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Study PhD In Canada: The Ultimate Guide

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Most of all are thinking of enrolling for a PhD in Canada, aren't we? Let us hone our chances for a unique intellectual trip! Students from all over the world travel to attend the best Canadian universities, where students receive higher employment rates with higher earnings. Check out our blog on the ten best universities in Canada . So we are here to drop the beans on what it takes to rock that doctoral journey up north, from gorgeous vistas to cutting-edge research. Start the journey to study for a PhD in Canada by reading this blog! Also, check out this blog to know the things to consider before you choose your major.

A Wise Choice To Study PhD in Canada?

The fact that more than a third of all research in Canada is carried out at its esteemed universities makes the nation appealing in terms of the availability of resources and job opportunities for graduates. In addition to having institutions that consistently deliver high-quality education, Canada also provides degrees that are recognised internationally.

1. High rates of employability for graduates with higher chances of top-notch earnings. 2. Work opportunities after graduation because one can stay and work for three years. 3. Overseas pupils' exposure to a variety of cultures. 4. Compared to other English-speaking countries, there are lower living and tuition costs. 5. High standards of living and life quality. 6. The Canadian Government allows massive PhD scholarships in Canada. 7. Contemporary facilities that are globally competitive.

Canadian University Rankings

Keeping up with its neighbors in North America, Canadian universities for PhD are the best in the world in various disciplines. Here are the standings of the best universities in Canada that reflect globally.

Top-Tier Universities in Canada For PhD

1. university of toronto.

The University of Toronto consistently ranks among the top universities in the world and is largely regarded as one of the best Canadian universities for PhD. It provides a comprehensive selection of PhD programmes in many different fields, including the humanities, social sciences, sciences, engineering, and professional programmes. The institution recruits outstanding professors and offers cutting-edge labs, libraries, and research facilities to enable groundbreaking research. The University of Toronto provides PhD applicants with a dynamic intellectual environment thanks to its diverse and welcoming community.

‍ 2. The University of British Columbia

The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a leader in Canadian higher education and is known for the quality of its research. The PhD programmes that UBC offers span a variety of academic fields, including the arts, sciences, engineering, business, and health sciences. The university's dedication to collaboration, creativity, and sustainability fosters an environment that is suited for cutting-edge research. The beautiful campus of UBC, which is tucked between the mountains and the Pacific Ocean, offers a distinctive and motivating environment for PhD study. These are some of the reasons why the University of British Columbia is one of the best universities in Canada. To retain scholarship offers, the Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships is provided by the University of British Columbia.

3. McGill University

It is one of Canada's top institutions for research and one of the best universities in Canada, which is situated in Montreal, Quebec. It provides a wide selection of PhD programmes in many different disciplines, including the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and health sciences. Outstanding academics at McGill conduct groundbreaking research, and the university promotes a vibrant intellectual environment. Its cutting-edge libraries, research centers, and labs provide PhD students with many resources.

The University of Alberta is one of Canada's top institutions for conducting extensive research and is located in Edmonton. In disciplines like science, engineering, the arts, social sciences, business, and health sciences, it provides a wide choice of PhD programmes. The university's numerous research centers and institutes demonstrate its dedication to research and innovation. At the University of Alberta, doctoral students can access several funding possibilities, state-of-the-art equipment, and a collaborative research atmosphere. Thanks to all of this, the University of Alberta is one of the best universities in Canada.

5. University of Waterloo

For its accomplishments in the domains of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), the University of Waterloo is well-known and is among one of the best universities in Canada . In disciplines including engineering, computer science, mathematics, applied sciences, and health sciences, it provides outstanding PhD programmes. The university is renowned for its cooperative education programmes, in which students switch between paid labor terms and academic terms to get valuable real-world experience. The University of Waterloo presents distinctive opportunities for research and industry engagement with a focus on entrepreneurship and innovation.

Supreme PhD programmes in Canada

In Canada, a wide range of academic specializations, including the natural sciences, the arts, and technical sectors, are available as PhD degrees. These PhD programmes in Canada cover all sorts of areas of interest regardless of their nature.

1. Business 2. Economics 3. Medicine 4. Engineering 5. Education 6. Biological sciences 7. Physics 8. Mathematics 9. Political sciences 10. Anthropology 11. Sociology 12. Psychology

How long does it take to study for a PhD in Canada?

Most of the students have a question in mind on how long is a PhD in Canada? Well many of the 4–6 year PhD programmes in Canada are research thesis-based. A generally have more in common with those in the UK than with those in the nearby USA. The PhD programmes in Canada are frequently more research-focused than American programmes, which start with one or two years of taught lectures and exams before determining a thesis topic.

How much does it cost to do a PhD in Canada?

Canadian institutions offer various scholarships specifically for PhD programmes. However, generally speaking, depending on the programmes, specialism, and university, a PhD in Canada might cost anywhere from CAD $8,000 to CAD $20,000 per year.

How to choose the right University in Canada?

Many colleges, universities, and other higher education facilities in Canada grant PhDs that are recognized internationally. You must take into account a number of crucial considerations while selecting the ideal location for your studies, including:

1. Program availability 2. University ranking 3. Faculty and staff reputation 4. Research facilities 5. Scholarships and funding options offered by the university 6. Graduate employability rate 7. Tuition fees 8. Location 9. Check out this blog to know the top reasons to study abroad .

Prerequisites for the PhD in Canada

Depending on the university and the subject of study, several criteria are required for Canadian PhD admission. In order to capitalize your Canadian doctoral dreams, these requirements will pave your way to success. However, in general, the following is what most universities in the nation demand of foreign applicants for PhD degrees:

1. Completed application form 2. Resume 3. Accredited master's degree in a related field with strong grades, proven research ability, and potential 4. Transcripts for your university degree or courses 5. Statement of Purpose 6. GMAT or GRE scores 7. Recommendation letters 8. English language tests, such as IELTS or TOEFL ‍ 9. Application fee

Fees and Funding Opportunities

Contrary to popular belief, studying abroad in Canada is more economical. Universities do, however, often charge more for international students. It's better to count beans and cross T’s while we go through the multiple Canadian PhD Fundings that a student can afford.

Canadian PhD fees

The typical annual cost of a Canadian PhD programmes is between CAD $2,500 to CAD $17,000, while some might cost up to CAD $25,000. It is higher than what an international student pays at home, but it is still less than in other developed nations like the UK and the USA. The expenses for your PhD may change from year to year if it is a part of a more organized plan. The cost of taught classes and examinations is typically higher than the cost of years that emphasize individual study.

Additionally, you could be requested to pay a few minor extra expenses for things like union dues and student services. Depending on the province you are studying in, Canadian PhD tuition varies. Only use these prices as a general reference.

Renent fee changes for international students

At particular universities, there are some fresh efforts for overseas students.

1. In 2018, the University of Toronto started charging domestic and international PhD students the same costs. Thus, you will pay the same amount for your PhD as a native Canadian student. 2. Brock University has started using its grants to pay the entire cost of an international PhD.

