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Growing vegetables

Crops to classrooms: how school farms are growing student engagement

W hen teachers at west London's Phoenix High School decided to build a small vegetable plot in 2007, they had no idea that their modest garden would blossom into a three-quarter acre farm with chickens, rabbits and a 32-seat outdoor classroom.

"We decided to create not just a food growing space but a whole learning zone," explains Garry McMillan, director of development at the White City secondary school. "This is not just about growing vegetables but looking at learning in a whole different way."

There are more than 100 school farms now running in the UK and, according to the School Farms Network, 100 more are in the pipeline. McMillan claims the farm can be used to teach any subject, whether it's crop rotation in geography, history of agriculture or geometry in maths. The practical element which the farm injects into lessons has resulted in students who have typically struggled academically engaging significantly more and flourishing in the classroom.

With a quarter of primary school leavers in the area considered obese , using the farm to educate children and the local community about healthy eating is a top priority for Phoenix. Primary schools and members of the community have been encouraged to get involved with the project and a full-time nutritionist was hired to educate under-11s about diet.

A decade ago, Carshalton Boys Sports College faced a similar challenge. Not only did it have one of the worst achievement records in the country but its school dinners were also a recipe for disaster. Headteacher Simon Barber knew the only way to bring the Surrey secondary back from the brink was to change the entire school culture. You are what you eat, so Barber made sure the food menu was an integral part of that overhaul.

He took a scrap of land on the school site – located right in the middle of one of Europe's biggest council estates – and built 20 allotments growing organic fruit and vegetables. Students are responsible for everything grown in the raised beds and the crops go to the kitchen to be cooked by the chef or sold to staff and parents. Even the eggs from the school's 13 chickens are used to rustle up a nutritious meal for the growing boys.

While the farm has played a central role in the curriculum – from GCSE rural science studies to lessons on running a business – the importance of teaching students how to eat and cook healthily cannot be underestimated.

Deputy headteacher, Jenny Gaylor, explains: "It's a massively deprived area. What we've noticed is 10 or eight years ago, kids would be very reluctant to try new foods. Even if you had healthier foods on the menu, they would choose the safe option. What we've done over the years is, through a combination of teaching kids where food comes from, teaching them how to cook and making the whole experience fun, we've created a situation where they will try new things.

"They are now active customers who demand good food and there is a real dialogue between the boys and the chefs in the kitchen."

Understanding how our food arrives on our plates, from soil to market, is one of the key learning objectives at Ashley Primary School in Walton on Thames. The school's farm began with just seven small beds for growing. Now the plot of land has expanded to include vegetable beds with potatoes, cauliflower, and broccoli, a berry area featuring gooseberries, raspberries and strawberries, a fruit zone and a place to grow summer crops such as green beans and salads.

Each year group has been given responsibility for a different part of the farm, with their tasks linked to curriculum subjects. For example, while year 4 focus on berries to learn about the natural plants the Tudors once used as dyes, year 2 work with the bees to understand the importance of pollination and year 1 study wildflowers. The idea, headteacher Richard Dunne explains, is that by the end of their primary studies, children will have a more holistic understanding of the entire agricultural process.

Dunne says he wanted to really engage the students in a discussion of how food grows and sustainable farming by making them part of that whole process.

Through the farm, he adds, the students build a real connection and relationship with the world in which they live. If children don't have this relationship, if they don't feel the soil in their hands, then it really doesn't matter to them. They won't care where their food comes from.

He says: "If we're really serious about teaching green issues, not just climate change and energy consumption, but actually understanding the whole process of how carbon fuels our transport systems which bring us food from all over the world, particularly in the winter, then they are not going to make considered choices in what they eat and what they buy.

"I have mixed feelings about the new curriculum, but one of the things I do think is good is that there is a strong emphasis on local, seasonal learning in science. So, schools are really going to have to start to address growing food and learning about their local biodiversity."

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write an essay about your school farm

How to Write an Essay about Your School

write an essay about your school farm

If you’re hoping to draft an insightful essay about your school, you’re in the right place! Writing an essay about your school offers an opportunity to share your experiences, the unique features of your school, and why it is important to you.

In this tutorial, I’ll guide you through five straightforward steps to pen such an essay effectively. Alongside these steps, we’ll craft a sample essay to demonstrate how you can apply these steps in practice. Ready to begin? Let’s dive in!

Step 1. Plan the word count for your essay’s paragraphs.

Planning the word count for each paragraph in your essay is a helpful initial step, which can make the writing process smoother and faster. Remember, a typical essay comprises three key parts:

  • The introductory paragraph
  • Three body paragraphs
  • The concluding paragraph

For example, you want a 300-word paragraph. Here’s one way to distribute 300 words across five paragraphs:

write an essay about your school farm

That’s all you need for your essay — five solid paragraphs.

Step 2. Choose your central theme and supporting points.

Firstly, decide on a central theme that encapsulates your school experience. This will provide a coherent thread for your entire essay. When choosing your theme, think about what defines your school. What are the core values? What unique attributes does it possess?

For our sample essay, let’s use this as our central theme: “My school, Greenfield High, stands out for its emphasis on community, innovative teaching methods, and commitment to the arts.”

Next, we will apply the Power of Three to break down this main theme into three supporting points. The Power of Three is a three-part structure that aids you in crafting your body paragraphs.

write an essay about your school farm

In our case, we will focus on three features that define Greenfield High:

  • Greenfield High fosters a strong sense of community.
  • Innovative teaching methods are a hallmark of Greenfield High.
  • Greenfield High shows a deep commitment to the arts.

With these in mind, we can now begin to write our essay!

Step 3. Write the introductory paragraph.

To write an introductory paragraph , you can follow the diagram below:

write an essay about your school farm

The introductory paragraph should begin with an engaging opener that sets the context for the essay. Following this, you should introduce your central theme and your three supporting points. Here’s our example:

Introductory Paragraph

“Schools can profoundly shape our lives, molding us through their unique cultures, methodologies, and focus areas. My school, Greenfield High, stands out for its emphasis on community, innovative teaching methods, and commitment to the arts. Its sense of community fosters cooperation and mutual respect among students, its innovative teaching methods stimulate our intellectual curiosity, and its commitment to the arts provides a rich, expressive outlet for students.”

Step 4. Write the body paragraphs.

Next, we’ll develop three body paragraphs to elaborate on our supporting points.

write an essay about your school farm

Each paragraph should begin with a topic sentence that summarizes the paragraph’s main idea, followed by explanation and examples.

Paragraph 1

“Greenfield High fosters a strong sense of community, which has deeply impacted my school experience. Its student-led initiatives and regular community outreach programs have taught us the value of teamwork and public service. For instance, our annual ‘Greenfield Gives Back’ campaign, where students volunteer in local charities, has not only benefited our local community but also fostered a sense of responsibility and empathy in us students.”

Paragraph 2

“The innovative teaching methods adopted by Greenfield High are another defining feature. Teachers often integrate technology into their lessons, enhancing our understanding and making the learning process more interactive. I remember how our geography teacher used virtual reality to explore different ecosystems, turning abstract concepts into immersive experiences.”

Paragraph 3

“Lastly, Greenfield High’s commitment to the arts is exceptional. The school offers numerous art programs and supports artistic events like art festivals and music competitions, providing students with opportunities to express themselves and develop their talents. For example, participating in our annual school musical has allowed me to explore my passion for performing arts and has greatly boosted my confidence.”

Notice how each body paragraph begins with a topic sentence, followed by further explanation and examples.

Step 5. Write the concluding paragraph.

The concluding paragraph is best written by paraphrasing the points made in your introductory paragraph. Avoid copying and pasting; instead, refer back to your introductory paragraph and restate the points in a new way. Let’s apply this method to our sample essay:

“Schools greatly influence our formative years through their unique characteristics. Greenfield High, with its emphasis on community, innovative teaching methods, and commitment to the arts, has shaped my educational journey in significant ways. Its strong sense of community has instilled in me the importance of cooperation and service. Its innovative teaching methods have fostered my intellectual curiosity. Finally, its dedication to the arts has allowed me to express myself creatively and grow my confidence.”

With this approach, writing the conclusion becomes quick and straightforward.

And there you have it! I hope you find this tutorial useful as you craft your own essay about your school.”

Tutor Phil is an e-learning professional who helps adult learners finish their degrees by teaching them academic writing skills.

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Essay on Farm Animals: Samples for School Students in English

write an essay about your school farm

  • Updated on  
  • Jan 27, 2024

Essay On Farm Animals

Farm animals are domesticated for farm and agricultural purposes, such as food & fiber, labor, and other related activities. Some of the most popular farm animals are cows, buffalos, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits, chickens or hens, pigs, etc. In India, the White Revolution is associated with farm animals’ dairy production and was launched to make India a self-dependent country in milk production. The father of the white revolution , Verghese Kurien, was an Indian dairy engineer and social entrepreneur determined to make India a self-reliant country in milk production. Today. Primary and secondary school students are often asked to write an essay on farm animals. An essay on farm animals must cover all the dimensions of this topic, such as historical background, major developments, current situation, and future missions. Today, we will provide school students with some samples of essay on farm animals. Stay tuned.

Table of Contents

  • 1 Essay on Farm Animals for Class 3
  • 2 Short Essay on Farm Animals for Class 5
  • 3 Essay on Farm Animals in 350 Words

Also Read: English Essay Topics

Also Read: How to Write an Essay in English

Also Read: Essay on Cow for All Class

Essay on Farm Animals for Class 3

‘Cows, pigs, chickens, goats, sheep, and buffalo are all farm animals. These animals are domesticated by humans for agricultural and dairy purposes. Cows, buffaloes, and goats are domesticated for milk production. Moreover, these animals are big and strong, because of which they are also used to graze the farmland. With the help of these farm animals, farmers can produce better agricultural products. 

Other animals such as goats, and sheep are used to produce meat, wool, and fiber. Wool is obtained by shearing fleece from sheep and goats. In modern times, farm animals are also used for public shows and entertainment views. However, this is wrong from the welfare point of view. Such activities hamper the natural living of farm animals, as it removes them from their natural habitat.

Farm animals are just as important as human beings. They play an important role in maintaining the ecological balance. We use them for various purposes. It is our moral duty to take care of them and provide them with adequate food, shelter and healthcare services. 

Also Read: Essay on Indian Farmers in 100, 200, and 350 Words

Short Essay on Farm Animals for Class 5

‘Farm animals are domesticated by humans for the production of milk and dairy products, agricultural activities, grazing the farmland, and other activities. The domestication of animals by humans started more than 5000 years ago, with dogs being the first domesticated animal. Later on, cattle, goats, sheep, and other animals were domesticated. Dogs and cats are pets. In some places, dogs are used on farms for the protection of farm animals from wild animals. Dogs have a unique ability to bark, which can be heard from a distance.

In today’s world, some of the most popular farm animals are cows, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens. All of these animals serve different purposes, such as milk production, agricultural activities, poultry production, animal grazing, etc. 

Big animals like buffalos, horses, and even cows, who are no longer needed for milk production are also used to carry heavy loads or for transportation. This activity is still prevalent in rural areas. 

The milk we drink, eggs we eat, our agricultural products, etc. are all produced by farm animals. 

These foods are rich in protein and vitamins, which are essential for our growth. These animals are very important to us, not because they offer us so many products, but because they are part of our natural environment.

Also Read: Speech on Republic Day for Class 12th

Essay on Farm Animals in 350 Words

‘Farm animals are an important part of our natural environment, as they keep balance in our ecosystem and are used by humans for food production in the primary sector, and other physical activities. Cows, horses, goats, sheep, chickens, and pigs are some of the farm animals that provide us with various nutritious food and dairy products for our everyday life. 

Farm animals play a major role in the production of protein-rich foods, which is essential for human growth and development. Cattle, chickens, pigs, sheep, and goats are domesticated for their meat, which forms an important part of diets globally. On top of that, chickens and ducks contribute to egg production, providing a rich source of proteins and essential nutrients.

Cows, goats, and sheep are milk and dairy product animals. These animals are valued for their milk, a versatile and nutritious resource. Dairy products are further used to manufacture products like cheese, butter, yogurt, and cotton cheese. 

Sheep and yogurt are not only domesticated for milk and meat but also for wool and cashmere. Our textile and clothing products are made from these wools to keep us warm in cold climatic conditions. 

Horses, oxen, and other large animals were domesticated in farms for labor work. These animals have the physical strength to carry heavy loads and are still in use today. In rural areas, people use horses, cows, and buffaloes to carry freight and people.

Farm animals are essential for a sustainable and holistic environment.  They not only provide us with food and materials but also contribute to ecological balance. These animals are responsible for ethical practices in animal husbandry and ensure the well-being of these creatures and the continued sustainability of farming practices. 

We humans always keep our needs on top of the list neglect the basic requirements of other animals and exploit resources. Look at the food we waste, the animals we kill, the environment we pollute, etc. We have to maintain a balance between our needs and the welfare of farm animals. We must recognize the invaluable contributions of these animals to our agricultural ecosystem.

Also Read: Essay on Agriculture: Short Essay in 100 and 200 Words

Ans: Cows, buffaloes, pigs, goats, sheep horses, pigs, and chickens are all farm animals.

Ans: Farm animals are domesticated for the production of milk and dairy products, agricultural activities, grazing the farmland, and other activities. The domestication of animals by humans started more than 5000 years ago, with dogs being the first domesticated animal. Later on, cattle, goats, sheep, and other animals were domesticated. Dogs and cats are pets. In some places, dogs are used on farms for the protection of farm animals from wild animals. Dogs have a unique ability to bark, which can be heard from a distance.

Ans: 10 lines on farm animals: 1. Farm animals are an important part of our natural environment. 2. Farm animals maintain balance in our ecosystem and are used by humans for food production in the primary sector, and other physical activities. 3. Cows, horses, goats, sheep, chickens, and pigs are some of the farm animals that provide us with various nutritious food and dairy products for our everyday life.  4. Horses and other large animals are used to carry heavy loads. 5. Farm animals play a major role in the production of protein-rich foods. 6. These foods are essential for human growth and development.  7. Cattle, chickens, pigs, sheep, and goats are domesticated for their meat, which forms an important part of diets globally. 8. Our textile and clothing products are made from these wools to keep us warm in cold climatic conditions. 9. Farm animals are essential for a sustainable and holistic environment. 10. These animals not only provide us with food and materials but also contribute to ecological balance.

