sample assignment for financial management

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Financial management (Sample assignment)

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Shrikant Panigrahi

This paper provides literature on dividend policy decisions by the corporates in the perspective of shareholder's wealth. Dividend payment is a signal of performance of Firms. If dividend increases, share price will also increases, which leads to the creation of shareholder's wealth. Although, extant literature review have examined issues of dividend policy, still they produced inconclusive results on the dividend policy decisions. Thus a good model that combines dividends with share buybacks is a fairly good compromise due to its advantage of flexibility, tax treatment and intangible gains. Share repurchases leads to better tax treatment than dividend and are more flexible than regular dividends for the company.

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Dividend policy of an organization and how it affects their performance has remained one of the hottest and keenly debated issues till date. In spite of growing bodies of literatures and empirical findings, there has not been any general acceptance or conclusion on the extent dividend policy may influence corporate performance. This study examined dividend policy and corporate performance. The study adopted multiple regression models to examine the selected companies namely Nigerian Breweries Plc, Zenith Bank Nigeria Plc and Guaranty Trust Bank Plc from 2011-2015. The result of the analysis showed that for Nigerian Breweries, profit after tax and return on asset are positively related to dividend while earnings per share has negative relationship with dividend. The result for Zenith Bank shows that earnings per share and return on asset are positively related to dividend while profit after tax has negative relationship with dividend. The result for Guaranty Trust Bank shows that profit after tax has positive relationship with dividend while earnings per share and return on asset are negatively related to dividend. From the findings, the study concludes by agreeing with most of the dividend relevant proponents that dividend matters to corporate performance even though with varying results that tends to support other theories such as dividend residual theory. It therefore recommends that managers must review the opinion of their core investors in deciding dividend policy that meets with their expectations.

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In this paper, the author investigated the influence of management decisions like capital structure, dividend policies, remunerations, credit policy decisions and investment decisions on shareholder wealth maximization. The main objective of this paper is to increase awareness and relationship between management and shareholders of the companies. To achieve the objective, portfolio theory, capital asset pricing model and modern financial theory providing evidence on the linkage between management decisions to shareholder’s value. Shareholders are only concerned about the value of shares of the company and the amount of return in the form of dividend paid. Thus in order to meet the demands of the shareholders of the company, managers needs to increase their abilities and skills to overcome the organizational goals. Thus the main goal of this paper is to discuss on the role of management decisions towards increasing shareholder’s wealth and meet organizational goals.

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The Ultimate Guide to Excelling in Financial Management Assignments

Any business organization must effectively manage its finances, and assignments on the topic give students the chance to learn more about the guiding principles and ideas of efficient financial management. This guide is intended to give you useful tips on how to create an engaging assignment on financial management, whether you are a finance student looking to improve your understanding or a professional looking to improve your financial management skills. You can make sure that your assignment demonstrates a thorough understanding of financial management principles while capturing the attention of your readers by using the techniques described in this article. This guide covers the necessary steps to assist you in writing a well-structured and informative assignment, from outlining key principles to conducting efficient research to defining financial management and emphasizing its significance. The information provided here will direct you towards success in writing financial management assignment , whether your goal is academic excellence or improving your practical financial management skills.

Understanding the Basics of Financial Management

Understanding the foundational ideas of financial management is essential to writing an effective assignment on the subject. Planning, organizing, directing, and controlling financial activities within an organization are all included in financial management. These fundamental ideas will help you build a strong foundation for your assignment. You will be able to analyze and discuss financial management theories, practices, and concepts with greater accuracy once you have this understanding. Furthermore, a thorough understanding of financial management fundamentals guarantees the coherence and logical flow of your assignment. It aids in contextualizing your arguments and enabling you to reach insightful conclusions. Therefore, spend some time becoming familiar with the foundational ideas of financial management before starting the writing process. You can create a well-structured and informed assignment on financial management using this knowledge as a framework.

Define Financial Management

Start by outlining the meaning of financial management in the context of business. Describe how budgeting, financial analysis, financial forecasting, and decision-making are all included in financial management. Maximizing shareholder wealth, ensuring liquidity, managing risks, and optimizing the use of financial resources, are just a few of the key goals of financial management. Give examples of how financial management helps organizations achieve long-term sustainability, facilitate growth, and maintain financial stability.