A Comprehensive Guide To Canadian PhD Funding

Canada being the second largest country in the world, it's hard to navigate the funding that can be tricky as a cat on a hot tin roof especially when you consider the distinctive approaches of its ten provinces. A cheaper funding than in the UK or USA is inflicted that can put you up in the queue with various funding opportunities including PhD scholarship in Canada. Here are a few PhD scholarships in Canada that one will be able to apply covering Canadian PhD funding

1. Queen Elizabeth Scholarship Program 2. Canadian Government PhD Funding 3. Vanier CGS (Canadian Government Scholarship) Program 4. National Research Council

Documentation for Pursuing PhD in Canada

Typically, you will submit your application directly to the graduate programmes overseeing your PhD. For various topic areas, some universities will offer separate graduate schools. Others will have a single large institution overseeing the administration of their advanced degree programmes. You'll need the following documents:

1. Admission requirements 2. GPA scores 3. Graduate admissions tests 4. Language requirements 5. Application process 6. Interviews 7. Student visas

Employment Opportunities During PhD In Canada

You will be an excellent candidate for many kinds of positions in higher education, research, and other fields if you have a PhD. Furthermore, Canada will be eager to keep you, and the country's post-study visa programmes is set up to make that possibility as appealing as possible. Following the completion of a PhD, international graduates from Canadian universities are permitted to reside and work there for up to three years under the country's post-graduation work permit (PGWP) programmes. You must have pursued full-time study for your PhD and successfully finished your programmes. For an online application, the charge is typically CAD $255, and the processing time is around 56 days.

A PhD in Canada can open doors to a world of great learning, research opportunities, and cultural diversity. A PhD in Canada gives access to fulfilling careers and personal development with financial options, helpful services for international students, and potential routes to permanent residency. Accept the enlightening adventure of innovation and knowledge. Also, if you are planning to study in the USA, check out this guide for masters in finance in the USA to know everything, including the cost, requirements and top universities. Also, check out this blog to know everything about the types of intakes in Canada . You can also read our blog on the best fully funded scholarships in Canada .

Frequently Asked Questions

Why pursue a phd in canada, how long does it take to complete a phd in canada, what are the admission requirements for a phd program in canada, can i apply for permanent residency after completing my phd in canada, what career opportunities are available after obtaining a phd in canada.

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PhD programs

Take a deep dive into the topic you love with a phd, at the university of ottawa, you can:.

Join a select community of researchers and work in state-of-the-art labs – uOttawa is ranked among the top 10 research universities in Canada.
Study in the heart of the nation’s capital, a bilingual and multicultural setting where networks of senior stakeholders take action on major issues and influence decisions.
Receive considerable financial support.

“One of the reasons I chose the University of Ottawa is for its multidisciplinary or multi-university thesis committees available to students in their first year of doctoral studies.”

Valérie Costanzo, LL.B., LL.M., lawyer, PhD candidate

Explore ways to finance your doctoral studies

The University of Ottawa has many scholarships or financial support options available to you. As a doctoral candidate, there is also the option to earn money while gaining valuable experience through teaching and research assistantships.

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“Supervising doctoral students is a privilege: it allows for the discovery of new research challenges and for the development of sustainable relationships.”

Emmanuelle Bernheim, LL.D., PhD, Full professor, Faculty of Law, Civil Law Section

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Pursue PhD in Canada: Make a Difference in Research

Updated On Feb 12, 2024

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Why Study Ph.D. in Canada?

Overview of ph.d. programs in canada, list of top 5 universities to pursue phd programs in canada, eligibility criteria & admission requirements to study phd in canada, cost of studying phd in canada for international students, top 5 ph.d. scholarships in canada for international students, job opportunities after pursuing ph.d. in canada.

Did you know every year, Canada welcomes over 80,000 international students eager to dive into the world of cutting-edge research and pursue their PhD dreams? With world-renowned universities, groundbreaking innovation, and a supportive research environment, Canada has become a magnet for aspiring academics from around the globe.

But navigating the path to a Ph.D. in Canada can feel like trekking through an unfamiliar forest. Well, breathe easy, future Dr.! This comprehensive guide is your compass, ready to clear the path and lead you on a smooth journey to securing your PhD spot in Canada. Let’s begin!

The journey to a Ph.D. is about pushing boundaries, delving deep into your field, and making a splash in the world of knowledge. But where you choose to start on this exciting quest matters. Let's find out why Canada is your ideal destination for pursuing a PhD program.

Canada ranks 13th in the Global Innovation Index 2023 , boasting top-notch research facilities and a collaborative environment.
With 19 universities among the top 200 in QS World University Rankings 2024 , Canada boasts a stellar track record of producing research superstars.
With over $4 billion invested in health research annually , Canada offers generous funding opportunities for qualified PhD students.
Completing your PhD grants you valuable Canadian experience and opens doors to permanent residency , making it a strategic investment in your future career.
With a 12% job growth rate predicted for clinical research professionals, and competitive salaries averaging over $65,000 per year , Canada offers rewarding opportunities to put your expertise to work.

Explore: Is It Worth Moving to Canada from India?

Canada stands as a beacon for pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree, offering a diverse range of programs across various disciplines. Here's a comprehensive overview of PhD programs in the Great White North.

Canada is home to world-renowned institutions that offer exceptional Ph.D. programs across diverse disciplines. Here are the top 5 universities known for their excellence in research and academic prowess.

1. University of Toronto

As Canada's leading institution, the University of Toronto consistently ranks among the top global universities. With a robust commitment to research, it provides a conducive environment for pursuing a PhD across a multitude of fields.

2. University of British Columbia (UBC)

The University of British Columbia is acclaimed for its innovative research and academic excellence. Its picturesque Vancouver campus attracts scholars from around the world. UBC offers a wide range of PhD programs with a focus on interdisciplinary research.

3. McGill University

Situated in the vibrant city of Montreal, McGill University is renowned for its research-intensive programs. With a diverse and inclusive academic community, McGill provides an excellent platform for pursuing a PhD with global recognition.

4. McMaster University

McMaster is known for its strong emphasis on research and discovery. Located in Hamilton, Ontario, McMaster offers a collaborative environment for doctoral candidates, fostering innovation and critical thinking.

5. University of Montreal

The University of Montreal, a French-language institution, is a hub for cutting-edge research. With a strong emphasis on interdisciplinary studies, it offers a dynamic platform for pursuing a Ph.D. in a vibrant academic setting.

Pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Canada is a rewarding endeavor, but it requires meeting specific eligibility criteria and fulfilling admission requirements. Here's a breakdown of what aspiring PhD candidates need to consider.

Educational Qualifications: Candidates must hold a relevant master's degree from a recognized institution. Some programs may accept exceptional candidates with an outstanding bachelor's degree.
Research Proposal: A well-crafted research proposal outlining your intended area of study is often a crucial part of the application. This should highlight your research goals, methodology, and expected contributions to the field.
Academic Transcripts: Submit comprehensive academic transcripts from all previous institutions attended. These transcripts should demonstrate a strong academic record, particularly in relevant courses.
Letters of Recommendation (LOR) : Provide letters of recommendation from professors or professionals who can attest to your academic and research capabilities. These letters should emphasize your potential for successful doctoral research.
Language Proficiency: Demonstrate proficiency in English or French, depending on the language of instruction at your chosen institution. Most universities accept scores from language proficiency tests such as IELTS or TOEFL. (TOEFL - Overall 107/20, IELTS - Overall 7.5)
CV/Resume: Submit a detailed curriculum vitae (CV) or resume highlighting your academic achievements, research experience, publications, and any relevant work experience.
Statement of Purpose (SOP) : Craft a compelling Statement of Purpose detailing your motivation for pursuing a Ph.D., your research interests, and how the program aligns with your career goals.
Entrance Exams: While not universally required, some programs may mandate standardized entrance exams, such as the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or discipline-specific exams.
Portfolio of Research Work: If applicable, include a portfolio showcasing your previous research work, publications, or projects. This can strengthen your application and demonstrate your research capabilities.
Interview: Be prepared for an interview, either in-person or virtually, where you may discuss your research proposal, academic background, and motivation for pursuing a PhD.
Proof of Financial Support: Some institutions may require proof of financial support to ensure you can cover your tuition and living expenses throughout the duration of your PhD program.

