlier in this tutorial, you saw Envato Elements, an all-you-can-download service with PPT tips inside of templates. Those pre-built designs are a beginner’s best friend. They’re even better when paired with Elements’ unlimited library of stock photos .
People are more likely to take you seriously if your presentation is visually appealing. Users view attractive design as more usable. Similarly, they’ll view a more attractive PowerPoint as more effective.
Charts and graphs can also be distracting if they’re not used right. Make sure your information design is simple and clean so that the audience doesn’t spend the entire time trying to decipher what your X axis says. Learn more about PPT data presentation .
Have you seen the old PowerPoint template that looks like worn paper and uses ink splashes? Yeah, so has your audience. Templates can be distracting if they’re too basic or if the design feels dated. You need one with great design options.
Costs are always a concern. But when you use Envato Elements, you’ve got everything you need to create a great PowerPoint presentation . That’s thanks to the incredible all-you-can-download subscription package.
The best PowerPoint tips and tricks can hardly compare to the value of using a template while building your presentation.
On Envato Elements, there are thousands of PowerPoint design templates that are ready to use. Instead of designing a presentation from scratch, start with a template! Just add your specifics to the placeholders.
Templates like Galaxi are impressively designed and waiting for your slide specifics.
The best PowerPoint design tips save you time. And there’s no tip more powerful than this one: use a pre-built template . It helps you master how to present a PowerPoint without spending all your time in the app.
Fonts are an important part of engaging your audience. Fonts and typography choices have a subconscious effect on viewers. They can characterize your company’s presentation and brand either positively or negatively. Make sure that you’re choosing fonts that are professional and modern.
Like font choice, colors cause specific subconscious reactions from viewers. Choosing an outdated color combination for your presentation will render it ineffective.
Below is an example of the Popsicle PowerPoint template , which has a modern presentation color choice:
The Popsicle PowerPoint template highlights how harmonized color palettes can create beautiful slides.
We’ve got a full tutorial on how to make a good presentation slide . Give it a read through and review the accompanying video. Just remember, less is more. The focus is you and your message , not your slides.
A simple way to create a well-designed presentation is to make sure all items on a slide are intentionally aligned. To do this, hold down Shift and select all the objects you want to include. Then choose Arrange in the options bar and apply Alignment Type .
This isn’t the place for exclamation points. Emphasize your points (while speaking). Don’t enlist punctuation to do this for you. (Leave these at home!!!)
This PowerPoint presentation tip is simple. There’s no need to have every word of every bullet point capitalized, or to have all your bullet points in title case. If possible, drop bullets altogether. Again, the simpler, the better!
Limit your text formatting, including reducing the use of bullets, underline, and other effects. Compare the before example on the left to the revised version on the right.
One of the most powerful presentation skills for PPT is using infographics. With the right type of visuals, slides come to life and reduce the text in favor of graphics.
Infographics help combine information with graphics. It’s easier to explain complex ideas when you use visual formats that are intuitive.
Delivery is probably more important than the actual content. Here’s how to become more aware of your own unique ticks, and how to present like a polished pro:
Just do it. Again and again. Experiment with pauses, gestures, and body language. Practice around one hour for every minute of your speech.
Consistency is key to an effective PowerPoint presentation. The timing should be similar (ideally the same) each time you rehearse. This one will especially pay off when it’s time to present in front of your audience.
Many of the best speakers today intentionally speak slowly. You’ll have the chance to emphasize, appear more thoughtful, and make your information easier to digest.
Like the prior tip, pausing more often allows your main points to be emphasized and gives time for information to sink in. You need to let key points breathe a little before rushing into the next section.
Use your phone’s voice recorder. Assess and critique yourself. Consider:
It’s always weird to hear your own voice recorded; don’t stress it. Use this as a time to adjust.
If you stare at the same spot (or even creepier, the same person) the entire time, your presentation will be ineffective (and awkward.) People will be distracted by you, wondering what you’re staring at.
Try this: pick three points in the room (typically: left, center, right). Take time to direct your delivery toward each physical focal point in the room. Also, focus on the center when making your primary points.
This makes you sound more interesting, and it’s easier for your audience to follow. Think short and punchy. Or go long and complex for dramatic effect.
