how to make a homework machine

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How To Make DIY Pen Plotter / Homework Writing Machine at Home

This Drawing Robot/Pen Plotter/Drawing Machine is similar to the commercially available AxiDraw. It is powered by an Arduino Uno controller, uses a CNC Shield, and GRBL firmware.

The cost to build the Drawing Robot is between $75 and $100 depending on where you buy your parts and whether you already own some of the parts such as the Arduino.

Parts and Materials Required

• 2 x Nema 17 Stepper Motors
• 2 x Linear Rod M8 x 450mm for X Axis
• 2 x Linear Rod M8 x 350mm for Y Axis
• 2 x Linear Rod 3mm for Z Axis (you can get it from old CDROM)
• 1 x Threaded Rod M8 x 480mm
• 8 x LM8UU Bearings
• 1 x Servo Sg90
• 1 x Spring 5m (from ball point pen)
• 2 x GT2 Pulley, 16 teeth
• 5 x Bearing 624zz
• 1 x 2000mm GT2 belt
• 1 x Arduino Uno
• 1 x CNC Shield
• 2 x A4988 Stepper driver with heatsink
• 6 x Jumpers
• 1 x 12V 2A Power Supply
• 4 x 5/16in-18
• 13 x Phillips M3-0.5 x 16mm
• 4 x Phillips M3-0.5 x 6mm
• 5 x Phillips M4-0.7x 35mm
• 1 x Hex M3-0.5 x 20mm
• 4 x 5/16in washer
• 4 x M3 washers

3D Printing

• Download the files from Thingiverse
• Open the 3D models in Cura or any other slicer(Sli3er, Simplify 3D, etc.)
• Use 75% infill on all the parts (An infill of 70 – 100% will work as well)
• Printed all the parts with 0.10 – 0.20 mm layer height
• Printed with Hatchbox Red PLA
• Use supports on the Penholder, Slider, X_Support_L and the X_Support_R

Note: The longest part took around 9hrs and the shortest took 30 minutes to print

3D Printed Parts

Cut your Linear Rods

Use a measuring tape and sharpie to mark the spots where the rods need to be cut

• Use a vise to hold the rods in place when you cut them
• Remember that you need (2) 350mm and (2) 450mm long linear rods
• On the threaded rod, mark your cutting point at 470mm

Assemble the X-Axis (Linear/Threaded Rods)

Take the (2) 450mm linear rods and insert them into either x-support part

• Use may need to use a round file to smooth out the holes that you insert them in
• Also, you can use a rubber mallet to help insert the rods

Now take the threaded rod and insert it in the hole below. Feed a 5/16in washer and 5/16in nut on both sides of the x-support part

Assemble the X-Axis (Bearings)

Now you want to push the LM8UU bearings into their place on the top and bottom clamshell (The top and bottom clamshell take (4) bearings each)

Take (4) 624zz bearings and push them through the 3D-printed idler pulleys. Leave the 5th bearing for later when you assemble the Y-axis

Assemble the X-Axis (Carriage)

• Get (4) M3-0.5 x 20mm screws, (4) M3 nuts, (4) M3 washers and (4) 624zz bearings with the idler pulleys installed
• Take one screw and feed a washer through it, the washer will rest on the bearing. The nut will be at the bottom of the carriage, which will secure the bearing in place

Assemble the X-Axis (X-Support)

• Slide the clamshell through the 450mm (X-axis) linear rods
• Use a rubber mallet again to attach the last X-support on the linear rods
• Make sure that the rods stick out equally on both sides
• Slide the other end of the threaded rod through the hole on the X-support
• Put on the last set of nuts and washers to hold the X-support in place
• Now that the X-axis is complete, you can use (2) Phillips M3-0.5 x 16mm screws per X-support to help keep the linear rods from sliding

Assemble the X-Axis (Stepper Motors)

• Use an appropriate sized allen wrench to attach the 16 teeth pulleys on the stepper motor shafts
• Flipping the entire chassis around will make it easier to attach the stepper motors
• Use (8) M3-0.5 x 6mm screws and a Phillips screwdriver to attach the (2) stepper motors

Assemble the Y-Axis (Clamshell)

(Optional if you have problems keeping belt on bearings)

• Grab (4) M4-0.5 x 35mm screws and (4) M4 nuts
• Make sure that you have the (4) idler pulleys ( Download from Thingiversa ) and the (4) washers printed
• Insert the washers in between the two clamshells, with a screw in between
• Screw the top and bottom clamshells together

Assemble the Y-Axis (Y- Back/Front)

• Take the (2) 350mm linear rods and insert them the Y-back piece by using a rubber mallet
• Get (1) M4-0.5 x 35 screw, (1) M4 nut and the 5th 624zz bearing
• Get (2) M3-0.5 x 16 screws to secure the linear rods
• Slide in the bearing when inserting the screw through the Y-back piece
• Slide the the linear rods/Y-back piece through the LM8UU bearings and attach the Y-front piece using a rubber mallet

