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My summer thesis research journey.

In the year and some of chaos that has defined our lives, thinking about summer opportunities felt like an impossibility at the end of my junior spring.

I was burned out and ready for a much overdue break. I knew that I wanted to engage in something that would inform my senior year in a meaningful way, but I was lost as to what to pursue. After weeks of sifting through internships postings, the idea came to me in the form of an email from the History of Science Department- my senior thesis. The thesising process can be long and stressful, but what better way to get a head start on the work than by dedicating my summer to the project. I had already been considering my thesis topic for several months, but I was still unsure about how to approach getting started. As a first step, I started looking at potential avenues of having my research funded. I was surprised to learn that I could have my independent research project funded as a full-time project, something that I had never considered as an option. Not only has this project given me the chance to push myself academically, but it has also given me the chance to grow professionally through the curation, management, and execution of my own project.

Summer Research Photo

These research materials and I have been attached all summer.

My thesis focuses on colonial psychiatry in Morocco during the French occupation and its effects on the classification and treatment of mental illnesses. Furthermore, I plan to focus on how traditional and Western methods of understanding insanity and mental illness overlapped, clashed, and evolved over the course of the protectorate and into the modern-day. As a Moroccan myself, this topic is extremely close to my heart and has given me the opportunity to connect with my country’s history in a way that I have never been able to before. The research has been equal parts fulfilling and challenging. Virtual research has been an entirely new experience for me, one that has pushed me to adopt new strategies for learning. Accessing archives, finding relevant and accessible books, and creating a meaningful relationship with my research adviser are just a few spaces where adjusting to the virtual space has been difficult. On the other hand, I have also been granted an unexpected blessing throughout this time. I have been able to stay close to my family at home, who all have treasure troves of lived experiences that have helped me narrow and guide the project just through having conversations with them. 

My still ongoing journey with research has been a long and confusing one, but it has also been equal parts fulfilling and enlightening. Throughout this summer, I have gained newfound insight into myself as a person, student, and researcher. I have become more flexible and open to new avenues in my research while also recognizing the importance of the support and feedback of my family and friends throughout this project. I am excited to see where the rest of this summer takes me!

Nadya Class of '22 Alumni

Hi! My name is Nadya and I am a Senior concentrating in the History of Science on the Mind Brain and Behavior Track with a citation in Spanish, living in Mather House.

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My unusual path to neuroscience, and research.

Raymond Class of '25

How I Organized a Hackathon at Harvard

Kathleen Class of '24

Learning a Language at Harvard!

Ricky Class of '27

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What is a thesis | A Complete Guide with Examples

Table of Contents

A thesis is a comprehensive academic paper based on your original research that presents new findings, arguments, and ideas of your study. It’s typically submitted at the end of your master’s degree or as a capstone of your bachelor’s degree.

However, writing a thesis can be laborious, especially for beginners. From the initial challenge of pinpointing a compelling research topic to organizing and presenting findings, the process is filled with potential pitfalls.

Therefore, to help you, this guide talks about what is a thesis. Additionally, it offers revelations and methodologies to transform it from an overwhelming task to a manageable and rewarding academic milestone.

What is a thesis?

A thesis is an in-depth research study that identifies a particular topic of inquiry and presents a clear argument or perspective about that topic using evidence and logic.

Writing a thesis showcases your ability of critical thinking, gathering evidence, and making a compelling argument. Integral to these competencies is thorough research, which not only fortifies your propositions but also confers credibility to your entire study.

Furthermore, there's another phenomenon you might often confuse with the thesis: the ' working thesis .' However, they aren't similar and shouldn't be used interchangeably.

A working thesis, often referred to as a preliminary or tentative thesis, is an initial version of your thesis statement. It serves as a draft or a starting point that guides your research in its early stages.

As you research more and gather more evidence, your initial thesis (aka working thesis) might change. It's like a starting point that can be adjusted as you learn more. It's normal for your main topic to change a few times before you finalize it.

While a thesis identifies and provides an overarching argument, the key to clearly communicating the central point of that argument lies in writing a strong thesis statement.

What is a thesis statement?

A strong thesis statement (aka thesis sentence) is a concise summary of the main argument or claim of the paper. It serves as a critical anchor in any academic work, succinctly encapsulating the primary argument or main idea of the entire paper.

Typically found within the introductory section, a strong thesis statement acts as a roadmap of your thesis, directing readers through your arguments and findings. By delineating the core focus of your investigation, it offers readers an immediate understanding of the context and the gravity of your study.

Furthermore, an effectively crafted thesis statement can set forth the boundaries of your research, helping readers anticipate the specific areas of inquiry you are addressing.

Different types of thesis statements

A good thesis statement is clear, specific, and arguable. Therefore, it is necessary for you to choose the right type of thesis statement for your academic papers.

Thesis statements can be classified based on their purpose and structure. Here are the primary types of thesis statements:

Argumentative (or Persuasive) thesis statement

Purpose : To convince the reader of a particular stance or point of view by presenting evidence and formulating a compelling argument.

Example : Reducing plastic use in daily life is essential for environmental health.

Analytical thesis statement

Purpose : To break down an idea or issue into its components and evaluate it.

Example : By examining the long-term effects, social implications, and economic impact of climate change, it becomes evident that immediate global action is necessary.

Expository (or Descriptive) thesis statement

Purpose : To explain a topic or subject to the reader.

Example : The Great Depression, spanning the 1930s, was a severe worldwide economic downturn triggered by a stock market crash, bank failures, and reduced consumer spending.

Cause and effect thesis statement

Purpose : To demonstrate a cause and its resulting effect.

Example : Overuse of smartphones can lead to impaired sleep patterns, reduced face-to-face social interactions, and increased levels of anxiety.

Compare and contrast thesis statement

Purpose : To highlight similarities and differences between two subjects.

Example : "While both novels '1984' and 'Brave New World' delve into dystopian futures, they differ in their portrayal of individual freedom, societal control, and the role of technology."

When you write a thesis statement , it's important to ensure clarity and precision, so the reader immediately understands the central focus of your work.

What is the difference between a thesis and a thesis statement?

While both terms are frequently used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings.

A thesis refers to the entire research document, encompassing all its chapters and sections. In contrast, a thesis statement is a brief assertion that encapsulates the central argument of the research.

Here’s an in-depth differentiation table of a thesis and a thesis statement.

Now, to craft a compelling thesis, it's crucial to adhere to a specific structure. Let’s break down these essential components that make up a thesis structure

15 components of a thesis structure

Navigating a thesis can be daunting. However, understanding its structure can make the process more manageable.

Here are the key components or different sections of a thesis structure:

Your thesis begins with the title page. It's not just a formality but the gateway to your research.

Here, you'll prominently display the necessary information about you (the author) and your institutional details.

• Title of your thesis
• Your full name
• Your department
• Your institution and degree program
• Your submission date
• Your Supervisor's name (in some cases)
• Your Department or faculty (in some cases)
• Your University's logo (in some cases)
• Your Student ID (in some cases)

In a concise manner, you'll have to summarize the critical aspects of your research in typically no more than 200-300 words.

This includes the problem statement, methodology, key findings, and conclusions. For many, the abstract will determine if they delve deeper into your work, so ensure it's clear and compelling.

Acknowledgments

Research is rarely a solitary endeavor. In the acknowledgments section, you have the chance to express gratitude to those who've supported your journey.

This might include advisors, peers, institutions, or even personal sources of inspiration and support. It's a personal touch, reflecting the humanity behind the academic rigor.

Table of contents

A roadmap for your readers, the table of contents lists the chapters, sections, and subsections of your thesis.

By providing page numbers, you allow readers to navigate your work easily, jumping to sections that pique their interest.

List of figures and tables

Research often involves data, and presenting this data visually can enhance understanding. This section provides an organized listing of all figures and tables in your thesis.

It's a visual index, ensuring that readers can quickly locate and reference your graphical data.

Introduction

Here's where you introduce your research topic, articulate the research question or objective, and outline the significance of your study.

• Present the research topic : Clearly articulate the central theme or subject of your research.
• Background information : Ground your research topic, providing any necessary context or background information your readers might need to understand the significance of your study.
• Define the scope : Clearly delineate the boundaries of your research, indicating what will and won't be covered.
• Literature review : Introduce any relevant existing research on your topic, situating your work within the broader academic conversation and highlighting where your research fits in.
• State the research Question(s) or objective(s) : Clearly articulate the primary questions or objectives your research aims to address.
• Outline the study's structure : Give a brief overview of how the subsequent sections of your work will unfold, guiding your readers through the journey ahead.

The introduction should captivate your readers, making them eager to delve deeper into your research journey.

Literature review section

Your study correlates with existing research. Therefore, in the literature review section, you'll engage in a dialogue with existing knowledge, highlighting relevant studies, theories, and findings.

It's here that you identify gaps in the current knowledge, positioning your research as a bridge to new insights.

To streamline this process, consider leveraging AI tools. For example, the SciSpace literature review tool enables you to efficiently explore and delve into research papers, simplifying your literature review journey.

Methodology

In the research methodology section, you’ll detail the tools, techniques, and processes you employed to gather and analyze data. This section will inform the readers about how you approached your research questions and ensures the reproducibility of your study.

Here's a breakdown of what it should encompass:

• Research Design : Describe the overall structure and approach of your research. Are you conducting a qualitative study with in-depth interviews? Or is it a quantitative study using statistical analysis? Perhaps it's a mixed-methods approach?
• Data Collection : Detail the methods you used to gather data. This could include surveys, experiments, observations, interviews, archival research, etc. Mention where you sourced your data, the duration of data collection, and any tools or instruments used.
• Sampling : If applicable, explain how you selected participants or data sources for your study. Discuss the size of your sample and the rationale behind choosing it.
• Data Analysis : Describe the techniques and tools you used to process and analyze the data. This could range from statistical tests in quantitative research to thematic analysis in qualitative research.
• Validity and Reliability : Address the steps you took to ensure the validity and reliability of your findings to ensure that your results are both accurate and consistent.
• Ethical Considerations : Highlight any ethical issues related to your research and the measures you took to address them, including — informed consent, confidentiality, and data storage and protection measures.

Moreover, different research questions necessitate different types of methodologies. For instance:

• Experimental methodology : Often used in sciences, this involves a controlled experiment to discern causality.
• Qualitative methodology : Employed when exploring patterns or phenomena without numerical data. Methods can include interviews, focus groups, or content analysis.
• Quantitative methodology : Concerned with measurable data and often involves statistical analysis. Surveys and structured observations are common tools here.
• Mixed methods : As the name implies, this combines both qualitative and quantitative methodologies.