Don’t speak in monotone for your whole presentation. Be conscious of raising and lowering your voice tone. Otherwise, people will tune you out, and you’ll come across like the teacher in Charlie Brown.
What you look like is as important as how you sound. Pretend you’re having a normal conversation, and allow your hands to move with your speech to emphasize your points. Just don’t get carried away! (I’m thinking Brene Brown or President Obama , not your Aunt Jamie after a few gin and tonics.)
When you finally are ready to hit the Present button in PowerPoint, make sure you use the Present Mode option. This allows you (and only you) to view extra notes about each slide—just in case you forget something!
If possible, try doing a few real live test runs as a webinar or even at a local Toastmasters organization to get some feedback from a live audience.
There’s no reason that a presentation should be one-sided. Why not invert the format and ask your audience a question?
To learn how to create a slide that kicks off a Q&A, use this article . These PowerPoint design tips help you create an engaging and exciting discussion.
When the actual day arrives, there are only a few last PowerPoint presentation tips and guidelines to keep in mind:
Deep breathing is proven to relieve stress. It’s simple, and it’ll help you remain calm and in the moment, even up to the last minute before starting.
Tell yourself a joke or watch a funny video clip. Do this before the presentation, of course. Research concludes that happy people are more productive. More productive is more focused and able to perform better.
When we’re stressed or nervous (or both), we tend to speak faster. Consciously, take yet another deep breath and remind yourself to take it slow!
Every presentation room has a temperature. It’s your job as a speaker to gauge it and tailor your presentation to it.
Here’s a great example. Layoffs are coming at a company, and you’re asked to speak to an audience. Even if the audience isn’t personally affected by the actions, you’ve got to consider the morale of the workforce.
Skilled speakers have a knack for reading the energy of the room and adjusting their presentation on the fly.
The last thing that group will want to hear is how strong the economy is and why the company is the best place to work. That doesn’t mean that you’ve got to align to their uncertainty, but don’t go too far against the grain while presenting.
Robert Kennedy III is a master of bringing energy and aligning a speech to the audience. Here’s his advice for adjusting:
“It can be hard to wake up a “dead” crowd but go for it. Most of all, don’t take their energy personally. Focus on serving them with every bit of your fiber then leave empty.”
Go forward with confidence. If you act confident, you’ll start to feel more confident. Move slowly with grace, speak clearly, smile, wear something nice. You’ll appear confident to all attendees (no matter how you feel internally).
Most importantly, focus on what you can do to make your presentation better. There are a few important things not to do that we’ve got to address. Here are a handful of PowerPoint presentation tips and tricks to help you avoid missteps.
Sound effects are distracting and outdated. In most cases, avoid them. Add audio or music to your presentation to inject interest or highlight an important point, but it’s something to take extra care with. If you insert audio, then make sure your use really connects with your audience and has a fresh approach. Otherwise, it’s best to leave it out.
Again, this is distracting and outdated. Use transitions and subtle animations in your PowerPoint presentation. But you need to take care and do it right .
This PowerPoint presentation tip shouldn’t even have to be said. But please, please don’t use clip art. Use professional graphics instead.
The fear of public speaking is a real one. Many beginners think that if they’re feeling nervous that a presentation won’t go well or succeed. That might lead them to cancel the presentation.
Here’s a tip from expert Sandra Zimmer, who leads The Self-Expression Center on conquering your fears before you take the stage:
“Get out of your head and into your body. I do this through a grounding exercise that really works to calm nerves and bring you present in the moment.”
If you think that public speaking fears aren’t normal, you might never give your award-winning presentation. So don’t be afraid to be afraid, and acknowledge it’s part of the process!
If you spend your entire presentation looking at the screen or your note cards, you’re sure to lose your audience’s attention. They’ll disengage from what you’re saying, and your presentation will fall flat.
Reading from your paper or screen also makes it look like you’re not prepared. Many people do it, but no one should. As a general rule, only present something you know well and have, at least mostly, memorized the main points of.
Many new PowerPoint users often make significant mistakes when using Envato Elements designs.
The best way to see how to make a good presentation PPT is to start with designs from others. That means using a template, but that doesn’t mean you can’t customize them!