Assemble the X-Y Axis (Belt)

• Use a pair of needle nose pliers to help guide the GT2 belt more easily through the clamshell
• Take the two ends of the belt and slide them through the “teeth” on the Base Slider
• The belt should be tight and not loose
• Note that once the GT2 belt is on, it is normal for the clamshell not to move easily

Belt Diagram

Assemble the Z-Axis

• Get (2) 3mm linear rods and the following 3D printed parts (Slider, Pen Holder, Base Slide, 3MM Metric Thumb Screw)
• Get (1) Hex M3-0.5 x 20mm screw and the Metric Thumb Screw and push them together. Use superglue to keep it together.
• Get (3) M3-0.5 x 16mm screws which you will use the secure the Base Slide to the Y-Front part. You may need to use (3) M3-0.5 nuts in order to hold it in place
• Push the Slider and Pen Holder together to make one piece
• Now take that new part and the (2) 3mm linear rods and slide the rods through the holes. Place a small spring in between the two parts so there is a little bit of pressure to lift the Slider. You may need to cut the spring a bit until there is an adequate amount of pressure on the slider.

Step By Step Video

The Original Instructions by Henry Arnold Jonathan K

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12 thoughts on “ How To Make DIY Pen Plotter / Homework Writing Machine at Home ”

i constructed all the machine but when i press X+ the both X and Y axis are moving what is the problem

double check the steppers wiring

Have you solved it? I have the same problem with my machine, when I press X+, it’s necessary both motors move at same time, but, only one of them move…

Did you solve this problem?

Same problem how to solve ,?

Is it true that you didn’t use the microswitches in the final design?

Hello how to co figurę this machine to RUN on GRBL. What I mean is that GRBL interprets commands for x axis and y axis independently and if I look on your belt diagram it looks like both Motors have to run at the same time in order to move the carriage along y axis… How did you do that?

Have you solved it?

Thank you, thank you. It’s a very good built.

Is it possible to modify it to draw using brush ang oil based paint ?

Could you please tell what software/plug in and which version do you use to generate g-code for this machine?

Hello, what is the width of your belt? 6mm or 10mm? Thanks!

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Homework Writing Machine with Arduino and Servo Motor

Homework writing machine is an auto writing machine through which you can make your your work easy by programing your project. As per the title this is a simple project using Arduino to make Homework writing machine at your home.This machine can draw any design and write any type of fonts.You can see sharpness and perfection of writing in photos. The machine uses a gantry to move the writing tip along the X and Y axes. The flexible-nib pen is mounted on a servo motor which rotates the tip onto the writing surface, taking care of the third axis.

Mechanical Kit will be shipped to you and you can learn and build using tutorials. You can start for free today!

1. 3D Printer

2. Automobile Prototyping

3. CNC Machine using Arduino

4. Project Management with Primavera

Homework writing machine project description:

• Servo Motor: A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration.It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback. It also requires a relatively sophisticated controller, often a dedicated module designed specifically for use with servomotors. 1 threaded rod
• Wood: Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression.

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• Arduno uno: Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical and digital world. The project's products are distributed as open-source hardware and software, which are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL),permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form, or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.
• Grbl shield: =The Arduino grblShield is a complete hardware solution for Dank's CNC motion control system called grbl. Compatible with the Uno and other 328p versions of the Arduino development platform. (Note: grbl 0.6 is not compatible with 168-based Arduinos (nor will it ever be), and currently grbl does not support the Arduino Megas).
• Driver motors : = motor driver is a little current amplifier; the function of motor drivers is to take a low-current control signal and then turn it into a higher-current signal that can drive a motor.
• 9 gram servo : = A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration.[1] It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback. It also requires a relatively sophisticated controller, often a dedicated module designed specifically for use with servomotors. Benbox software

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• Arduino uno
• Servo Motor
• Grbl shield
• Driver motors
• Benbox software

Homework Writing Machine

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HOW TO MAKE HOMEWORK WRITING MACHINE

Homework writing machine is automatic writing machine use for the typing any type of text and drawing any design on paper.  Homework writing machine  is working like a CNC machine. This Machine is working on 3 axis (X, Y, Z).  This three axis motion is given by stepper  motor and servo motor. In this blog I show you how to make homework writing machine at home step by step process guide. If you have any problem than comment at last.

First see our video post on YouTube channel so you can easily understand full blog. If you like our video than subscribe our YouTube channel  creativity buzz .

TOOLS TO BE USED:-

• Drill machine
• Screw Driver
• Computer / Laptop

MATERIAL TO BE USED:-

• 2 PCs Ne-ma 17 Stepper motor
• Arduino Uno R 3
• Expansion Board  A 4988 Driver
• Mg 90 S Metal Gear Servo
• 12 v to 36 v DC Cell or battery

SOFTWARE FOR WRITING:-

Ben-box Download : https://goo.gl/XJNEny

STEP : 1 HOMEWORK WRITING MACHINE

STEP : 2 WOODEN FRAME MAKING

Take piece of wooden ply and make frame for X and Y axis  gantry. As per above picture cut and drilled wooden ply and stick together with the help of glue gun.