The Methodology section isn’t just about detailing the methods but also justifying why they were chosen. The appropriateness of the methods in addressing your research question can significantly impact the credibility of your findings.

Results (or Findings)

This section presents the outcomes of your research. It's crucial to note that the nature of your results may vary; they could be quantitative, qualitative, or a mix of both.

Quantitative results often present statistical data, showcasing measurable outcomes, and they benefit from tables, graphs, and figures to depict these data points.

Qualitative results , on the other hand, might delve into patterns, themes, or narratives derived from non-numerical data, such as interviews or observations.

Regardless of the nature of your results, clarity is essential. This section is purely about presenting the data without offering interpretations — that comes later in the discussion.

In the discussion section, the raw data transforms into valuable insights.

Start by revisiting your research question and contrast it with the findings. How do your results expand, constrict, or challenge current academic conversations?

Dive into the intricacies of the data, guiding the reader through its implications. Detail potential limitations transparently, signaling your awareness of the research's boundaries. This is where your academic voice should be resonant and confident.

Practical implications (Recommendation) section

Based on the insights derived from your research, this section provides actionable suggestions or proposed solutions.

Whether aimed at industry professionals or the general public, recommendations translate your academic findings into potential real-world actions. They help readers understand the practical implications of your work and how it can be applied to effect change or improvement in a given field.

When crafting recommendations, it's essential to ensure they're feasible and rooted in the evidence provided by your research. They shouldn't merely be aspirational but should offer a clear path forward, grounded in your findings.

The conclusion provides closure to your research narrative.

It's not merely a recap but a synthesis of your main findings and their broader implications. Reconnect with the research questions or hypotheses posited at the beginning, offering clear answers based on your findings.

Reflect on the broader contributions of your study, considering its impact on the academic community and potential real-world applications.

Lastly, the conclusion should leave your readers with a clear understanding of the value and impact of your study.

References (or Bibliography)

Every theory you've expounded upon, every data point you've cited, and every methodological precedent you've followed finds its acknowledgment here.

In references, it's crucial to ensure meticulous consistency in formatting, mirroring the specific guidelines of the chosen citation style .

Proper referencing helps to avoid plagiarism , gives credit to original ideas, and allows readers to explore topics of interest. Moreover, it situates your work within the continuum of academic knowledge.

To properly cite the sources used in the study, you can rely on online citation generator tools  to generate accurate citations!

Here’s more on how you can cite your sources.

Often, the depth of research produces a wealth of material that, while crucial, can make the core content of the thesis cumbersome. The appendix is where you mention extra information that supports your research but isn't central to the main text.

Whether it's raw datasets, detailed procedural methodologies, extended case studies, or any other ancillary material, the appendices ensure that these elements are archived for reference without breaking the main narrative's flow.

For thorough researchers and readers keen on meticulous details, the appendices provide a treasure trove of insights.

Glossary (optional)

In academics, specialized terminologies, and jargon are inevitable. However, not every reader is versed in every term.

The glossary, while optional, is a critical tool for accessibility. It's a bridge ensuring that even readers from outside the discipline can access, understand, and appreciate your work.

By defining complex terms and providing context, you're inviting a wider audience to engage with your research, enhancing its reach and impact.

Remember, while these components provide a structured framework, the essence of your thesis lies in the originality of your ideas, the rigor of your research, and the clarity of your presentation.

As you craft each section, keep your readers in mind, ensuring that your passion and dedication shine through every page.

Thesis examples

To further elucidate the concept of a thesis, here are illustrative examples from various fields:

Example 1 (History): Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the ‘Noble Savage’ on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807 by Suchait Kahlon.

Example 2 (Climate Dynamics): Influence of external forcings on abrupt millennial-scale climate changes: a statistical modelling study by Takahito Mitsui · Michel Crucifix

Checklist for your thesis evaluation

Evaluating your thesis ensures that your research meets the standards of academia. Here's an elaborate checklist to guide you through this critical process.

Content and structure

• Is the thesis statement clear, concise, and debatable?
• Does the introduction provide sufficient background and context?
• Is the literature review comprehensive, relevant, and well-organized?
• Does the methodology section clearly describe and justify the research methods?
• Are the results/findings presented clearly and logically?
• Does the discussion interpret the results in light of the research question and existing literature?
• Is the conclusion summarizing the research and suggesting future directions or implications?

Clarity and coherence

• Is the writing clear and free of jargon?
• Are ideas and sections logically connected and flowing?
• Is there a clear narrative or argument throughout the thesis?

Research quality

• Is the research question significant and relevant?
• Are the research methods appropriate for the question?
• Is the sample size (if applicable) adequate?
• Are the data analysis techniques appropriate and correctly applied?
• Are potential biases or limitations addressed?

Originality and significance

• Does the thesis contribute new knowledge or insights to the field?
• Is the research grounded in existing literature while offering fresh perspectives?

Formatting and presentation

• Is the thesis formatted according to institutional guidelines?
• Are figures, tables, and charts clear, labeled, and referenced in the text?
• Is the bibliography or reference list complete and consistently formatted?
• Are appendices relevant and appropriately referenced in the main text?

Grammar and language

• Is the thesis free of grammatical and spelling errors?
• Is the language professional, consistent, and appropriate for an academic audience?
• Are quotations and paraphrased material correctly cited?

Feedback and revision

• Have you sought feedback from peers, advisors, or experts in the field?
• Have you addressed the feedback and made the necessary revisions?

Overall assessment

• Does the thesis as a whole feel cohesive and comprehensive?
• Would the thesis be understandable and valuable to someone in your field?

Ensure to use this checklist to leave no ground for doubt or missed information in your thesis.

After writing your thesis, the next step is to discuss and defend your findings verbally in front of a knowledgeable panel. You’ve to be well prepared as your professors may grade your presentation abilities.

Preparing your thesis defense

A thesis defense, also known as "defending the thesis," is the culmination of a scholar's research journey. It's the final frontier, where you’ll present their findings and face scrutiny from a panel of experts.

Typically, the defense involves a public presentation where you’ll have to outline your study, followed by a question-and-answer session with a committee of experts. This committee assesses the validity, originality, and significance of the research.

The defense serves as a rite of passage for scholars. It's an opportunity to showcase expertise, address criticisms, and refine arguments. A successful defense not only validates the research but also establishes your authority as a researcher in your field.

Here’s how you can effectively prepare for your thesis defense .

Now, having touched upon the process of defending a thesis, it's worth noting that scholarly work can take various forms, depending on academic and regional practices.

One such form, often paralleled with the thesis, is the 'dissertation.' But what differentiates the two?

Dissertation vs. Thesis

Often used interchangeably in casual discourse, they refer to distinct research projects undertaken at different levels of higher education.

To the uninitiated, understanding their meaning might be elusive. So, let's demystify these terms and delve into their core differences.

Here's a table differentiating between the two.

Wrapping up

From understanding the foundational concept of a thesis to navigating its various components, differentiating it from a dissertation, and recognizing the importance of proper citation — this guide covers it all.

As scholars and readers, understanding these nuances not only aids in academic pursuits but also fosters a deeper appreciation for the relentless quest for knowledge that drives academia.

It’s important to remember that every thesis is a testament to curiosity, dedication, and the indomitable spirit of discovery.

Good luck with your thesis writing!

Frequently Asked Questions

A thesis typically ranges between 40-80 pages, but its length can vary based on the research topic, institution guidelines, and level of study.

A PhD thesis usually spans 200-300 pages, though this can vary based on the discipline, complexity of the research, and institutional requirements.

To identify a thesis topic, consider current trends in your field, gaps in existing literature, personal interests, and discussions with advisors or mentors. Additionally, reviewing related journals and conference proceedings can provide insights into potential areas of exploration.

The conceptual framework is often situated in the literature review or theoretical framework section of a thesis. It helps set the stage by providing the context, defining key concepts, and explaining the relationships between variables.

A thesis statement should be concise, clear, and specific. It should state the main argument or point of your research. Start by pinpointing the central question or issue your research addresses, then condense that into a single statement, ensuring it reflects the essence of your paper.

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Embarking on Your Thesis Journey: Where to Begin?

Welcome to the exciting journey of crafting your college thesis. As you embark on this academic endeavor, navigating the intricate landscape of thesis writing services is both a challenge and an opportunity for growth. In this guide, we'll delve into the essential steps and strategies to help you navigate the complexities of thesis writing, empowering you to embark on your academic journey with confidence and clarity. Whether you're a novice researcher or a seasoned scholar, mastering the art of thesis writing is a crucial milestone in your academic career. Let's embark on this journey together, as we unlock the secrets to crafting a compelling and impactful college thesis.

Key Takeaways

• Selecting a resonant and academically aligned thesis topic is the first critical step in your research journey.
• A coherent thesis structure and clear statement provide a strong foundation for your research.
• Effective utilization of academic resources and methodological tools is crucial for gathering and analyzing data.
• Consistent writing habits and incorporating feedback are essential for refining your thesis.
• Engaging with the academic community through presentations and publications can enhance the impact of your work.

Laying the Groundwork: Selecting a Thesis Topic

Assessing personal interests and academic requirements.

Embarking on your thesis journey begins with a pivotal decision: selecting a topic that not only aligns with your academic goals but also ignites your personal interests. It is essential to choose a subject that resonates with you, as this will sustain your motivation and commitment throughout the research process. Assessing your personal interests in conjunction with the academic requirements of your program forms the foundation of a successful thesis.

Conducting a preliminary literature review is a critical step in this phase. It allows you to immerse yourself in the current discourse, identify gaps in the research, and discover opportunities for original contribution. This exploration not only informs your topic selection but also lays the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

To ensure you are on the right track, consider the following steps:

• Reflect on your academic passions and career aspirations
• Examine the requirements and expectations of your program
• Engage with existing literature to discern areas ripe for research
• Seek feedback from advisors and peers to refine your topic choice

Remember, a well-chosen topic is a cornerstone of your thesis journey . It will guide your research questions, influence your methodology, and ultimately shape your academic contribution.

Exploring the Literature: Identifying Gaps and Opportunities

As you delve into the scholarly works surrounding your chosen topic, you will begin to notice patterns and themes that have been extensively covered, as well as those that have not. Identifying these gaps is crucial , as they represent the areas where you can make a novel contribution to your field. To systematically approach this task, consider the following steps:

• Review the most cited works to understand foundational theories and findings.
• Examine recent publications to grasp the current trends and advancements.
• Look for recurring limitations or calls for further research mentioned in studies.