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With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

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15 RELEVANT ANIMAL FARM ESSAY IDEAS

Reading for pleasure allows enjoying the process instead of forcing yourself to make it through. Most of the people who start reading George Orwell's "Animal Farm" share that they are immersed in the novel completely. Even those who tell that books aren't their cup of tea agree that this story is a masterpiece.

Still, choosing the proper "Animal Farm" essay ideas to discuss in an academic paper isn't an easy task. Writing a good essay on this topic can be a challenge. That's because the book itself is rather philosophical - there's a lot of issues to analyze. The narrator covers many aspects related to politics, history, sociology, and psychology, and any area will be a relevant ground for your writing. You may ask how it is possible to highlight those issues if the book is about animals. But, while working on your homework assignment on "Animal Farm," you will discover the meaning of different techniques author uses to deliver his ideas.

As in the case with many other writings, an essay on Orwell's novel aims to make a student analyze the concepts, images, and messages covered in the book. And, if you are going to write a good essay, the first and major step remains the same - you have to choose and formulate a relevant topic. But how to find a perfect one? In this article, we will go through some issues that may be used by students of Literature specialties. We hope that our ideas will inspire you and help to come up with a judgment of a topic you need.

Recall the Background

First, let us recall the basics of the book's plot so that everyone will get the point without reading the entire piece.

It all starts when an aged boar who represents the farm's major calls a meeting. It suggests that the pets are nothing but garner Jones's slaves that have no rights of freedom, and the man gains the advantage of using them for his own purposes. The boar calls for a revolution to fight for rights, and in three days, it kicks the bucket. The pets get rid of Jones's easily and occupy his lands - the Animal Farm is founded.

There is another character, a pig named Snowball, which is presented in a book as an idealist. For it, being free means being polite and educated. That is why Snowball tries to teach the animals things that people can do - reading and thinking logically. Snowball believes that everyone should respect each other and be equal.

And, Boxer - a horse that is the strongest animal on the farm. With Snowball, these two get along well at first. But that's until the smart Snowball offers to build a windmill and provide all animals with electricity. The opposition traits it as an endeavor and scare off Snowball by bringing out the dogs. Napoleon, who is in the head of the farm, decides that now, only pigs have a right to make decisions and implement laws. And that is when it's getting worse. During an attempt to build the windmill using Boxer and other animals as slaves or free labor, Napoleon crashes down. As the windmill falls over, he blames Snowball for everything taking place.

So, how does the plot remind you of a real-life situation? What social issues do you think are hidden in the book "Animal Farm" and how can you use them for a good essay? Take your time - we have prepared an insightful guide on how to implement those ideas from the novel in your writing.

15 Best "Animal Farm" Paper Topics

To begin with, collect the necessary information from the external sources and the book itself, and develop an outline. The best reference is the original Orwell's story, for sure. Have the book right beside you to consult it, if needed. While reading, make notes to pick the best quotes, and support your statements well.

The next stage is to make an outline - it will help you to move on while writing a paper. Depending on the theme you choose, your points will be named differently, but the overall image of your outline can be the following:

  • A quote from the story
  • The significance of the selected question
  • Background information
  • Thesis statement
  • Claim 1 (A farm represents the country)
  • Claim 2 (Animals underestimate the role of farm in their lives)
  • Claim 3 (A farm as a real-life image from your experience)
  • Paraphrased thesis statement
  • Summary of the main points (claims)
  • A rhetorical question (how far it could go if...)

At this stage, make sure that your paragraphs are organized logically, and the essay content will be coherent for the audience. The theme you select has a great impact on how your overall structure will look. And now, it is time to list the possible topics to write on.

The story is full of extraordinary characters that you can discuss. Pick and analyze one of them and try not to retell the plot.

  • Snowball: A Vivacious Pig
  • Squealer as an Example of a Brilliant Talker
  • Boxer: An Enormous Beast
  • The brutality of the nine dogs
  • Benjamin and the stereotypes about the older generation

Those can be a good ground for a character analysis essay as well.

"Animal Farm" covers various social and political issues, so you have plenty of ideas to choose from.

  • Leadership & corruption
  • Total control of the labor class
  • Lies and deception
  • American Dream
  • Social injustice

These are the central themes covered by George Orwell, and investigating one of them through the novel's plot will be a relevant choice.

There are many hidden messages in the story written by Orwell. If you can see those references, you understand what historical events are described in the book, and if you're not a fan of symbols - here are some topics for you:

  • Character symbols: what do Old Major and Snowball symbolize?
  • Image of the Soviet Union in The Animal Farm
  • Parallels of historical and political events with the book plot
  • The Battle of the Cowshed
  • Post-communistic spirit and the role of the windmill

Those were some relevant essay topics for your Animal Farm assignment. Feel free to use them and express your ideas on the book in the best manner.

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Essay on A Visit to a Farm

Students are often asked to write an essay on A Visit to a Farm in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on A Visit to a Farm

Introduction.

A trip to a farm is always exciting. It provides a break from city life and allows us to experience nature’s beauty.

The Journey

The journey to the farm was fun. We enjoyed the scenic beauty of the countryside, with its lush green fields and clear blue sky.

Experiencing Farm Life

On the farm, we saw various animals like cows, hens, and goats. We also observed farmers working in the fields.

The visit to the farm was an educational and enjoyable experience. It made us appreciate the hard work of farmers.

250 Words Essay on A Visit to a Farm

A visit to a farm is an eye-opening experience that offers a unique perspective on the intricate processes of agriculture. This essay provides an account of such a visit, highlighting its enlightening aspects.

The journey to the farm was an adventure in itself, with the scenic countryside serving as a picturesque backdrop. As the urban landscape gradually faded, replaced by rolling fields and rustic farmhouses, the connection with nature became more profound.

The Farm Life

Upon arrival, the farm presented a vibrant tableau of agricultural life. The farm was a self-sustaining ecosystem, where each element, from livestock to crops, played a crucial role. The sight of farmers toiling in the fields, their faces etched with lines of hard work and determination, was a poignant reminder of the labor that goes into producing the food we often take for granted.

The Learning Experience

The visit was a learning experience, offering insights into sustainable farming practices, crop rotation, and the importance of biodiversity. It was fascinating to see how the farm managed its resources efficiently, minimizing waste, and promoting a balanced ecosystem.

In conclusion, a visit to a farm is not just a leisurely excursion, but an opportunity to understand the backbone of our food system. It underscores the importance of sustainable farming, and the role each of us can play in supporting it, thereby contributing to a healthier planet.

500 Words Essay on A Visit to a Farm

A visit to a farm is an enlightening experience, offering a glimpse into the rustic charm of rural life while highlighting the intricate processes that underpin our food systems. The experience is not only recreational but also educational, especially for those who are disconnected from the agricultural roots of society.

The Rustic Charm and Serenity

Upon arrival, one is immediately struck by the farm’s tranquility. The usual cacophony of urban life gives way to the serene symphony of nature. The chirping of birds, the rustling of leaves, and the lowing of cattle replace the honking of cars and the hum of city traffic. The air is fresher, devoid of the pollution that plagues the city, and the landscape is a vibrant tapestry of green fields and blue skies, a stark contrast to the monotonous grey of urban landscapes.

The Cycle of Life

A farm visit provides a firsthand look at the cycle of life. From the planting of seeds to the harvesting of crops, one gains an appreciation for the labor and patience that goes into food production. The sight of livestock, such as cows, chickens, and sheep, further underscores the interconnectedness of life on the farm. These animals not only provide food but also contribute to the farm’s ecosystem through natural processes like fertilization and pest control.

Understanding Sustainable Farming Practices

For the environmentally conscious, a farm visit offers insight into sustainable farming practices. Organic farms, for instance, shun synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, opting instead for natural alternatives. They also employ crop rotation and companion planting techniques to maintain soil fertility and manage pests. These practices not only preserve the environment but also yield healthier produce.

The Human Element

Interacting with the farm’s inhabitants, both human and animal, is another highlight of a farm visit. Farmers, with their weather-beaten hands and earth-stained clothes, embody a life of toil and commitment to the land. Their stories offer valuable lessons about resilience, hard work, and the importance of maintaining a harmonious relationship with nature. The animals, with their innocence and simplicity, bring joy and a sense of connection to other forms of life.

In conclusion, a visit to a farm is a rich and rewarding experience that provides a window into a world far removed from the hustle and bustle of city life. It is an opportunity to reconnect with nature, gain a deeper understanding of our food systems, and appreciate the hard work that goes into sustaining life. It is an experience that stays with you, subtly shaping your perspectives on life and your place in the world.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

  • Essay on Circus
  • Essay on A Visit to a Circus
  • Essay on My Favourite Trip

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

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write an essay about your school farm

176 Agriculture Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best agriculture topic ideas & essay examples, 💡 most interesting agriculture topics to write about, 📌 simple & easy agriculture essay titles, 👍 good essay topics on agriculture, ❓ agriculture essay questions.