Discuss the Importance of Financial Management

Examine the value of financial management for businesses of all sizes and in all sectors. Describe how employing sound financial management techniques can boost revenue, improve investment performance, cash flow management, and financial stability. Highlight how important financial management is for guiding resource allocation, assisting in sustainable growth, and supporting strategic decision-making. Give concrete illustrations and case studies to show how businesses have benefited from putting effective financial management strategies into practice as well as the drawbacks of ineffective financial management techniques.

Outline the Key Principles of Financial Management

Describe and enumerate the main guiding principles of financial management. The time value of money, risk and return trade-offs, diversification, leverage, profitability, and the idea of opportunity cost are some of these concepts. Explain each principle in detail, showing how it applies to financial decision-making. Describe how these principles assist financial managers in assessing investment opportunities, controlling financial risks, and enhancing an organization's capital structure. To show the practical applications of these principles in actual financial management situations, back up your explanations with pertinent examples and case studies.

Conducting Research for Your Financial Management Assignment

Writing an informed and comprehensive financial management assignment requires extensive research. The foundation of your work is research, which gives you the facts and figures you need to back up your claims and analyses. This section will describe how to conduct efficient research, assisting you in compiling pertinent and trustworthy sources for your assignment. You can guarantee the accuracy and reliability of the information you include in your assignment by using a variety of sources, including textbooks, scholarly journals, industry reports, and financial databases. Maintaining up-to-date knowledge of current financial trends and laws is also essential to prove that you comprehend the dynamic nature of financial management. You can improve the quality and depth of your assignment by doing thorough research, which will allow you to present arguments and insights in the field of financial management that are solidly supported.

Utilize Diverse Sources

It is essential to consult a variety of sources for your financial management assignment if you want to guarantee its accuracy and dependability. You will gain a thorough understanding of the subject matter if you rely on a variety of sources, including books, scholarly journals, industry reports, reputable websites, and financial databases. To ensure the accuracy of the data and insights you present in your assignment, evaluate the credibility, relevance, and timelessness of the information you incorporate from these sources. You can improve the depth and caliber of your research by incorporating a variety of sources and providing solid evidence to back up your claims and analyses.

Stay Updated with Current Financial Trends

The field of financial management is constantly evolving and changing. It's crucial to keep up with the most recent financial trends, laws, and practices to write an informed and pertinent financial management assignment. You can demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of the dynamic nature of financial management by staying up to date with recent developments. To gather up-to-date information, turn to reliable financial news sources, business networks, and sector-specific publications. Your assignment will demonstrate your ability to analyze actual situations and apply modern financial management principles by incorporating current trends, case studies, and industry insights. Being current will help your assignment sound more credible and show that you are interested in the constantly changing field of financial management.

Structuring Your Financial Management Assignment

Your financial management assignment's structure is an important component that improves readability and makes it possible for you to communicate your ideas. The logical flow of a well-structured assignment ensures that your arguments and analysis are presented understandably and systematically. You can set the stage for what follows by giving a succinct introduction that describes the aim and goals of your assignment. The main body of your assignment can be organized into sections that each concentrate on different facets of financial management. This allows for a methodical investigation of the subject. The organization and readability of your work are further enhanced when subheadings are used within these sections. Finally, a thoughtful conclusion that summarises the main ideas and highlights their importance brings the assignment together successfully. You can effectively engage your readers and present a strong argument in your financial management assignment by following a solid structure. The fundamental components and format for your financial management assignment are described in this section.

Introduction

Start your financial management assignment off strong with a succinct and captivating introduction. Indicate the precise goals you hope to achieve in your assignment's purpose and objectives, which should be stated clearly. Introduce the subject of financial management by emphasizing its importance and relevance in the fast-paced business environment of today. Give the reader a glimpse of the insightful knowledge they can expect to learn from reading your work by giving a brief overview of the important topics you will be covering in your assignment. You will lay a solid foundation for the remainder of your assignment by establishing the scene and a clear direction from the outset.