Note: It's crucial to carefully review the specific requirements of the chosen university and PhD program, as these may vary.

Understanding the comprehensive cost of studying for a PhD in Canada enables international students to plan their finances effectively. Here's a breakdown of the financial considerations.

1. Tuition Fees

Tuition fees for Ph.D. programs in Canada vary by institution and program. On average, international students can expect to pay between 8,000 CAD to 16,000 CAD per year. This cost is influenced by factors such as the university's reputation and the field of study.

2. Living Expenses

The cost of living in Canada also varies based on the city and lifestyle. As a general estimate, international students should budget around 15,000 CAD to 20,000 CAD per year for accommodation, food, transportation, and other personal expenses.

Dive into: Top Jobs in Canada for Indian Freshers in 2023

3. Health Insurance

International students are required to have health insurance coverage in Canada. The cost of health insurance varies, and international students should budget approximately 600 CAD to 1,000 CAD per year for this mandatory expense.

4. Books and Supplies

Ph.D. programs often entail additional expenses for books, research materials, and supplies. International students should allocate around 1,000 CAD to 2,000 CAD annually for these academic resources.

5. Miscellaneous Fees

Institutions may charge miscellaneous fees covering services like access to recreational facilities, student unions, and other campus resources. This can range from 500 CAD to 1,000 CAD per year.

Canada offers a plethora of prestigious scholarships for international PhD students. Here are some notable options that can pave the way for your doctoral journey

1. Ontario Trillium Scholarship (Western University)

Administered by Western University, this scholarship provides substantial financial support for international PhD students, covering tuition and living expenses.

Scholarship Amount: 40,000 CAD/year, renewable for up to 4 years.

2. University of Alberta Graduate Entrance Scholarships

A one-time award for outstanding international PhD candidates entering the University of Alberta. While not renewable, it provides a significant boost to initial finances.

Scholarship Amount: 21,000 CAD, cannot be renewed.

3. Doctoral Scholarship at the University of Montreal

Designed for doctoral candidates at the University of Montreal, this scholarship offers financial assistance for the first year, with the option for renewal for a second year.

Scholarship Amount: 7,000 CAD, renewable once.

Also, read: Best PhD Scholarships for Indian Students Abroad

4. 4-Year Doctoral Fellowship - University of British Columbia

This prestigious fellowship at the University of British Columbia supports international Ph.D. students with a substantial stipend and full coverage of tuition fees throughout the 4-year program.

Scholarship Amount: 18,200 CAD (annual stipend), covers full tuition fees for up to 4 years.

5. Graduate Entrance Scholarship - University of Windsor

Awarded to exceptional international PhD candidates entering the University of Windsor, this scholarship provides financial support for the first year, with the possibility of renewal for three additional years.

Scholarship Amount: 7,500 CAD, renewable for up to 4 years.

Note: Before applying, ensure you thoroughly review the specific eligibility criteria, application requirements, and renewal conditions for each scholarship.

Job Opportunities after Pursuing Phd in Canada

Completing a Ph.D. in Canada not only signifies academic achievement but also opens doors to diverse and rewarding career opportunities. Here are some compelling job prospects for Ph.D. graduates in Canada.

Take off Your Dream Career in Canada with GetGIS

Starting a PhD journey in Canada is a transformative experience, offering academic excellence, diverse research opportunities, and a welcoming environment. Remember that thorough planning and guidance are essential for a successful academic and immigration journey. Navigating visa applications, work permits, and residency options can be complex. That's where GetGIS comes in.

GetGIS stands as a reliable partner in your quest for a seamless transition to Canada. Our dedicated team understands the nuances of the Canadian immigration landscape and is poised to guide you through every step. Don’t wait!

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Frequently Asked Questions

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Graduate studies in Canada

Transform your future with a graduate degree from a Canadian university. With a global reputation for education and research excellence, Canada is the ideal choice for your master’s degree, PhD or doctoral studies.

Canada is a global leader in research and innovation

Canadian universities conduct research at one of the world’s highest rates. Canada’s thriving research culture exceeds the G7 average in terms of impact in the fields of clinical medicine; biology; information and communication technologies; agriculture; fisheries and forestry; earth and environmental sciences; economics; and business.

To put it into context, Canadian universities conducted CAD 14.3 billion in research and development (R&D), representing 40% of the total 2017 Canadian R&D (Statistics Canada, Spending on Research and Development , 2020).

Canadians have a long, proud history of developing innovations that have changed the world, including the electric wheelchair, Canadarm space technology, IMAX film, Java programming language and wireless radio transmission.

We also have a long list of medical and scientific breakthroughs. Among them: insulin, the pacemaker, the HAART therapy treatment as HIV prevention, open heart surgery and transplantable stem cells. More recently, a Canadian PhD student made a groundbreaking cancer discovery at Queen’s University. Caitlin Miron discovered a chemical compound (DNA binder) that could ‘switch off’ cancers cells and prevent them from spreading (Global News, Canadian PhD student makes groundbreaking cancer discovery , 2017).

Why not add your name to the list? Our teaching and research programs offer endless possibilities for you to work with world-leading researchers in cutting-edge research laboratories.

Graduate program options

In virtually every field of academic study, Canadian universities offer graduate degree programs.

Master’s degrees require 1 or 2 years of study after completing your bachelor’s degree. In Canada, your master’s studies can include a thesis, practicum, research paper or a course‑based program.
PhD and doctoral degrees involve 3 to 5 years of study, including a thesis. This usually is pursued after completing your master’s degree. Your PhD path will include a dissertation that you prepare based on extensive and original research in your field.

Search colleges & universities

Canadian institutions offer both in-person master’s degrees and PhD programs as well as online or distance education options.

The case for higher education in Canada

Canada is seen as the #3 destination in the world for the quality of education we offer international students (U.S News & World Report, Best Countries for Education, 2021 ).
Graduate studies in Canada are affordable at an average cost of CAD 19,252 for a degree (Statistics Canada. Canadian and International tuition fees, 2020-2021 ).
A total of 26 Canadian universities feature in the QS World University Rankings 2021, an achievement matched only by a handful of other countries ( QS World University Rankings, 2021 ).

Cost of graduate studies in Canada

Your graduate studies are a smart career investment. Canada’s master’s and PhD programs are recognized around the globe, and our relatively lower cost of living makes the opportunity even more appealing to international students like you. Even Canada’s larger cities are more affordable than many cities around the world.

Graduate tuition fees in Canada can vary depending on the program and location you choose.

Study costs

Scholarships to study in Canada

You may be eligible for a scholarship, fellowship or grant to complete your postgraduate studies in Canada. The Government of Canada, our provinces and territories and many educational institutions offer funding for international students.

Find scholarships

Admission requirements and credits

Each university in Canada has its own admission requirements. To learn out about admission requirements for the program you want to pursue, visit the website of the university you would like to attend. Contact the university directly to determine whether your existing credits can be applied toward that program.

To study at a Canadian university, you must provide proof of your English or French language capabilities, depending on the language you choose for your studies.

English-language universities may require you to write a Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), International English Language Testing System (IELTS), Cambridge English Assessment or the Canadian Academic English Language Assessment (CAEL).
French-language universities assess students individually. To learn what a certain university requires, check with the Office of the Registrar at the school you wish to attend.

Keep exploring

5 steps to study in Canada

Explore the 5 key steps to follow to get ready to make Canada your study destination.

Common pathways to college and university

Canada's education system is flexible. Discover all the paths you can take to achieve your goals.

Top reasons to study in Canada

Discover the many reasons why international students choose to study in Canada.