STEP : 3 MAKING X- AXIS GANTRY

insert the stepper motor in the hole of wooden frame. As per above picture insert screw and pencil inside the hole. This screw is provide the sliding movement to pen so we can draw anything with the help of this machine.

STEP : 4 STICK X AND Y GANTRY TOGETHER

We need to make two same gantry X and Y. Now Stick X gantry to Y gantry as per above picture. After that your machine is ready to work in XY horizontal surface.

Now we require to make z axis for pen movement.  This was done by servo motor.

STEP : 5 CONNECT SERVO MOTOR

Take glue gun and apply on X axis gantry as per picture. Stick servo motor on X axis gantry as per Picture (Shaft of servo motor should be outside).

STEP : 6 FLEXIBLE NIB-PEN MAKING

To make z axis we need that pen must be flexible to up and down.

• Open your pen
• Cut top end of refill(1 cm)
• Take spring of any other pen
• Mount this Spring on top end of refill(As Per Pic.)
• Take some length of sewing thread and bind this thread on refill(As Per Pic.)
• Make hole on pen case and close this pen as per last pic

STEP : 7 CONNECT PEN

Take glue gun and apply on servo motor bigger side of shaft. The flexible-nib pen is mounted on a servo motor which rotates the tip onto the writing surface. Bind Thread on servo motor shaft as per pic.

STEP : 8 TAKE ALL CIRCUIT

Stepper Motor Driver connect on Expansion Board A 4988 Driver module. Then this combination connect on Arduino Uno R 3 (As per circuit Diagram).

STEP : 9 WIRING

• Place 12 Volt DC Battery on Back side of XY axis Gantry.
• Place Combination of all circuit (2 PCs  Stepper Motor Driver with heat sink , Expansion Board A4988 Driver , Arduino Uno R3) On Back side of this 12 volt battery
• Connect 12 volt dc battery as positive(+) and negative(-) connector.
• Attach X and Y axes Stepper motor on Expansion Board A4988 Driver as per circuit diagram.
• Connect servo motor as per circuit diagram.

STEP : 10 BEN-BOX SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION

Download ben box software on your computer and connect this with USB connector.

• Open Software
• Connect USB Plug
• On Update Firmware select COM (3,4 OR 5). and browse firmware from downloaded software
• Select all Value of software as per all pic
• #FIRST PAGE
• Serial Port : COM(3,4 or 5)
• Pen Up : 35
• Pen Down : 22
• Speed : 800(you can increase)
• Curve mode : Outline
• Select bullet : Curve
• Select bullet : Servo
• #SECOND PAGE
• Step : x=2 y=3
• Dir : x=5 y=6
• Min : x=-1 y=-1
• Max : x=-1 y=-1
• Ppm : x=320 y=320
• laser : 0=12 1=12
• Servo : 0=11 0=12
• Feed Ra. : 1500

Write anything on Screen And Play to write on book.

STEP : 11 ENJOY HOMEWORK WRITING MACHINE

Now your machine is ready to work. If you like our work then share with your friend. For any doubt comment it below.

if you are looking for this type of creative  science fair projects  ideas for your school then go to creativity buzz youtube channel.

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Homework Machine

A machine that writes stuff for you- in your own handwriting- so you don't have to!

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Description

• Components 0
• Instructions 0
• Discussion 35
• Supplyframe DesignLab: 2023 Hackaday Prize

Working video:

Comparison with my handwriting:

Can you identify which ones were written by the machine? (It's close but not perfect yet)

So lemme explain...

The problem:

Rote memorization is not a path to understanding. Yet still, it is the bread and butter of the education system in many countries- mostly in Asia. Copy pasting 100 pages of lab records from a pdf by hand, writing the same problem 20 times, solving repetitive problems like a robot, etc won’t help us understand and apply the content. It is important to note that this is a problem with the system . I wouldn't blame teachers for teaching us the way they are taught to teach.

Here's a video that discusses the problem. (The point really starts at 2:00)

Here's another one:

It's hard for us to change the system, but we engineers can create solutions.

Existing solution: 

I was fed up with copy pasting assignments and 100 pages of lab record from a pdf by hand. I decided to make a pen holder tool for my ToolChanger 3D Printer to write the lab record for me. Here's what I did

• Measured the dimensions of my lab record book and created a template 
• Opened the template in Inkscape and copy pasted the content to be written
•  Converted the text to Hershey's text using the KM Laser  plugin.
• Adjusted the text to align with the page template
• Converted the text to Gcode using the 4XiDraw plugin
• Align and clamp down the book to the machine
• Sent the Gcode to the printer to print.
• Repeat from step 2 for all the pages

Homework machine is not a new idea. It has been attempted before.  This attempt where they taped a pen to their 3D printer and did a similar thing got 14M views and 250K likes on Twitter . ('Homework machine' is an extremely popular idea!) Almost all of the attempts on the internet uses the same workflow  (Except this one that costs 200$ per font ?) . Here are the problems with this workflow:

Problem with the existing solution: 

• Easy to get caught: My teacher ended up catching me as the font was too perfect to be written by a human. All letters are the same and it does not look similar to my handwriting. 
• The stroke path is not the same as written by a human.
• The Gcode generation workflow is cumbersome . The whole process to generate the Gcode takes around 1 minute per page. The Gcode generation plugin alone takes over 20 seconds to process. 
• Having to manually turn pages, clamp the book and run the next gcode is too too much work to be worthwhile .
• Most pen plotter use a hobby servo to lift the pen. They are slow and are not meant for continuous operation. Hobby servos die very often in a pen plotter.
• Writing fast will make the machine vibrate and the vibration will be visible in the print .

(Image showing a page written by my ToolChanger using Gcode generated using Inkscape and a single line font that came with one of the plugins. This got caught by the teacher)  

The Solution:

After the lab teacher caught me and asked me to rewrite the 100 pages by hand, I decided to double down. Starting from software, I set out to create a machine to efficiently and effectively do your homework without getting caught by the teacher. Here's how:

Record your handwriting

The software needs to know your handwriting to write in your handwriting. Your handwriting stroke is recorded and saved in a format suitable for the Gcode generation python script to process. Please see the project log section to see how it's done now.

(Image shows the python GUI  app I hacked together to record handwritings)

Generate answers 

The access to ChatGPT is a gamechanger. The upcoming Wolfram Alpha plugin will likely make ChatGPT do accurate math. these plugins should fix the achilleas heel of ChatGPT. All you have to do is generate answers and / or copy paste the content for the Gcode generation software to process. 

(Image showing an assignment I wrote with the 1st generation handwriting...

Project Logs Collapse

Font v2, cursive & machine prototype.

"Font V2" refers to the 2nd generation handwriting font recording method. There's a lot of progress since the previous update. They are: 

• Made a python app to record your handwriting using a  graphics tablet . The app records the stroke by saving the  normalized coordinates  of then pen's stroke. The recorded stroke's recorded coordinates are of high resolution. 
• Made the Gcode generation python script support cursive handwritings 
• Made a quick prototype of the homework machine mostly using the parts I had in stock.

Lessons learnt for further progress:

• Recording handwriting using a graphics tablet without a display is difficult for the user to get it right. You need some experience with it to draw your natural handwriting using it. This solution wont scale. 
• Recording multiple versions of each character and randomly selecting one is not ideal. 
• The machine's output is not perfectly smooth. Looking at the Gcode using a Gcode viewer, there seems to be a little jitter in the recording process that needs to be smoothed out.
• Automate the book / page fixturing and page turning 
• Set up input shaper to write fast without vibrations
• Adopt a  new medium to record handwriting - probably an android with a stylus.
• Create a new method to make the writings look natural . Instead of recording multiple versions, the code should slightly vary the stroke in a random pattern to avoid letters looking the same. 
• The flow between letters need to be perfected to look more natural

I'm also thinking about alternate methods to record and process the handwriting. Record stroke SVG / vector? Create an ML model?  Suggestions are welcome!

Updates: 

• This project has been  featured in Hackster.io news

Handwriting Font V1- June 2022

I have been documenting the progress since the start of the project by posting updates as stories on my Instagram. You can find the story highlights here

Since the teacher caught me due to the unnatural regularity and neatness of a machine written text, I decided to record my own handwriting with  Multiple versions of each character  in the handwriting font (eg: "a1", "a2", "a3",) It was recorded using Inkscape's pen tool. Each letter was painstakingly converted to Gcode and All character's Gcode were combined into a file. The Gcode generation script uses this file as reference for my handwriting.

The software to generate Gcode does the following:

• Takes in all the content you want it to write and your handwriting font file as input. 
• Places the text correctly in the correct line of the page.
• Move to the next line either if all content in the line is written or of the line is filled.
• Move to the next page if all the lines in the page are finished or if a page break is added   
• Apply randomization to the letters for making  the text look more natural 
• Create the Gcode for the machine as output.   

This time it worked! The lab teacher ended up signing off my lab record as the text was completely different from the machine written one he saw before.  Another teacher familiar with my handwriting easily identified that It's not my handwriting. I used this font for months to write assignments and records as most of the teachers have no idea that I am writing these with a machine. They never complained. 

View all 2 project logs

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As a teen student, I work to improve my grades by implementing a thorough strategy that includes productive study techniques, proactive participation, and an optimistic outlook. I set aside time to read over course materials, take an active part in class discussions, and ask teachers questions when I need clarity. I get help on  https://ca.papersowl.com/lab-report-writing-service  for writing lab reports and managing all my academic tasks. To aid with my cognitive functions, I also place a high priority on leading a healthy lifestyle, getting enough sleep, and eating a balanced diet. I hope to develop a lifetime passion of studying and achieve academic achievement by constantly putting these strategies into practice.