By mapping out the landscape of existing literature, you not only familiarize yourself with the methodologies and theoretical frameworks prevalent in your field but also pinpoint where your research can add value. Remember, a well-identified gap not only guides your research direction but also strengthens the justification for your study. Once you have a list of potential gaps, seek feedback from your advisor or peers to refine your focus and ensure that your proposed research is both original and feasible.

Finalizing Your Topic: Seeking Feedback and Approval

Once you have honed in on a thesis topic that aligns with your interests and fills an academic gap, it's time to seek feedback and approval. This critical step involves presenting your proposed topic to your advisor and possibly a thesis committee. Be prepared to defend your topic and explain how it contributes to the field. Here are some steps to guide you through this phase:

• Present a clear and concise rationale for your topic.
• Demonstrate the relevance and feasibility of your research.
• Be open to suggestions and ready to refine your topic based on input.

Remember, the feedback you receive is invaluable in shaping a robust thesis. It's not just about gaining approval; it's about enriching your research and ensuring its success. Embrace this collaborative process as an opportunity to strengthen your work and clarify your goals. With a well-received topic, you're ready to embark on the next stage of your thesis journey.

Developing a Thesis Blueprint: Structuring Your Research

Crafting an effective thesis statement.

Your thesis statement is the compass of your research, guiding every argument and claim you make. It should be clear, concise, and reflect the essence of your study. Begin with a question or a problem that your research aims to address, and then distill your answer or solution into a single sentence that encapsulates your thesis's main idea.

To craft an effective thesis statement, consider the following steps:

• Identify the core concept or issue at the heart of your research.
• Formulate a preliminary thesis statement and refine it as your understanding deepens.
• Ensure that your thesis statement is arguable, not merely stating a fact.
• Test the clarity of your thesis statement by explaining it to someone outside your field.

Remember, a strong thesis statement not only provides direction for your research but also signals to your readers the significance and scope of your work. As you embark on this academic journey , let your thesis statement be the guiding light that leads to a coherent and impactful study.

Organizing Chapters and Sections for Coherent Flow

As you embark on the meticulous task of structuring your thesis, it's essential to consider the narrative arc and how each chapter contributes to a persuasive argument. Begin by outlining the key sections , such as the Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. This ensures a logical progression of ideas, facilitating a coherent flow that guides the reader through your research journey.

In the process of organizing your chapters, maintain a critical eye on the logical flow of your arguments. Each section should seamlessly integrate into the overall research question or hypothesis. A well-organized thesis not only presents evidence in a robust manner but also enhances the persuasiveness of your work. To aid in this endeavor, consider the following structure:

• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Methodology

Remember to engage in thorough revision, refining your prose to elevate the quality of your thesis. Establishing a realistic timeline for each stage of writing is crucial for maintaining momentum and meeting deadlines. By breaking down the process into manageable tasks and setting specific goals, you can navigate your thesis with precision and ease.

Incorporating Methodological Frameworks and Theoretical Models

As you delve into the heart of your thesis, the incorporation of methodological frameworks and theoretical models becomes paramount. Selecting the appropriate methodology is not merely a procedural step; it is a critical decision that shapes the trajectory of your research. Begin by considering the nature of your research question and the type of data you will collect. Will you adopt a qualitative approach, focusing on depth and detail, or will a quantitative approach, emphasizing numerical analysis, serve your purpose better?

The theoretical models you choose to guide your analysis are equally significant. These models provide the lens through which you will interpret your findings, offering a structured way to understand and explain the phenomena you are studying. It is essential to align your theoretical framework with your research objectives to ensure coherence throughout your thesis.

To assist you in this process, consider the following steps:

• Identify the key concepts and variables in your study.
• Review relevant literature to understand the established methodologies and theories.
• Evaluate the strengths and limitations of different approaches.
• Select a framework that complements your research question and objectives.
• Justify your choice of methodology and theoretical model in your thesis.

Remember, your methodology and theoretical framework are not just academic formalities; they are the tools that will enable you to navigate your research journey effectively. For additional guidance, explore study guides and resources that can provide clarity and direction. With careful planning and consideration, you can lay a solid foundation for a compelling and rigorous thesis.

Navigating Academic Resources: Gathering and Analyzing Data

Utilizing libraries and online databases.

As you embark on the critical phase of data gathering, utilizing libraries and online databases is indispensable. These repositories are treasure troves of scholarly articles, books, and various research materials that can significantly bolster your thesis. Begin by exploring your university's library, which likely offers access to numerous academic databases. Here, you can find specialized search tools designed to streamline the process of locating relevant literature.

In addition to physical libraries, online databases such as JSTOR, PubMed, and Google Scholar provide expansive access to scholarly works. To maximize efficiency, familiarize yourself with the advanced search options available on these platforms. These features allow you to filter results by publication date, subject area, and even citation count, ensuring that you retrieve the most pertinent information for your research.

Remember, the goal is to gather a comprehensive body of work that supports your thesis. To aid in this process, consider the following steps:

• Identify the key databases relevant to your field of study.
• Use keywords and Boolean operators to refine your search.
• Review the abstracts to quickly assess the relevance of each source.
• Access full-text articles through your institution or request them via interlibrary loan if necessary.

By methodically searching and selecting high-quality sources, you lay a solid foundation for your thesis. Moreover, many websites offer tools for thesis writing , including worksheets and templates, which can further enhance your efficiency in article searching. Always seek assistance for your master thesis writing to enhance success and avoid academic dishonesty. The time to write varies, typically ranging from 3 to 6 months, so obtaining data from various sources early on is crucial. Identify your needs and research resources to ensure a smooth journey.

Evaluating Sources for Credibility and Relevance

As you delve into the vast ocean of academic literature, it's crucial to anchor your research with credible and relevant sources. Begin by scrutinizing the author's credentials and the publication's reputation to ensure that you're drawing from authoritative voices in your field. Look for peer-reviewed journals and books published by respected academic presses as a starting point.

Next, assess the timeliness of the information. In rapidly evolving fields, even a few years can render research outdated. Prioritize recent studies while also acknowledging foundational work that has shaped your discipline. Additionally, consider the relevance of the source to your specific thesis question. Does it directly contribute to your argument or provide necessary background?

To aid in this process, many students turn to online tools and resources. For instance, a website offers tools for thesis writing, research planning, and academic projects. Features include worksheets, templates, and resources for students and professors, which can streamline the evaluation process. Here's a quick checklist to guide you:

• Author's academic standing and publication track record
• Publisher's credibility and specialization
• Date of publication and current relevance
• Direct applicability to your thesis topic
• Presence of peer review or editorial oversight

By meticulously vetting your sources, you lay a solid foundation for a robust and persuasive thesis.

Employing Statistical Tools for Data Analysis

In the realm of thesis research, the use of statistical tools is indispensable for analyzing your data and drawing meaningful conclusions. Selecting the right statistical tools is critical; they should align with your research objectives and the nature of your data. Begin with descriptive statistics to summarize the data, then progress to inferential statistics to make generalizations about your population.

When you're ready to dive deeper, consider employing advanced statistical models. These can range from regression analysis to multivariate techniques, depending on the complexity of your research questions. Remember, the goal is to tell a compelling statistical story that supports your thesis. To ensure accuracy, it's advisable to consult with a statistician or use reputable statistical software .

Here's a simple list to guide you through the process:

• Identify the type of data you have (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).
• Choose appropriate descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, etc.).
• Determine the right inferential statistics (t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square, etc.).
• Consider advanced statistical methods if necessary (regression, factor analysis).
• Validate your findings with statistical significance tests (p-values, confidence intervals).

By meticulously analyzing your data with the right tools, you will add robustness to your research findings, enhancing the credibility of your thesis. Moreover, a well-executed data analysis can provide insights that might lead to further research opportunities or practical applications.

Writing and Refining: From Draft to Submission

Developing a consistent writing schedule.

Embarking on your thesis journey requires not only intellectual rigor but also a disciplined approach to time management. Establishing a consistent writing schedule is pivotal to your success. Begin by assessing the time you have available each week and allocate dedicated slots for thesis work. It's essential to prioritize your thesis writing over less critical activities to ensure steady progress.

To manage time effectively and overcome procrastination, create a timeline with specific goals for each stage of your thesis. Break down larger tasks into smaller, more manageable pieces, and set milestones to track your progress. Here's a simple list to help you stay organized and focused:

• Determine your most productive hours and block them for writing.
• Set daily or weekly writing goals to maintain momentum.
• Use a calendar or planner to visualize your thesis timeline.
• Regularly review and adjust your schedule as needed.

Remember, the key to successful thesis writing is not just the accumulation of hours spent, but the quality of the time invested. Minimize distractions by organizing your workspace and creating an inspiring atmosphere. Establish evening routines to prepare for the next day's tasks. By adhering to a structured writing plan, you'll navigate the thesis process with greater ease and efficiency.

Incorporating Feedback from Advisors and Peers

As you progress through your thesis, incorporating feedback from your advisors and peers becomes a pivotal step in enhancing the quality of your work. This collaborative process not only brings fresh perspectives but also helps in identifying areas that require further development or clarification. To effectively integrate this feedback, consider the following steps:

• Compile all the feedback you receive and categorize it based on relevance and priority.
• Schedule a meeting with your advisor to discuss the feedback in detail, ensuring you understand the rationale behind each suggestion.
• Revise your thesis accordingly, focusing on the most critical areas first, and then address the less significant comments.

Remember, feedback is a gift that can significantly improve the substance of your thesis. Embrace it with an open mind and a willingness to refine your work. Additionally, tools and resources are available to support you in this process. Websites offer tools for thesis writing, including worksheets and templates that focus on qualitative research , time management , statistical storytelling, and thesis proposal crafting. Utilize these tools to structure your revisions and maintain a coherent narrative throughout your thesis.

Editing and Proofreading for Academic Rigor

The final stretch of your thesis journey involves a meticulous process of editing and proofreading to ensure academic rigor. Begin with a comprehensive review, scrutinizing grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting. Your dedication to a polished thesis reflects your commitment to academic excellence.

Incorporate feedback from advisors and peers, as their insights can significantly enhance the quality of your work. Be receptive to constructive criticism and use it to refine your arguments and improve coherence. Remember, the goal is to present a thesis that is not only factually accurate but also compelling in its presentation.

To aid in this process, consider the following checklist:

• Verify all citations and references are correctly formatted.
• Check for consistency in terminology and style .
• Ensure that each chapter transitions smoothly to the next.
• Eliminate any redundant or irrelevant sections.