Engineering

Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME)

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The PhD in Biomedical Engineering is a research-intensive program that immerses students in the application of biomedical sciences and engineering principles to advance solutions for challenges in human health. Students can be admitted to the PhD program through direct entry after completion of a bachelor’s degree or, alternatively, after the completion of a master’s degree. PhD students receive a guaranteed minimum stipend for four years.

Length of study

Four years (defined as the period for an academically well-prepared student to complete all program requirements while registered full-time).

Admission requirements

Entry into PhD program after completion of a bachelor’s degree (i.e., direct entry) : A four-year bachelor’s degree in engineering, medicine, dentistry, physical sciences, or biological sciences, or its equivalent , with an average of at least 3.7 on a 4.0 grade point average scale (i.e., A minus) in the final two years of study from a recognized university ; or
Entry into PhD program after completion of a master’s degree : A master’s degree in engineering, medicine, dentistry, physical sciences, or biological sciences, or its equivalent , with a cumulative average of at least 3.3 on a 4.0 grade point average scale (i.e., B plus) from a recognized university .
Proof of English-language proficiency is required for all applicants educated outside of Canada whose native language is not English. View the BME English-language requirement policy to determine whether you are required to take a language test and for a list of accepted testing agencies and their minimum scores required for admission.
Applicants must find a BME faculty supervisor. ( NB : You do not need a supervisor at the time of application. However, admission is competitive and only candidates who have found and secured a research supervisor will be admitted to begin graduate studies.)
MD/PhD candidates must apply through the MD program
Possession of the minimum requirements for entry does not guarantee admission
GRE score is not required

Application procedures

Complete the online application (see requirements ) and pay the application fee
Arrange for your English test score to be reported electronically to the University of Toronto by the testing agency if applicable. The institution code for U of T is 0982-00 (there is no need to specify a department)
Contact the BME Graduate Office to identify your BME faculty supervisor

Rolling admission; multiple rounds with different enrollment capacity in each cycle

Tuition fees

Last updated: January, 2022

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How to Study a PhD in Canada

Sabrina Collier

An increasingly attractive and multicultural study destination, Canada is a great option to consider for your PhD studies, offering a wealth of research opportunities to help you expand your expertise. More than a third of the country’s overall research is conducted at Canadian universities, and this work contributes billions to the country’s economy.

What are the admission requirements?

The requirements to study in Canada at doctorate level vary between universities and courses, but you generally need the following:

A master’s degree in a related field, with strong grades and proven research ability and potential.
Proof of language ability, depending on whether you study in English or French, if either language is not your first language and you haven’t previously studied in either language. (Some programs in French-speaking Quebec are conducted in both languages).
A strong score in a graduate admissions test such as the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) or the Graduate Record Examination (GRE).

In exceptional cases, you may be able to study a PhD with “accelerated admission” – that is, without a master’s degree. In this process, you’ll need to have outstanding grades in the last two years of your bachelor’s degree (a first-class average) and other demonstrations of your high academic potential, such as research publications.

How long are PhDs in Canada?

Most PhDs in Canada take about four to six years to complete.

How do I apply for a PhD in Canada?

Although the admissions process can vary between Canadian universities, you’ll generally need to follow the following steps to apply for a PhD:

1. Decide which PhD course you’d like to apply for , identifying your supervisor and chosen research topic. This may be an advertised, structured PhD in which the scope of the research is already outlined by the university (particularly in the sciences), or alternatively (particularly in arts and humanities) you could suggest and outline your own research project with an open PhD. Once you’ve found a supervisor, some universities may ask for a letter of support from your chosen supervisor to be included in your application documents.

2. If applying for an open PhD, you’ll need to submit a research proposal following the guidelines set by your university and generally outlining what you want to research, and why this is a worthwhile project.

3. Apply online, paying the appropriate application fee and attaching the necessary documents to your application. This could be all or some of the following:

Statement of purpose – this should outline your background and academic/professional experience, including any awards, publications or relevant experience you can offer. You should also discuss your career goals and anything else stipulated by the university, keeping to the word limit.
Two or three letters of reference (including one from your intended supervisor). Your referees should be academic, where possible.
Academic transcripts and degree certificates – Canadian universities may require that your university mails an official transcript, which should be in English or accompanied by a perfectly translated document.
Writing sample (most likely for arts and humanities PhDs)
Your Curriculum Vitae (CV)
Language test results, if needed
Portfolio of creative work (if applying for an arts/humanities PhD)

Some Canadian universities may also ask you to attend an admission interview .

4. Once accepted, the next step is to apply for your study permit , which acts as your student visa for your stay. You should also take out health insurance, and check your university’s website for orientation advice.

How much does it cost to study a PhD in Canada?

Tuition fees for a PhD in Canada vary between universities and courses, and will generally be around twice that of fees for Canadian students. An exception to this is the University of Toronto , where most international PhD students will pay the same tuition fees as domestic students, starting from fall 2018.

To give you an example of the cost of a PhD in Canada, the University of British Columbia charges CA$7,641 (~US$5,760) per year for Masters by Research or PhDs, while PhDs are CA$$10,240 (~US$7,700) in years one and two at the University of Manitoba .

What PhD scholarships and other funding opportunities are available?

Thankfully, many PhD scholarships are available to help make studying in Canada more affordable to international students, with many awards based on academic merit. The Canadian government runs a useful website with a search tool to find scholarships based on your country of origin. Other good places to look are the official websites of Canadian universities, which may provide their own scholarships search tool to help you find one relevant to your situation and country of origin.

Some examples of PhD scholarships to study in Canada include:

The Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships , which award CA$50,000 (~US$37,700) per year to highly-qualified international and home PhD students in the fields of social sciences and/or humanities, natural sciences and/or engineering and health.
The Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation doctoral scholarships , which at the time of writing is currently in the process of being reworked.
The University of British Columbia Four Year Doctoral Fellowship provides a stipend of at least CA$18,200 (~US$13,700) per year plus full tuition for outstanding international/home doctoral students for all four years of their studies.

Teaching/research assistantships

Many students also decide to fund their studies by taking part in a research or teaching assistantship – in these, you can work as a teaching or research assistant in exchange for a stipend and/or have your tuition fully or partially covered.

As a research assistant, you’ll work to help a faculty member (which may be your supervisor) by assisting with data collection, analysis, report writing, lab/office organization and other tasks. As a teaching assistant, you’ll support your department with its undergraduate programs, teaching one or more sections of the course, conducting laboratory sections, holding office hours and grading undergraduate papers. To become a teaching assistant, you’ll need to demonstrate your mastery of the course and ability to effectively facilitate students’ learning.

To apply for a research or teaching assistantship, you’ll need to check the information posted by your university and likely fill in an online application form.

Can I work in Canada part-time during my studies?

Yes, all full-time students with a valid study permit can work part-time on or off campus for up to 20 hours per week during university semesters and full time during semester breaks. However, some PhD courses may stipulate that you shouldn’t work for more than 10 hours per week during term time – particularly if you’ve been granted funding to study in Canada. It’s also important to consider that your PhD will take up a considerable amount of time and challenging work, so you might prefer to focus entirely on your studies. Also, it’s not advised to rely on part-time work to fund your living expenses. You’ll need a Social Insurance Number to work in Canada.

Can I stay and work in Canada after my PhD?

Yes – if you’d like to stay after graduation to find work in Canada, you can apply for the P ost-Graduation Work Permit Program (PGWPP) which allows you to stay and gain valuable work experience for a maximum of three years. And if you’re interested in becoming a permanent resident, this post-graduation work experience helps you to qualify to apply for permanent residency in Canada via Express Entry. Find out more here .

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This article was originally published in April 2017. It was updated in June 2018.