  Are you sure? yes | no

Helo I am kks from odisha I wanted to be your partner if you like if not i have some suggestions if you want i want to talk you once freely in Instagram pls accept my invitation.. If you want to know about me you can message me in my wa no. 8249810054

you need to correct the dots they seem a little robotic and o's too.

Excellent!!! I wanna make this for my clg project

Please post the source codes and tutorial plssss

Hi bro, you are doing excellent. I have suggestions for own fonts, Can you make like this. By writing a letters in a paper then scan & Trace it in Coreldraw then copy and paste each Letter . It will look like exactly replica of our own handwritings ..., 

And bro can please add 3d files of parts and mainboards , so we start to build it up ..

This project looks amazing. I currently have my own pen plotter is the project still open-source? I notice in earlier discussions you said that it was on your github but I am not seeing it now. Could you provide a link to it if it is in fact still available? Would love to run some testing on my own plotter to see its applications.

Your project is incredibly innovative and addresses a real challenge in education. Rote memorization's limitations are evident, and your solution of automating handwritten tasks using technology is impressive. The integration of ChatGPT and Wolfram Alpha for generating answers adds another layer of convenience. Your efforts to avoid detection by mimicking handwriting patterns while automating the process are quite clever. It's great to see your journey from the initial concept to the current progress, especially with the creation of your handwriting font. Keep pushing the boundaries of what's possible and  https://iptvukprovider.online/ and contributing to a more skill-focused learning environment! 🚀📚

I am loving it. It is ab open-source project.

I'm not sure what people will learn if they get an AI to answer questions and a machine to write out the answers?

Seriously! I am genuinely interested in what you think people will learn if they use these methods.

Current teaching methods are not perhaps the best, but I find if I write something down I remember it much better - even if I can't actually read what I wrote!

Consider: why should I employ someone if I can just ask ChatGPT  and pass the results off as my own work?

It seems to me that by completely bypassing assignments students may end up with great  course work scores but will fail miserably in exams and other  tests of real knowledge.

can You put any 2d gcode for 3d printer etc?

How check quality of Your code

I'd be interested to see if you could connect this with a voice to text option so you can dictate in your own handwriting. Very interesting potential applications 

Amazing, also more cat please :)

The spacing and baseline of natural writing often drifts. Some lines the letters are spread out more, some lines look cramped by comparison. The end of lines tends to get compressed as the writer tries to cram a large word at the end. The baseline tends to drift up and down, the writer is not always looking at what they are writing (especially if they are copying verbatim text) and so they drift up or down, then when they realize it the correct it by moving in the opposite direction until aligned with the baseline again. This up and down drift can be simulated and if used sparingly (most noticeable on just a few lines on the whole page, but applied to a much lesser degree to all the lines) to make the text look much more natural. This, in addition to random variation applied to each character would likely make the results indistinguishable from real human handwriting.

The coreXY machine and the pen holder are from some open source project or it's from scratch? Nice work!

I designed it from scratch to make use of the parts I had in stock (It's just a quick prototype). You can see the Fusion 360 3D model of the prototype in the gallery. I took some inspiration from the 'Jubilee' 3D printer's series elastic actuator and the Voron 3D printer's belt path. Other than that, it's a completely novel design. 

I'll open source the design once the project is a bit more mature

Very fun project. Sadly, would not have helped me. When I was in school, our lab books were for recording measurements and results while performing experiments. Our lab reports were required to be typed or printed on my school's computer lab printer. Written answers were for in-class exams.

I am intrigued by the cursive writing version, since in cursive, the form of each letter is affected by the preceding letter, especially lowercase s.

I guess you were lucky enough not to need a homework machine then! It's quite different here, we have a shit ton to write from home. The lab records have lengthy "Theory" and"Procedure" sections we have to copy paste from a pdf by hand from home. One sem, there was almost 100 pages to be handwritten! Insane right? That's what made me start this project. 

The flow between the letters is not perfect yet. The tail of the current letter just touches the next letter where it ends. I'm working on improving the flow.

Really cool project! My only recommendation might be to use a slightly softer table material (perhaps a leathery rubber/silicone/PU) to smooth out the penstrokes.

Another variation could include "trailing" the line of text up/down or taller/narrower. You could also design a moving "palm" that holds the paper down and creates characteristic wrinkles/imprints in the page.

Yup, that's right! I do have a rubber band in series with the string driven pen lift actuator to get the same effect of the softer table material (it's a series elastic actuator)

I plan to implement force control so that the height of the page from the table doesn't matter. It should be possible to control the force applied to get the same effect as you mentioned.

I disagree on the blanket idea that rote learning is bad. 

Rote memorization is required in certain subjects, i.e., math, science, spelling.  I can see this as a "cheat" to do other kinds of written homework however.  Who likes to write english papers.