Don’t forget that PowerPoint templates are infinitely customizable. Think of them as guides with built-in presentation design tips.
To see more presentation tips that show you what not to do, make sure to check out our guide .
These PowerPoint tips will help you get the most out of the application to level up your next presentation. Let’s dive in.
When you’re designing your next PowerPoint presentation, it helps to create a sense of visual rhythm. Slides that have objects aligned and centered are more likely to resonate with an audience.
Animations in effective PowerPoint presentations are a slippery slope. We’ve all sat through presentations where there were so many objects in motion that it was easy to lose focus on the key ideas in the presentation.
But that’s why animations get an unfairly bad reputation. Use animations to create motion and hold an audience’s attention. Use them sparingly and on key elements on your slide, and you’ll capture that attention properly.
You just learned that animations should avoid being distracting. But there’s an important principle to using animations properly. It’s called staging content.
Staging content means that the content appears step by step. There’s nothing worse than overwhelming an audience with all your content at once. But when you stage content, bring it on step by step.
Take it from presentation pro Suzannah Baum :
“If you’re sharing a slide with lots of different points on it, using the animation to reveal those points one at a time is a way to keep the presenter’s content flowing smoothly.”
For more animation presentation tips and tricks, follow our guide .
When you’re sharing a big idea in your presentation, it helps to share your perspective from a few different angles. Adding a video to supplement your content can do just that. Luckily, it’s easy to add and embed a YouTube video in your next PowerPoint presentation.
Charts and graphs can help you tell stories with data. It’s easy for an audience to zone out when you throw a big data table or set of statistics at them.
instead, convert those to charts and graphs. Try out our tutorial to learn how to edit those graphs.
Earlier in this tutorial, we gave you one of my favorite PowerPoint design tips: use infographic templates.
Here’s another. One of my favorite PowerPoint features is SmartArt, which allows you to build infographics right inside the app.
You don’t have to use another graphic design app like Photoshop or Illustrator to add visuals. Instead, try out SmartArt to help you build graphics that are easy to update.
Remember that when you use the PowerPoint, you’ re the presentation. The slides are just there to reinforce what you’ve got to say and support your speaking points.
That’s why I always recommend using Presenter view. More often than not, you’re going to have several displays. Presenter view shows your content on your screen, while your presentation is displayed on another screen.
One of my favorite PowerPoint design tips is to collaborate. Those who know you best will suggest compelling changes that are sure to help you succeed.
As you start collaborating on your presentation, it helps to keep track of proposed and included PowerPoint changes. Use this article to track changes made by others.
Really need to wow an audience with a good PowerPoint presentation? Give these tips a try to make an unforgettable impression:
A good PowerPoint presentation gets your audience involved. One of the best PowerPoint tricks is to do that with a quiz. By engaging audiences, a quiz makes your slides memorable.
By adding trivia, you’ll see how to present a PowerPoint in a way that people will love. Channel your inner game-show host today. MIDTEST is a good PowerPoint presentation with quiz slides.
One of the top PowerPoint tips is to illustrate your slides. But you can go beyond simple, rectangular images on each slide.
The Burte template is full of PowerPoint tricks , including custom image masks. Image masks shape photos into unique works of art. And thanks to premium templates, you can style photos just like this. Masks overlay your photos onto geometric shapes, instantly elevating your style.
Wonder how to give a good presentation PPT that audiences will remember? Give them a piece of it to take home.
PowerPoint makes it easy to print handouts with room for notes on the page. This way, audiences can keep copies of your slides, along with their own notes. This is the perfect way to ensure everyone engages with and retains your content.
When you think about how to present a PowerPoint, consider your branding. That means keeping your logo front and center in the eyes of an audience. But if you’re working with a lengthy slide deck, this could seem daunting.
That’s where master slides come in. They’re common in premium layouts, and they’re a leading example of presentation skills for PPT. Master slides let you make bulk edits fast.
Many of the top presentation tips involve making your slides more accessible. Often, that involves sharing them with audiences online.
You’ll often find that email clients and cloud services limit the size of files that you share. This can be a problem with large PPT slide decks. But there are a few quick steps you can take to reduce PPT file size. Cut graphics, scale down photos, and more.