This article was originally published in June 2018 . It was last updated in January 2020

The former Assistant Editor of TopUniversities.com, Sabrina wrote and edited articles to guide students from around the world on a wide range of topics. She has a bachelor's degree in English Literature and Creative Writing from Aberystwyth University and grew up in Staffordshire, UK.

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PhD in Canada: ...

PhD in Canada: Requirements, Fees, & How to Apply?

Pursuing a PhD in Canada may be the perfect path if you're looking to take your education to the highest level. With world-class universities, brilliant experts, and affordable tuition, Canada has become a top destination for PhD students. In fact, PhD graduation rates have skyrocketed, with over 7,000 students earning their doctorate degrees each year since 2002.

But getting started on the road to a Canadian PhD can be tricky for international students. From aligning your research interests with the right program to navigating the admission process, it pays to have an insider guide. This step-by-step guide breaks down everything you need to know as an Indian student looking to earn your doctoral degree in Canada.

We’ll walk through how to choose the university and program that best fits your academic goals. Learn about available funding and scholarships to make a Canadian Ph.D. affordable. Get tips on acing your application, from tailoring your personal statement to shining in interviews. And see what life is really like as a PhD student in Canada’s vibrant, diverse university cities.

If you’re ready to take the next step in your academic journey, let this guide set you up for PhD success in Canada. Be sure to also check out Yocket Premium for more personalized assistance in getting admitted to your dream Canadian university!

Why Study PhD in Canada?

Before we can proceed further toward learning the Ph.D. requirements in Canada , let’s first understand why international students should choose to study Ph.D. in Canada .

Ideal for Research-Based Studies: Canada has been ranked the number 4 in the world for scientific research studies. Since PhD studies in Canada are more research-oriented, the country proves to be the ideal destination to pursue this type of study.
Offers In-Demand Ph.D. Programs: Universities in Canada for Ph.D . offers a range of in-demand Ph.D. programs. The most demanded programs from the list are Business Studies, Engineering, Computer Science, Education, and Health.
Provides Modern Technologies & Facilities: Canada has always been ahead when it came to enhancing its academic standards. The country uses modern technology to cater to the current needs of international students. Apart from this, all PhD-related research facilities retain the modern touch.
Home to QS Ranked Universities 2024: There are close to 10+ universities that offer PhD courses in Canada. These universities are ranked under the QS World Rankings 2024. Apart from this, these universities also stand high on the list of Nobel Prize Winners worldwide. The University of Toronto is one example.

Universities in Canada for PhD

PhD in Canada: Course Overview

Canada has been honored with 28 Nobel Prize awards . There is a strong reason why PhD courses in Canada are considered highly. Thus before we can move ahead, let’s give you a quick overview of the PhD studies in Canada.

Are you on your journey to study Ph.D. in Canada? Navigating through countless universities can be overwhelming, but fear not! Yocket's University Finder Tool is your compass to discovering the perfect academic destination tailored to your preferences. Say goodbye to information overload and hello to a personalized university search experience.

Admission Requirements to Study PhD in Canada

There are multiple PhD in Canada for Indian student requirements. Once these are checked, your application process will be conducted smoothly. This is the standard eligibility criteria for all PhD educational institutes in Canada:

A Masters Degree
Official Transcripts
Research Statement
Writing Sample
Letters of Recommendation
English Language Proficiency Test Scores

1. Masters Degree

International students need to submit a Master's Degree when applying for a Ph.D. program in this country. Most educational institutes expect a score of 80% .

2. Official Transcripts

Apart from the Master's degree certificates, international students need to submit all official transcripts of their previous educational qualifications such as a bachelor's degree, etc.

3. GPA scores

Submission of GPA scores is based on the universities you opt for. At the University of Toronto, they accept a GPA score of A-.

4. CV/Resume

Most universities encourage the submission of a CV /Resume. This is helpful for students who are academically weak or are unable to pass the university cut-offs.

5. Research Statement

Submission of a research statement helps experts understand your interest choice in a new or existing project. The research statement is 1500 words long and in essay form. Students can also include their choice of supervisor to work with during the PhD study period.

6. Writing Sample

A writing sample will help experts determine your skills related to how well you can submit a thesis, research paper, or article. The word limit is between 5000-10,000 based on your university choice.

7. Letters of Recommendation

As per the university choice, students need to submit 2-3 letters of recommendation from their previous educational tutors.

8. English Language Proficiency Test Scores

If your first language isn’t English, international students need to write and pass an English proficiency test. Here is the score list:

TOEFL - Overall 107/20
IELTS - Overall 7.5

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How to Apply for PhD in Canada?

Here is a quick overview of how to apply for a Ph.D. in Canada.

Step-1: Choose the project type, new or existing
Step-2: Find the ideal supervisor for your project
Step-3: Research for funding opportunities for your PhD studies
Step-4: Visit the university's official website to submit all related documents before the deadlines
Step-5: Attend Ph.D. interview if scheduled
Step-6: Apply for a study permit and PhD visa (electronic travel authorization).

: How to Apply for PhD in Canada?

Now that you’re aware of how to apply for a Ph.D. in Canada, let’s understand the Ph.D. in Canada in detail.

Cost of Studying PhD in Canada for Indian Students

PhD programs in Canada have a study duration of 4-6 years depending on the course program and university choice. The cost of studying PhD programs in Canada is divided into two categories:

Average Tuition Fees

Most PhD universities in Canada ask international students to conduct PhD fee payments either on an annual basis or per term. The average annual payment for PhD programs is CAD 4000 (INR 2,46,390) - CAD 8000 (INR 4,92,780)/year. On a per-term basis, the PhD fees in Canada ranges between CAD 2000 (INR 1,23,190) - CAD 8000 (INR 4,92,780) .

Cost of Living

The average cost of living in Canada for international students ranges between CAD 15,000 (INR 9,23,970) - CAD 20,000 (INR 12,31,960)/year based on lifestyle preferences and standard of living.

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List of Top Universities and Colleges that offer PhD Programs in Canada

Canada is home to prestigious universities that offers versatile and highly standard PhD programs for international students. In fact, there is a total of 98 PhD universities in Canada. We have covered the top ones below:

Top PhD Scholarships in Canada for International Students

While Canada has an affordable fees structure, for international students, the PhD fees in Canada move to a higher range. Luckily for the tight-budgeted students looking to pursue PhD programs, the PhD scholarships in Canada are available.

As you’ve witnessed Ph.D. fees in Canada for international students are covered by the PhD scholarships in Canada provided. So, what does the real world look like for PhD graduates?

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Job Opportunities after Pursuing PhD in Canada

PhD graduates have ample amount of opportunities once they’ve completed their study periods. Here are the top job profiles to consider:

PR In Canada After PhD

PhD students are now eligible to apply for PR (Permanent residency) in Canada. The criteria are as follows:

Applied for PR via a federal skilled work visa
Completed at least 2 years of study in the Ph.D. program
Holds a good academic recognition

Ph.D. graduates as well can apply for PR given that they have applied within one year of their graduation.

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Canada has always been a magnet for international students looking to pursue higher education in the country. Graduating after pursuing Ph.D. programs in Canada gives students higher leverage on their career choices and subject knowledge. Now that you have all the PhD requirements in Canada, it’s time to connect with Yocket Counsellors and apply for a PhD in Canada.

From the Desk of Yocket

In conclusion, pursuing a PhD in Canada offers a promising academic journey for international students, particularly from India. The country's robust education system, coupled with top-notch universities and affordable fees, has made it a prime choice. As the number of Ph.D. graduates continues to rise, this guide aims to simplify the complex process, providing a valuable resource for those navigating the intricacies of securing a doctoral position in Canada. Best of luck with your academic pursuit in the Great White North!