  • Essay on Sustainable Agriculture It is believed that the increase in the demand for food due to the increase in global population and change in dietary habit of the population.
  • Organic Agriculture – Business Model Canvas The products of suppliers of farm inputs will determine the quality of the organic foodstuffs that will be produced by the company.
  • Use of Pesticides in Agriculture The general narrative on pesticide use in agriculture is the assertion that it saves labor and ensures higher crop yields. These adversities show just how greater danger than the usefulness of pesticide use is in […]
  • Urban Agriculture Effects on Economy The preparation of the journals involved conducting interviews with the urban farmers and surveys on the certainty of the farming practices.
  • Culture and Agriculture: Nature and Significance Understanding Seeing that agriculture shapes the society and defines the course of its further development, promoting the ideas of environmentalism and sustainability, it will be reasonable to assume that agriculture belongs to the domain of cultures.
  • Agriculture Effects on Wild Animals An increase in agricultural activities has subjected a majority of the wild animals to the danger of extinction. Prior to the introduction of the mongoose in Hawaii, it was easy to find a Nene goose […]
  • Hydroponics in Agriculture These different setups have the same idea of hydroponics growing but the difference comes in the type of medium used in the growing and the state of the nutrient solution.
  • The Difference Between Agricultural Societies and Hunter-Gathers Societies in the Past In the course of time, people have been searching for techniques and approaches to adjust to geographical, social, and cultural environment in the past and in the modern contexts.
  • Sprinkler Drones in the Agricultural Sector The introduction of drones in agriculture is expected to solve the problem of the shifting structure of the workforce in agriculture.
  • Improving Stress Resistance in Agricultural Crops The biotechnology involved in producing such crops faces many difficulties and there are a lot of considerations of the methods used to improve the crop’s resistance that need to be assessed.
  • Urban Agricultural Impact on Human Life One major characteristic of urban agriculture that differentiates it from rural agriculture is the integration of agriculture in the urban economic and ecological system.
  • Environmental Degradation and the Use of Technology in the Agricultural Sector According to the United Nations Environmental Program, environmental degradation is the term used to refer to the destruction of the environment through the exhaustion f natural resources such as air water, and soil along with […]
  • Poverty and Global Food Crisis: Food and Agriculture Model Her innovative approach to the issue was to measure food shortages in calories as opposed to the traditional method of measuring in pounds and stones.
  • Growing Pumpkins: Here’s What You Need to Know One way of keeping the leaves dry is by ensuring that the pumpkins are watered early in the morning to give them sufficient time to dry during the day. Microbes found in the soil contribute […]
  • The Main Objective of DNA Fingerprinting in Agriculture Therefore, the main objective of DNA fingerprinting in agriculture is to overcome the limitation of insufficient dissimilarity among prior genotypes and come up with the best ideas to discover new molecular markers and collect data […]
  • Advices to the French Minister of Agriculture, the Head of the French Wine Industry Association and the Owners of Vineyards One of the major problems of the French wine industry is the incapacity to produce the cheap wine due to the climate characteristics of the region, luck of commercial interest and the low support of […]
  • Application of Geography (GIS) in Biotechnology in Field of Agriculture and Environment According to Wyland, “the ability of GIS to analyze and visualize agricultural environments and work flows has proved to be very beneficial to those involved in the farming industry”.
  • Agriculture and Farming in Abu Dhabi Many researches have been done on soil taxonomy in the UAE, with the invention of a non-absorbent type of soil that was one of the breakthroughs that have greatly influenced agriculture in Abu Dhabi.
  • Agriculture and Regulations in African Countries This work is aimed at determining the significance of agriculture in African countries, the main features of the regulation of this field, as well as the causes leading to a failure in a traditional developmental […]
  • Intensification of Agriculture Industries in Canada and the USA Therefore, one should not suppose that the growth of production can be explained by the increase in the number of people who wanted to work in this industry.
  • Agriculture Versus Forestry Sequentially, in the endeavor to determine what type of an activity to be dedicated to a land, it is proper to comprehend how the activity would work towards maintaining an excellent ecosystem’s functionality.
  • Agriculture Development in Economic Development This they attribute to the division of labour, where the workers that perform the basic, manual jobs that demand a lot of strength are the least paid, while those that perform the lightest and sophisticated […]
  • Effects of Industrialized Agriculture Finally, the corporations that are involved in the process of food production are responsible for the creation of new markets for consumption and the global trade of agricultural products.
  • Changes in Agriculture in the Next 25 Years The most dramatic change will be the lives and lifestyles of the farmers that will in the next 25 years be the envy of urban folks.
  • Smart Farming and Sustainable Agriculture Smart farming allows for a wide range of options, from robotization and satellite imagery to the Internet of Things and the blockchain technology that increases the efficiency of crop cultivation by optimizing the use of […]
  • Agricultural Issues in the “Food Inc.” Documentary One of the reasons is that large corporations can launch a mass-scale production of food, and therefore, they can dictate pricing policies to the small farmers, who, in their turn, have to work with these […]
  • The Nayar Caste of India: Agricultural Practice This paper explores the culture of the Indian Nayar’s with the perspective to establish their subsistence methods. The Nayar society is matrilineal in nature and women enjoy massive power regarding diverse aspects of their culture.
  • Agricultural Pesticide Negative Impacts The presence of pesticide residues in water, air, and the food is considered the main consequence of the neglectful use of pesticides in agriculture as it puts a serious risk to the safety of people […]
  • The Indian Agriculture Sector Given the significance of the agricultural sector to the economy, the government introduced the 11th five-year plan to provide support and incentives to farmers and other stakeholders in order to enhance production of food.
  • The Agricultural Revolution: From the Neolithic Age to a New Era of Agricultural Growth The discovery of tools is recognized to be one of the most important events of human development, as it is a well-known fact that “The development of tools such as flint points, axes, weapons such […]
  • Agricultural Sector: The Use of Drones Thompson states that the application of drones in agriculture, specifically in the United Kingdom, can promote the enhancement of the crops and reduce the usage of pesticides.
  • Urban Agriculture and Localization The increased rate of rural to urban movement has caused urban food shortage, a high cost of food, and a huge reliance on imported food, among other challenges.
  • Agriculture in the UAE Water supply is one of the basic demands needed to align the efficient functioning of the agricultural sector, which, in its turn, will be able to provide the food needed to satisfy workers needs and […]
  • The Olmec and the Inca Civilizations Agriculture Practices The aim of this paper is to compare the lifestyles and achievements of the Olmec and the Inca civilizations. The creation of the civilization was instigated by the fact that local alluvial soil was well […]
  • Management Accounting in Agriculture The farming industry of the nature of John and Mary falls in this category however with such a management accounting system like the one portrayed, then the management is likely to be more easy and […]
  • Agricultural Modernization in Third World Countries Due to underdevelopment in third world countries, the state considered the need for integrated rural development to reduce poverty in rural areas.
  • Organic Agriculture Funding: Regenerative Organic Agriculture In turn, organic farming will persist in enriching the soil and the products, Additionally, products that are certified organic continue to be in high demand due to consumer preference.
  • Industrial Revolution in Agriculture On the other hand, the industrial revolution in agriculture has led to the introduction of new safety challenges. In conclusion, as a result of the industrial revolution in agriculture, automation has become increasingly relied upon […]
  • History of Mexican Agriculture and Land Tenure The topics covered in the article are related to the history of land tenure in Mexico. Furthermore, it is vital to adapt to the emerging situation in terms of protecting the farmers and land from […]
  • Zimbabwe’s Agriculture Sectors: Role in the Economic Development This report is dedicated to exploring the agriculture sectors of Zimbabwe and their role in the economic development of the country.
  • Environmental Ethics of Pesticide Usage in Agriculture For example, pesticides are responsible for the destruction of the soil and harm to the overall ecosystem. The soil, water, and air resources are at a high risk of contamination from the toxins that are […]
  • The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture Thus, the research question of the proposed study is as follows: how effective is the application of artificial intelligence to agriculture in terms of removing inefficiency and the lack of productivity?
  • Application of Biotechnology in Agriculture and Health Care The more I studied this issue, the more I became interested in biotechnologies and the possibilities of their use for people.
  • Food Security, Improved Nutrition and Sustainable Agriculture The sizes and types of farming in the US smaller farms could be evaluated to determine the potential of these entities.
  • Internet of Things in Agriculture According to Chalimov, farmers can control such indicators as soil contamination, the proportion of harmful substances in the air, the level of water pollution, and many other characteristics that are crucial to address timely.
  • Blockchain and Internet-of-Things in Agriculture The intensification of the deep penetration of information technology in all areas of life has naturally led to the development of strategies to use it everywhere to optimize processes.
  • The Agriculture, Energy, and Transportation Infrastructure: Main Threats Thus, the purpose of the work is to analyze the food/agricultural, energy, and transport sectors of critical infrastructure in terms of physical, cyber, or natural disaster threats.
  • The Impact of Acetamiprid on Agriculture It is also effective in corroding insects with biting and sucking parts of the mouth, as the active ingredient of acetamiprid is nicotine, which is dangerous for a significant portion of animals and insects.
  • The Seasonal Agriculture Worker Program Reflection There are many cases of violation of labor in migrant employees, and it is essential to examine how SAWP undermines accommodations for Caribbean and Mexico migrants and seek an efficient solution.
  • Effects of Invasive Species on the Agriculture Industry By conducting a study that assesses the impact of the proposed tool on the management of the invasive species’ effects, one will be able to introduce an improvement.
  • Sustainable Agriculture as a Primary Model of Production The benefits of sustainable agriculture are derived from its meaning which is to use agriculture in a way that is beneficial to the environment.
  • Is It Safe to Apply Biosolids to Agricultural Lands? This essay demonstrates that biosolids are safe, beneficial to the environment, and essential for enhancing the soil structure while providing a better alternative to inorganic fertilizers.
  • Agriculture: Environmental, Economic, and Social Aspects One of them is agriculture, and its examination from the selected perspective seems reasonable in order to reveal the interrelation of the above concepts alongside the importance of sustainability.
  • Immigrants’ Employment in Agriculture and Food Processing Most people in the grocery and farm product wholesales are immigrants and account for the largest agricultural and food processing workers in the United States.
  • Japanese Agricultural Policies To cope with the hardships of food supply, Japan needs a flexible and robust regulation in the food and agricultural fields.
  • Agriculture and Its Social Origins Despite the advantages of old methods of finding food and the disadvantages of agriculture, the transition could occur due to the human factor.
  • The Reduction of Agricultural Nutrient Pollution: Possible Solutions The nutrients that are contained in fertilizer or manure may reach water basins and cause a dramatic increase in the populations of phytoplankton and algae.
  • Industrialization and Increased Agricultural Production During this time, there was a reduction in adult mortality and this resulted in increased savings, increased acreage of agricultural land, increased capital stock, reduced rates of capital returns, and improved agricultural production.
  • The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture However, the move to introduce foreign species of grass such as Bermuda grass in the region while maintaining the native grass has been faced by challenges related to the fiscal importance of the production.
  • American Agricultural and Food System The agricultural system is one of the most important for the functioning of any state. Finally, the reason for this behavior is the nature of the distribution of food to consumers in America.
  • Agricultural Policies’ Impact on Developing Economies It is seen that there are disparities between the agricultural policies of rich countries and their consequent impact on poorer ones lies in the fact that the current distribution of over 90 Billion Euros in […]
  • Agricultural Revolution Process and Its Results Animals were brought to people’s settlements, they were chosen according to their abilities to provide products, to work, or to serve as a source of food.
  • Impacts of E-Commerce on Agriculture An analysis can be done to the decision-makers in the industry, agricultural and food products, business processes, firms as well as the interaction that results in the marketplaces, the structure of the market and the […]
  • History of Agriculture in the American West The introduction of electric and gasoline-powered machinery, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides made agriculture one of the main sources of income for West America.
  • The Idea of an Agricultural Electric Tractor It is important to analyze and provide a demonstration of how the electric tractor will operate and the principles behind it.
  • Financial Profile of Oman Agriculture Development Company Although the year 2008 has been the most beneficial for the company, yet in comparison to the year 2009, the company has managed to improve the figures in 2010.
  • Agriculture and Environment: Organic Foods Nitrogen has various effects on the food supply, and it’s present in the soil in the form of nitrates and nitrites.
  • The Impact of Geography on Agriculture: Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Due to the fact that the river overrode the Ethiopian lowland, the inclined gradient of the River Nile sent the water torrent which overflowed the river banks resulting in over flooding of the river.
  • Immigrant Labor Force in the Agricultural Sectors Problem The topic of immigrant labor has been discussed since the agricultural industry faced the problems of farm labor shortage.”Since World War I, the Congress has allowed the use of temporary foreign workers to perform agricultural […]
  • Common Agricultural Policy in Italy One of the latter is the so called Common Agricultural Policy implemented by the EU officials in 2003 to develop for the coming decades and ensure the equal development of the agricultural spheres of all […]
  • Macroeconomic Changes and Its Impact on the Agricultural Sector Formerly, the growth in the agricultural sector of the United States had been quite unpredictable. The rate of economic growth has a significant impact on the demand for agricultural products in the United States.
  • The Debate on Conventional vs. Alternative Agricultural Approaches The fundamental shift in contents is the pro-ecological balance thrust of the alternative agriculture methods which are in direct contrast to the traditional methods.
  • Organic Farming and Agriculture Those combinations that are selected will constitute the best part of the genetic make-up of subsequent generations, resulting in the development of ecotypes adapted to local ecological conditions. On the whole, yield performance of organic […]
  • Agricultural Exposure to Arsenic Lung cancer from breathing arsenic is an occupational disease for workers in the smelting industry and the arsenic pesticide manufacturing industry.
  • Should Common Agricultural Policy Be Reformed? So with the CAP policy, it is sending a strong message to the world in that it is through the CAP policy that our farmers will be in a position to strongly compete with world […]
  • Libyan Agricultural Infrastructure Analysis The telecommunications network in Libya is in the process of being modernized. The development of agricultural infrastructure has played a big role in alleviating poverty in this nation.
  • World Trade as the Adjustment Mechanism of Agriculture to Climate Change by Julia & Duchin The significant value of the article under consideration consists in the authors’ presenting a new methodological framework for the evaluation of a trade as the stated mechanism and its use for analysis of changes in […]
  • Social Capital in Agriculture and Rural Development The first usage of this term is traced back to 1899 when John Dewey made the first direct mainstream use of the term social capital in the book, “The school and the society”.
  • Soil Degradation as an Issue Facing Agriculture The most informative indicators of purely hydrological degradation of soils are a decrease in the total moisture capacity of the soil and a reduction in the lowest moisture capacity of the soil, which characterizes the […]
  • Weather Tracking and Effects on Agriculture The success of weather forecasting to meet the needs of different stakeholders depends on the tools and technologies put in place.
  • Agricultural Revolution and Changes to Ancient Societies in Terms of the State, Urbanization, and Labor This made the climate and soil more adaptable to plant growth and farming as some of the wild variants of barley and fruit began to grow in the region on their own.
  • A Technique for Controlling Plant Characteristics: Genetic Engineering in the Agriculture A cautious investigation of genetic engineering is required to make sure it is safe for humans and the environment. The benefit credited to genetic manipulation is influenced through the utilization of herbicide-tolerant and pest-safe traits.
  • Pesticide Ban and Its Effects on US Agriculture The findings of the research also challenged the notion that a ban on insecticides would help the environment. Sam is whether to protect the lives that can be lost through the harmful effects of the […]
  • Agriculture: “Yield Prospects by Land and Air” by Schafer The crop tour allows farmers to participate in learning a lot during their visits. The editors of the article, however, failed to share what the farmers learned at the tour despite the delayed corn.
  • Agriculture: “Getting Sprayed Starting Over” by Shepherd They are currently rectifying the affected parts of the farm to get rid of the contamination. The Editor should offer more insight on how to avoid such violations.
  • Agriculture: “Prep Your Pivot for Winter” by Birt The TL irrigation company runs the “the Caveat to winter Pivot Maintenance” program. The dealers who represent the TL Irrigation company receive adequate training on how to service and maintain the equipment.
  • Agricultural Policy in the European Union and the USA The position of this thesis on the EU and the US, particularly in the light of the political implications on policy-making in the Agricultural Sectors is that both the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy and the […]
  • Common Agricultural Policy in the EU The number of funds that were being used for the payments was proposed to be used in developing the countryside through the establishment of a budget for rural development.
  • Climate Impacts on Agriculture: Implications for Crop Production One of the most important learning points in this article is the relationship between water consumption in crops and levels of carbon dioxide.
  • Agricultural Policies in the EU vs. the US It is the position of this paper concerning the European Union, and the United States, particularly in the light of the political implications on policymaking in the Agricultural Sectors, that both the EU’s Common Agricultural […]
  • “The Political Economy of Agricultural Transition” by Rozelle and Swinnen Other important highlights of the article include the motivations behind the actor’s push for economic reform in China and the Soviet Union.
  • Agricultural Issues in the Global South The latter has ensured that food is produced in plenty and that the citizens do not starve at the expense of cash crops.
  • The Agricultural Revolutions: Timeline, Causes, Inventions This revolution prevented food emergencies in Latin America and Asia during the 1970s and 1980s. However, the revolution was not a successful tactic in ending global food shortage and hunger.
  • Argentina-Kenya International Trade in Agriculture The use of manual labor and inefficient production processes can be considered as one of the main reasons behind the sheer “glut” of workers in the agricultural industry and, as such, this shows one area […]
  • Agricultural Products vs. Animal Rights Dilemma A while back I was looking for a summer job and I was able to get one in the farms that rear chicken for their eggs and meat.
  • Agricultural Policies in African and Asian Countries Agriculture is the largest contributor to the GDP in most countries accounting for 32% of the GDP. Agriculture is the main source of income for the majority of the population.
  • Farmers and Their Role in the American Agriculture The recent changes in the world’s largest countries’ economies can be a good illustration of the exclusive role of agriculture which can enable a state to play an important role in the world.
  • Big Data and Agriculture Big Data is expected to feed the world in the future by analyzing large volumes of data associated with predicting the weather, finding appropriate regions for farming and agriculture, and eliminating possible adverse outcomes.
  • Yara vs. Southern Agricultural Corridor of Tanzania At the same time, the approaches of both companies to maintaining high market positions are different, and the purpose of this work is to analyze the strategies applied by Yara and SAGCOT to ensure interest […]
  • Current Condition of Australian Agriculture The current situation in the agricultural sphere is one of the critical drivers for the need for government intervention and the development of new reforms.
  • Australian Economy: Agriculture, Industry and Services Most of the responsibility for the upsurge lies on the technological advancement of the industry that drives the growth and productivity.
  • Jethro Tull as a Change Agent in the Agriculture First, he told his people to be more exact and throw seeds to the whole, but his commands were ignored. In order to prove the effectiveness of his methods, he did not use manure for […]
  • Genetically Modified Organisms in Canadian Agriculture The primary goal of the public engagement initiative is to come up with practical solutions to the challenges facing the adoption of GMOs in Canadian agriculture. The project will inform and consult the citizens to […]
  • Environmental Health and Agricultural Hazards OSHA contributes to environmental health, as it attracts attention to the fact that a lot of people are injured and killed on farms.
  • Urban Agriculture in Chicago: Pros and Cons The climatic changes that have adversely affected the ability of farmers in the rural areas to generate high yields in their farms have led to a reduction in the number of fresh products reaching the […]
  • Agriculture in the Pacific Northwest The large variety of marine and terrestrial resources made agriculture the secondary food source and allowed for the development of storage-based subsistence economy in the Pacific Northwest, especially in Oregon.
  • Construction Control Inspector in Agriculture The job description by the Natural Resource Conservation Service for the construction control inspector position is accurate in the description of the duties and tasks that may be required.
  • American Agriculture in “Food Inc.” Documentary My decision to use the film for the assignment was based on the fact that I had watched it before and was highly influenced by it.
  • Agricultural Nutrient Pollution and Its Reduction The solutions that have been proposed for the issue are varied: there is the possibility of upgrading farms with the help of better technologies, controlling the use of fertilizers and waste discharge with the help […]
  • Native Americans’ History, Farming, Agriculture Nowadays, the task of primary importance is to educate the society and convey the idea that the rich past of the American Indians should be remembered.
  • Canadian Small Agricultural Business and Its Trends Some of the misconceptions are illustrated in the report are that the sector is shrinking with no modernization and innovation. In reality, the study showed that over 95% of the farmers in Canada take measures […]
  • Exchange Rates Impact on the Australian Agriculture The random trend in the foreign exchange market is a macroeconomic issue that has significant implications on the export market prices and the appreciation of the Australian dollar.
  • Energy Problems in the Agriculture Sector From the start, I recognized that using the diesel generator was not the most effective way to solve the power needs of the farm.
  • Agriculture Improvement: The US Farm Bill Nadine Lehrer, who has been studying the bill, asserts, “The bill was developed in the wake of 1930’s farm crisis to bring farm incomes up to the par with the required minimum incomes”.
  • Agricultural Industries in Australia The Commonwealth of Australia is situated in Oceania and is “the world’s sixth-largest country”. This is at least partially the result of the historical development of the country.
  • Use of Mobile Phones in Agricultural Extension This indicates that the use of mobile phones in agriculture may lead to an increase in prices so as to enable farmers to maximize their returns.
  • US Food Industry: Market Dynamics and Regulation Impact The overall outcome of such a supply management program is rising in production costs, consumer prices and a reduction in the capacity of US milk products to compete in the global market.
  • Global Warming and Agriculture The first and the most obvious result of the global warming is the decrease of the harvest in the majority of regions all over the world.
  • Agricultural Studies: The Kuwaiti Pineapple People who meet me at their life paths are inclined to experience similar emotions and feelings while analyzing the details of my appearance and character, and my friends agree that the discussion of pineapple as […]
  • Whole Foods Trends: Stringent Standards to Agricultural Practices and Food Products Some of the most common trends pertaining the retail of organic food products in the industry include the ups and downs within the farming sector, concerns of the environment, and concern of healthy lifestyles.
  • Impact of Policies on the Practice of Urban Agriculture in Los Angeles This paper looks at the city of Los Angeles and the practice of urban agriculture as a case study to enable the exploration of some of the components of climate change coupled with how political […]
  • Vicious Cycle: The Flipside of Brazil’s Agricultural Expansionist Policies But more importantly, environmental policymakers in Brazil should realize that another vicious cycle between economic development and income distribution will set in the near future as long as farmers in North-East regions of the country […]
  • Potential Reduction in Irrigation Water Through the Use of Water-Absorbent Polymers in Agriculture in UAE The purpose of this study is to focus on the possibility of the use of super absorbent polymers in agriculture in other parts of the world too with an aim of reducing water used in […]
  • Organic Agriculture in the United Arab Emirates The business plan will shed light on the business idea, the value proposition, and the technology that will be required to operate the business.
  • The Agricultural Policy in European Union and the United State of America To achieve the main aim of the study, the third objective will be to analyse the common agricultural policy in the European Union and its effects on the member countries with the use of Germany, […]
  • Agricultural Subsidies in the United States and the EU The main purpose of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the US and the EU agricultural subsidies.
  • Human Development. Role of Agriculture. Importance of Technology and Foreign Aid in Mozambique The access to wage labor, which enhances the state of agriculture and the whole country, depends on the people’s education. The rapid development of the agriculture is connected with foreign investments and earnings, as they […]
  • Applying Ecological Theory: Agricultural Degradation of Tropical Forest Ecosystems & Restoration of Exhausted Agricultural Land In this latter case, the conditions inhibit the recovery of the original forest and can lead to a different ecosystem. One of the human activities that are proving to be a dangerous threat to tropical […]
  • Managing for Sustainability: The Case of Agricultural Producers & Coal Mining in Australia In spite of the fact that these agricultural producers are responsible for bringing significant income to state and local budgets, and despite the fact that the agricultural producers are personally or cooperatively responsible for decreasing […]
  • Agricultural, Economics and Environmental Considerations of Bio-Fuels With the end of the oil crisis at the onset of the 1980s decade, the keen interest in bio-fuels fizzled out.
  • Brazil Sustainable and Productive Agricultural Practices The country is the source of water and also a water table of up to 12% of the available freshwater worldwide the Brazil is also undoubtedly one of the leading producers of food and biofuels […]
  • Critical Review: “Food’s Footprint: Agriculture and Climate Change” by Jennifer Burney The ability to unravel the current quagmire surrounding the causes and effects of global warming on food and agricultural production remain the key area towards effective policy design, management application and eventual sustainability assimilation in […]
  • Pesticides Usage on Agricultural Products in California Some of the aspects that must be incorporated in that report are the date of application, the amount used as used as well as the ell as the geographical location of the farm in question.
  • Swidden Agriculture: Shift Farming Although this farming technique has been efficient in the past, it has proved to be unsustainable with the current increase in the global population.
  • Lucretius’s View About the Roman Agriculture This was not a mere rhetoric considering that writers on the Roman agriculture also highlighted the decline in land productivity either due to the land being old or because of humans’ failure to preserve the […]
  • Sowing Blood With the Maize: Zapotec Effigy Vessels and Agricultural Ritual At the very beginning, the author overviews the importance of maize for human and relates it to the peculiarities of Zapotec religion, including the description of genital bloodletting as an act of self-sacrifice to gods.
  • Malaria’s and Agriculture Relationship in Kenya This case study analyses the relationship between malaria and agriculture and some of the measures which have been put in place to lower the occurrence of the disease.
  • Changes and its Effects Observed at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology For instance, the main entrance was fully furnished and the stretch from the gate connecting other units of the campus was renovated.
  • Can Genetically Modified Food Feed the World: Agricultural and Biotechnological Perspective Undoubtedly, the practice of tissue culture and grafting in plants is never enough to quench the scientific evidence on the power of biotechnology to improve breeding and feeding in living organisms.
  • Agriculture and Genetics Disciplines Relationship The collapse of Crick’s theory was a setback to the genetics discipline because the foundations of genetic engineering are based on the central dogma premise.
  • Agricultural Geography and the Production and Consumption of Food in British Columbia The impact of the disparity in the natural environment which causes variable conditions in different geographical areas is reflected in the productivity, production cost and efficiency of production.
  • Recycling of Wastewater for Agricultural Use in Arid Areas Given that in these arid areas water is a rare commodity, recycling of wastewaters has been considered as one of the ways that can be used to increase the amount of water for irrigation for […]
  • Agricultural Subsidies and Development In the event that the world prices is lower than the guaranteed price the government of the nation in question will make up the difference through its subsidy kit set aside for this purpose.
  • Cultural Innovations: An Archaeological Examination of Prehistoric Economics, Agriculture and Family Life The type of structures made were and still are determined by the availability of building materials, the level of development of building tools, the climatic conditions, and the economic resources available to the builder.
  • Addressing Concerns on Food and Agriculture Mechanization of agriculture running back to the days of the industrial revolution contributes quite a lot to increasing food production. Genetic engineering contributes considerably to the increased food production for the needs of the human […]
  • Does Agriculture Help Poverty and Inequality Reduction?
  • How Can Caribbean Agriculture Reach Its Potential?
  • Can Conservation Agriculture Improve Crop Water Availability in an Erratic Tropical Climate Producing Water Stress?
  • How Did Government Affect Agriculture?
  • Does Agriculture Matter?
  • Are African Households Leaving Agriculture?
  • How Can Multifunctional Agriculture Support a Transition to a Green Economy in Africa?
  • Does Crop Insurance Influence Commercial Crop Farm Decisions to Expand?
  • Can Geographical Indications Modernize Indonesian and Vietnamese Agriculture?
  • Does Education Enhance Productivity in Smallholder Agriculture?
  • Where and How Can a Debate About Non-safety Related Issues of Genome Editing in Agriculture Take Place?
  • Does Group Affiliation Increase Productivity and Efficiency in Russia’s Agriculture?
  • Can Integrated Agriculture-Nutrition Programs Change Gender Norms on Land and Asset Ownership?
  • Does Off-Farm Employment Contribute to Agriculture-Based Environmental Pollution?
  • Are Mega-Farms the Future of Global Agriculture?
  • Does Oil Palm Agriculture Help Alleviate Poverty?
  • Can Agriculture Support Climate Change Adaptation, Greenhouse Gas Mitigation, and Rural Livelihoods?
  • Does Organic Agriculture Lead to Better Health Among Organic and Conventional Farmers in Thailand?
  • Are Non-exporters Locked Out of Foreign Markets Because of Low Productivity?
  • Does Urban Proximity Enhance Technical Efficiency in Agriculture?
  • How Does Biological Control Contribute to Sustainable Agriculture?
  • Can Climate Interventions Open up Space for Transformation?
  • Are Production Technologies Associated with Agri-Environmental Programs More Eco-Efficient?
  • Can Conservation Agriculture Save Tropical Forests?
  • Does Agriculture Generate Local Economic Spillovers?
  • Can Sustainable Agriculture Feed Africa?
  • How Can African Agriculture Adapt to Climate Change?
  • Why Are Cooperatives Important in Agriculture?
  • Who Influences Government Spending in Agriculture?
  • What Does Climate Change Mean for Agriculture in Developing Countries?
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Essays on Animal Farm