As you consider how to do a good PowerPoint presentation, think of ease of understanding. After all, you’re trying to explain something to your audience.
The Flowcharts in Infographics template seamlessly illustrates ideas and processes. A flowchart maps out a process in a visual way. Instead of resorting to endless narration, try a quick illustration like this. It saves you time and effort, and your audience is sure to thank you.
Using presentation skills for PPT helps form an association between your message and branding. There’s no better way to do that than with your brand colors.
PowerPoint makes it easy to change color themes, adding your brand colors and logo to each slide. This is one of the top PowerPoint tricks for marketing presentations.
A good PowerPoint presentation doesn’t have to be shared through a projector. Use the app and templates to build amazing illustrations to use anywhere.
A template like Soffee helps you learn how to present a PowerPoint easily with a pre-built design.
Try using PowerPoint to create social media posts. It helps you engage with your audience, with no need to design custom layouts from scratch.
One of the top presentation tips in 2024 is to be industry-specific. That means avoiding generic layouts and choosing something more customized.
This offers two key advantages. First, you save time by having layouts built for you. Second, you gain design inspiration for your specific topic. Themed templates are truly the best of both worlds.
The Medical and Health template is a good PowerPoint presentation with a set theme.
Last but not least in our list of PowerPoint tips comes virtual presenting. More and more often, slides will be shared with online audiences around the globe.
Why not design your slides for that very purpose? And then learn how to share flawlessly with a global team? It’s one of the top presentation tips for 2024. Embrace it today.
We’ve built a resource for Microsoft PowerPoint that you’re sure to want to try. It includes countless PowerPoint tips and tricks. It’s called How to Use PowerPoint (Ultimate Tutorial Guide) and has all the PowerPoint design tips you need.
You’ve just seen our favorite powerful PowerPoint presentation tips and guidelines to help you improve your speaking. We’ve also mentioned Envato Elements, an incredible all-you-can-download source for top PowerPoint designs .
Here are five of the best PowerPoint templates that you can use to create your best presentation yet:
Blast off to success with the help of this PowerPoint template! Think of the pre-built slide designs as pro PowerPoint design tips. They’re built by professional graphic designers. All the popular and modern slide styles that are perfect for your next presentation. Use Galaxi’s five styles and 30 designs to create a great presentation.
We selected templates for this article that match the PowerPoint tips and tricks provided. Masmax fits the bill perfectly across its 234 unique slide designs. These slide designs are sure to align with the latest in design expectations.
Style is subjective, but we can all agree that this template is stunning! The light and airy slide designs are built with fashion-focused designs in mind. But that doesn’t mean that it’s not perfect for most presentations. When learning to present a PowerPoint, remember that templates can be customized to suit your purpose.
Peachme has image-focused slides with splashy designs. The slides are colorful and perfect for a modern presentation. Don’t worry about remembering all the PowerPoint design tips because they’re included in the pre-built slides. Use Peachme’s designs for your presentation today.
Buizi markets itself as a real estate focused template. It’s ideal for that purpose because of the minimal, image-focused slide designs. But that also makes it a perfect choice for presentations in many fields.
We’ve just scratched the surface of PowerPoint design tips with these five options. Here are many more, bundled inside of the best roundups on Envato Tuts+:
You’ve already seen effective presentation skills PPT techniques. But you may be wondering exactly how to do a good PowerPoint presentation. It only takes a few clicks. Let’s learn how in just five steps.
For this mini-tutorial, we’ll use the Enjoy PowerPoint Template from Envato Elements. You’ll see that it’s a beautiful template that helps you learn how to present a PowerPoint by giving you every object and layout you need.
Let’s get started:
As you can see, a template like Enjoy has dozens of unique slides inside. The key to how to give a good presentation PPT is to choose only the slides that you need.
One of the best PowerPoint tricks is to start by selecting slides you wish to use from your template.
In PowerPoint, scroll through the sidebar on the left to view different slide layouts. Right-click and choose Delete to remove unwanted designs. Plus, you can click and drag slide thumbnails to reorder them in the deck.
Consider how to do a good PowerPoint presentation without investing a ton of time. That’s where premium templates come in.
One of our top presentation tips when working with a PPT is to lean on the pre-built text boxes for your content.