The main body of your financial management assignment should be divided into logical sections, each of which should focus on a different facet of the subject. Ensure that sections flow into one another seamlessly to allow for a logical progression of ideas. Include pertinent theoretical frameworks, case studies, and empirical data to back up your claims and analysis. Use subheadings to effectively organize your content so that readers can navigate your assignment and understand the main ideas. You can show that you have a thorough understanding of financial management by putting forth arguments that are supported by a variety of sources and engaging your readers in thought-provoking debates.

Reiterate the important ideas covered in your work throughout your financial management assignment. Summarise the key conclusions and revelations from your study, focusing on their importance in the context of financial management. Restate the main goals of your assignment and demonstrate how you met them successfully in your work. To encourage readers to learn more about the subject in-depth, you should also think about making recommendations for additional research or discussing the useful implications of your findings. A strong conclusion leaves a lasting impression on your audience, reinforcing the significance of your research and giving them something to ponder.

Writing Tips for Your Financial Management Assignment

Effective communication and attention to detail are necessary when writing a financial management assignment. This section offers helpful advice to improve the caliber of your assignment. You can make sure that your readers can understand your ideas by using clear, concise language. Strengthening your analysis and giving your work credibility by supplying pertinent data and evidence to support your claims. To remove errors and increase clarity, proper editing and proofreading are also crucial. Academic integrity requires consistency in referencing and adherence to the proper citation style. Additionally, readability is improved by logically structuring your assignment and organizing your thoughts coherently. By using these writing suggestions, you can create a strong financial management assignment that shows off your knowledge and comprehension of the subject. Take into account the following writing advice to make sure your assignment is effective and clear:

Use Clear and Concise Language

It's crucial to convey your ideas concisely and clearly when writing your financial management assignment. Avoid confusing your readers with jargon and technical terms. Instead, make an effort to speak simply and clearly. To ensure comprehension and give context to your readers, define any technical terms you use. Your assignment will be easier to read and more accessible to a wider audience if you use clear, concise language.

Support Your Arguments with Evidence

It is crucial to support your claims and arguments with pertinent facts and figures to give your financial management assignment more credibility. When necessary, use tables, graphs, and charts to visually illustrate your points and improve comprehension. Follow the proper referencing style and make sure to consistently and accurately cite your sources. By providing evidence to back up your claims, you show that you have a thorough understanding of the subject at hand and lay the groundwork for your analysis and conclusions.

Proofread and Edit Your Assignment

Spend some time carefully editing and proofreading your financial management assignment before turning it in. Check your assignment carefully for grammatical, spelling, and punctuation errors to make sure it is error-free. Make sure your assignment reads well and is coherent, with logical connections between ideas and paragraphs. Edit your work for readability, clarity, and logical content organization. This entails looking over your sentences for clarity, your writing for consistency, and your assignment as a whole for the overall structure. You can polish your assignment and present a polished piece of work by going through a thorough proofreading and editing process.

In conclusion, writing a financial management assignment necessitates having a firm understanding of the subject and strong research abilities. You can write an engaging essay by studying the foundations of financial management, doing extensive research, and logically arranging your assignment. It is essential to use clear and concise language, back up your claims with proof, and carefully proofread your assignment for accuracy and clarity. By putting these techniques into practice, you'll not only impress your readers but also gain a deeper understanding of this important subject. Accept the challenge, implement the advice in this manual, and let your assignment serve as a showcase for your expertise in and enthusiasm for financial management. Wishing you luck as you complete your assignment!

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Financial Management Report

Report generator.

When you do business, you know for a fact that managing your finances is a part of the job. Being able to manage how much money you are going to spend on projects, on maintaining the business and how much you will need to keep up with your budget is important. This is why it is not something of a surprise to see businessmen and women writing up management reports that focus mainly on the financial aspects of their business. Are you thinking about making a report for your financial management? Check out the examples for them and start right away.

10+ Financial Management Report Examples

1. financial management report template.

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What Is a Financial Management Report?

A financial management report is a written document that provides information about how a company, a business, or an organization can function in the way it should through managing the financial aspects of the business. The report acts as a roadmap to help find the right balance and path to a successful business or a successful financial outcome. 

In addition, due to the nature of these documents, how a financial management report is addressed and administered will be based on the previous annual financial reports that were made. The main purpose of this report is to give a periodic view of the financial status of a business, a company or an organization. The report is to track down any issues regarding the financial status or financial budget of that given month or quarter.