What makes a good animal farm essay topic.

When it comes to writing an essay on Animal Farm, choosing the right topic is crucial. A good essay topic should be thought-provoking, engaging, and offer ample opportunities for analysis and interpretation. It should allow you to explore the various themes, characters, and literary devices employed by George Orwell in his iconic novel. Here are some recommendations to help you brainstorm and choose the perfect essay topic.

When brainstorming essay topics for Animal Farm, it's important to consider the themes and underlying messages of the novel. Think about the parallels between the events in the book and real-life historical or political events. Consider the characters and their motivations, as well as the use of allegory and symbolism throughout the story. A good essay topic should also be specific enough to allow for in-depth analysis, but broad enough to offer multiple avenues of exploration.

A good Animal Farm essay topic should be relevant, thought-provoking, and open to interpretation. It should encourage critical thinking and analysis, and allow you to delve into the complexities of the novel. Your topic should also be unique and original, offering a fresh perspective on the text. With these considerations in mind, you can choose a topic that will make for a compelling and insightful essay.

Best Animal Farm Essay Topics

  • The use of propaganda in Animal Farm
  • The role of the pigs in the novel
  • The allegorical representation of the Russian Revolution
  • The theme of corruption and power in Animal Farm
  • The significance of the windmill in the story
  • The role of the working class animals in the rebellion
  • The character of Napoleon and his leadership style
  • The theme of loyalty and betrayal in the novel
  • The significance of the Seven Commandments
  • The role of fear and intimidation in maintaining control
  • The impact of language and rhetoric in the novel
  • The symbolism of the various animals on the farm
  • The theme of social class and inequality in Animal Farm
  • The role of violence and coercion in the story
  • The significance of the final scene in the novel
  • The theme of utopia and dystopia in Animal Farm
  • The portrayal of human nature in the book
  • The impact of ignorance and apathy on the farm
  • The role of education and knowledge in the novel
  • The significance of the ending of Animal Farm

Animal Farm essay topics Prompts

  • Imagine if the animals on the farm had been successful in creating a utopian society. How would the story have unfolded differently?
  • Explore the parallels between the events in Animal Farm and real-life historical revolutions. How does the novel reflect the complexities of political change?
  • Consider the role of fear and intimidation in maintaining power on the farm. How does this theme resonate with contemporary society?
  • Analyze the character of Boxer and his unwavering loyalty to the cause. What does his story reveal about the nature of power and manipulation?
  • Imagine if George Orwell had written Animal Farm from the perspective of the humans on the neighboring farms. How would this change the reader's understanding of the story?

Choosing the right essay topic for Animal Farm is essential to crafting a compelling and insightful piece of writing. By considering the themes, characters, and literary devices of the novel, you can brainstorm unique and thought-provoking topics that will allow for in-depth analysis and interpretation. Whether you choose to explore the use of propaganda, the role of the pigs, or the allegorical representation of the Russian Revolution, a good essay topic will offer ample opportunities for critical thinking and engagement with the text. With the right topic in hand, you can delve into the complexities of Animal Farm and offer a fresh perspective on this timeless classic.

Abuse of Power in Animal Farm

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Napoleon in "Animal Farm": Analysis of Quotes

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The Reasons Why Animal Farm Failed

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An Analysis of Literacy and Power in Animal Farm, a Book by George Orwell

"animal farm" mirrors the russian revolution in both characters and events, the exploitation in the animal farm, the revolution in animal farm, power and leadership in animal farm, animal leaders as russian politicans in animal farm, ideal society in animal farm, propaganda in animal farm, "the animal farm": a review of themes and characters, russian revolution and orwell animal farm, the animal farm, orwell's novel review: snowball and napoleon comparission, animal farm by george orwell: the issue of government and management, the difference in representation of napoleon and snowball characters in 'animal farm', the significance of old major's speech on equality in animal farm, a novel by george orwell, themes of socialism and capitalism in orwell's animal farm, comparison of snowball and napoleon in the animal farm, compassion in animal farm by george orwell, rhetorical devices in animal farm by george orwell, animals' inability to read in animal farm, ignorance and the result of class segregation: napoleon, boxer and the destruction of animal farm.

17 August 1945

George Orwell

Allegorical Novella

Political Satire

Napoleon, Old Major, Snowball, Squealer, Boxer, Mr. Jones, Clover, Pilkington, Mr. Frederick, Mr. Whymper, Benjamin

The book has been influenced during Orwell's Spanish Civil war experiences and author's opinion regarding Stalinist corruption of the original socialist ideals.

It symbolizes Russia and the Soviet Union under Communist Party rule. The symbols include capitalism, socialism, fascism, and communism. The rule of power, corruption.

The Animal Farm teaches us an important lesson that it is not possible to create a utopian society since every leader will sooner or later become corrupt. Another important aspect is the gain of power and temptation of a luxurious life that is always based on personal gain. It is a reason why it becomes an important book that tells about the potential of good intentions. While it does portray the authoritarian example of the USSR, it also explores the ways of people that still serve others with good intentions.

The book tells a story about farm animals who rebel against their human farmer. As simple as that, they hope to create a different society where every animal can live an equal life, remain free, and feel happy. It is a complex allegory that tries to reflect a revolution. Still, this animal rebellion is betrayed with the farm ending up in a poor state. The reason for this failure, according to Orwell, is the dictatorship's rule of a pig named Napoleon.