Some memorization is required, even in math and science. But, to really do math and science requires understanding. When you understand, you can derive the formulae as you need them, rather than rely on memorizing. The exams I did best on were like reading comprehension: Each section was a paragraph or 2 followed by several questions. If you were actually keeping up in class, labs and homework, the questions were easy to answer.

(Of course, there were students who complained that the material wasn't covered in class. That was only slightly true. The classes went over principles and the framework for deriving answers, but not actual answers. The exam questions required us to actually do the derivations.)

I taught science for many years, the last of which was at the undergraduate level at OSU.  If you know certain basics, you can derive the rest.  A big however in that is the students are not learning (i.e. memorizing basic math/chemistry/biology functions) what they should and when they should.  No amount of wishful thinking is going to work.  I've had top of the line students actually pull out their calculators to add simple numbers, they never learned their times tables.

gwfami wrote:

> I've had top of the line students actually pull out their calculators to add simple numbers, they never learned their times tables

They might have learned their times tables, but forgotten. By the time I reached high school (grades 9 - 12), calculator use was very common and tacitly encouraged. Only programmable calculators were not allowed.

For a while, I continued to calculate in my mind, but trigonometry quickly had me using a calculator and I soon forgot how to calculate in my mind.

Some amount of rote memorization is needed, I agree. Education system in Asia is not the same as in US/Europe. Here, students are taught to maximize marks using rote memorization almost exclusively- that's bad. I guess it probably has something to do with the larger population and therefore, extreme competition. Please see the videos I linked in the details part. 

meybe using this? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmer_Method

Thanks, I'll look into it.

Do you plan on open sourcing the models/code?

Yes, I'll be releasing everything once the project is mature enough to do so. 

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NBA mock draft: 58 picks as trade talks heat up for 30 teams

The 2024 NBA draft in New York is a week away (June 26-27 on ABC/ESPN/ESPN+), and the 30 teams are well into their pre-draft process for working out top candidates and narrowing down their draft boards, helping us get a better feel for how the first round, especially, might unfold.

Trade talks are at an early stage but beginning to take shape to an extent as different scenarios are being laid out from NBA decision-makers depending on how the draft evolves.

The Atlanta Hawks , who won the draft lottery to claim the No. 1 pick, seem to be honing in on either Zaccharie Risacher or Donovan Clingan but might have trade opportunities at their disposal on draft night, especially if the San Antonio Spurs are interested in making a deal.

Hawks general manager Landry Fields said Monday the Hawks are currently satisfied with their situation. "Today, we're planning on picking one," Fields said. "I don't think it would be wise for us not to go over scenarios, even ones that may present later on with different teams."

There's still lots left to play out over the coming week, but ranges for players are being solidified as NBA teams voted on the 25 players they'd like to see invited to the Barclays Center green room, with a handful more players to be added still to the 21-player list that has already been revealed .

Draft experts Jonathan Givony and Jeremy Woo considered the draft board and the likely players available at each spot to update the ESPN 2024 NBA mock draft accordingly. Their latest mock, which reflects exhaustive evaluation of the 2024 draft class and considers intel gathered from conversations with scouts and front office personnel, also accounts for picks owed and owned by all 30 teams.

First round

1. Atlanta Hawks

Zaccharie Risacher , SF, Bourg (France) | Age: 19.1

The Hawks casted a wide net through the pre-draft process, aggressively recruiting nearly every prospect in the lottery for workouts while also bringing in players projected outside that range, indicating the team is preparing for different strategies depending on what it learns and potential trade opportunities.

While it appears the Hawks are far from making final decisions, many teams say their intel indicates Risacher remains the favorite at No. 1, partially because of the dual-track flexibility he offers of either remaining competitive next season or tapping into his upside as the type of big, versatile wing that is difficult to acquire outside the draft. The Hawks will bring Risacher in for a workout Wednesday, his first with the team thus far, which should help add clarity regarding his standing.

The Hawks have been unable to bring Alex Sarr in for a workout to this point, but the door remains open for that to potentially happen. Clingan appears to be Risacher's main rival at No. 1. His workout -- where he shot the ball extremely well, showed surprisingly good passing ability operating out of short rolls and was impressive both in film study and in interviews -- helped his draft standing and makes him as possible sleeper selection here, as we've discussed for several weeks.

The status of Atlanta's Trae Young is the big question hovering over the franchise. One option that has been widely discussed among teams is the possibility of the Hawks reacquiring their unprotected 2025 first-round pick from San Antonio (perhaps in a swap for the No. 4 pick), which would give the team far more flexibility for rebuilding. That would currently be difficult to fathom, with their next three draft picks (2025, 2026 swap rights and 2027) owned by the Spurs.

The Hawks worked out Reed Sheppard last week and Clingan before that, two attractive options at No. 4 should they elect to slide back. Atlanta also brought in Matas Buzelis , Cody Williams and Ron Holland for workouts. -- Givony

2. Washington Wizards

Alex Sarr , PF/C, Perth (Australia) | Age: 19.1

Rival teams have largely viewed the Wizards as a landing spot for Risacher or Sarr, depending which direction the Hawks go. That line of thinking has held up so far, although the radio silence out of Washington has some teams still curious about its intentions at No. 2.