Need help with pursuing a PhD in Canada? Navigate the complexities with Yocket Premium ! Our comprehensive guidance covers the best universities, eligibility, requirements, fees, scholarships, and scope for your doctoral journey. Explore Yocket Premium for a seamless experience in planning and achieving your academic aspirations in Canada.

Frequently Asked Questions about Studying PhD in Canada

Is PhD in Canada worth it?

Yes, Pursuing a PhD in Canada is worth all the time, effort, and money as the country is home to bright PhD minds, well-ranked PhD educational institutes, and offers a range of PhD programs in Canada.

Is PhD in Canada for Indian students difficult?

The difficulty level depends on the students pursuing a PhD program. If an international student has sufficient money to survive their PhD program or opts for a funding opportunity, their study period will continue smoothly. PhD programs in Canada are research-oriented and will confidently create a better career path for PhD graduates.

Is PhD in Canada cost cheaper?

Yes, when compared to other countries such as the USA, Canada is relatively cheaper for PhD studies. Apart from this the country also offers multiple funding opportunities to support tightly budgeted students. To name a few are scholarships, assistantships, and fellowships.

Can PhD students work in Canada?

Yes, PhD students are allowed to work part-time for up to 20 hours a week. Once they graduate, they are eligible to live and work for up to 3 years in the country.

Can PhD in Canada for international students apply for PR?

Yes, PhD students are eligible to apply for PR in Canada. The country allows students who complete 2 years in a PhD program to apply for PR as well as graduate students who apply within a year of graduation.

Rohan Deshmukh

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Study in Canada /

PhD in Canada for Indian Students

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Jun 1, 2023

Home to cross-ethnic communities, lively city culture, and thriving businesses, Canada is a go-to place when it comes to overseas education. In addition to that, the world-renowned educational institutions and multifarious offered avenues of research establish Canada as a sought-after destination when it comes to PhD courses. From Science to Fine Arts, the country offers an immense number of opportunities for research scholars to explore. If you are looking to pursue your PhD in Canada at one of its leading universities , this blog will provide you with the key essentials from eligibility criteria to the application process.

This Blog Includes:

About phd in canada, why study phd in canada, top universities for studying phd in canada, cost of studying phd in canada, popular phd courses in canada, intakes for phd in canada , eligibility criteria, documents required , how to apply for phd in canada, cost of living in canada, phd in canada with scholarships, canadian student visa , post study work permit in canada, student life in canada, pr after study in canada, jobs and salary.

Scope of PhD in Canada

After earning your PhD in Canada, you have a variety of alternatives, ranging from teaching to conducting research with industrial giants. The occupations you pick or the research field you choose will be determined by the specialties of your project; as a result, the pay you will receive will vary depending on your choices.

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PhD in Canada: Universities, Fees, Programs

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Study PhD in Canada

All you need to know to start your phd degree in canada.

If you want to know why you should opt for studying PhD in Canada, check out our top insights on programs, universities, fees, requirements, admissions and more.

PhD degree is often required when you apply for high-level management jobs, government expert positions, and careers like a university professor, researcher, or scientist in many fields.

Why choose Canada?

In fact, more than a third of Canada’s overall research is conducted at its prestigious universities , which makes the country attractive in terms of facilities availability and work prospects for graduates. Apart from the fact that Canadian Institutions are known for providing consistently high-quality education , Canada offers :

Internationally recognised degrees.
Globally competitive state-of-the-art facilities.
High graduate employability rates.
Post-study work options as you can stay and work for up to 3 years.
Culturally diverse experience for international students.
Low cost of living & tuition fees compared to English-speaking countries.
High quality of life & high living standards.
One of the world’s most peaceful countries.

Top PhD programs in Canada

PhD degrees in Canada are offered in a wide range of studies , including natural sciences, arts, and technical fields:

Engineering
Biological sciences
Mathematics
Political sciences
Anthropology

How many years does it take to study PhD in Canada?

Programs in the universities of Canada are mostly research thesis-based, and last for 4 to 6 years. Generally, Canadian doctorate programs have more in common with the UK than the neighbouring USA. Unlike the American programs which begin with 1 or 2 years of taught classes and examinations before defining a thesis topic, the Canadian PhD program is often more research focused.

How much does it cost to do PhD in Canada?

There are many scholarships dedicated for PhD programs at the universities of Canada. But generally speaking, the cost of PhDs in Canada varies between CAD 8,000 to 20,000 annually depending on the program, specialisation and the university.

Check out more on the cost of study and living in Canada

How to choose the right university in Canada?

There are several higher education institutions, colleges, and universities in Canada that award internationally accredited PhD degrees. To choose the perfect place for your study, you need to consider some important factors, such as:

Program availability
University ranking
Faculty and staff reputation
Research facilities
Scholarships and funding options offered by the university
Graduate employability rate
Tuition fees

PhD requirements in Canada

PhD admission requirements in Canada vary based on the university and the field of study. But in general, most universities in the country require the below from international students applying for PhD degree there:

Completed application form
Accredited master’s degree in a related field with strong grades and proven research ability and potential
Transcripts for your university degree or courses
Statement of Purpose
GMAT or GRE scores
Recommendation letters
English language test, such as IELTS or TOEFL
Application fee

Can I work while doing PhD in Canada?

You can work in Canada as an international PhD student for as long as you’ve a valid study permit for your PhD degree. Furthermore, doctorate graduates in Canada can enjoy one of the world’s most generous post-study work visa schemes upon graduating. The Post-Graduation Work Permit ( PGWP ) allows you to live and work in Canada after graduation for up to 3 years.

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PhD completion rates and times to completion in Canada

Elusive data from the U-15 published exclusively by University Affairs.

Our feature, “ The PhD is in need of revision ” (the cover story for the March 2013 print edition of University Affairs and published online Feb. 6), has garnered much attention, quickly becoming the most read article of the past week and receiving loads of comments.

What was not immediately obvious about the story is that the article contains exclusive data not publicly available elsewhere on the completion rates and times to completion of PhD students in Canada. The data are not comprehensive – they’re from only eight of the 15 most research-intensive universities for which there are comparable data, and none of the institutions were identified. Nevertheless, it’s a start.

The data show that the proportion of students who successfully completed their PhDs within nine years ranged from a high of 78.3 percent in the health sciences to a low of 55.8 percent in the humanities (see graph below). Mean times-to-completion ranged from a low of just under 15 terms – or five years, based on three terms per year – in the physical sciences and engineering, to a high of 18.25 terms, or just over six years, in the humanities.

The data were provided by the group known as the U-15 , whose executive director is Suzanne Corbeil . We first requested the information about a year ago and there was quite a bit of back-and-forth with the group before they agreed to share it with us, for which we are grateful. If we hadn’t gotten the data, we were planning to use 10-year-old data which we had published, also exclusively, back in February 2003.

I point this all out because it demonstrates well the difficulty of getting good data about Canada’s universities and the university sector in general, which I think hinders good policy development and analysis. I don’t blame the U-15; they politely reminded us that they are not primarily a data-gathering organization and that their data is usually collected for sharing internally. Statistics Canada is the obvious organization where one would expect to get this type of information, but they have actually cut back on some of their data gathering, most notably their discontinuation in May 2012 of the University and College Academic Staff System , the most complete and reliable source of information in Canada on university faculty.

On a more positive note, I’m pleased to point out the “PhD is in need of revision” story as an example of some of the excellent reporting we’ve had recently in University Affairs . The article’s author, Rosanna Tamburri, is an award-winning journalist and regular contributor to University Affairs whom we rely on greatly and hold in high regard. She’s also the author of “ All about MOOCs ,” which has quickly risen after just three months of publication to the third-most-read article of all time on our website.