  • The Animal Farm has been rejected more than most books in the history of publishing by the big names until Secker & Warburg decided to publish it.
  • The book became influential for C.S. Lewis who believed that the book is about equality where every animal is equal, yet some are more equal than others.
  • The book has been based on real-life village of Wallington, which is where Orwell has lived during the late 1930s and early 1940s.
  • The Animal Farm became a propagandistic tool of the CIA to bring anti-communist views across the world.
  • Speaking of the Soviet Union, the novel has been banned until about 1988 when "Glasnost" views have made it possible for the Latvian magazine to publish it in four parts.
  • The book has also been banned in Cuba, North Korea, Kenya, and even the United Arab Emirates.
  • The book has inspired numerous world-famous musicians like The Beatles and Pink Floyd.
  • Patrick Stewart of Star Trek fame was the one who voiced the main character "Napoleon".
  • "Remember, comrades, your resolution must never falter. No argument must lead you astray. Never listen when they tell you that Man and the animals have a common interest, that the prosperity of the one is the prosperity of the others. It is all lies. Man serves the interests of no creature except himself. And among us animals let there be perfect unity, perfect comradeship in the struggle. All men are enemies. All animals are comrades."
  • "All the habits of Man are evil. And, above all, no animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. Weak or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers. No animal must ever kill any other animal. All animals are equal."
  • "The animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others."
  • "Animal Farm, Animal Farm, Never through me shalt thou come to harm!"
  • "Ah, that is different!" said Boxer. "If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right."

The purpose of the book is to explain how existing potential often leads to dangers of good intentions. As the political satire of the USSR's ruling style, it aims to show that revolution and striving for change comes from good intentions, yet misleads people into something else. Using dystopian fiction, Orwell remains precise in his opinion regarding tyranny and origins that it has. It also deals with ignorance and an intentional failure to notice things.

This topic is important for essays because it deals with corrupting influence of power, totalitarian regime, sincerity, propaganda, and the good intentions that we all have. It is also a good topic to tell about leadership and betrayal. Since this book deals with an allegory, it must be taken as an example of our modern life.

The Old Major's speech represents a significant element for this novel because it speaks of the very idea of rebellion that is brought to the minds of the animals. It is the first time when they start approaching human beings as their enemies and see themselves as the victims of animalism or farm oppression. The major speaks about hardships and bad lives and claims that it is Farmer Jones that is to blame. It can be approached as the turning point of the novel.

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  • Organic Farming Essay

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An introduction to Essay on Organic Farming

Organic farming describes how it uses organic elements and composts and tries to expand soil richness by taking care of soil miniature existence with build-ups from life. For example, trash fertilizer, sewage, excrement, plant deposits, food handling squanders, etc. This essay on organic farming will help you to discover the parts and importance of organic farming. 

This article also deals with the advantages and barriers to it. The organic farming essay also explains the principles behind it and how it is different from the traditional farming technique. An essay on organic farming is essential because it helps us understand the advantages of organic farming and also tells us how the effect of normal farming is harmful.

Segments of Organic Farming

Segments of Organic Farming are discussed below in detail.

Organic Manures

Organic manure provides basic nutrients that are required by plants in limited edition. It is a natural practice adopted by farmers to provide food (plant nutrients) to crop plants. There are various organic manures that are used by farmers such as farm wastes, oilcakes, vermicompost, and biological waste - animal bone. 

Biological Pest Management

The preservation of regular pests is significant for evading the utilization of compound pesticides. Organic pesticides, for example, neem, tobacco and other restorative plants need promotion. Specific microbial pesticides, for instance, Bacillus Thuringiensis offer a guarantee. It is essential to have biological pest management to improve the quality of the soil.

Non-Chemical Weed Control 

Mechanical strategy for weed control is commonly polished to lessen the weed populace. Organic control of weed needs promotion. 

Agronomical Practices

Yield revolution, blended trimming, green manuring practices will improve the physical and compound properties of soil. Consideration of leguminous yields in these practices adds to the ripeness. 

Alley Cropping

Coordination of lasting plants (generally leguminous) in the cultivating framework is called backstreet trimming. 

Principles of Organic Farming

No Chemical Fertilizer

In the event that nature is left to itself, fruitfulness is expanded, organic remains from plants and creatures gather and are deteriorated on a superficial level by microbes and growths. Utilizing straw, green compost, and ranch yard excrement, one can get significant returns without substance manure. 

No Use of Herbicide

Straw mulch and impermanent flooding give successful weed control in numerous fields. 

No Use of Pesticides

The preservation of common adversaries of irritations and the utilization of organic pesticides stay away from the utilization of synthetic pesticides. 

Upkeep of Healthy Soil

Soil well-being is kept up by developing vegetables, green manuring, green leaf manuring, crop pivot, entomb, and blended editing, including vegetables.

Importance of Organic Farming Essay

It doesn't bring about any ecological contamination since it evades the utilization of substance and plant insurance synthetic compounds. 

Less energy is utilized in organic cultivating contrasted with ordinary horticulture.

Less motorization is required. 

Less unsettling influence of soil, legitimate structure, high organic issue substance will be kept up. 

Organic food gets more cost than the product acquired by regular strategies.

Threats to Organic Farming

In changing over to organic cultivating, an underlying harvest misfortune, by and large, happens, especially whenever done rapidly. 

Land assets can move unreservedly from organic cultivating to regular cultivating; they don't move the converse way openly. 

Organic controls may have been debilitated, which may take three or four years for deposits to misfortune their impact.

Short Essay On Organic Farming

Organic farming is an essential part of today’s world. Organic cultivating implies cultivating in the organic connection between soil, water, and plants; between soil, soil organisms, and side-effects. This also implies the connection between the plant realm and the collective of animals; among agribusiness and ranger service; between soil, water and environment. Nature receives diverse techniques to gracefully supplement the dirt and keep up the soil’s fruitfulness. The gracefulness of supplements is undisrupted in nature. The plant leaves produce carbs and later change these carbohydrates into sugar, starch, cellulose, lignin, and so on. 

Organic compost includes mixing carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash rich materials. The minor components are available in extent, and the pivotal carbon-nitrogen proportion is neither too high nor excessively low. This sort of arrangement is inside the capability of ranchers. There is no need to include some nitrogenous manure as a supplement. The nitrogenous substance compost agitates the supplement equalization of soil. Nitrogenous manure is known as an energizer of development, and there is furore for it among the ranchers. Organic farming has many benefits in today’s world and it is esteemed to be much more cautious than the traditional ways of farming. This method, when used, can improve the health of people and the richness of soil on which farming is done. The reliance on these methods is beneficial as they provide more nutritious crops and better nourishment.

Through organic farming, the fertility of soil gets improved. Organic movement and the physical and mineral nature of the dirt are contributing factors. Organic farming is preferred over other modes for this very reason.

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FAQs on Organic Farming Essay

1. What is the focus of Organic Farming?

Organic creation of yields is fundamentally the same as normal creation for planting, gathering. Assortments are normally the equivalent. Ripeness, weeds and different nuisances should be overseen in a more serious manner. Harvest pivot and timing of mechanical development are basic to progress. The mix of animals, to help gracefully excrement/fertilizer supplements will likewise be an advantage. Consider joining a few of the natural cultivating affiliations, for example, Canadian Organic Growers (COG) or Ecological Farmers of Ontario (EFO) to build your organization of natural cultivating contacts particularly among other natural ranchers in your general vicinity. 

2. What are the six basic methods of Organic Farming Practices?

The six basic methods of Organic Farming practices are crop diversity, soil management, weed management, controlling other organisms, livestock and genetic modification. These different methods are used in organic farming to improve yield and make farming more efficient. Organic farming methods improve the yield by following traditional practices with new scientific technology.

3. How do students learn about the basics of Organic Farming?

Organic farming can be intimidating for beginners, and one can start little by little and then advance. Basics can be learnt through many sources and sites now available even online. Students can learn about the basics of Organic Farming if they go to Organic Farming Essay for Students in English available on this page. This essay deals with what Organic Farming essentially is and what its advantages, as well as disadvantages, amount to. 

English Compositions

Short Essay on Farmer [100, 200, 400 Words] With PDF

Farmers are one of the best friends of our society. Without them, we will be starving till death. In this lesson, you will learn how to write essays on Farmers. You may find this essay relevant for your upcoming exam. 

Feature image of Short Essay on Farmer

Short Essay on Farmer in 100 Words

A farmer is the base of a country. He works a lot. The food we eat every day is the gift of the farmer. When a country depends on agriculture, then the farmer is the greatest need. He grows crops that are necessary for the country.

A farmer knows what kind of crop to grow. He knows the weather and season. He is aware of how the plants will grow, and what is important for them. In India, the farmer is the best friend of the country. He is poor, but without him, we cannot live. The farmer brings us the daily foods, vegetables, and fruits. It is our duty to respect the farmers of our country.

Short Essay on Farmer in 200 Words

Framers are the most important people in our society. They are the primary supplier of food we eat every day. If they do not harvest the crops, the market will soon be out of all kinds of food. So the farmer is the best friend of all of us. He works hard daily and ensures that we get everything we need. He takes care of his crops. He checks the perfect weather and plants the crops. When the crops grow, they harvest them and take out the seeds. Then it is sold and we get our food. 

There are different types of farmers. In a country like India, One framer cannot grow all the crops. It is impossible because India is a huge country. It has lots of people. So there are farmers in every state, who grow the crops there. Some farmers grow crops like rice, wheat, barley, and other food crops. These are emergency crops. Because these are foods we eat daily.

So the farmer has to be very careful when they are growing crops. Some farmers grow cotton, jute, silk, and other materials. These are also important because it helps us with our clothes and other household things. So whatever the farmer does, his work is harder than everyone. He works throughout the year. He does not have vacations. So we must respect him for his hard work.

Short Essay on Farmer in 400 Words

Framers are the biggest supports of our country. Without them, we cannot stand. The farmer helps us to stay strong. It is possible because they give us food. Thus farmers play a very important role in our lives. He is like the soldier who is saving our country. 

There are several types of farmers in our country. Some of them grow food crops. Food crops are the crops that we eat every day. These include rice, wheat, barley, ragi, jowar, bajra, maize, tea, coffee, and oilseeds. The farmers who grow these crops are always very careful. Every state in India has its native crops. Local farmers know the need and prepare it in that way. They are aware of the weather and the water the plants need. They apply the water and tend those crops.

A good farmer uses the best fertilizer for his plants. He also tills the land and prepares the soil. Good soil is needed for the best cultivation. The farmer planting the food crops knows all of these. He cares for them a lot. When the crops harvest, he cuts them and separates the seeds. Then it is sent to market for sale.

Another group of farmers is there who grow cash crops. Cash crops are those crops that are not used to eat. Cash crops include cotton, jute, silk, rubber that are sold in the market, and the money is received. Cash crops need a different type of care. So separate farmers are there to care for them. These farmers have knowledge of the cash crops. So they select the perfect weather to care for them. Farmers collect the crops once it is grown, then they take them to the market and sell it. 

Despite being so important for society, most of the farmers are poor. They face a lot of problems. They do not get the proper price for their hard work. They are tortured as well by the rich people to sell their crops at low prices. Their lands are also destroyed if they do not follow the rules.

The farmers suffer a lot and often have to suicide to get rid of all earthly problems. So it is the duty of the government to look after them. They are the foundation of our country. India depends a lot on agriculture. Efficient agriculture needs efficient farmers. The farmers must always be respected, protected, and cared for. 

That was everything to write essays on farmers. In this session above, I have tried to present the entire topic from a very simplistic perspective and also adopted a very easy language to write.

Hopefully, all kinds of students have understood this session and will be able to write such essays themselves. If you still have any doubts regarding this session, you can post them in the comment section below. To read more such sessions covering many more important topics, keep browsing our website.

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Animal Farm Essay Topics: 50+ Ideas and Example for Your Paper

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by  Antony W

December 16, 2023

animal farm essay topics

It’s easier and faster to write an animal farm essay if you teacher gives you a topic to cover. It’s the opposite if you have to choose a topic yourself because ideation is time consuming.

Quite too often, you have to read books, search the internet, or even consult your course mate for topics and ideas. By the time you find a good title, you probably have only a few hours left to complete the paper.

Fortunately, there’s an easier way to find essay topics . That’s by looking at our pre-compiled ideas on Animal Farm. In this post, you’ll find 50+ topic ideas related to Animal Farm, the beast fable by George Orwell.

You can use the list to inspire you to come up with a new, solid idea, or you can pick a topic from it and explore it further in your paper.

We have divided these topics into different categories, so you can choose your area according to the type of essay your teacher wants you to write. Also, while this is by no means an exhaustive list, it’s a good starting point for brainstorming.

Key Takeaways

  • Choose a topic that you find interesting, especially one that falls within a theme that you‘ve always wanted to explore. 
  • If you already have a topic but not enough time to write the paper, you can pay an essay writer here to get the first draft of the paper written for you.

50+ Best Animal Farm Essay Topics

Below are list of animal farm essay topics divided into different categories:

Easy Animal Farm Essay Topics

  • How the narrative of Animal Farm serve as a reflection of democratic principles
  • Ways in which Animal Farm mirror the inverse of Russia under Hitler’s reign, as depicted by Orwell?
  • How do the animals willingly surrender their freedom in Animal Farm, and what does this signify?
  • Why is the theme of freedom so crucial in George Orwell’s Animal Farm?
  • The role symbolism plays in conveying the deeper messages within Animal Farm
  • How does George Orwell’s biography connect to the themes and motifs explored in Animal Farm?
  • Explore the theme of fear and its various manifestations throughout Animal Farm.
  • The instances of corruption evident within the narrative of Animal Farm
  • In what ways does Animal Farm function as an allegory for the Soviet Union?
  • Analyze Squealer’s use of propaganda as a tool to instill fear among the animals in Animal Farm.
  • How does the concentration of power affect the characters and events within Animal Farm?
  • What are the explicit manifestations of communism in Animal Farm’s storyline?
  • What are the inherent faults or shortcomings depicted within the construct of Animal Farm?
  • Assess the effectiveness of Napoleon’s propaganda tactics in Animal Farm.

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Interesting Animal Farm Essay Topics

  • How does George Orwell’s use fear utilized as a potent tool for spreading propaganda in Animal Farm?
  • Discuss the rhetorical issues presented within the narrative of Animal Farm.
  • Trace the evolution of efficiency as portrayed in the Soviet Union mirrored within the storyline of Animal Farm.
  • How are issues of corruption addressed or confronted within the context of Animal Farm?
  • Explore the subsequent effects of favoritism depicted in Animal Farm and its impact on the farm’s dynamics.
  • How does the narrative portray the decline or deterioration of democracy within the farm?
  • Assess the repercussions of curtailed freedom as depicted in Animal Farm.
  • What implications does ignorance hold within the context of Animal Farm and its narrative?
  • Investigate the thematic implications of freedom within the context of the story.