By adhering to these steps, you can elevate your thesis to meet the highest standards of scholarly work. The Thesis Action Plan offers step-by-step guidance for a stress-free thesis journey, reducing anxiety, building confidence, and maximizing time efficiency with expert insights and lifelong skills.

Embracing the Academic Community: Presenting and Publishing

Preparing for thesis defense and viva voce.

As you approach the final hurdle of your thesis journey, the defense and viva voce, it's crucial to prepare meticulously for the presentation of your research. Begin by rehearsing your key points, ensuring that you can convey your findings with clarity and confidence. Anticipate potential questions from your committee and practice responding with poise.

Familiarize yourself with the format and expectations of the defense. It may help to attend other defenses to understand the dynamics and types of questions asked. Additionally, consider the following steps to bolster your readiness:

• Review your thesis thoroughly, focusing on areas that might invite scrutiny.
• Seek feedback from advisors and peers to refine your arguments.
• Prepare a clear and concise opening statement that summarizes your research.

Remember, setting boundaries and practicing self-discipline are essential for balancing social life and academic success during this time. Time management, breaks, and networking enhance the overall academic journey, leading to a successful defense and the completion of your thesis.

Exploring Opportunities for Academic Conferences

Once you have honed your thesis and gathered substantial findings, presenting at academic conferences becomes a pivotal step in your scholarly journey. Conferences offer a platform to share your research , receive constructive feedback, and engage with peers and experts in your field. To maximize the benefits of conference participation, consider the following steps:

• Identify relevant conferences in your field of study. Look for events that align with your research interests and offer networking opportunities.
• Prepare an abstract or proposal that succinctly summarizes your thesis and its contributions to the field.
• Practice your presentation skills, focusing on clarity, conciseness, and the ability to engage your audience.

Remember, attending conferences is not just about presenting; it's also an invaluable opportunity for professional development . You can gain insights into the latest research trends, methodologies, and theoretical frameworks relevant to your discipline. Moreover, conferences can serve as a catalyst for future collaborations and projects.

As you prepare for these events, be sure to utilize university counseling services, peer support groups, online forums, and self-help resources to manage thesis stress effectively. Tools like the Thesis Action Plan and insightful blog posts can offer guidance and support throughout this process.

Considering Publication in Scholarly Journals

Upon the completion of your thesis, you may consider the prestigious step of publishing your work in scholarly journals. This not only contributes to the academic discourse but also positions you as a credible researcher in your field. Begin by identifying journals that align with your research topic and scope. Check their publication criteria and assess the compatibility of your thesis with the journal's focus and audience.

Prepare your manuscript according to the journal's guidelines, which may include formatting, length, and referencing style. It's crucial to tailor your thesis abstract and introduction to capture the essence of your research compellingly. Here's a checklist to guide you through the process:

• Ensure your thesis presents original research or a novel perspective.
• Revise your work for academic rigor and coherence.
• Select appropriate journals for submission.
• Follow the journal's submission guidelines meticulously.
• Be prepared for peer review and possible revisions.

Remember, publication is a competitive process that may require patience and persistence. Receiving feedback from peers and mentors can be invaluable in strengthening your submission. Embrace the challenge, as publishing can be a rewarding milestone that amplifies the impact of your research, encouraging further research and exploration .

As scholars, we thrive on sharing our research and insights with peers. 'Embracing the Academic Community: Presenting and Publishing' is not just about disseminating knowledge, it's about engaging in a dialogue that enriches our collective understanding. To take your academic journey to the next level, visit our website for invaluable resources and guidance on how to effectively present your work and navigate the publishing landscape. Join our community of dedicated academics today!

In conclusion, embarking on your thesis journey is a transformative experience that requires careful planning, dedication, and a strategic approach. This guide has aimed to illuminate the path ahead, providing you with the foundational knowledge and practical steps to begin your thesis with confidence. From selecting a resonant topic to mapping out your research and organizing your findings, each phase of the journey is integral to crafting a thesis that reflects your intellectual rigor and scholarly commitment. As you move forward, remember that the journey itself is as significant as the destination. Embrace the challenges, celebrate the milestones, and let your curiosity and passion for knowledge guide you to academic success.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do i choose a thesis topic that aligns with my interests.

Begin by assessing your personal interests, academic strengths, and career goals. Consult with your advisor, explore existing literature to identify research gaps, and consider the relevance and feasibility of potential topics.

What are the key components of a strong thesis statement?

A strong thesis statement should clearly articulate the main argument or claim of your research, be specific and focused, and preview the structure of your thesis by outlining the main points you will address.

How can I ensure a coherent flow in my thesis structure?

Organize your thesis into clear chapters and sections that logically progress from the introduction, literature review, methodology, to the results and discussion. Use headings and subheadings to guide the reader through your argument.

What strategies can I use to effectively gather and analyze data?

Utilize academic libraries, online databases, and credible sources. Employ appropriate statistical tools and software for data analysis, and critically evaluate your sources for relevance and reliability.

How can I maintain a consistent writing schedule for my thesis?

Set realistic goals, create a timeline with milestones, and dedicate regular, uninterrupted time slots for writing. Stay motivated by tracking your progress and adjusting your schedule as needed.

What should I expect during my thesis defense and how can I prepare?

During your thesis defense, expect to present your research findings and answer questions from a panel of examiners. Prepare by rehearsing your presentation, anticipating potential questions, and being ready to discuss your research in depth.

How to Write a Thesis Fast: Tips and Strategies for Success

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My Master’s Thesis Journey: How to Finish a Research Paper in Four Months (1 Term)

By vivomigsgee in Event Features June 11, 2021

The moment I got the thesis hardbound in my hands, I thought “Oh boy, I am so done with my master’s thesis!” Yes, the seemingly daunting and never-ending research journey is finally over. That means no more sleepless nights… Independence Day is just around the corner, what better way to celebrate it than concluding that it’s a great day to BOOK my way to FREEdom (Abas, 2021).

Looking back 2 years ago, I initially wanted to enroll in a non-thesis program but it’s no longer offered. I was left with no choice. Fast forward today, I personally think I made the right decision. In just four grueling months, I managed to endure both proposal hearing and oral defense – all in one research-packed semester – making me the first and only MSA-IA candidate in USC to defy the odds. So, if you are planning to take a master’s study or currently undertaking a master’s thesis this semester, then this article is for you.

Thesis writing involves two major stages – proposal hearing and oral defense. These stages are normally taken in two separate semesters or terms with the exception of my chosen graduate program’s curriculum (I’m one of the few students under the pioneering batch and holds the title of the sole graduate of said program in USC who successfully completed a thesis in a super tight timeline ~ 1 term). 

PROPOSAL HEARING

Despite being busy at work and blog activities, I managed to come up with a thesis proposal at a short time as I have a “research-o-clock” in place. It means you really need to allocate time working on your thesis as it is really a demanding task ~ especially researching related articles online and visiting libraries and reading books. If you’re working from 9 to 5, then you may set your body clock to start writing from 8pm onwards on a daily basis. You have to sacrifice your weekend and prioritize your thesis.

Another thing, don’t hesitate to ask help from your thesis adviser. I wouldn’t have done my reasearch proposal if it weren’t for my thesis adviser’s guidance from Chapter 1 to 3. You really need to meet periodically with your thesis adviser, whether physical or virtual, to prepare you for the proposal hearing. In fact, there is a thesis advising monitoring sheet wherein your adviser will review, sign and submit to the Graduate Program Office (GPO).

By the third week of March, I applied for a proposal hearing (with endorsement from my thesis adviser) and was accepted by the research committee. And so, the day has come and my first ever thesis hearing proposal, albeit done virtually, was a success. I can really say it was all worth it. I’ve never imagined ending a very hectic month with a bang! Tired but glad to know that I’m moving forward on to the next chapter!

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How to Create a Research Timeline for Your Thesis

• 5-minute read
• 21st May 2023

Beginning a dissertation can feel both thrilling and overwhelming. One of the best things you can do to prepare for the exciting journey of doing a dissertation is to design a comprehensive timeline as your guide. Here we will take you step by step through creating your thesis timeline and provide some example templates, so you’ll be well-prepared to begin your dissertation work.

Reasons for Creating a Timeline

There are many benefits to crafting a detailed dissertation timeline. In addition to helping with time management and meeting crucial deadlines, your timeline will also help you stay motivated by reviewing the tasks you have completed as you progress. A thorough timeline will be valuable during your dissertation proposal and useful if you are applying for grants or other additional funding.

Ste0ps for Creating a Timeline for Your Thesis:

• Research and record all requirements and deadlines.

Before you write out your timeline, ensure you know all of your program’s requirements and deadlines. Academic institutions often require you to complete your dissertation within a specified timeframe.

There are likely several recommended or mandatory deadlines for approval of certain items by your adviser (and possibly the rest of your committee members). Gather all these dates beforehand so you can allot an appropriate amount of time to meet your deadlines.

It will be beneficial to meet with your adviser to understand when you are expected to complete the major phases of your dissertation work and to confirm that there aren’t any other requirements or deadlines that you may not be aware of.

• List all of your tasks and bundle them into phases.

Now that you’ve assembled your dates, working backward from your deadlines is a good rule of thumb. List all of the required tasks that must be completed to meet each milestone, from coming up with your research questions to writing each chapter of your dissertation .

Even though your list will be unique to your research project, it can help to refer to a thesis checklist . It’s also helpful to assemble tasks into different phases (e.g., dissertation proposal, research recruitment). Grouping tasks into phases gives anyone looking at your timeline a quick overview of your research plan.

• Organize your tasks into a schedule and assign task deadlines.

Now it’s time to build your timeline. There are many different free templates available online, from straightforward lists of deliverables to colorful options with room for notes and customization.

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A popular organizational approach for thesis timelines is a Gantt chart , which is a type of bar chart often used in project management in which the length of the bar corresponds to the time the task will take. The best choice for you will depend on the specifics of your research study and personal preferences. Whichever option you select, make sure you can easily edit and revise it as need be.

Sanity-Saving Tips:

●  Pay attention to your work style. Some people are more productive when writing in short bursts, while others write better after taking time to get into the zone. Some people choose to start writing parts of their thesis while still conducting research, while others prefer to focus on one phase at a time. Set yourself up for success by reflecting on what type of schedule will help you create the best quality work.

●  Schedule breaks. Almost everyone will work better after a well-deserved break. Make sure to schedule regular breaks into your timeline, as well as provide enough time to sleep, eat well, and do anything else you need to do to safeguard your well-being. 