How to Create a Financial Management Report

Creating a financial management report is crucial for any business, company, or organization to thrive. Especially one with a tight budget. As you continue with your report, take a look at some of the steps to creating a financial management report and what you should and should not add to it.

Step 1: Create a Financial Budget for the Entire Year

The first thing to be seen in your report is to create a financial budget for the entire year. You can also check out your financial budgets from the previous years to get a good glimpse of whether or not your previous budgets can be added to your current ones.

Step 2: Make Some Cost Estimates for Projects

The next part of your report will be to make some cost estimates for projects. Since this is a financial management report, it is expected to also add in cost estimates for projects that would benefit the company or the business. In order to get the proper budget for these kinds of projects, writing a cost estimate is beneficial.

Step 3: List Down in Details the Projects and Resources Used

Apart from the cost estimates, you must also add a summary of details regarding your projects and the financial resources used. This will give you a rundown of how much budget is required for this and see whether or not it may affect the overall budget being proposed or given.

Step 4: Review Your Report before Handing It Over

The last part of your report is to review. Simply put, to make sure that all the important aspects and details of the report are written down. The budget, the projects, and the management of the budget as well. It is also the best way to see whether or not you need to make some changes to your report.

What is a financial management report?

A type of report that focuses mainly on how to manage a financial budget that covers projects and tasks for an organization, a company, or a business. The report acts as a roadmap that gives businessmen the right path to take so they do not suffer from huge financial losses.

What are other types of budget reports?

The types of budget reports are:

• Monthly budget management reports
• Budget reports
• Project budget reports

When can a financial management report be written?

Many companies often write this report before the year ends, but others write them within the first month. When you are going to write it will depend on the company or the business.

When doing business, companies and organizations know that a financial report is part of the paperwork they go through. The report explains the ongoing progress of the financial budget they make for a year, a quarter, or even a month. It shows them where the budget is going and how it is being processed.

Text prompt

• Instructive
• Professional

Generate a report on the impact of technology in the classroom on student learning outcomes

Prepare a report analyzing the trends in student participation in sports and arts programs over the last five years at your school.

Financial Management : Sample Assignment

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INTRODUCTION OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENT SAMPLE

Rationale behind choosing tesco, performance analysis, profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, working capital ratio, capital structure, stock market performance, limitation of ratio analysis, conclusion and recommendation.

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Financial management is the arrangement of funds with an aim to achieve desired objective of the organisation in an effective and efficient manner. This is the differentiated function that is associated with the top management (Ahrendsen and Katchova, 2012). The main purpose of preparing this report is to determine the financial position of the company by calculating various ratios. In addition to this, impact of legal, political, economic and tax changes on the financial statements of the company is also evaluated. Along with this, the other purpose of preparing this report is to find out the stock market performance of the company. In regard to all this, weakness of ratio analysis will be assessed to improve the same. In order to study the financial statements of the company, ratio analysis has been done by using various secondary data sources like internet, books and journals.

The main purpose of choosing Tesco is to determine the financial performance of the company for the last five years. Tesco is a multinational company of UK which deals in all types of consumer goods.

In the following report, Tesco has been taken into consideration. It is a multinational retail and grocery company which deals in all types of consumer products. It is the third largest retail company headquartered in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire. This company is a public limited company listed on London Stock exchange. This company was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen. In the year 1990, Tesco has repositioned its structure and move on from state down-market and low-cost retailer ( Tesco PLC ADR , 2015). This in turn proves to be very successful for the company. Tesco had a market capitalization of around £18.1 billion up to 22 April 2015.

Tesco is one of the fastest growing companies in retail industry. It is continuously providing new and innovative consumer goods which in turn attract the large number of customer. As it is a growing company so analysing the financial statements of this company will prove to be very beneficial for us. Another reason of using this company is to analyse its financial position and to decide whether investing in this company prove to be beneficial or not. It is one of the growing industries which in turn will provide lot of reliable data in order to analyse the financial performance of various industry. In addition to this, retail industry is one of the fastest growing company which in turn will help to find out the latest trend that are taking place in the corporate world.

Profitability ratio indicates the part of the sales revenue that is covered by the gross profit. This ratio also indicates the firm’s ability control its direct expenses (Estrada, 2005). In order to measure firm’s performance on cost control, it is necessary to compare current year ratio value with the previous year. If sales is growing rapidly but direct expenses grow at slow pace, then it means that firm is keeping good control on direct expenses.