Good Essay Topics Derived from Animal Farm

  • Compare and contrast the parallels between The Stranger and Animal Farm.
  • In what ways can you compare and contrast the ideologies of Nazism and Animal Farm?
  • How does Animal Farm depict the conflict between socialism and communism?
  • Explore the Marxist perspective and its applicability to Animal Farm.
  • Analyze Napoleon’s dictatorship and its characteristics within Animal Farm.
  • Discuss the complexities and harsh realities associated with the concept of freedom in Animal Farm.
  • How does Animal Farm depict the interplay between intelligence and manipulation among its characters?
  • What role does education and knowledge play in the ascent and downfall of power dynamics within Animal Farm?
  • How is propaganda and rhetoric used to sway and control the animals’ intelligence in Animal Farm?
  • Can you explore the varying types of intelligence exhibited by different animals in Animal Farm and their significance to the story?
  • How do the struggles for intelligence among the animals in Animal Farm parallel the human experience?
  • Analyze the theme of intellectual suppression and control within the narrative of Animal Farm.
  • How is history and memory manipulated to control the intelligence of the animals in Animal Farm?
  • Discuss the failure of the intelligent animals in Animal Farm to recognize their own oppression despite their intellect.

General Animal Farm Essay Topics

  • How George Orwell’s Animal Farm serves as a metaphor for life in the USSR during its time
  • How George Orwell presents and characterizes Napoleon within the narrative of “Animal Farm.
  • Explore the significance of the animals’ inability to read and its impact on their lives within Animal Farm.
  • Analyze the use of distortion as a literary device in George Orwell’s Animal Farm and its effects on the narrative.
  • In what ways does Animal Farm by George Orwell portray the importance of freedom within society?
  • Examine the distortion of socialism as depicted in George Orwell’s Animal Farm.
  • Trace the path to tyranny depicted in Animal Farm by George Orwell and its underlying themes.
  • Discuss how Benjamin embodies a prototypical character in the tale of Animal Farm by George Orwell and the significance of his role.
  • Analyze the political message against totalitarianism conveyed in George Orwell’s Animal Farm.

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Essay on Dog for Students and Children

500+ words essay on dog.

The dog is a pet animal. A dog has sharp teeth so that it can eat flesh very easily, it has four legs, two ears, two eyes, a tail, a mouth, and a nose. It is a very clever animal and is very useful in catching thieves. It runs very fast, barks loudly and attacks the strangers. A dog saves the life of the master from danger. One can find dogs everywhere in the world. Dogs are a very faithful animal. It has a sharp mind and a strong sense of hearing smelling the things. It also has many qualities like swimming in the water, jumping from anywhere, good smelling sense.

essay on dog

Importance of Dog

A dog has a strong power of smell . They are more liked by people because of their faithfulness. They are intelligent, they are watchfulness. The dogs have many colors such as grey, white, black, brown and red. They are of many kinds such as bloodhound, greyhound, german shepherd, Labrador, Rottweiler, bulldog poodle, etc.

Usually, the dog eats fish, meat, milk, rice, bread, etc. Dogs are sometimes called canines. Dogs are sometimes referred to as man’s best friend because they are kept as domestic pets and are usually loyal and like being around humans. They are also helpful in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression, loneliness, encourage exercise and playfulness and even improve your cardiovascular health. A dog also provides valuable companionship for older adults.

The dogs are so loyal to his master that nothing can induce him to leave his master. His master might be a poor man or even a beggar but still, the dog will not leave his master from far off. Dogs see their master coming home from work they rush to them and jump on them to show their love. Dogs are honest friends who are always ready to die to save a friend. It can bite a thief or stranger when they ignore its barking and try to mischief. Dogs always give security to the owner day and night.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Life Span 0f a Dog

The lifespan of a dog is very small however it can live around 12-15 years long which depend on their size such as smaller dogs lives a longer life. A female dog gives birth to a baby and feed milk that’s why dogs under the mammal category. The dog baby is called a puppy or pup and dog home is called kennel. Dogs are categorized according to their service to people such as guard dogs, herding dogs, hunting dogs, police dogs, guide dogs, sniffer dogs, etc. It has a strong power of smell with the assistance of police can arrest murderers, thieves, and dacoits. The Military trains the dogs to track and detect bombs.

Need for Dogs

Detection dogs can be employed at airports, police stations, borders, and schools. Tracking and Hunting dogs, hounds, terriers, and dachshund are the most popular types of hunting and tracking dogs. These dogs are trained to be the eyes, ears, and retrievers for their human companions.

Dogs are a very excellent swimmer. They are really a very helpful pet animal. He respects his owner from the heart and can easily guess his/ her presence through their smell. We should take good care of it and keep them in good condition.

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Animal Farm

George orwell, ask litcharts ai: the answer to your questions.

Totalitarianism Theme Icon

While Animal Farm condemns all forms of totalitarianism, it’s most explicitly a bitter attack on the Soviet Union. Though Orwell supported the ideals of socialism, he strongly opposed the Soviet Union’s descent into totalitarianism under Stalin in the decades before and during World War II. Animal Farm satirically attacks the Soviet Union by mirroring many events from Soviet history, and though Animal Farm is subtitled “A Fairy Story,” almost nothing that happens in it is at all fantastical; nearly every event, and indeed every character , correlates to a historical event, person, or group of people.

The first portion of the novel has parallels to the final years of the 19th century and the first few decades of the 20th century. Mr. Jones is a parallel to Tsar Nicholas, the final monarch of Russia, whose family was widely seen as decadent and unconcerned with the fact that many Russians at that point were starving and wildly dissatisfied with their rulers. Old Major represents Vladimir Lenin, a Marxist revolutionary who led the Bolshevik Party that ultimately ousted Nicholas during the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Like Old Major, Lenin didn’t survive to see his ideals come to fruition; rather, his associate Leon Trotsky, represented by Snowball in the novel, took over and advocated for spreading revolutions all over the world (as when Snowball proposes sending out more pigeons to spread word of the rebellion to neighboring farms) and planned to modernize what, by this time, had become the USSR. Joseph Stalin exiled Trotsky, however, and ultimately assassinated him in Mexico. Stalin, like his literary counterpart Napoleon , didn’t care much for debate, and instead amassed power, developed a totalitarian state, and relied heavily on propaganda to control the population. Events on Animal Farm after Napoleon’s takeover mirror many that happened in the USSR during his rule, including Stalin’s Five Year Plans (the first and second windmills ), rebellions on the part of farmers and sailors (the hens ’ rebellion), and Stalin’s show trials and executions (the confessions and executions of the four young pigs and other animals). The novel ends with a parallel to the Tehran Conference in 1943, during which Winston Churchill of Great Britain, Franklin D. Roosevelt of the US, and Stalin met to discuss how to achieve peace after World War II, an event that Orwell mocks when both Mr. Pilkington (the Allies) and Napoleon cheat at cards, presciently predicting what would ultimately develop into the Cold War between the US and the USSR.

Notably, Animal Farm focuses intently on the inner monologues and experiences of those who don’t have much or any power, such as Clover and Boxer (who symbolize female and male peasant workers, respectively). Through Clover’s experience in particular, Orwell paints a picture of 40 years’ worth of history that was alternately, and at times simultaneously, hopeful and horrific—and often hungry and scary for those without power, education, or the means to escape—as Mollie , the cat , and the real-life middle class do and did. Further, Orwell doesn’t stop at vilifying the USSR alone. Instead, he suggests that capitalists who got rich doing business with the USSR, as represented by Mr. Whymper , and ultimately, the allies who gave Stalin a legitimate place on the world stage, as represented by the farmers’ visit to Animal Farm at the end of the novel, are also to blame for what happened. Through this, Orwell cautions against romanticizing any aspect of Russian or USSR history, as even though he may have sympathized with the ideals that drove the revolution to begin with, he makes it very clear that the fruits of the revolution are nothing anyone should aspire to. Rather than helping anyone, the revolutions actually led to starvation, fear, death, and trauma of all sorts.

The Soviet Union ThemeTracker

Animal Farm PDF

The Soviet Union Quotes in Animal Farm

“Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings.”

Totalitarianism Theme Icon

At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws.

write an essay about your school farm

If a window was broken or a drain was blocked up, someone was certain to say that Snowball had come in the night and done it, and when the key of the store-shed was lost, the whole farm was convinced that Snowball had thrown it down the well. Curiously enough, they went on believing this even after the mislaid key was found under a sack of meal.

The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which.

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Mid-West Farm Report

Mid-West Farm Report

Agriculture Essay Contest Produces 18 Finalists!

June 3, 2024

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Agriculture Essay Contest Produces 18 Finalists!

Eighteen young writers were named state finalists in the Wisconsin Agriculture in the Classroom Essay Contest.

Wisconsin fourth and fifth graders were asked to author an essay with the theme ‘Wisconsin Agriculture is Fruit-full!’ as part of the annual essay contest that focuses on food and agriculture. The contest is open to all fourth- and fifth-grade students across the state, with each grade level judged as its own division.

Over 1,400 students authored essays for the competition. Wisconsin Farm Bureau Foundation, Fork Farms, and WE Energies sponsor the competition. County winners in both fourth- and fifth-grade moved on to their respective district levels, and these district-winning essays are now vying for the title of state winner.

The state winner will be announced in early June and awarded at the Wisconsin DATCP Board July Meeting to be held in Milwaukee on July 12.

The 18 district winners received a prize package including a medal, certificate, and Culver’s gift card. This year’s state essay contest finalists are:

Fourth-Grade State Finalist Essays

District 1: “Cranberries” by Romeo Suarez, Trinity Lutheran Freistadt, Mequon

District 2: “The Sweetness of a Strawberry” by Eleanor Jones-Sato, Roosevelt Elementary School, Janesville School District

District 3: “Wisconsin Agriculture is Fruit-Full” by Kellan Ingham, Prairie Catholic, Prairie du Chien

District 4: “Wisconsin’s Super Strawberries” by Rosalea Dahl, Cochrane-Fountain City, Fountain City

District 5: “The Wisconsin Fruit Dog’s Love” by Sierra Drake, Omro Elementary School, Omro

District 6: “Pears in Wisconsin” by Abigail Dallmann, Holy Family Catholic School, Brillion

District 7: “Cranberry” by Ryder B., St. James Lutheran, Shawano

District 8: “CRAZY For Cranberries!!” by Kaitlyn Russell, Washington Elementary, Wisconsin Rapids

District 9: “Wisconsin Cherries” by Eliana Webb, Oaklawn Elementary, Menomonie School District

Fifth-Grade State Finalist Essays

District 1: “Crazy for Cranberries” by Cashton Peterson, Yorkville Elementary

District 2: “Wisconsin Agriculture in Fruit-Full with Cranberries” by Mason Peterson, Rio Elementary

District 3: “Pumpkins in Wisconsin” by Bree Stalsberg, Fennimore Elementary School

District 4: “Strawberries” by Madilyn Bredow, Pepin Area Schools

District 5: “Wisconsin’s Fruit-Full Tour” by Hadley Barreau, Wonewoc-Center Elementary, Wonewoc-Center School District

District 6: “Wisconsin Agriculture is Fruit-Full” by Anna Van Maaren, Divine Savior, Kiel

District 7: “Cherries” by Leikyn Vele, New London Intermediate School Middle School, New London

District 8: “Cherries in Wisconsin” by Harriet Gordon, Mosinee Middle School, Mosinee

District 9: “Cranberry History in Wisconsin” by Clyde Score, Tiffany Creek Elementary, Boyceville

There’s More

As part of this year’s contest, schools of participating writers had a chance to win a Flex Farm Hydroponic System as part of a giveaway to promote the contest. The Flex Farm is courtesy of Wisconsin Farm Bureau Foundation and Fork Farms.

The lucky winner is Prairie Ridge Intermediate School, Reedsburg. The hydroponic system will allow the school to continue offering hands-on agricultural learning opportunities for students and offer the potential to grow Wisconsin’s sweetest agricultural product – fruit.

Bar Exam Toolbox Podcast Episode 265: Quick Tips -- What If You Run Out of Time While Writing a Bar Essay Answer?

In this episode, we discuss:

>What happens if you run out of time on an essay or miss one completely?

>Fighting the urge to keep writing

>How to quickly wrap up your essay response and move See more + Welcome back to the Bar Exam Toolbox podcast! Today, as part of our "Quick Tips" series, we're talking about time management on the bar exam. Specifically, we share tips on what to do if you run out of time when writing an essay answer.

>How to quickly wrap up your essay response and move on

>Time management tips that can help you avoid running out of time altogether

>Private Bar Exam Tutoring (https://barexamtoolbox.com/private-bar-exam-tutoring/)

>SpacedRepetition.com (https://spacedrepetition.com/)

>Podcast Episode 242: Quick Tips – How to Avoid Running Out of Time on the Performance Test (PT) (https://barexamtoolbox.com/podcast-episode-242-quick-tips-how-to-avoid-running-out-of-time-on-the-performance-test-pt/)

>Podcast Episode 244: Spaced Repetition and Memorization During Bar Prep (w/Gabe Teninbaum) (https://barexamtoolbox.com/podcast-episode-244-spaced-repetition-and-memorization-during-bar-prep-w-gabe-teninbaum/)

Download the Transcript (https://barexamtoolbox.com/episode-265-quick-tips-what-if-you-run-out-of-time-while-writing-a-bar-essay-answer/)

If you enjoy the podcast, we'd love a nice review and/or rating on  Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bar-exam-toolbox-podcast-pass-bar-exam-less-stress/id1370651486) or your favorite listening app. And feel free to reach out to us directly. You can always reach us via the contact form on the Bar Exam Toolbox website (https://barexamtoolbox.com/contact-us/). Finally, if you don't want to miss anything, you can sign up for podcast updates (https://barexamtoolbox.com/get-bar-exam-toolbox-podcast-updates/)!

Thanks for listening!