●  Always have a plan B. Your dissertation is an extensive endeavor with many moving parts. It’s impossible to anticipate and plan for every conceivable event, but it’s helpful to expect something may occur that will cause a deviation from your original timeline. Perhaps study recruitment takes longer than you expected, or one of your committee members gets sick and you have to postpone your dissertation proposal. After you draft your timeline, check that it is not so strict that any disruption will cause a total derailment of your plan. Aim to strike a balance between goals that will inspire you to progress steadfastly and have some leeway in your timeline for the inevitable curveball that life will throw at you somewhere along the way.

Following these three steps will help you draft a timeline to steer the course of your dissertation work: research and record all requirements and deadlines; work backward from your dissertation deadline and assemble your task lists; and organize your tasks into a timeline.

Don’t forget to include ample time for editing and proofreading your dissertation . And if you are interested in any help from us, you can try a sample of our services for free . Best of luck in writing your dissertation!

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How to navigate the PhD thesis

The PhD thesis may be a mountain to climb, but you can take it one step at a time. Luis R Rojas-Solórzano offers his guidance

Luis R. Rojas-Solórzano

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Embarking on the journey of writing a PhD thesis is both daunting and exciting. In this pocket-size guide, I’ve distilled my decades of experience in higher education into practical advice to help you navigate this challenging terrain and emerge with a completed work you’re proud of. 

Creating a detailed timeline with daily goals

Time management is crucial to thesis writing, yet it’s often underestimated. Many students feel overwhelmed by the volume of work involved but creating a comprehensive timeline allows you to break down the project into convenient tasks, track your progress and adjust your timetable as needed. Setting daily goals provides structure to your workday, helping you stay focused and productive.

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Writing a PhD thesis is a marathon, not a sprint. It’s natural to experience moments of doubt and frustration along the way. When you do, taking care of yourself and finding ways to stay motivated is essential. Take short breaks to rest, recharge and celebrate small victories. Remember that every thesis is unique and progress is not always linear. Instead of comparing yourself to your peers, focus on your journey and the valuable contributions you’ve made to your field.

Understanding the PhD thesis

The requirements for a PhD thesis vary significantly depending on your institution and field of study. It is crucial to familiarise yourself with your university’s guidelines and requirements early in the process.

Writing the thesis

Writing a PhD thesis is not simply an academic exercise – it’s a journey of self-discovery and intellectual growth. Here are my recommendations for writing with confidence: 

• Create a draft outline to guide your writing process. Use digital tools such as MS Office and Grammarly to streamline editing and save time.
• Start early to build momentum and confidence. Embrace your unique voice and opt for an active writing style. Let your ideas flow freely initially, refining them over time with rigorous edits.
• Remember to write in a voice that is authentic to you. Modern academia values the personal perspective, so don’t hesitate to express your thoughts and insights in the first person.
• As you approach the final stages of your thesis, you must organically merge all the relevant findings that support the novelty of your thesis into the final document. Typically, the wrap-up happens three months before the expected submission of your book, leaving time for your supervisor’s thorough revision.
• Wrap up with careful planning and disciplined execution. Start by updating the original outline to adopt the final structure of your thesis that progressively unfolds and tells the story of your investigation. The updated outline will serve as a roadmap for your final sprint, helping to shape your concluding research story.

Structuring your thesis

Craft your thesis like a compelling story, following the scientific method’s structure: abstract, introduction, literature review, methods, results and discussion, and conclusion. 

The abstract is typically a paragraph with no more than 400 words, portraying a concise summary that addresses your thesis’ subject, relevance, research questions, methodology and main findings. Generally, the abstract is continuously updated until the book is complete.

In the introduction, provide context for your research by outlining the problem you’re addressing and its significance. The literature review should demonstrate your understanding of existing research and highlight the gaps your study seeks to fill. Then, describe the methodology in the subsequent section and continue with your results and their thorough analysis. Finally, conclude with a summary of your main findings and their implications for your field of study. 

Managing referencing and bibliography

Proper referencing is critical to academic writing, ensuring your work is credible and properly attributed. Take the time to familiarise yourself with your chosen citation style, whether it’s APA, MLA, Chicago or another format, and double-check all information for accuracy and consistency.

Preparing for the viva voce

The viva voce, or oral defence, is the final hurdle in the PhD journey. It’s an opportunity to defend your research and demonstrate your expertise in your field. To prepare, consider conducting mock vivas with your peers or supervisors to simulate the experience and receive feedback on your performance. Stay calm and composed during the examination, taking time to think before responding to questions. Remember, the viva voce is not just a test of your knowledge – it’s also an opportunity to engage in scholarly discourse and demonstrate your ability to think critically about your research.

You’ve completed your thesis – now what?

Finishing a PhD thesis is a significant milestone and celebrating your accomplishment is essential. Take a well-deserved break before embarking on the next phase of your career. Reflect on your goals and aspirations, considering how your research can contribute to your field and shape your future career path. Whether you’re pursuing academic opportunities or exploring options in industry, use this time to prepare for the next chapter of your journey.

The writing of a PhD thesis is a transformative journey, requiring strategic planning, perseverance and a positive mindset. By applying these insights and tactics, you can confidently navigate this journey and contribute meaningfully to your field of study.

Luis R. Rojas- Solórzano is associate provost for graduate studies at Nazarbayev University.

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How Should I Record My Research Journey?

• First Online: 28 June 2019

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This chapter reinforces the valuable social and behavioural research practice of maintaining a journal (or diary or notebook) that records your entire research journey, typically over a period of several years. You should use your research journal to record any and all aspects of your research journey, from its commencement to completion. It will form an invaluable memory aid when it comes to contextualising aspects of your journey as well as for producing specific research outcomes. It will provide a vehicle for tracing your evolving critical thinking and reflections. A well-maintained research journal can provide you with a rich and unique source of textual and visual data that are analysable, thereby serving as a qualitative data source in its own right.

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Cooksey, R., McDonald, G. (2019). How Should I Record My Research Journey?. In: Surviving and Thriving in Postgraduate Research. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7747-1_3

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Writing an honors thesis: an empowering yet terrifying journey

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Throughout this past year, as my social life slowly gave way to exhausting hours of laboratory work and even longer nights of thesis writing, the predominant question I was asked by my friends, peers and even myself was, “why?”

Why did I sacrifice my senior year, supposedly the most memory-impacted year of one’s entire college journey, to spend long hours in isolation, laboring over a piece of work that frequently drove me to the edge of sanity?

Shaelyn Silverman

Well, I have had ample time to contemplate this question, and can genuinely concede that despite the chronic stress, sleepless nights and extensive social sacrifices I have had to make, I would do it all over again in a heartbeat.  

An undergraduate honors thesis is an unparalleled journey. It is incredibly empowering yet equally terrifying. For many of us, it represents the first time we are truly in control of our research.

From the beginning, our choice of the project focus establishes a sense of ownership such that our research interests alone are centralized. Designing the methods is a nontrivial process that requires extensive planning and a solid comprehension of both the project aim and the literature of the field.

The execution of the experiments is rarely a smooth process, and through all the obstacles we encounter, we must learn how to problem-solve and adapt until we can form some answer about the question we originally sought to investigate.

However, to me, this journey was so much more than conducting a set of scientific experiments. The painstakingly endless hours of research and experimental reconstruction that would frequently result in yet another set of inconclusive data instilled in me extreme patience, perseverance and emotional strength in a unique manner, unattainable to the same degree elsewhere.

My thesis taught me how to think like a scientist and rapidly problem-solve in situations outside of the laboratory. My proclaimed passion for astrobiology was certainly tested, yet I found that no matter how dismal my research progress appeared, my excitement for the field did not waver.

The journey of a thesis can thus be beneficial for solidifying or otherwise deconstructing your career interests, and serves as an obligatory checkpoint, in my opinion, to verify that you actually enjoy research before continuing on to higher education.

My thesis taught me how to think like a scientist and rapidly problem-solve in situations outside of the laboratory. My proclaimed passion for astrobiology was certainly tested, yet I found that no matter how dismal my research progress appeared, my excitement for the field did not waver."

Beginning a thesis can be overwhelming, for it initiates the bridging between our passive learning gained from school and the active learning gained from critically thinking through the trials and tribulations of research. Indeed, our years of coursework do not come close to preparing us for this undertaking.

Though a thesis is not entirely independent of school, it is so much more than a research paper assigned for a class. A thesis requires extensive physical and mental dedication, as well as collaboration with an advisor, defense committee members, relevant laboratories and other scientists in a professional manner to which collegiate students are often not accustomed.

One of the most important (but often the most fatal) aspects of initiating a thesis is choosing the right thesis advisor. Students often seek out the most esteemed faculty member of their department in hopes that an affiliation with his or her name will bolster their research credibility and lead to an advanced, successful project.

However, what many fail to realize is that a good scientist and a good mentor are not synonymous. It is instead far more important to choose an advisor who will be invested in your research and willing to carve out substantial time for assisting with every step of the thesis journey (from writing the grant proposal to setting up the experiments; from analyzing the data to revising the thesis), as many of us require this much support given that this is our first real research experience.

My particular thesis advisor was a new assistant professor who had not yet built up his profile at CU Boulder, but who was extremely knowledgeable and excited about my research topic. He played an instrumental role in helping advance my research every time I was stuck, and he remained patient throughout my naïve questions, taking it upon himself to ensure that I understood the underlying mechanisms of my research setup and results so that my general research skills would develop.

Indeed, my thesis would not have been completed with such success if it were not for his dedication to my project. Though we did not know each other before my thesis, we developed a wonderful student-mentor relationship that will undoubtedly extend beyond my undergraduate years.   

The thesis process is unique to each individual, and is even different for students within the same discipline. Thus, I can offer neither instructions nor formulas for how to successfully conduct a thesis.

Executing a set of laboratory-based experiments for a scientific thesis is undoubtedly different than constructing a comprehensive analysis of several bodies of literature for a humanities-based thesis. Furthermore, each student may embark upon this journey for a unique reason, but the ultimate sense of accomplishment gained from completing this large undertaking is fairly universal, as are many adversities that thesis-pursuing students seem to experience.

The process can be agonizing at times, especially when you crave a true break from the chronic stress but cannot seem to find one. You may find yourself feeling hopelessly lost, doubting whether you really belong in your field or are “cut out” for this type of career.