Interpretation

Gross profit ratio of the Tesco is declining continuously and in last year, it was negative. This reflects that every year firm is earning less gross profit on sales. There is an increase in previous year’s sales but gross profit increases at slow rate. Hence, it can be said that less control on direct expenses is one the main reasons which are responsible for the decline of the firm’s gross profit. On the other hand, there is a net profit ratio which indicates the proportion of the net profit on sales. This also reflects firm’s capability to control indirect expenses. Net profit ratio of the firm is declining sharply and it was negative in the last fiscal year. This shows that condition of the firm is very critical. This decline is observed in the sales because there was loose control on the indirect expenses of the firm. There may be many other reasons that are responsible for the low net profit. Due to recession, demand for products fall from people side and due to this reason, Tesco earns low amount of profit on sales. In the retail industry, there is a stiff competition and due to this reason, firms operating in this industry are continuously reducing their product’s prices. This leads to low earning of margin on sales. Tesco is also compelled to reduce its product price and due to this reason; it is earning low profit on per unit of sales. This is the basic reason behind decline in profit.

Current ratio- This ratio indicates the firm’s liquidity position. If current ratio is increased, then it means that firm has large amount of current assets to meet its current liability on time (Kastantin, 2005). Current ratio of the Tesco is fluctuating steadily. It shows good increase in current ratio at good growth rate but also declines at fast rate as well. However, in past years, its performance was not good this is because; it failed to beat benchmark of 2:1 which is a set standard. It is even when its current ratio value failed to become 1. Current figure of current ratio indicates that for every one pound of current liability, firm has 0.67 pound of current assets. Hence, firm is not in the position to pay its current liabilities on time. It can be said that firm needs to make lots of efforts in order to improve its liquidity position in the business.

Quick ratio- This ratio gives a clear picture of firm’s liquidity position than current ratio. In this ratio, same formula is applied but prepaid expenses and stock are not included in the company’s current assets. Hence, quick ratio shows company’s liquidity position in a proper manner. Quick ratio of Tesco is also declining steadily and the one main thing on which attention is needed is that there is a huge gap in the current and quick ratio. This reflects that stock and prepaid expenses cover a large portion of the Tesco’s current assets. On this basis, it is stated that firm must try to make its liquidity position as strong as possible.

Working capital is calculated by the company in order to find out the efficiency and short term financial health of the company (Leong, Pagani and Zaima, 2009).

As per the above calculation, it can be interpreted that working capital of the company is constantly fluctuating. Company's current assets are less as compared to current liabilities. The reason behind this situation can be that company is not able to make payment to its creditors on time. Therefore, in order to overcome this problem, company should start preparing various strategies and financial activities in advance.

Capital structure shows how a company is able to finance its overall activities and operations by using various sources of finance. Debt of the company includes all types of bonds that are issued by the company (Nissim and Penman, 2001). On the other hand, shareholders equity includes retained earnings, preference shares, equity shares and many more things.. Below is the calculation of debt-equity ratio of Tesco. 

As per the above calculation, it can be interpreted that company's debt is more as compared to that of equity which is not a good sign. In order to be successful, equity of the company should always be more as compared to that of its debt. In short, it can be said that debt is the expense of the company and equity is the income.

In the above calculation, it can be seen that debt equity ratio of Tesco is constantly increases. From year 2011 to 2014, debt equity ratio was growing at a slow rate, but in year 2015, its capital structure ratio increases at a high speed. This is turn shows that firm is not able to properly manage all its operations. Liabilities of the Tesco are constantly increasing. In addition to this, it also indicates that Tesco is not able to pay to its creditors on time due to which its liabilities are constantly increasing. The reason behind this condition can be that Company is not able to reduce the cost of its production. Change in economic condition of the organization can also be one of the reasons for the reduction in the level of equity. It also shows that they are not able to maintain the balance between its inflow and outflow of cash. In addition to this, they are also not able to hold a balance between assets and liabilities of the enterprise.

Stock market is the place where large number of brokers comes together with an aim to buy and sell the stock and various other securities of the different companies. This is the market where electronic trading process takes place (Werner and Brand, 2001).