I’d also point to our “ Sessionals, up close ” article by Moira MacDonald as another example of University Affairs setting the agenda. And, I’d be remiss not to acknowledge the great insight and commentary from my fellow bloggers: Melonie Fullick at Speculative Diction , Jo VanEvery and Liz Koblyk at Careers Café , David Kent and Jonathan Thon at The Black Hole , and Margo Fryer at Taking the Plunge.

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Just another reason for government funding to be tied to (gasp!) results. Maybe then there would be more accountability for 20% and upwards failing to complete within 9 years! Universities would either get their students through or not take them on so liberally.

Government funding and accountability are not the only issue. It took me 10 years to get my degree. Because funding ended, after 4 years, and because I am not independently wealthy, i had to get a job, gasp! I also had a child, gasp! Finishing a PhD, on a part time basis takes time. No i could not finish in 4 years. Funding rules require an Ontario student to spend the first 2 years on campus. I was doing a field research degree, in which the research was conducted outside of Canada. Once in the field, I needed to learn a non-European language to conduct the field work. No there were no lessons to be had in canada in this language. It was in the 5th year that I began to write and to work.

Grad students do not sit in the ivory tower, they are often working full time, raising a family and working on the thesis. I finished because my family left me to work on weekends and holidays and, for the final 6 months took on debt and was willing to forego income and my time to allow me to finish. Many students don’t have that luxury.

I completed my PhD at OISE/UT (1989) in 3.5 years and actually wrote my thesis in three months and twenty days. I received my degree during this period of 3.5 years. I also received an award for the thesis. Indeed, it is possible to complete a thesis in four years if one focuses on it thoroughly. One needs to come mentally prepared with a wide knowledge base, previous background in the specific field, and be a good writer.

Life is short and time has become accelerated in the twenty-first century. There is no reason to take ten years to complete unless there are serious extenuating circumstances.

Yes, but Shehla, education PhDs are notorious for being shorter and less rigorous than other PhDs.

A good Ph.d takes about 6 to 7 years to complete. Most schools will have two years of rigorous course work, one year of comps, one year to write and defend your proposal, one year to collect data and one year to write and defend (two is data collection goes bad). This is what a good Ph.d is otherwise we run the risk of going the U.K. adn Australian 3 year water down Ph.D.

can you take as much time as you need to complete a Phd? like over 12 years?

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Sara Saunders: Training Quebec’s next generation of occupational therapists 

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Part of our series: FMHS community members from away – The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS) is made up of diverse communities, including people from across Canada and around the world. This series recognizes those from outside the province who have chosen to bring their talents and expertise to McGill University. Thank you for all that you contribute!

A bilingual New Brunswicker, Sara Saunders, PhD, OT, Director of the Occupational Therapy Program in the School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (SPOT), has been in Montreal for 17 years. We caught up with her to hear about what she loves about living here, the new profile of OT student at McGill and her advice for those coming to work and study from out of province.

Can you tell us how long you’ve been in Montreal and how you ended up moving here?  

I’m from Moncton and I was a clinician — part of the old guard with a bachelor’s degree in OT – and in 2006 I decided I wanted to do a master’s degree, which quickly turned into a PhD. I became very involved at SPOT and started TA-ing and then teaching courses. After becoming a faculty lecturer, I then became the associate director of the program and now the director. It was an unexpected career change. 

How did you end up choosing to come to Montreal and to McGill?  

Being from New Brunswick, my partner – who is Acadian – and I would come to Montreal all the time when we were young. We’d come for a weekend and go see a show. We always loved spending time here. I think my choice to go back to school was 50/50 wanting to do a master’s but also a reason to live in Montreal. I didn’t apply anywhere else, just McGill.  

How was your French before you arrived?   

It was good. I did French immersion, which is especially good in Moncton because you’re taught by Acadians. So I felt very confident in my French and I considered myself completely bilingual.  

We go back to New Brunswick all the time and my whole family on my partner’s side is francophone, so I’ve always spoken a lot of French in my personal life and I use it most days in my daily life in Montreal. Many of my leisure activities involve French. And then, of course, my job in the broader Quebec environment involves speaking with leaders of other programs and government officials, and our Quebec Order of Occupational Therapists. I’m very thankful that I’m able to function and communicate. 

  What do you love about living here?  

Montreal is just such a fabulous place, I just love everything about it. When I was younger, I loved the festivals, the music scene, the arts scene, the Nuit Blanche. The culture here is so vibrant. It’s a tight, supportive environment. This city invests in its neighbourhoods, in people going out and spending time together. I live in the Mile End which is so densely packed that I can walk within a kilometere radius and have everything that I need. The quality of life here is very, very high.   

Have there been any challenges?   

As I said, in New Brunswick, I would confidently say I’m bilingual. And then I came here, and felt immediately labelled as an anglophone. I feel like my confidence in my French was affected. I had to start taking French classes here because of that, even though I was working as a clinician, in French, when I first moved here. It’s even more frustrating for my partner because people tend to find his Acadian accent cute, but also very confusing. They’ll say to him, ‘Wow, your French is so good.’  ‘Yeah, I’m a francophone!’  

Can you share a little bit about how you contribute to Quebec society through your work at McGill, and if that has evolved over the years.   

My contribution is that I run a program that trains occupational therapists in Quebec. What’s interesting is that when I first started in this role, historically we invited people from everywhere to come to Quebec to train to be an occupational therapist. In the last four years or so we have had to shift our admissions and we put into place – along with a lot of the other health professions programs within our Faculty – a French language requirement. Because, though we do want to invite everyone to come, the reality of living and studying in Quebec is that you do need to be able to function in French when you’re out in the healthcare system. This has changed the type of person applying to the program. We’re attracting more Quebec applicants along with a smaller number of bilingual people from out of province. 

  Do you have any advice for people who decide to come to McGill to work or study from other provinces?  

I would encourage them to take full advantage of living here and to invest in learning French. So if you’re ready to come and embrace the fact that this is a bilingual city in a French-speaking province, come and do it. It’s a great opportunity. And we do have lots of supports already within McGill, such as the Dialogue McGill project that offers courses and training to support people to learn French. 

  Anything you’d like to add?  

My experience here in Montreal has been very, very positive. I’ve been here for 17 years and I don’t have any plans for leaving anytime soon. I’m happy to have my career here and I love being here. I just wish the government wouldn’t make it so hard for me to be here.  

People from other provinces could come and fall in love with Quebec and stay and contribute to society. There’s place for everybody here. From my perspective, we’re already doing what Quebec would like for us to be doing: we’re training bilingual therapists. 

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RIT graduate pursues Ph.D. across time zones

Nastaran Nagshineh is shown with other faculty in a small room where she defended her thesis.

Nastaran Nagshineh, center, defended her Ph.D. thesis at RIT in April. Faculty from RIT’s Rochester and Dubai campuses served on her thesis committee and include, from left to right, Kathleen Lamkin-Kennard, Steven Weinstein, Nathaniel Barlow, and David Kofke (a professor at the University at Buffalo). Mohamed Samaha participated remotely and appears on the video screen behind the group and alongside Nagshineh’s picture.

Nastaran Nagshineh is one of the first Ph.D. candidates to bridge RIT’s Rochester and Dubai campuses. Her accomplishment creates a path for future students at the university’s international campuses.

Nagshineh completed her Ph.D. in mathematical modeling while working full time as a mathematics lecturer at RIT Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, teaching as many as five classes a semester. She described her Ph.D. journey as “an exercise in perseverance” due to competing demands and long days. Rochester is eight hours behind Dubai, and the time difference meant many late-night classes and meetings.