As is inevitable in research, the thesis journey is likely to take several unexpected turns — funding may fall through after a project begins, a mentor may unexpectedly leave, a laboratory may shut down, etc. I witnessed these circumstances happen to many of my peers. Whatever it may be, you have to be prepared to work through the challenges that seek to unhinge your trajectory.

Additionally, the frustration of consistent “negative” results can be demoralizing, and even crippling. And the prospect of an oral defense in front of esteemed faculty and peers can be absolutely terrifying. In fact, there seems to be a rather exhaustive list of negative factors that compel many students to avoid pursuing a thesis altogether.

But despite all of this, a thesis can be the best journey of your life.      

Aside from substantially preparing you for graduate school and bolstering your resume, a thesis can open the doors to many previously inconceivable opportunities. My thesis journey led me to present research at several science conferences where I was able to converse with world-renowned geobiologists whose work I had merely been referencing until then, but who now serve as resources for and collaborators of my research.

These experiences have tremendously cultivated my professional development in a manner that cannot be taught in the classroom. Furthermore, my thesis served as a foundation for networking opportunities with many prospective graduate school professors and exposed me to diverse research occurring in my field, which has helped me identify my graduate-school research interests.

I am certainly not alone in experiencing these positive outcomes, as they were shared by many of my peers. The thesis can furthermore initiate your entrance into your field, serving as almost a first step in the rite of passage. Your thesis marks the transition from a passive consumer to an active contributor of research, and your work is ultimately eternalized for future authors to reference in their own work.

If you are considering writing a thesis, be prepared for the unique academic intimacy that will inevitably arise. Every second, waking or unconscious, will become dedicated to your thesis such that you and your thesis will become inseparable.

Your thesis manifests your passions, thoughts and opinions, and so it embodies you. The thesis journey is long, but when you finish, you will reflect back upon the incalculable hours of labor with an incredible sense of pride and ownership over a piece of work that you alone constructed and defended to the end.

An undergraduate thesis is an empowering, unparalleled journey that, as many have informed me, is fondly cherished for the rest of your life.

Shaelyn Silverman graduated in May 2017 with bachelor’s degrees in molecular, cellular and developmental biology and also neuroscience.

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On the other side: Reflections from my PhD journey

A PhD can seem endless when you first begin, and even more so as you near the end, working to finalise things. Though rest assured, there is life on the other side of the struggle. Having gone through the stressful, frustrating, interesting and sometimes fun journey that is doing a PhD, allow me to reflect on the path walked and how it feels being…’done’.

I can still remember how I felt starting my PhD. The 3- to 4-year path the lay ahead seemed like aeons. Of course, the fact that home was half-way across the world didn’t help matters either. I came in with a plan in mind and questions that needed answering. Bright-eyed and bushy tailed, I thought I was ready, and I was.

My first year was simultaneously slow and fast – you know the feeling. Doing the literature review was a pain in the neck – literally. Though it helped answer some questions, posed new questions and gave me a starting direction, even though I was working on a topic I had proposed. I call the first year the fun, breezy year , and it was. It was the time period during which I got accustomed to how things were done and got into the groove of things. I took up a sport, which I continued throughout my PhD (it came in handy from my third year onwards as an outlet). I made friends, some of which are still in my life.

Before I knew it, I was in my second year. At this time, I had a better handle on things in terms of what I was doing, and meant to be doing, with regards to my research. This was when the ‘real’ work actually began for me. My second year went by faster then the first, though there was still a work-life balance. This was my time of exploration and experimentation, trying out different ways of doing things and carving out my own way. Ah, good times… Well, that was until third year came around.

The time from when I began my third year to when I submitted my thesis is a bit of a blur. It went by very quickly and was a stressful period. As I have come to realise, having spoken to colleagues (snippets here and here ); towards the end of one’s PhD is the time when anything that can go wrong will most likely go wrong – Murphy’s law. There were a lot of setbacks and delays during this time, though I also managed to get a lot of work done. Admittedly, the work-life balance did slip a bit. From my experience, the third year is the time when you actually know what you have to do and want to do. Though it’s also when you’re most pressed for time. This was the point I realised that 3-4 years was a relatively short period of time to do ‘ground breaking research’.

Anywho… I managed to get my thesis written and completed through a combination of starting early and, in my case, working over the December break. Thesis writing seemed tedious at the time, that was until I had to do the corrections. Nonetheless, I also survived that, and I am now on the other side. So, how does it feel like? I’m glad you asked…

For me, it’s more a feeling of relief. I am enjoying not having to worry about deadlines, attending meetings or equipment/prototypes malfunctioning.  However, it has been a bit tough to completely ‘switch off’ and do nothing. The ‘struggle’ has been in making an overnight transition from working towards deadlines and having daily objectives to doing nothing, or at least far less. I know, ‘first world problems’.

I haven’t been kicking back and relaxing as much as I thought I would be. Though whatever work I have been doing has been done on my own time, and that has been nice. And I have had a day or two of really doing nothing (cue the Bruno Mars song ).

So, what does the next step for me look like? Another good question. Firstly, I plan to continue taking some time off to relax and detox from the PhD journey. I want to get a bit bored and do other things that interest me which I didn’t have the time to do. After which, I plan to go it my own way.

Closing thoughts – if I had a time machine, would I do the PhD again? Yes. It has been a challenging but interesting journey. I have learnt and grown during this time and I walk away better equipped to create a career that will fulfil me. Though on a side note, if I had a time machine I would be a ‘time explorer’.

Would I do anything differently? That’s a catch 22 scenario. The temptation is to say yes. If so, I would do certain things earlier. But in actuality, I wouldn’t do anything differently. Every path I’ve taken has led to my learning and brought me to where I am today. I am glad I chose to undertake the challenge of pursuing a doctoral degree. Some of my takeaways from this journey is that I am more resilient and determined than I thought I was. I’ve also come to realise that there more you know, there more you realise how little you know.

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Reflection: My thesis journey

By Shireen Mukadam

I had one formal coaching session with Caroline in December 2020. We were neighbours and she’s a thesis coach. I’m doing my Masters. It felt like fate!

Caroline helped me to see the bigger picture and to break down what I needed to do into practical steps. She also helped me figure out what information I needed to get, to adequately plan. After this session, my thesis changed from something I felt overwhelmed by, to excitement.

In February we walked. I felt a bit stuck.  Caroline asked me why I am doing this. When I answered, my answer was about the stories of migrants, and my passion for documenting migrants’ lived experiences. She advised me to focus on the interviews and to enjoy it! That’s exactly what I did. After taking a break, I took a different approach to the interviews. The space I was in (excited) impacted on how the interviews panned out. The data I collected was richer!

In the end I interviewed 13 people, instead of 3-5 people as initially planned. I wanted to finish my thesis research and writing within three months (the perfectionist in me) and tried to push complete a data analysis and write up findings within two weeks. It wasn’t possible. I realized the data was so rich- I needed more time to do justice to the migrants’ stories.

I had an informal call with Caroline at the start of April. She told me how she did her thematic analysis, and suggested I choose themes based on the data. She advised me to keep track of which quotes comes from what transcription- this piece of advice helped a lot! I then did my thematic analysis, which took a couple of weeks. I documented this process visually through photos.

I submitted the first draft of my thesis to my supervisor in June. The thematic analysis took much longer than I initially anticipated. I literally immersed myself in the data, from the time of completing the interviews in mid-March, until June. I’ve learnt that we need much more time to analyze the data than it takes to do the interviews.

Being able to check in with Caroline and update her, albeit informally over the last few months has helped me tremendously. I would not be here without her firm, yet kind advise. At times Caroline told me, “You’re procrastinating!” I did not like it, but she was right. I was! I was looking for any excuse not to write. A turning point was when Caroline asked me why I’m doing this. When I responded and remembered the reasons, I felt happy and motivated. This shifted my energy. I took Caroline’s advice and focused on what I loved doing- connecting with people, listening to their stories, and documenting their voices and lived experiences.

I collected much more data than I anticipated. It’s rich data. I would not change how things happened- it is a process. I had to learn to trust the process. Recently I started enjoying writing again. My thesis is not perfect- my supervisor will give me feedback and I’ll revise it on that basis. Nothing is perfect, in the end. It’s more about the journey than the end point.

Thank you, Caroline for your invaluable advice and for walking this journey with me-literally and figuratively!

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The Honors Thesis Journey: George Olisedeme-Akpu

By mahidhar sai lakkavaram; photos by kimberly manyanga.

Part 1: The Beginning 

The Honors Thesis is the culmination of your Honors classes and research work at UMass. Typically completed in your senior year, the thesis can be completed as an Individually Contracted Thesis (research manuscript or creative portfolio) or through a Thesis Seminar .

This series will track two senior Honors students as they go through their thesis journey. George Olisedeme-Akpu, a senior mechanical engineering major , is doing his thesis as a research manuscript on driver assistance systems.

Read on to learn more about the start of George’s thesis and the work he is doing now!

What is your Honors Thesis about? How did you come across this topic?

My thesis topic is "The Impact of Driver Assistance Systems on Teen Driver Behavior". I came across this topic while working on the Teen Drive research project at the Human Performance Laboratory and took a personal interest in it.

What is your research about for this topic?

My research basically tracks the behavioral changes in teen drivers as they use L2 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems over four visits. During these visits, participants go in the driving simulator and go through various predetermined scenarios. They drive through these scenarios as they would normally, and then with varying levels of automation (where the car is able to maneuver some part of the course by itself) during each visit. During these visits, we assign them surveys before and after their driving session; these surveys collect data on the driver's adaptation to automation, driver acceptance, trust & distrust, and mental models. The survey data is then analyzed and visualized, and I will be writing my thesis on the trends I find through visualizing the data.

What was the Thesis Proposal process like? Do you have any tips for students?

The proposal process was very smooth. I made my first proposal as an assignment for my Honors Junior Writing class and worked with my Committee Chair to make changes before submitting it.

"I'd recommend starting the proposal process early and making sure that you and your Committee chair are on the same page before submitting.”

What does the start of your thesis look like so far? How are you planning out the rest of the process?

Right now, I am working on the data collection and analysis part of my projects. I am also currently studying similar journal articles and research papers, as I am now starting to draft my literature review. For the rest of the semester, I hope to complete my literature review and wrap up data analysis. So far, it's off to a good start. I'm excited to see where it goes from here.

Why did you choose this topic for your thesis?

I chose this topic out of personal interest; I have always been interested in the transportation industry and its effect on society. My project allows me to delve deeper into this topic, particularly as it relates to teen drivers.

How does it feel to start your thesis? 