To add custom text, simply click and select the contents of any text box on your slide. Then, type in your own words. Repeat as needed throughout your slide deck.
With text selected, it’s easy to customize fonts on each slide. Find the Font section on PowerPoint’s Home tab. From there, you’ve got a variety of dropdown options.
Another of our top tips for presentation tricks is to use a custom font setting in your template.
Click to change the font, font size, and more. You can also use the buttons on the left to add bolds, italics, and more.
Need more custom font styles? As an Envato Elements subscriber, you’ve got instant access to thousands of custom fonts . Use them in your presentation with ease.
Slides like this one contain an image placeholder. That’s another advantage found only with premium templates. These make adding images a breeze.
Add images to your PPTX template for more visually interesting slides.
To get started, find an image file stored on your computer. Then, drag and drop it over the placeholder. PowerPoint will import it, sized and scaled for a perfect fit.
One of the top effective presentation skills is changing shape colors. This helps you control the look and feel of each slide.
With a shape selected, find the Shape Format tab on PowerPoint’s ribbon. Then, click on the Shape Fill dropdown. You’ll see a color chooser menu appear. Click on any thumbnail to apply it to the shape or browse through the Gradient and Texture options.
Learning to write, design, and present a PowerPoint presentation is an invaluable skill, no matter where you use it. If you’re a good communicator of important messages, you’ll never go hungry.
Luckily, improving PowerPoint presentations isn’t as hard as it seems. Follow these tips for PowerPoint presentations to design and deliver with greater confidence.
Remember: Less is more (effective) . Use PowerPoint presentation templates for better design and more effective visual impact. And you can customize a PPT template quickly , with the right workflow.
Citing books in apa, print books with one author:.
APA citation format:
Author Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year Published). Title of work . Publisher.
Moriarty, L. (2014). Big little lies . G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
Last name, First initial. Middle initial., Last name, First initial. Middle initial., & Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Date). Title . Publisher.
Goldin, C. D., & Katz, L. F. (2008). The race between education and technology . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Matthews, G., Smith, Y., & Knowles, G. (2009). Disaster management in archives, libraries and museums . Ashgate.
E-books are generally read either on a website, on an e-reader, or on a database.
Author Last Name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year Published). Title of work . https://doi.org/xxxx or http://xxxx
Auster, P. (2007). The Brooklyn follies . http://www.barnesandnoble.com/
To cite your ebooks automatically, use the “Book” form at CitationMachine.com, click “Manual entry mode,” and click the “E-book” tab. Everything will be properly formatted following APA bibliography guidelines.
APA Citation Generator | Website | Books | Journal Articles | YouTube | Images | Movies | Interview | PDF
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Learn how to cite your sources in APA style using a PowerPoint file with slides that review the APA format. Download the file and view it online with PowerPoint Online.
Formatting a Powerpoint Presentation in APA 7th Style. ... You will need in-text citations on a PowerPoint slide where you are quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing someone else's ideas. 3. You also will include a Reference list as your PowerPoint's last slide (or slides).
Revised on December 27, 2023. To reference a PowerPoint presentation in APA Style, include the name of the author (whoever presented the PowerPoint), the date it was presented, the title (italicized), "PowerPoint slides" in square brackets, the name of the department and university, and the URL where the PowerPoint can be found.
Websites you create: For images, include a citation under each image using this format "From: XXXX" and then make the image a link back to the original image ( example - picture of little girl). Or list the citation at the bottom of the web page. For quotes or material from other sources, include an in-text citation that links back to the ...
This page contains reference examples for PowerPoint slides or lecture notes, including the following: Use these formats to cite information obtained directly from slides. If the slides contain citations to information published elsewhere, and you want to cite that information as well, then it is best to find, read, and cite the original source ...
APA for PowerPoint Presentations. The APA manual does not have a section on how to format a PowerPoint presentation, but you can follow APA style guidelines within your PowerPoint. For example: Include the same information on your title slide that you would have on a title page. Include in-text citations for any quote, paraphrase, image, graph ...
Learn how to format a PowerPoint presentation in APA style, including title slide, content slides, citations, and reference page. See examples and tips for slide design and content.