Alison & Lee

Today, I want to share a game-changer for your bar exam prep: SpacedRepetition.com. We've interviewed their CEO on the podcast before - check out episode 244 - but if you haven't heard about it, the site uses cutting-edge cognitive science to double, triple, or even quadruple memory retention, making sure you remember the most tested black letter law when it counts. The science is very real, and very effective, and we highly recommend giving it a try. It's only $99, and you even get a full week to decide if it's for you before you pay a penny. Plus, as a listener of our podcast, you get an exclusive 15% off the "Boost Deck," which is the product on SpacedRepetition.com made specifically for bar-preppers. When you check out, enter "toolbox" in all lower-case letters to get the discount!

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3. Writings On Education From Introduction To Tolstoy's Writings by Ernest J Simmons (1968)

After Tolstoy's speech at the Moscow Society of Lovers of Russian Literature in 1859, the president of that organization, devoted to popular views of the immediate social significance of literature, coldly reminded him that, however eternal truth and beauty may be in art, the artist is a man of his own times, and that the present historical moment was one in which self-indictment acquired a special meaning and an indefeasible right and hence must manifest itself in literature.

The time would come when Tolstoy's own views on literature for the people would radically change, but at the moment he had reached a point of despair and thought of abandoning literature forever. To scribble stories was stupid and shameful, he told A. A. Fet in a burst of enthusiastic confidence when he learned that this poet was thinking of settling on an estate near him and subordinating literature to farming. Literary friends, learning of his intention to plunge into educational theory and start a school at Yasnaya Polyana, pleaded with him not to deprive Russia of his literary leadership. He answered that his new endeavours bore a direct connection with his retreat from literature. For whom did Russian authors write, he asked? For themselves and the cultured few. For masses of illiterate Russian peasants literature was useless. If they could not read his writings, then he would teach them. This, he declared, was the first and essential step toward the creation of a "literature for the people." Here was a purpose that would satisfy his thirst for activity and moral influence.

When Tolstoy opened his school in the autumn of 1859 in a single room of his large manor house at Yasnaya Polyana, free education for peasant children did not exist in Russia. Occasionally, a village would boast of a priest or an ex-soldier who taught a few children at so much per head. The subjects were elementary, the method a mixture of blows and learning by heart, and the results negligible. This situation Tolstoy wished to remedy by substituting public education based on entirely original pedagogical methods.

With half a year of highly successful teaching behind him, it was almost inevitable that Tolstoy should find himself bedevilled in a maze of speculation on pedagogy and obsessed with schemes for improving national education. In March, 1860, he wrote to a friend, E. P. Kovalevsky, brother of the Minister of National Education, of his efforts and mentioned that he already had fifty students and that the number was growing.

"Wisdom in all worldly affairs it seems to me," he continued, "consists not in recognizing what must be done but in knowing what to do first and then what comes after."

He boldly questioned the value to progress in Russia of roads, the telegraph, literature, and the arts, as long as only about one per cent of some seventy millions of people were literate. As a remedy he proposed the establishment of a Society of National Education. Among its duties would be setting up public schools where they were most needed, designing courses of instruction, training teachers in suitable educational methods, and publishing a journal devoted to the dissemination of the society's pedagogical ideals.

Tolstoy received no official encouragement for his proposed program, but from the evidence of fragments of pedagogical essays at this time it is obvious that he had begun to think out his own course of instruction. In one fragment, entitled " On the Problems of Pedagogy ," he wrote:

"For every living condition of development, there is a pedagogical expediency, and to search this out is the problem of pedagogy."

Aware that he was trying, without sufficient knowledge, to handle large abstract concepts of educational theory, which in Russia were entirely dominated by Western European influence, he went abroad in 1860 to study them at the source. A full account of this effort reveals how thoroughly he pursued his objective. He visited schools and participated in classroom work in Germany, France, and England; he talked with teachers and leading educational theorists in these countries; and he collected and studied quantities of textbook samples and read numerous foreign treatises on education. After visiting schools at Kissingen, he jotted down in his diary:

"It is terrible! Prayers for the king; blows; everything by rote; terrified, beaten children."

Another entry shortly after:

"The idea of experimental pedagogy agitates me. I can scarcely contain myself...."

And in still a third entry, after reading Montaigne, he wrote:

"In education, once more, the chief things are equality and freedom."

Julius Froebel, nephew of Friedrich Froebel the celebrated educational reformer and founder of the kindergarten system, has left an interesting account of his discussion with Tolstoy:

" 'Progress in Russia,' he told me, 'must come out of public education, which among us will give better results than in Germany, because the Russian masses are not yet spoiled by false education."'

Tolstoy went on to inform him of his own school in which learning was in no sense obligatory.

"'If education is good,' he said, 'then the need for it will manifest itself like hunger."'

And Froebel also relates that Tolstoy spoke of the Russian masses as a "mysterious and irrational force," from which one day would emerge an entirely new organization of the world, and said that from the Russian artel would develop in the future a communistic structure.

This report reflects the proud, dogmatic, almost arrogant attitude that Tolstoy adopted toward European personalities he met on this educational study trip. While sincerely seeking knowledge, he invariably made it clear that he belonged to no school of thought, had his own point of view on most questions, and that Europeans did not understand the real failings of their civilization.

From his visits to the schools of Marseille, Tolstoy took away a gloomy impression of the futility of the subjects taught and the lifeless, unimaginative methods of teaching them. On the other hand, when he talked with workers and children on the streets, he found them intelligent, free-thinking, and surprisingly well informed, but with no thanks to their schooling.

This situation led him to conclude in a later account of these experiences, in an article entitled " On National Education ":

"Here is an unconscious school undermining a compulsory school and making its contents almost of no worth.... What I saw in Marseille and in all other countries amounts to this: everywhere the principal part in educating a people is played not by schools, but by life."

This is the kind of characteristic half-truth that Tolstoy was fond of deducing from incomplete experience, and it became an important factor in his educational theorizing. But even half-truths that blasted away the hard shell of traditional and erroneous thinking on vital social problems had their value for him.

Tolstoy returned to Russia in the spring of 1861. He erected a three-room schoolhouse at Yasnaya Polyana, and, with several teachers employed to assist him in the instruction, he worked for the next year and a half with self-sacrificing zeal on theoretical and practical problems of education. He expounded his theories and described his practice in twelve extensive articles and a series of notes published in a magazine he founded called Yasnaya Polyana, the issues of which appeared between February, 1862, and March, 1863. Teachers and students also contributed to the magazine. Much of what follows here is based upon Tolstoy's articles, which for that time were quite original in substance but often weakened by perverse and exasperatingly dogmatic reasoning. Though truth was his sole aim, he occasionally forgot that his sweeping generalizations were based on limited experience with his own little school and on the efforts of unique students and a unique teacher. A persistent scepticism was the trade secret of his thinking in educational matters as in other fields of human endeavour.

Over the door of the school Tolstoy placed the inscription: " Enter and Leave Freely ." Perhaps he was thinking, by way of contrast, of Dante's inscription over hell: " Abandon Hope, All Ye who Enter Here ," which he would hardly have hesitated to place above the entrance to most European schools he had visited. Certainly the atmosphere of his own school convinced the children that education was a precious and joyous heritage.

Tolstoy believed that all education should be free and voluntary. He supported the desire of the masses for education, but he denied that the government or any other authority had the right to force it upon them. The logic of things, and his study of the operation of compulsory education abroad, convinced him that in this form it was an evil. Pupils should come to learn of their own accord, for if education were a good, it would be found as necessary as the air they breathed. If people were antagonistic, then the will of the people should become the guiding factor. Tolstoy's faith in the " will of the people ," even though the people might oppose commonly accepted notions of progress, contained the seeds of his later anarchism, and was a direct slap at radical reformers who would uplift the masses against their will.

Tolstoy also believed that education should answer the needs of the masses, but his conception of their needs had nothing in common with that of contemporary progressive thinkers. Nor did he have any patience with the widespread pedagogical conviction that education should mould the character and improve the morals of students. These were matters for family influence, he declared, and the teacher had no right to introduce his personal moral standards or social convictions into the sanctity of the home. In public education he was concerned primarily with peasants, the vast majority of the population. But he was not bent on elevating them above their class by the power of education (a definite evil in his eyes); he was concerned with making them better, more successful, and happier peasants.

In this context the individualistic direction of Tolstoy's thought was apparent. The assumption of civilization's progress in Macaulay, Buckle, and especially in Hegel, he firmly rejected. For some time opposition between the good of the individual and the good of society had been troubling him. He was already developing a philosophy hostile to the pragmatic ideal that progress could be achieved only by social education of the people through the medium of democracy. Progress was personal, he felt, and not social. Education must serve the individual and not society, for the individual's capacity to serve humanity was what gave meaning to life. Yet he did not appear to see the contradiction in his rejection of the whole modern concept of progress. He would teach the peasant child what he needed, but what he needed was often conditioned by the social system in which he lived.

In his article " On National Education " Tolstoy defined education as "a human activity based on desire for equality and a constant tendency or urge to advance in knowledge." Education, he asserted, was history and therefore had no final aim. Its only method was experience; its only criterion, freedom.

Tolstoy attempted to realize in practice even the more extreme aspects of his educational philosophy. Since he believed that the functioning of a school must be adapted to the peculiar conditions of the pupils, he conceded that his own village school might well be the worst possible model for those elsewhere. Attendance was non-compulsory and free to all. Classes ordinarily ran from eight o'clock to noon and then from three o'clock to six, but, as Tolstoy proudly wrote a friend, the students often continued an hour or more beyond closing time,

"because it is impossible to send the children away — they beg for more."

During the morning, elementary and advanced reading were taught, composition, penmanship, grammar, sacred history, Russian history, drawing, music, mathematics, natural sciences, and religion; in the afternoon there were experiments in physical sciences and lessons in singing, reading, and composition. No consistent order was followed, however, and lessons were lengthened or omitted according to the degree of interest manifested by the students. On Sundays the teachers met to talk over the work and lay out plans for the following week. But there was no obligation to adhere to any plan, and each teacher was placed entirely upon his own. For a time they kept a common diary in which were set down with merciless frankness their failures as well as their successes.

Originality was the guiding spirit. Freedom ruled, but never to the extent of anarchy. When Tolstoy purposely left the room in the middle of a lesson to test the behaviour of his students, they did not break into an uproar as he had observed was the case in similar circumstances in classrooms he visited abroad. When he left, the students were enjoying complete freedom, and hence they behaved as though he were still in the room. They corrected or praised each other's work, and some-times they grew entirely quiet. Such results, he explained, were natural in a school where the pupils were not obliged to attend, to remain, or to pay attention.

Tolstoy insisted that only in the absence of force and compulsion could natural relations be maintained between teacher and pupils. The teacher defined the limits of freedom in the classroom by his knowledge and capacity to manage. And the pupils, Tolstoy wrote, should be treated as reasoning and reasonable beings; only then would they find out that order was essential and that self-government was necessary to preserve it. If pupils were really interested in what was being taught, he declared, disorder would rarely occur, and when it did, the interested students would compel the disorderly ones to pay attention.

The successful functioning of such a school demanded unusual ability on the part of the teacher. Tolstoy admitted this, and justly claimed for himself a certain pedagogic tact. Always in his mind was the pupil's convenience in learning and not the teacher's in teaching. He argued that there was no best method in teaching a subject; the best method was that which the teacher happened to know best. That method was good which when introduced did not necessitate an increase of discipline, and that which required greater severity was bad. The method should develop out of the exigencies of a given problem in teaching, and it should please the pupils instead of the teacher. In short, teaching, according to Tolstoy, could not be described as a method; it was a talent, an art. Finality and perfection were never achieved in it; development and perfecting continued endlessly.

In this free atmosphere of student-dominated learning, certain traditional subjects were resisted in a manner that led Tolstoy to doubt their ultimate usefulness and to question the desirability of teaching them to youngsters. Grammar was such a subject. Although his emphasis in instruction favoured analysis, the kind involved in grammar put the students to sleep. To write correctly and to correct mistakes made by others gave his pupils pleasure, but this was only true when the process was unrelated to grammar. After much experimentation with teaching the subject, he concluded in an article in Yasnaya Polyana that

"grammar comes of itself as a mental and not unprofitable gymnastic exercise, and language — to write with skill and to read and understand — also comes of itself."

In the pages of his educational magazine, Tolstoy provides vivid accounts, filled with all the charm of his realistic art, of daily life at the school. On a cold winter morning the bell would ring. Children would run out into the village street. There was no lagging on the way, no urge to play the truant. Each child was eager to get there first. The pupils carried nothing in their hands, no homework books or exercises. They had not been obliged to remember any lesson. They brought only themselves, their receptive natures, and the certainty that it would be as jolly in school that day as it had been the day before.

At the end of a lesson Tolstoy would announce that it was time to eat and play, and, challenging them to race him out-doors, he would leap downstairs, three or four steps at a time, followed by a pack of screaming laughing children. Then he would face them in the snow and they would clamber over his back, desperately striving to pull him down. He was more like an older brother to them and they responded to his efforts with devotion and tireless interest. Their close, even tender, relations are touchingly reflected in one of the magazine articles. He describes how, after school, he accompanies several of the pupils home on a moonless winter night by a roundabout way through the woods, entertaining them with tales of Caucasian robbers and brave Cossacks. The youngest, a ten-year-old boy, furtively clasps two of his teacher's fingers during the most fearful part of a story. At the end of the narration, by one of those quick transitions of children, an older pupil suddenly asks why do they have to learn singing at school? "What is drawing for?" Tolstoy rhetorically asks, puzzled for the moment about how to explain the usefulness of art. "Yes, why draw figures?" - another queries. "What is a lime tree for?" a third asks. At once all begin to speculate on these questions, and the fact emerges that not everything exists for use, that there is also beauty, and that art is beauty

"It feels strange to repeat what we said then," Tolstoy writes, "but it seems to me that we said all that can be said about utility, and plastic and moral beauty."

The ten-year-old was the last of the group to be delivered to his home. He still clung to Tolstoy's hand, out of gratitude it seemed, and as he entered the miserable thatched hut of his poverty-stricken parents, in which his father and the drunken village tailor were gambling, the lad said pathetically:

"Good-by! Let us always have talks like this!"

Tolstoy ended this account in his article by meditating on the age-old question of the moral and practical utility of educating the masses. The cultured, he wrote, would remonstrate: Why give these poor peasant children the knowledge that will make them dissatisfied with their class and their lot in life? But such a peasant boy, concluded Tolstoy, addressing the upper class,

"needs what your life of ten generations unoppressed by labor has brought to you. You had the leisure to search, to think, to suffer — then give him that for which you suffered; this is what he needs. You, like the Egyptian priest, conceal yourself from him by a mysterious cloak, you bury in the earth the talent given to you by history. Do not fear: nothing human is harmful to man. Do you doubt yourself? Surrender to the feeling and it will not deceive you. Trust in his [the peasant boy's] nature, and you will be convinced that he will take only that which history commanded you to give him, that which you have earned by suffering."