“It feels almost surreal. It is something I've been thinking of since freshman year and it is a mix of being nervous and excited at the same time, but I'm learning to trust the process.”

This is the first installment of a three-part series. Stay tuned to learn more about George’s thesis journey!

Mahidhar Sai Lakkavaram

Mahidhar Lakkavaram is a communications assistant in Commonwealth Honors College. 

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Thesis Acknowledgements Examples

5 Examples For Your Inspiration

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) | Reviewers: Dr Eunice Rautenbach | May 2024

The acknowledgements section of your thesis or dissertation is an opportunity to say thanks to all the people who helped you along your research journey. In this post, we’ll share five thesis acknowledgement examples to provide you with some inspiration.

Overview: Acknowledgements Examples

• The acknowledgements 101
• Example:  Formal and professional
• Example:  Warm and personal
• Example:  Challenge-centric
• Example:  Institution-centric
• Example:  Reflective and philosophical
• FREE Acknowledgements template

Acknowledgements 101: The Basics

The acknowledgements section in your thesis or dissertation is where you express gratitude to those who helped bring your project to fruition. This section is typically brief (a page or less) and less formal, but it’s crucial to thank the right individuals in the right order .

As a rule of thumb, you’ll usually begin with academic support : your supervisors, advisors, and faculty members. Next, you’ll acknowledge any funding bodies or sponsors that supported your research. You’ll then follow this with your intellectual contributors , such as colleagues and peers. Lastly, you’ll typically thank your personal support network , including family, friends, and even pets who offered emotional support during your studies.

As you can probably see, this order moves from the most formal acknowledgements to the least . Typically, your supervisor is mentioned first, due to their significant role in guiding and potentially evaluating your work. However, while this structure is recommended, it’s essential to adapt it based on any specific guidelines from your university. So, be sure to always check (and adhere to) any requirements or norms specific to your university.

With that groundwork laid, let’s look at a few dissertation and thesis acknowledgement examples . If you’d like more, check out our collection of dissertation examples here .

Need a helping hand?

Example #1: Formal and Professional

This acknowledgement formally expresses gratitude to academic mentors and peers, emphasising professional support and academic guidance.

I extend my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Jane Smith, for her unwavering support and insightful critiques throughout my research journey. Her deep commitment to academic excellence and meticulous attention to detail have significantly shaped this dissertation. I am equally thankful to the members of my thesis committee, Dr. John Doe and Dr. Emily White, for their constructive feedback and essential suggestions that enhanced the quality of my work.

My appreciation also goes to the faculty and staff in the Department of Biology at University College London, whose resources and assistance have been invaluable. I would also like to acknowledge my peers for their camaraderie and the stimulating discussions that inspired me throughout my academic journey. Their collective wisdom and encouragement have been a cornerstone of my research experience.

Finally, my sincere thanks to the technical staff whose expertise in managing laboratory equipment was crucial for my experiments. Their patience and readiness to assist at all times have left a profound impact on the completion of my project.

Example #2: Warm and Personal

This acknowledgement warmly credits the emotional and personal support received from family, friends and an approachable mentor during the research process.

This thesis is a reflection of the unwavering support and boundless love I received from my family and friends during this challenging academic pursuit. I owe an immense debt of gratitude to my parents, who nurtured my curiosity and supported my educational endeavours from the very beginning.

To my partner, Alex, your endless patience and understanding, especially during the most demanding phases of this research, have been my anchor. A heartfelt thank you to my supervisor, Dr. Mark Brown, whose mentorship extended beyond the academic realm into personal guidance, providing comfort and motivation during tough times.

I am also thankful for my friends, who provided both distractions when needed and encouragement when it seemed impossible to continue. The discussions and unwavering support from my peers at the university have enriched my research experience, making this journey not only possible but also enjoyable. Their presence and insights have been pivotal in navigating the complexities of my research topic.

Example #3: Inclusive of Challenges

This acknowledgement recognises the wide range of support received during unexpected personal and academic challenges, highlighting resilience and communal support.

The path to completing this dissertation has been fraught with both professional challenges and personal adversities. I am profoundly grateful for the enduring support of my supervisor, Dr. Lisa Green, whose steadfast belief in my capabilities and academic potential encouraged me to persevere even during my lowest moments. Her guidance was a beacon of light in times of doubt.

I must also express my deepest appreciation for my family, who stepped in not only with emotional reassurance, but also with critical financial support, when unexpected personal challenges arose. Their unconditional love and sacrifice have been the foundation of my resilience and success.

I am thankful, too, for the support services at the university, including the counselling centre, whose staff provided me with the tools to manage stress and maintain focus on my academic goals. Each of these individuals and institutions played a crucial role in my journey, reminding me that the pursuit of knowledge is not a solo expedition but a communal effort.

Example #4: Institution-Centric

This acknowledgement succinctly appreciates the financial, academic, and operational support provided by the university and its staff.

This dissertation would not have been possible without the generous financial support from the University of Edinburgh Scholarship Programme, which enabled me to focus fully on my research without financial burden. I am profoundly grateful to my advisor, Professor Richard Miles, for his sage advice, rigorous academic guidance, and the confidence he instilled in me. His expertise in the field of microbiology greatly enriched my work.

I would also like to thank the staff at the university library, whose assistance was indispensable. Their patience and willingness to help locate rare and essential resources facilitated a thorough and comprehensive literature review. Additionally, the administrative and technical staff, who often go unmentioned, provided necessary support that greatly enhanced my research experience. Their dedication and hard work create an environment conducive to academic success.

Lastly, my peers’ encouragement and the intellectual environment at the university have been vital in completing my research.

Example #5: Reflective and philosophical

This acknowledgement reflects on the philosophical growth and personal insights gained through the support of mentors, peers, and family, framing the dissertation as a journey of intellectual discovery.

Completing this thesis has been not only an academic challenge but also a profound journey of personal and philosophical growth.

I am immensely grateful to my mentor, Professor Sarah Johnson, for encouraging me to explore complex ideas and to challenge conventional wisdom. Her guidance helped me navigate the philosophical underpinnings of my research and deepened my analytical skills. My fellow students in the Philosophy Department provided a supportive and intellectually stimulating community. Our discussions extended beyond the classroom, offering new insights and perspectives that were crucial to my thesis.

I am also deeply thankful for my family, whose intellectual curiosity and spirited philosophical debates at home sparked my interest in philosophy from a young age. Their continuous support and belief in my academic pursuits have been instrumental in my success.

This dissertation reflects not only my work but also the collective support of everyone who has touched my life academically and personally. The journey has taught me the value of questioning and the importance of diverse perspectives in enriching our understanding of complex philosophical issues.

FREE Acknowledgements Template

To help fast-track your writing process, we’ve created a free, fully editable template . This template covers all the necessary content for a generic thesis or dissertation acknowledgements section. If you’re interested, you can download a copy here .

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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — The Odyssey — Odysseus: The Heroic Journey

Odysseus: The Heroic Journey

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From psychology to space: alexandra whitmire’s journey and impact in nasa’s human research program.

Sumer Loggins

From navigating the depths of the human mind to exploring the vastness of space, Dr. Alexandra (Sandra) Whitmire helps lead research on the effects of prolonged isolation and confinement as NASA prepares to voyage to the Moon and eventually Mars. 

Whitmire is the lead scientist for the Human Factors and Behavioral Performance element (HFBP) within NASA’s Human Research Program, or HRP. HFBP selects, supports, and helps design studies for Johnson Space Center in Houston’s HERA (Human Exploration Research Analog), which conducts missions simulating isolation and confinement to further understand psychological effects on humans.  

These studies evaluate how crews work as a team and overcome stressors, bringing to light the potential effects of prolonged isolation on behavioral health. They also help reveal strategies for keeping crew members cohesive and engaged on long-duration missions. With greater workloads, higher stress, and more isolation anticipated in future spaceflight missions, especially with communication delays, this research is crucial. 

Strategies that support astronauts’ mental health have been around since the early days of spaceflight, and a strong team at NASA is in place to support the behavioral health of crews on the International Space Station. This team facilitates services such as communication with family, regular provision of crew care packages, and guidance on the optimal use of onboard methods that seek to counter adverse effects of spaceflight. For instance, lighting systems that simulate daytime and nighttime can help maintain circadian rhythms in the dark of deep space. HFBP learns from the astronauts’ current psychological support teams, while also planning a research strategy that aims to maintain this level of care in future missions beyond low Earth orbit.  

Initially working through KBR as a research coordinator, Whitmire played a key role in establishing NASA’s behavioral health and performance research group in 2006. Over time, this small group advocated for dedicated research facilities, leading to the creation of HERA in 2013 and a Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory in 2016. HFBP also initiates and oversees studies in Antarctica, and created and managed studies previously conducted through the Scientific International Research In a Unique terrestrial Station, or SIRIUS, a series of international missions that were held inside a ground-based analog facility in Moscow, Russia. 

Whitmire’s role now involves managing projects aimed at mitigating risks for future spaceflight. She specializes in fatigue management, performance measurement, and strategies to counter behavioral changes that may result from spaceflight.  

“My journey to NASA was quite unexpected,” she said. “With a background in psychology and writing, I never imagined I’d find an opportunity working in space exploration.” 

Whitmire began her career supporting the state of Texas and MD Anderson Cancer Center on organizational development. She joined NASA’s HRP in 2006 as a research coordinator for the Human Health and Performance element. 

Whitmire completed her bachelor’s degree in English and Psychology from the University of Texas at Austin. She then earned her master’s in psychology, with a focus on experimental psychology, from the University of Texas in San Antonio, and years later, while continuing her full-time work with KBR, she completed her doctorate in psychology from Capella University. 

Through HERA missions, HRP conducts studies that seek to evaluate how crew health and performance can be affected by stressors anticipated in future exploration missions.  One example study, led by Dr. Grace Douglas, a food technology scientist at Johnson, explored a restricted food system in which meals were replaced with compact bars. Douglas found that limited food options were associated with reduced eating and caloric intake, as well as decrements in mood, highlighting the importance of an acceptable food system for mental well-being on long duration missions.  

Another study led by Dr. Leslie DeChurch, a professor of Communication and Psychology from Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., revealed that teams performed worse on a complex, conceptual task at the end of a mission compared to earlier on, highlighting the need to maintain team cohesion and performance over time. Still more studies seek to evaluate the effects of communications delays of up to five minutes each way between crew and HERA’s mission control, which sits just outside the analog environment.   