Henceforth, stock market performance is the presentation of the company over a certain specified time period. This helps the company to enhance financial performance of the particular company. By analysing this performance, one can conclude whether company is growing or moving towards downward.

Therefore, the stock market performance of Tesco Company is listed below: 

On the basis of the above chart, it can be concluded that financial position of Tesco is not good. Its market share is continuously fluctuating. After analysing the last past five years performance of the company, it is seen that from continuous five years, market share of Tesco is declining. In year 2013, it was able to grow its market share as compared to 2012. But still it was not able to grow at high rate. Its market share still shows the negative balance.

Again in the year 2014, its market share again declines at a high rate as compared to 2013. Market share of Tesco’s shows a falling trend from -5.42% to -43.12%. Likewise, in the year 2015, Tesco has made great efforts to grow. It was able to increase its market share from -43.12% to -4.10%. But it cannot be ignored that its market share still shows a negative balance.

Thus, after analysing the overall performance of Tesco, it can be concluded that financial position of the company is not good. Therefore, it is recommended that Tesco should start focusing more on the formation of its strategies with an aim to reduce its cost of production. In addition to this, they should bring innovation in its products.

Ratio analysis can be used to compare the financial statements of various companies and to gain general understanding about the results. But at the same time, it cannot be ignored that there are various limitations of conducting ratio analysis. Some of the weaknesses are as follows:-

• Historical: - All the data that are collected for the purpose of calculating ratios are actually derived from the historical data. The data is not the current data. And it may not be necessary that the same condition or results of the company will be carried forward in future (Ye, Wang and Zheng, 2015). It may change after sometime. Thus, in order to achieve the consistency ratio performance, analysis can be done on Performa information and afterwards comparing the same with historical results may prove to be beneficial.
• Inflation: - Rate of inflation can change at any time period. For instance; the rate of inflation in year 2012 was 100%, in that case sales of products will appear to be double but actual sales of the product do not change.
• Accounting policies: - Different types of policies are adopted by different companies for recording similar financial transaction. This means that two different products are compared together. For instance, suppose one company record the sales of the firm at gross while the other organization to do the same on net basis.
• Company strategies: - Comparing the ratio of two organizations is made by considering different strategies that can prove to be very problematic. For example; suppose one company is considering the low-cost strategy and accept to earn lower gross margin in exchange to the high market shares. On the other hand, another company is considering the high customer services strategy and are accepting to earn higher gross margin and price.
• Past information: - Ratio analysis is done by considering the past data. But the users are much concern about the current and future data ( Contents, 2015 ).
• Data collected from balance sheet: - While calculating the ratio analysis, the data is collected from the balance sheet. But the information recorded in the balance sheet is the one that is generally recorded at the end of the reporting period. If the balance reduces on the reporting date, then it can create an adverse impact on the outcome of the ratio analysis.
• Business environment: - Irregular business environment of the various organisations can also affects the ratio analyses. For example: - 40 days outstanding sales may considered to be poor at the time of rapid growing sales. But the same may prove to be good at the time of economic contraction.
• Selection of different sources of finance: - Ratio of the companies cannot be compared for those who use different sources of finance. For example, one company may purchase the property while other is leasing the same or some other firm finances its business unit by using long term borrowing whereas the other may collect funds from shareholders or from reserves.
• Accounting practices : - Different accounting practices can affect analyses of the ratio even when the comparison is done for the similar company. For example- LIFO v/s FIFO or leasing v/s buying equipments.

On the basis of above report, it can be concluded that financial position of Tesco from the last five year is not good. Its liabilities and debts are constantly increasing and assets and equity are reducing. This indicates that the company is not properly able to manage its all operations. In addition to this, it can interpret that Tesco’s gross profit and net profit ratio are reducing constantly. While in the year 2015, it has been seen that company's gross profit and net profit margin reduces at a high speed. Company has suffered a huge loss in year 2015. The current assets of the company are less as compared to its current liabilities for the last five years. Recommendation

After analysing the financial position of the company by calculating various ratios, it can be interpreted that company is not doing well. Therefore, recommendations that can be followed by the Tesco in order to improve its financial position have been discussed below:

• Tesco should make efforts to reduce the cost of sales and manufacturing. This in turn will help the company to generate more and more revenue. In addition to this, company will also be able to grow up from negative trends and start generating profit.
• Tesco should try to introduce new and innovative products in the market. But before doing so, company should start doing research and take feedback from the customers. This in turn will help the company to analyse the latest trend, taste and preference of the customers. After which company will be able to manufacture accordingly ( Financial ratios , 2015).
• Tesco should make an attempt to change the perception of customers. Positive perception will help Tesco to grow.
• This retail firm should also try to reduce their expenses and generate more income.
• Company should make an attempt to choose the best source of finance for raising its capital. They should analyse whether the selected source will generate more income or will increase the debt of the company.
• Company should prepare various strategies in advance in order to overcome any uncertainty that can occur due to change in internal and external environment ( Tesco PLC ADR, 2015). Formation of these strategies will also help the company to analyse the price of its competitor’s products.
• Tesco should also start planning all its financial activities in advance in order to overcome various uncertainties, maintain the flow of cash, proper utilization of available resources and to effectively distribute the resource and capital in each and every department. This in turn will help the company to avoid the condition of deficit and surplus outcomes.

Books and Journals

Ahrendsen, L. B. and Katchova, L. A., 2012. Financial ratio analysis using ARMS data. Agricultural Finance Review. 72(2). pp. 262 – 272.

Estrada, J., 2005. Adjusting P/E ratios by growth and risk: the PERG ratio. International Journal of Managerial Finance. 1(3). pp. 187 – 203.

Kastantin, T. J., 2005. Beyond earnings management: Using ratios to predict Enron's collapse. Managerial Finance. 31(9). pp.35 – 51.

Leong, K., Pagani, M. and Zaima, K. J., 2009. Portfolio strategies using EVA, earnings ratio or book‐to‐market: Is one best?. Review of Accounting and Finance. 8(1). pp. 76 – 86.

Nissim, D. and Penman, S. H., 2001. Ratio analysis and equity valuation: From research to practice. Review of accounting studies. 6(1). pp. 109-154.

Werner, R. A and Brand, W. A., 2001. Referencing strategies and techniques in stable isotope ratio analysis. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 15(7). pp. 501-519.

Ye, X., Wang, D. and Zheng, X., 2015. Effects of density ratio and diameter ratio on penetration of rotation projectile obliquely impacting a granular medium. Engineering Computations. 32(40). pp. 1025 – 1040.

Contents. 2015. [PDF]. Available through: < https://investor.ryanair.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Annual-Report-2015.pdf> . [Accessed on 10 th  February, 2016].

Financial ratios. 2015. [Online]. Available through: < http://www.cpaclass.com/fsa/ratio-01a.htm>.[Accessed on 10 th  February, 2016 ].

Summary of the balanced scorecard concepts . 2015. [Online]. Available through: < http://maaw.info/BalScoreSum.htm> . [Accessed on 10 th February, 2016].

Tesco PLC ADR. 2015. [Online]. Available through: < http://financials.morningstar.com/balance-sheet/bs.html?t=TSCDY&region=usa&culture=en-US>. [Accessed on 10 th February, 2016 ].

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MGT 2220: Principles of Management (Assignment)

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Term assignment.

TERM PROJECT

• Background and Context: Discuss type of industry, products/services, and how organizational vision and strategies have influenced their management.
• Analysis of current managerial style and organizational culture.
• One NEW recommendation by you that the company can embark on in the near future meaning the next one to three years. This can be a goal to fix issues the company may be experiencing, or to address new endeavors from a growth perspective. Ensure that these align with the organization’s vision and values.   This recommendation must not be identical or very similar to anything the organization is planning already or is currently involved in.  The management involves the four functions of management being applied to achieve some type of organizational goal.
• For your recommendation you will select one goal that will be accomplish. This goal must be a specific goal following the SMART goal setting theory. That means the goal must be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time bound.
• Once your goal is selected for your new strategic initiative you will complete the following four areas regarding the four functions of management.

List and describe the 4 functions of management.  Then, for each of the functions describe how your goal will be achieved by the organization. This section should be approximately eight paragraphs. Four paragraphs to describe the four functions, and then four paragraphs to apply the four functions to how the organization will address your recommendation.

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