The question of art and its relation to his young peasant pupils interested Tolstoy. With his customary freshness, attention to detail, and marvellous power of direct vision he discussed the subject in one of his most remarkable articles, " Who Should Teach Whom to Write, We the Peasant Children or the Peasant Children Us ?" It was inspired by an exciting experience in composition in his school. Themes on the usual subjects, such as descriptions of a forest, a pig, or a table, drove the children to tears. Tolstoy then suggested that they write a story on peasant life, to illustrate a proverb. The pupils found this difficult too, but one boy proposed that Tolstoy write the story himself, in competition with them. He composed several pages and then was interrupted by Fedka, who climbed on the back of his chair and read over his shoulder. Tolstoy explained the plot of the story and the boys immediately became interested. They criticized what had been done and suggested different ways of continuing. Fedka took the leading part in this discussion and surprised Tolstoy by his imagination and sense of proportion, important qualities in every art. Tolstoy set to work to write to the dictation of his pupils Syomka and Fedka, who angrily rejected superfluous details offered by others and eventually took command of the situation. The rest of the boys went home.

Tolstoy described how he and his two pupils worked feverishly from seven in the evening till eleven. Neither hunger nor weariness bothered them. In his account of their collective effort, he gave a number of convincing examples of the artistic rightness and fitness of details, descriptions, and selection that the boys argued and insisted upon. They drew from their experience of village life and characters; and they were nearly always right. Tolstoy was tremendously excited and admitted that he had felt such a strong emotion only two or three times in his life. He was amazed at his discovery of such artistic and creative powers in two peasant lads who could scarcely read or write, and it seemed almost offensive that he, a nationally known author, was virtually unable to instruct these eleven-year-old pupils in his art.

The next day, and still a third day, they continued the story with equal enthusiasm. Then the work was interrupted because Tolstoy had to go away for a few days. During his absence a craze for making popguns out of paper swept the school and the unfinished manuscript of the story was unwittingly sacrificed to this childish diversion. When Tolstoy discovered the loss upon his return, he was deeply chagrined. Fedka and Syomka, aware of his keen disappointment, offered to reproduce the tale themselves. They came after school one evening at nine o'clock and locked themselves in his study. Tolstoy listened at the door and heard them laughing. Then all grew quiet, except for subdued voices discussing the story, and the scratching of a pen. At midnight he knocked and was admitted. Fedka still had a few more sentences to dictate to Syomka, who stood at the large table busily writing, his lines running crookedly across the paper and his pen constantly stabbing at the inkpot. At last Tolstoy took the copybook. After a merry supper of potatoes and kvas, the boys lay down on their sheepskin coats under the writing table, and until sleep over-took them, their healthy, childish laughter rang through the room.

Tolstoy read the story over and found it very similar to the original draft. Some new details had been added, but the tale contained the same truth, measure, and feeling for beauty of the first version. Under the title of the Russian proverb, " The Spoon Feeds, but the Handle Sticks in the Eye ," he printed it, with very few changes, in his pedagogical magazine.

From this unusual experiment in composition Tolstoy drew some interesting conclusions. He declared that nearly all contemporary art was intended for people of leisure and artificial training and was therefore useless to the masses, whose demand for art was more legitimate. He dismissed with some vexation the stale notion that in order to understand and appreciate the beautiful a certain amount of preparation was necessary.

"Who said this?" he asked in his magazine account of the writing of the story. "Why? What proves it? It is only a dodge, a loophole to escape from the hopeless position to which the false direction of our art, produced for one class alone, has led us. Why are the beauty of the sun, of the human face, the beauty of the sounds of a folk song, and of deeds of love and self-sacrifice accessible to everyone, and why do they demand no preparation? "

Tolstoy's position was no doubt extreme, and there was also considerable exaggeration in his unqualified praise of the literary ability of his pupils, who were unquestionably inspired by his own artistic interests. Yet such schoolboy efforts helped to teach him the fundamental truth that the need to enjoy and serve art was inherent in every human being, and that this need had its right and should be satisfied.

Although the Society for National Education that Tolstoy projected found no support among government officials, his school was not without its influence. After the emancipation of the serfs, the government encouraged them to open their own schools. Peasants in the Tula district, where Yasnaya Polyana was situated, appealed to Tolstoy for teachers, and he willingly suggested a number. By 1862 there were no less than thirteen village schools in his area, and their teachers were all zealous disciples of Tolstoy's pedagogical approach. They caught from him a devotion and enthusiasm in what was essentially a pioneering venture. Living like peasants in the dirty, stuffy huts where they held their classes, and using tables for blackboards, they worked from seven in the morning until late at night. At first, like Tolstoy, they had to overcome the ignorant suspicions of peasant fathers and mothers who distrusted these newfangled methods of teaching and were alarmed because their children were not regularly beaten by the masters. But the fact that they were entirely free to send them to school or take them out overcame resistance. Finally, the happiness of the youngsters and their obvious progress in so short a time eventually won the parent's complete confidence in the system.

In a brief note " To the Public " that introduced his pedagogical magazine, Tolstoy eagerly invited criticism. Much of it was hostile and unconstructive, and particularly that which came from progressive thinkers of the time. He was called a " pedagogical nihilist " and his experiment was castigated as a complete overthrow of educational order and discipline. In a few periodicals, however, several teachers, weary of slavish Russian devotion to foreign models in pedagogy, bravely encouraged the less extreme aspects of his school. But, in general, his efforts failed to inspire enthusiastic acceptance among educators. His principle of freedom for both teachers and pupils was too radical a demand for even the most progressive theorists.

Worse still, in the eyes of critics, was Tolstoy's conviction that his educational ideas amounted to a revolt against established opinion in the name of healthy common sense. More-over, he scorned scientific exposition in his articles and used the simple and forceful prose of which he was a master. If he had elected to write treatises on experimental pedagogy in the accepted trade jargon, buttressed with elaborate footnotes and well-chosen citations from approved authorities, he would doubtless have gained a hearing, even if an unfavourable one.

As a matter of fact, certain government officials regarded Tolstoy's activities in education with dark suspicion. In October, 1862, the Minister of the Interior wrote to the Minister of National Education to complain about the harmful aspects of the pedagogical magazine. He pointed out that its general direction and spirit perverted the fundamental values of religion and morality, and he suggested that the censor's attention should be specifically directed toward correcting the situation.

In part, the fears of the Minister of the Interior were correct: Tolstoy's educational articles did call into question the whole contemporary concept of morality. His extremely radical position represented a danger not only to the whole foundation of educational practice, but to the authority of the State. The freedom that he advocated seemed to verge on rebellion, and children educated in this spirit would hardly grow up with proper reverence for those institutions of tsarist government that had been infested by corruption and oppression. His educational philosophy would place the human worth and well-being of the individual above the well-being of the State. In short, the spirit of Christian anarchy that Tolstoy was later to preach so openly and eloquently had already crept into his thinking. For in his educational articles he condemned the false morality of government and society, their despotism, the use of force, and the belief in the legality of punishment. And he frankly stated his belief that the masses could exist without the educated classes, and hence without government, but that the educated classes could not exist without the masses.

Because of his marriage, various discouragements, and a suddenly renewed interest in fiction writing, Tolstoy abandoned his school and the pedagogical magazine at the end of 1862. But his concern for the education of the young, which soon revived when his own children came along, remained with him for the rest of his life, as frequent references to it in letters and in his diary indicate. For example, in 1872 he published his first ABC Book, in which, he said, he had put more work and love than in anything else he had done. It contained a complete curriculum for beginning pupils. There are sections on reading and writing, with drawings, exercises, and various typographical devices to aid in spelling and pronunciation; there are also sections on natural sciences and arithmetic. He realized the importance of effective examples and exercises, and his selections are original and often reveal rare artistic taste. The frame of reference is restricted by the limitations of the students and their daily lives.

"From the natural sciences," he wrote a friend, "I did not choose what may be found in books or anything that I by chance knew or what appeared to me necessary to know, but only that which was clear and beautiful, and when it seemed to me insufficiently clear and beautiful, I tried to express it in my own way."

Several of the stories used as examples in the ABC Book are entirely Tolstoy's own; others are drawn from various folk sources.

The ABC Book, based upon pedagogical theories that Tolstoy had developed and put into practice in his village school was designed, as he said, for the teacher who loved both his calling and his pupils. The work firmly eschews useless or erudite knowledge, or facts beyond the comprehension or experience of beginners. For the chief significance of teaching, he maintained, was not in the assimilation of a known quantity of information, but in awakening in students an interest in knowledge.

Tolstoy was sadly disappointed at the reception of the ABC Book, in which he had deliberately tried to avoid extremes in his theorizing. However, the innovations infuriated pedagogues, and a deluge of sharp, even vicious, reviews resulted. The reviewers charged that the work was an attack on accepted methods of instruction, that he had opposed to a pedagogical system of reason one of faith, to a system of science one of instinct and imagination, and to a system of conviction and ideas one of moral principles. Stubbornly he turned once again to teaching peasant children in his district, in order to demonstrate the methods he advocated in his ABC Book.

In 1873 an invitation from the Moscow Committee on Literacy to explain his educational system to them again aroused Tolstoy's conviction that he had a national public service to perform in education. One result of the meeting was a request to test his ideas on teaching, in several subjects, against the conventional methods employed in the schools. Two groups of Moscow children of similar ages and social backgrounds were provided. One of Tolstoy's experienced Yasnaya Polyana teachers instructed a group, and a teacher designated by the Moscow Committee on Literacy the other. At the conclusion of seven weeks of teaching, six members of the committee examined both groups of students. Although there was no unanimity among the examiners, a majority decided that the pupils taught by Tolstoy's opponent had excelled in all three subjects — reading, writing, and arithmetic.

Tolstoy felt that the test had failed to prove anything because it had been conducted under the worst possible conditions. And he submitted the article previously mentioned, " On National Education ," to the popular magazine, ' Notes of the Fatherland '. It is in the form of a letter addressed to the head of the Moscow Committee on Literacy. The article (September, 1874) is largely a reaffirmation of the views Tolstoy expressed in the pages of his own pedagogical magazine twelve years before. With ruthless dogmatism he condemns outright the phonetic and visual methods of teaching then used in Russian elementary schools. And those native teachers who burned incense to German pedagogical theory he sharply criticized for failing to understand or respect the educational needs of the Russian masses. All a teacher has to know, he declares, is what to teach and how to teach. To find out what to teach, one must go to the people, to the students and their parents. At present, he asserts, the people demand that their children learn how to read and write and to cipher. Until they demand something more, teachers have no right to teach more. As for how to teach, he sums it up in his old phrase: the only criterion for pedagogy is freedom, the only method is experience.

The article created a great stir among the public, infinitely more so than all of Tolstoy's publications on educational themes in the past. To be sure, the work was attractively written, but now it had also come from the pen of the famous author of ' war and peace ', and he had had the good sense to print it in a widely read periodical. In a real sense the effort suddenly made the public pedagogically minded and inspired a surprisingly large number of articles and letters in a variety of magazines. Although the experts, with few exceptions, vigorously attacked him, his views elicited widespread sympathetic response among laymen. After years of striving he at last had the satisfaction of knowing that his theories had reached the general public.

With such encouragement, Tolstoy felt impelled to try for further success. In February, 1875, he published his New ABC Book. It was shorter, cheaper, more practical, and as he remarked in the foreword, adaptable to any method of teaching. Here, too, he now won success, for the Ministry of National Education recommended the work. It was widely adopted by schools and ran into many large editions (100,000 copies were printed for the 1900 edition).

At the same time, Tolstoy published four children's Readers, which contained material taken mostly from his first ABC Book. The excellence and variety of the selections, the artistic simplicity of the narratives, and no doubt the inexpensive price gained an enormous market for these little books, and over the years they sold in tens of thousands.

Tolstoy's old dream seemed on the point of realization — he was beginning to exercise a pronounced influence on the course of elementary education in Russia. And the dream expanded. He wanted to take a prominent place in the larger field of national education, and he wrote to the minister to inquire whether the government would consider a detailed program that he was contemplating on instruction in the schools and another for training teachers. Although the reply was favourable, it was delayed so long that the impatient Tolstoy had already charged off in another direction. Breaking a rule he had set up for himself, he accepted election to the County Council and an appointment to its Education Committee.

One naturally thinks of the poet Matthew Arnold, inspector of schools in England at this time. With Arnold, however, the post was a means of livelihood and a most unpoetic business. Tolstoy, in his more restricted sphere, found a world of poetry in the work of inspecting local schools. He agitated with some success for inexpensive instruction in the district, and he launched his pet project of establishing at Yasnaya Polyana a teachers' training seminary, for he wished to train peasant teachers to take their place in the milieu in which they had grown up and to provide the kind of education for peasant children that would not instill in them alien desires or render them unfit for the performance of duties to which they would be called by their position in life. This was to be, he remarked, a " university in bast shoes ."

In 1874 the Ministry of Education approved Tolstoy's carefully prepared plan for a teachers' training seminary. And his request to the Tula government for financial assistance in return for a certain number of tuition teaching scholarships was granted. But for some unexplained reason, perhaps because educational centers in the Tula government did not favour the idea, only twelve candidates applied for the program. This poor showing discouraged Tolstoy and he refused to open his " university in bast shoes ." It was his last constructive effort to improve formal education in Russia. A long and arduous chapter in the history of Tolstoy's civic conscience had come to an end.

Despite hostility to Tolstoy's educational practices and writings during his lifetime, since then there has been a tendency to acclaim him a brilliant innovator and one of the most significant of educational reformers. Experimental schools in America and abroad have profited from the full accounts he left of his own experiences. His methods of teaching the alphabet and reading, his insistence on self-reliance by obliging students to do manual labor, and his belief that the child should be allowed as much freedom as possible in the classroom — these features of his system have had their influence in later progressive education. And one of his principal theses, that the school should always remain a kind of pedagogical laboratory to keep it from falling behind universal progress, has found wide acceptance as an educational premise.

In one respect it may be said that his first absorbing educational experiment between 1859 and 1862 fulfilled another purpose: the school at Yasnaya Polyana contributed as much to the historical development of Tolstoy as it had to the education of peasant children — it brought him back to the career of fiction writing. It was as though a kind of catharsis had been effected that once again left his mind and spirit free for artistic work.

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