As NASA prepares to launch the first crewed Artemis missions, HRP’s behavioral health team is also incorporating studies to address Moon-specific challenges. The team is focused on the unique demands of lunar landings, such as high-tempo operations and seconds-long communication delays. The current goal is to increase the fidelity of HERA to future Artemis missions to ensure that more meaningful, operationally-relevant results emerge from future investigations.  

Through these studies, scientists learn valuable lessons about resilience and coping mechanisms that can benefit future space missions. Their findings emphasize the importance of maintaining social connections, adequate work-rest schedules, and opportunities for exercise to support mental health. Being intentional and reflective with gratitude and positive emotions has also shown significant value, Whitmire notes, adding that during her time at NASA, she has learned more about the importance of relationships, communication, and resolving problems together as a team. 

“Overall, our goal is to ensure that astronauts are well-prepared for and supported through the psychological demands of space exploration. We seek to apply these insights to improve mental health support for everyone,” Whitmire said. “All of us can learn from these crew members in their periods of isolation to get insights on how to live happier, healthier lives here on Earth.” 

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Promoting equity in teaching and learning at SFU: The Healing from Racism Journey

Reprinted with permission from the Office of the AVPTL. Original post here .

By Jackie Amsden

SFU instructors are working to make the university a more equitable place to work, teach and learn thanks in part to their experiences in the Centre for Educational Excellence’s Healing from Racism Journey program (HRJ).

HRJ is a primarily synchronous online cohort program for instructors designed to support self-research, growth and the development of anti-racist teaching practices. It also includes optional in-person sessions.

“The HRJ initiative transcends faculty development programs. By recognizing racism as systemic within higher education, it goes beyond teaching to impact the institution's core operations and teaching culture. We empower faculty to explore critically how these systems have shaped them across their various roles at SFU, encompassing classrooms and research. Through this exploration, we facilitate the development of strategies for fostering equitable learning environments for all students and colleagues. This fosters a continuous, critically anti-racist community at SFU,” says Dr. Bee Brigidi, inclusive teaching educational consultant developer, who conceptualized and co-facilitates the program alongside Sarah Turner and Ashley Edwards.

Fostering equity within the classroom  

For health sciences lecturer Dr. Mark Lechner, the experience shaped not only his teaching but also his commitment to champion equity across the university.

“The experience in the program continues to shape me. For example, when setting up a course, I’m questioning: Why this lesson? Why this assessment? And how could I change it so that it's not duplicating racist systems? This might mean changing the case studies I use or providing a more critical historical lens on the scientific concepts we are exploring. The HRJ program also led me to join a decolonizing STEM community of practice where we seek ways that our teaching and learning does not perpetuate narrow and discriminatory viewpoints. And I’ve just now taken a role as a co-lead for the EDI Community of Practice faculty pod, so that I can continue the conversation with my colleagues beyond Health Sciences and across the whole university.”

Shaping teaching and decision-making    

According to public policy professor and director Dr. Genevieve   LeBaron, her participation in HRJ has informed both her teaching and administrative processes.

“One of the things I was thinking about through the course was how to centre equity and Indigenization within our School. This has meant rethinking aspects of my teaching. For example, one thing that I really took away from that was how limiting it can be for students when both course materials and assessments are entirely text-based, so, in a course on research methods I integrated more multimedia into the syllabus. Additionally, as a head of department, it has meant considering how the structure and processes of our school can be more inclusive, transparent, and fair. In the wake of the course, I’ve helped to launch the Community for Anti-Racism and Equity (CARE) committee—co-chaired by Drs Natahnee Winder and Ali Bhagat—which is doing excellent work in our school. HRJ was a supportive space in which to consider optimising administrative and governance structures as I launched into my directorship. It also equipped me with a network of people across campus that could support and share notes around this work.”

Creating a shared understanding of tenure and promotion

For health sciences professor Dr. Nicole Berry, her experience in the program inspired her and her colleagues—Drs Alex Kent, Lyana Patrick and Mark Lechner—to lead faculty-wide discussions about tenure and promotion reform which have helped them recognize their shared values when it comes to faculty career progression.

"Our faculty council workshops helped highlight a new shared understanding of Tenure and Promotion Committee guidelines. Identifying a shared understanding in our faculty on this very difficult topic is an incredible accomplishment. What I appreciated about the program was that it pushed me to be reflexive in a structured way, and offered a space where I was working alongside my colleagues, which was very motivating.” 

Supporting equity in teaching portfolios

Health sciences lecturer and undergraduate programs director Dr. Nienke van Houten says her experience in the HRJ program encouraged her to help raise awareness about the inequity that instructors may face.

“I learned a lot in the program about structural factors that often go unseen, so one way I was able to help challenge that was by co-developing an invisible labor module with Bee Brigidi as part of an online course I was creating to help faculty prepare for biennial reviews. The purpose was to bring awareness to the fact that faculy from specific cultural or racial backgrounds are often doing more work to support students from similar backgrounds than their colleagues. There is a lot of invisible labour that happens and the purpose of the module was to help those faculty engaged in that labour to consciously integrate that work into their teaching portfolio, and to also to raise awareness amongst members of the TPC that this labour is happening.”

Healing from Racism Journey is typically offered in October and November. If you would like to be notified when the next cohort is available, please email [email protected].

KPMG Personalization

• 29% of companies feel ready to have ESG data assured despite looming regulatory deadlines

Data virtually unchanged over the past nine months, KPMG research finds

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• KPMG research finds 29% of companies feel they have the ESG policies, skills and systems in place to be ready for independent ESG data assurance
• This is virtually unchanged from nine months ago (25%)
• Gap between leading companies and those in the early stages of Assurance readiness is widening
• Skills and resources seen as the single biggest challenge for all levels of maturity
• Focus on suppliers and supply chains is increasing – Amongst Leaders, over four in ten (42%) now place robust, product-specific requirements on their suppliers, up from 28% in 2023. 

Latest research from KPMG reveals that almost one third (29%) of companies feel ready to have their ESG data independently assured, up only a fraction from nine months ago, despite fast-approaching and evolving regulatory deadlines to report on ESG. In the EU, for example, reports are due to start appearing from the largest companies in early 2025, and this reporting wave will require independent assurance.

The findings, presented in KPMG’s annual ESG Assurance Maturity Index, are based on responses from 1,000 senior executives and board members at organizations across industries, global regions and revenue sizes.

Assessing companies’ progress in preparing for the demands of ESG reporting and assurance, the research classifies organizations into Leaders (29%), Advancers (46%) and Beginners (26%) and calculates a maturity score.

Widening gap between Leaders and Beginners

Despite the limited uplift in readiness, the research does show that some progress is being made. Not only has the percentage of companies in the Leader category grown, but the average score of those Leaders has also increased, with a 6 percent rise. The average score for the middle cohort of companies – Advancers – has also risen, by 3 percent.

However, there is a widening gap between these groups and Beginners - where the average score has fallen by 6 percent. The report warns that these companies are reaching the point where concerted action is needed.

Getting ready for ESG assurance is a journey – and companies are finding that, the further they get in that journey, the more there is to do and learn. The goal-line is continually evolving. That is why progress may appear slow, even though many companies have truly been taking significant steps. This effort will pay off – Boards are increasing their focus on it and Leaders are reporting a growing range of benefits as the discipline involved in getting ready for ESG assurance permeates across systems, processes, controls and governance.

Larry Bradley Global Head of Audit at KPMG International

Other key research findings include:

• The higher a company’s revenue, the more likely it is to be advanced in its ESG assurance preparations. At companies with revenues of over $100bn, the score peaks at 69.5 (on a 0-100 scale), while for those with revenues under $5bn it is 39.3.
• Geographically, France tops the scores (52.4) as it did in 2023, while Germany has moved up strongly to second place (52.3) and Japan is third (50.2).
• Benefits of becoming ready for ESG assurance go far beyond mere compliance – with key expected benefits including greater market share (56%), decreased costs (48%), and new business models (46%).
• For Leaders, the benefits are increasing the further they get in the process, with scores this year rising significantly compared to last year across benefits such as decreased costs (+18 ppts), better product/service quality (+12), reduced business risks (+11), improved staff engagement (+8), better credit rating (+8) and expanded market share (+6).

Assurance levels 

With regards to assurance, nearly two-thirds (63 percent) of organizations obtain limited assurance over some or all of their disclosures, while just over half (52 percent) receive reasonable assurance over some or all. However, this reasonable assurance is often over a very small number of critical KPIs. These limited and reasonable assurance figures have both increased from last year (50 percent and 47 percent respectively). Just nine percent of respondents do not obtain any external assurance currently. With external assurance due to be a regulatory requirement in many jurisdictions within the next couple of years, companies will need to move further along the process in order to be ready.

In the early years of required assurance, we expect that there will be a higher number of instances of modified reports on ESG. But that is not necessarily a bad thing. A modification means that there is a matter that needs to be highlighted to stakeholders. In time, the collection and reporting of information will improve and as a result the number of modifications should reduce.

Skills and resources a key challenge

Obtaining and maintaining sufficient internal skills and expertise is the challenge most widely cited by respondents (44%), and applies across Leaders, Advancers and Beginners. Obtaining appropriately skilled and experienced people is set to be a challenge for all given that so many businesses are looking for the same skillsets at the same time and also that the skills required are very specialized. Over half of companies (54%) say they are planning to hire externally as a result – and indeed amongst Leaders the proportion is higher still, at 59%. This suggests that the further businesses advance in the process, the more skills requirements they discover they will need in order to reach full ESG reporting and assurance maturity.

Supply chain focus

With supplier information and data key to many aspects of ESG, such as calculating Scope 3 carbon emissions, companies are increasing their demands of suppliers. Amongst Leaders, over four in ten (42%) now place robust, product-specific requirements on their suppliers, up from 28% in 2023. More Leaders are requesting suppliers to provide ESG data into their own systems (64%) and integrating ESG screening into supplier onboarding (48%). There has also been a rise in Leaders requesting the supplier obtains ESG assurance, although this is still at relatively early stages, increasing from 10% to 23%.

But this is another area where the gulf between Leaders and Beginners shows through. Most Beginners (78%) still only have basic requirements of their suppliers, such as anti-bribery and corruption stipulations in contracts and legal documents – unchanged from last year.

Time for action

Deadlines are getting closer and the pressure is on. At KPMG, we are working hard to help our clients prepare. Our report includes a five-step guide to getting ready for ESG assurance. It’s an area that is becoming an increasingly important focus for companies’ stakeholders – corporations now have to rise to the challenge..

Mike Shannon Global Head of ESG Assurance KPMG International

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