That said, Sarr has not yet gone to Atlanta and did work out for Washington last week. The Wizards did quite a bit of homework (and travel) to evaluate him during the course of his season with Perth. Stephon Castle , Clingan, Buzelis and Williams are among the other top prospects that have worked out for the Wizards. Some of those players feel more like contingencies, whether it's via trade, or if Sarr goes No. 1, but the Wizards have done their due diligence.

Washington has the runway available to be patient with Sarr's development, making it a strong fit for him -- and vice versa -- on paper. Sarr arguably has the greatest upside available here, with the physical attributes to be a top defender, as well as the makings of a useful offensive skill set as a finisher and improving floor-spacer. -- Woo

3. Houston Rockets (via Nets )

Reed Sheppard , PG/SG, Kentucky | Age: 19.9

It feels like Sheppard's range of draft outcomes is quite narrow at this point. The Rockets have demonstrated serious interest in him at No. 3, with both the front office and ownership intrigued by his fit as a shooter and playmaker next to their established young talent.

Should Houston decide to trade back or go another direction, San Antonio is also quite intrigued with Sheppard and will be in position to pounce one pick later. He has also worked out for the Hawks (as a trade-back option) and Charlotte Hornets (who are also thought to be fans, and look like his backstop at No. 6), but the odds seem to be in favor of Sheppard relocating to Texas.

Houston has been testing the market for this pick, which holds trade value due in part to the thought that Clingan, who many teams view as a potential trade-up target, will be available if the first two picks go as currently expected. Regardless, Sheppard's shooting ability, intangibles and room for growth as a playmaker have put him in position to be the first guard off the board, completing his ascent from a November curiosity into a full-blown lottery talent. -- Woo

Look back at Reed Sheppard's best plays from his lone season at Kentucky.

4. San Antonio Spurs

Stephon Castle , PG/SG, UConn | Age: 19.6

If two top targets -- Risacher (who will work out with San Antonio on Friday) and Sheppard (worked out last week) -- are already off the board, it wouldn't be surprising if the Spurs looked to bolster their backcourt with the next two top guard prospects on ESPN's Big Board in Castle and Rob Dillingham with the No. 4 and No. 8 picks.

With Darius Garland unlikely to be attainable from Cleveland, and uncertainty around Trae Young's candidacy, it might make sense to add two top-tier guard prospects who can play in different lineup configurations and roles, especially if the Spurs can secure a commitment from a veteran point guard -- for example, Chris Paul -- to mentor the next generation.

The Spurs -- one of the worst shooting teams in the NBA last season -- need to find ways to better space the floor for Victor Wembanyama next season, which would point to players such as Sheppard, Dillingham and Dalton Knecht , but also have long been enamored with positional size, length and intangibles of prospects such as Castle and, to a lesser extent, Williams.

Castle's defensive versatility, unselfishness and secondary playmaking prowess would be valued additions to the Spurs' lineup provided he can make enough perimeter shots to keep defenses honest. He played an important role in UConn's national championship run, showing a willingness to do the little things needed to help his team win. The 19-year-old has plenty of upside to tap into with strong physical tools. He worked out in San Antonio against Devin Carter last week. -- Givony

Check out some highlights that have made UConn's Stephon Castle a top NBA draft prospect.

5. Detroit Pistons

Matas Buzelis , SF/PF, G League Ignite | Age: 19.6

Buzelis scheduled workouts with Atlanta and Washington, but for weeks now, rival teams have largely viewed Detroit as his likely landing spot. At this point, the Pistons haven't worked out other players who are ticketed for the high lottery, contributing to the idea that Detroit is the probable floor for him.

The Pistons are transitioning under new president of basketball operations Trajan Langdon's leadership, but their interest in Buzelis predated his hiring.

Currently other teams are viewing this as a likely marriage. Buzelis fits Detroit's timeline, positional needs and has the type of size and versatility at forward that Langdon's former group tended to favor (and had success with) during his five years as general manager in New Orleans. -- Woo

6. Charlotte Hornets

Dalton Knecht , SF, Tennessee | Age: 23.1

Knecht's draft range is appearing increasingly small, with teams in the Nos. 4-9 range all expressing significant interest, except Detroit at No. 5.

Charlotte has worked out Knecht, and his fit alongside LaMelo Ball and Brandon Miller appears to be strong with the perimeter shooting and all-around scoring prowess he offers. If Knecht isn't picked at No. 6, it might be because a player such as Sheppard or Castle (both of whom Charlotte has worked out) became available.

Rival teams say they would be surprised to see Knecht fall past both Portland and San Antonio at No. 7 and No. 8, where he also seems to be coveted. Buzelis worked out with Charlotte as well, along with Ja'Kobe Walter . -- Givony

7. Portland Trail Blazers

Donovan Clingan , C, UConn | Age: 20.3

Ranked No. 3 in ESPN's Top 100 , Clingan is viewed by many rival teams as a legitimate candidate for the Hawks at No. 1, making him a key piece of the puzzle in projecting this draft.