“I saw this collaboration as an opportunity, rather than as a challenge, because my primary adviser, Dr. Steven Weinstein (RIT professor of chemical engineering), and my co-adviser, Dr. Mohamed Samaha (RIT Dubai associate professor of mechanical engineering), both have the same area of research interest,” she said. “They both worked toward my success.”

Nagshineh is one of 67 RIT Ph.D. students who defended their thesis this academic year and who will earn their doctorate. RIT awarded 63 Ph.D. degrees in 2023.

In 2020-2021, RIT’s Graduate School met and surpassed the university’s goal of conferring 50 Ph.D. degrees during an academic year. That number will continue to grow as students cycle through the seven new Ph.D. programs that RIT has added since 2017, said Diane Slusarski , dean of RIT’s Graduate School.

Meeting these goals puts RIT on a path toward achieving an “R1,” or research-intensive designation, from the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Learning. RIT is currently ranked as an R2 institution . Many factors go into changing a university’s status, including research investment and maintaining a three-year average of 70 Ph.D. degrees awarded per year, according to Slusarski.

“We have met the goals of the strategic plan, and now we look forward to contributing to the research innovation in the future,” Slusarski said. “We want to help the new programs thrive and win national research awards.”

RIT’s emphasis on high-level research is seen in Nagshineh’s Ph.D. work. She applies mathematical modeling to the field of fluid dynamics. Her research has been published in top-tier journals and has gained notice, said Weinstein, her thesis adviser.

Weinstein describes Nagshineh’s accomplishments as “a testament to a fantastic work ethic and commitment” and is inspirational to younger students at Rochester and Dubai.

“The collaboration between RIT Dubai/Rochester has continued,” he said. “Another paper was submitted a few weeks ago with Mohamed Samaha and Nate Barlow (RIT associate professor in the School of Mathematics and Statistics) as co-authors, as well as Cade Reinberger, a younger Ph.D. student in my research group.”

Mathematical modeling is one of RIT’s newer Ph.D. degree programs, and Nagshineh is among its earliest graduates. The program has doubled in size since it began accepting students in 2017, Slusarski said. This past fall, the mathematical modeling program had 35 students, with two graduating this year.

Altogether, RIT has 13 Ph.D. degree programs currently enrolling 438 students, with computing and information sciences accounting for the largest with 117 students. RIT’s other Ph.D. programs include astrophysical sciences and technology , biomedical and chemical engineering , business administration , color science , electrical and computer engineering, imaging science , mechanical and industrial engineering , microsystems engineering , and sustainability .

New programs in cognitive science and physics will launch in the fall.

The growth in RIT graduate education—with more than 3,000 master’s and doctoral students—reflects a demographic change in the student population, Slusarski said. “We have a higher percentage of women in the graduate programs than we have for RIT undergraduate programs.”

RIT’s graduate programs enroll 42 percent women, according to Christie Leone , assistant dean for the Graduate School.

Nagshineh, who also holds an MS in electrical engineering from RIT Dubai, welcomes her role as a mentor to other women students on both campuses.

“As a young woman in an Arabic country, the power of women is often underestimated and undervalued, and I hope to serve as a role model to female students, especially those that question their path,” Nagshineh said.

She plans to continue in her career as a professor and a researcher. “I would like to pursue a research program where I can advise my own students and teach them more deeply.”

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Long-billed Curlew

The Long-billed curlew is a large, long-legged shorebird with a very long, decurved bill. Body plumage is rich buff throughout tinged with cinnamon or pink, and with upperparts streaked and barred with dark brown; underwing-lining contrasting cinnamon, and upper surface of remiges contrasting orange-brown. Sexes similar in appearance, but female averages larger with longer bill than male. Juvenile distinguished from adult by wing-coverts, which have dark-brown centers but lack dark-brown barring and pale notches. Juvenal tertials also more brightly marked than in adult, with darker, wider central stripes and cinnamon-buff versus grayish-buff ground color; underparts may also be less prominently streaked than in adults, and bill distinctly shorter, especially in newly fledged birds.

References cited in Species Profile

Allen, J. N. 1980. The ecology and behavior of the Long-billed Curlew in southeastern Washington. Wildl. Monogr. 73:1-67.
Boland, J. M. 1988. Ecology of North American shorebirds: latitudinal distributions, community structure structure Something temporarily or permanently constructed, built, or placed; and constructed of natural or manufactured parts including, but not limited to, a building, shed, cabin, porch, bridge, walkway, stair steps, sign, landing, platform, dock, rack, fence, telecommunication device, antennae, fish cleaning table, satellite dish/mount, or well head. Learn more about structure , foraging behaviors, and interspecific competition. Phd Thesis. Univ. of California, Los Angeles.
Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J. M. Cooper, and G. W. Kaiser. 1990.The birds of British Columbia, Vol. 2: diurnal birds of prey through woodpeckers. R. Br. Columbia Mus. Victoria.
Chandler, R. J. 1989. North Atlantic shorebirds. Facts on File, New York.
Dugger, Bruce D. and Katie M. Dugger. 2002. Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/628
Fellows, S. D., and S. L. Jones. 2009. Status assessment and conservation action plan for the Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus). U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Technical Publication, FWS/BTP-R6012- 2009, Washington, D.C.
Hooper, T. D. and M. D. Pitt. 1996. Breeding bird communities and habitat associations in the grasslands of the Chilocotin region, British Columbia. Canada-British Columbia Partnership Agreement on Forest Resource Development: FRDA II.
Jenni, D. A., R. L. Redmond, and T. K. Bicak. 1981. Behavioral ecology and habitat relationships of Long-billed Curlew in western Idaho. Dep. Int. Bur. Land Manage. Boise District, Idaho.
King, R. 1978. Habitat use and related behaviors of breeding Long-billed Curlews.Master's Thesis. Colorado State Univ. Fort Collins.
Pampush, G. J. 1980. Status report on the Long-billed Curlew in the Columbia and Northern Great Basins. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Portland, OR.
Pampush, G. J. and R. G. Anthony. 1993. Nest success, habitat utilization and nest-site selection of Long-billed Curlews in the Columbia Basin, Oregon. Condor 95:957-967.
Paulson, D. 1993. Shorebirds of the Pacific Northwest. Univ. of Washington Press, Seattle.
Sibley, D. A. 2000. The Sibley guide to birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
Skagen, S. K. and F. L. Knopf. 1993. Toward conservation of mid-continental shorebird migration. Conserv. Biol. 7:533-541.
Wolfe, L. R. 1931. The breeding Limicolae of Utah. Condor 33:49-59.

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Location in taxonomic tree, identification numbers.

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PhD Study in Canada
PhD Study in Canada - 2024. Canada is home to some of North America's most historic and globally renowned research universities. Its cosmopolitan society also make it a popular home for thousands of international PhD students. The number of people studying abroad in Canada has risen by almost 30% in recent years. It's not hard to see why!
Study PhD In Canada: The Ultimate Guide
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The data show that the proportion of students who successfully completed their PhDs within nine years ranged from a high of 78.3 percent in the health sciences to a low of 55.8 percent in the humanities (see graph below). Mean times-to-completion ranged from a low of just under 15 terms - or five years, based on three terms per year - in ...
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RIT graduate pursues Ph.D. across time zones
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Long-billed Curlew
The Long-billed curlew is a large, long-legged shorebird with a very long, decurved bill. Body plumage is rich buff throughout tinged with cinnamon or pink, and with upperparts streaked and barred with dark brown; underwing-lining contrasting cinnamon, and upper surface of remiges contrasting orange-brown. Sexes similar in appearance, but female averages larger with longer bill than male.

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Top-Tier Universities in Canada For PhD

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5. University of Waterloo

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