There are no official instructions for formatting a PowerPoint presentation or slideshow in the APA style. However, most colleges/universities, professionals, and educators follow the general guidelines for formatting their slideshows in the APA style: Include an in-text citation for every slide in which you paraphrase, quote, or summarize ...
In general, many rules and guidelines on the citation of sources or writing style can be adapted to make an effective presentation formatted in APA Style, at least as much as PowerPoint can allow given the differences between a slide presentation and an academic paper. For example, a common element you may be asked to include is a References ...
To cite PowerPoint presentation slides, include the author name, year/date of presentation, the title, the source description, the website and/or university name, and the URL where the source can be found. Author Surname, X. Y. (Year, Month Day). Title of the presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Publisher.
Learn how to apply APA Style (7th Edition) to a PowerPoint presentation with this video tutorial. See how to format title slides, body slides, figures, tables, copyrights, and reference lists.
In case there's an unknown author, we replace their name with the title. 3.2. Citing a PowerPoint in APA - Inaccessible Documents. In case your PowerPoint slide is inaccessible to readers, then you have the option to cite the source as personal communication. Let's see how this happens.
The main thing is to follow APA format for your citations. You need a References slide at the end of your presentation (or multiple slides, if you have many sources). Individual slides all need APA style in-text citations where appropriate (i.e. anywhere you've used information not original to you). Best practices for PowerPoint and other ...
The APA manual does not have a section on how to format a PowerPoint presentation, but you can follow APA style guidelines within your PowerPoint. For example: Include the same information on your title slide that you would have on a title page. Include in-text citations for any quote, paraphrase, image, graph, table, data, audio or video file ...
Provide the date of the presentation in parentheses, followed by a period. Add the title of the presentation in italics. Add the retrieval statement, which includes the URL or DOI of the presentation if available. Here's an example of a complete APA citation for a PowerPoint presentation: Meyer, G. (2016).
Understanding In-Text Citations and References for PowerPoint Presentations in APA 7. When citing a PowerPoint presentation in a paper, include the author's last name and year of publication in parentheses after the information used. If a direct quote is used, include the slide number as well. For example: (Smith & Johnson, 2019, slide 3)
When citing such presentations, be sure to include the term "PowerPoint slides" in brackets, and then embed a URL address that leads directly to the original source. Since a PowerPoint presentation is a standalone piece of content that is not archived, you need to include "Retrieved from" before the URL.
Guidelines for APA should also be applied to PowerPoint presentations when required. Any use of outside source material must be documented on the PowerPoint ...
Learn the essentials of citing PowerPoint presentations in APA format, an important skill for academic writing. Follow our step-by-step approach with practical examples for accurate and effective citation of PowerPoint slides.
Cite this Scribbr article. If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the "Cite this Scribbr article" button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator. Driessen, K. (2020, November 30). Citing PowerPoints in APA (6th Edition) | Format & Examples. Scribbr.
This guide will show you how to structure APA citations according to the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th edition) and will show you example citations for different source types. For information on other APA topics—such as formatting your paper, creating a title page, etc.—check out the EasyBib APA format guide. . It even has an example pa
APA Style provides guidelines to help writers determine the appropriate level of citation and how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism. We also provide specific guidance for in-text citation, including formats for interviews, classroom and intranet sources, and personal communications; in-text citations in general; and paraphrases and direct quotations.
One must create parenthetical citations for all graphics used. The PowerPoint presentation must have a slide that is the References page . Normally this would be the last slide. References on the slide are formatted exactly as they would be formatted for the References page of a paper. Below is a Sample PowerPoint in which APA format is used ...
An excerpt from the PowerPoint Presentations section of the page about APA citation style in a presentation: Citations and References. Always include APA-formatted citations to credit the proper authors for information on your slides. If there are multiple citations per slide, include the citation directly after the information. If all ...
Here's a PowerPoint presentation tips and tricks guide that takes you through how to make a good PowerPoint presentation. ... Pick key points and put the rest in an "Appendix" to refer to during the Q&A session at the end. 4. Know Your Audience.
To cite your ebooks automatically, use the "Book" form at CitationMachine.com, click "Manual entry mode," and click the "E-book" tab. Everything will be properly formatted following APA bibliography guidelines.