Clingan is also viewed as a potential trade-up target for teams, including the Memphis Grizzlies , which could lead to him coming off the board ahead of this spot. However, the Rockets, Spurs, Pistons and Hornets don't appear to be landing spots for Clingan, so there are also scenarios in which he falls to No. 7.

Portland would presumably be thrilled with that, as Clingan is the best player available and would supply long-term defensive backbone for a team still laying its foundation in the frontcourt. -- Woo

8. San Antonio Spurs

Rob Dillingham , PG, Kentucky | Age: 19.4

Dillingham has been unable to work out for teams for much of the pre-draft process because of an ankle injury; however, he completed his combine testing Friday to cement his eligibility requirements for the draft. His inactivity thus far has caused some speculation around the league that he could fall toward the back of the lottery or out of it, but he's an option for guard-needy San Antonio, particularly if the Spurs are unable to draft his college teammate Reed Sheppard at No 4.

Dillingham will work out for the Spurs on Wednesday, with Detroit lined up, and Utah and Chicago expressing interest. The guard, who played for Chris Paul's Nike EYBL team (Team CP3), has a natural creativity as a scorer, but lack of size and defensive acumen make him a polarizing prospect. He's the type of talent teams are often willing to swing on, particularly the further he falls down the board.

If the Spurs go another direction, the Jazz and Bulls could be landing spots in the late lottery, and if he falls past those teams, it shouldn't be too far. -- Woo

9. Memphis Grizzlies

Cody Williams , SG/SF, Colorado | Age: 19.5

Williams will end up working out for nearly every team in the top 10 (with the exception of Houston), with Memphis being his latest stop this past weekend. Teams outside that range haven't been able to get him in, indicating his camp feels comfortable with where he'll end up and the feedback they've received to this point.

Ranked No. 12 in ESPN's Top 100 , Williams has the physical tools every NBA team is looking for at 6-foot-8 in shoes with a 7-1 wingspan. His outstanding early-season play from November through January had some NBA teams wondering if he could make a run at the No. 1 pick prior to him being derailed by injuries.

He's a late bloomer who has shown playmaking, defensive versatility and perimeter shooting that can hopefully be harnessed into more consistent skills down the road, and could be a sleeper pick for a team selecting earlier even, with teams in the Nos. 5-8 range also studying his candidacy closely. He has even worked out in Atlanta, who holds the No. 1 pick. -- Givony

10. Utah Jazz

Nikola Topic , PG, Mega MIS (Adriatic League) | Age: 18.8

Topic was one of 20 players voted into the draft's green room by teams, which is a good sign for his stock stabilizing in the wake of his ACL tear diagnosis at the draft combine in Treviso, Italy. Topic is in the U.S. visiting teams, with Portland (Nos. 7 and 14) San Antonio (No. 8), Memphis (No. 9), Utah (No. 10) being on the schedule.

A team picking him will likely need to be comfortable with the idea of a redshirt season next year with long-term thinking in mind, similar to how Chet Holmgren , Joel Embiid , Michael Porter Jr . or Blake Griffin started their NBA careers. Utah might feel a degree of regret for not going more all-in on positioning themselves for draft picks the past two years and could potentially consider that strategy at some point.

Drafting Topic and trying to make a run at Cooper Flagg next year might not be the worst idea, something that could prove difficult with an All-Star in Lauri Markkanen in the fold and one of the NBA's best young coaches in Will Hardy. -- Givony

11. Chicago Bulls

Devin Carter , PG/SG, Providence | Age: 22.2

Carter has been one of the hottest names on the workout circuit, with some teams now believing he'll come off the board in the top 10. His tenacity, reliability and two-way skill set gives him strong upside for an older guard. Carter, ranked No. 13 in ESPN's Top 100 , is known primarily for his defense, but has made significant strides as a scorer in the past year that have helped reframe how teams view his upside.

Teams' confidence in what he supplies has bolstered his draft stock, with every team in the Nos. 8-11 range looking like a possible landing spot.

There's also some chatter that multiple teams currently drafting outside the lottery have interest in trading up to select him. After trading Alex Caruso to Oklahoma City , Carter would be an excellent option to slot into his role. -- Woo

12. Oklahoma City Thunder (via Rockets )

Tidjane Salaun , PF, Cholet (France) | Age: 18.8

Salaun is one of the tougher lottery prospects to peg in terms of a draft range, as he has had limited time to conduct workouts after recently arriving from Europe. Quite a few teams would like to get to know him better. Salaun, ranked No. 9 in ESPN's Top 100 , conducted workouts with Portland, Sacramento and Oklahoma City before spraining his ankle this past weekend in San Antonio, which might prevent him from working out in scheduled visits with Detroit and Charlotte.

Despite that setback, it's hard to find many prospects who share the upside Salaun does at 6-10, with an outstanding frame, length, shot-making prowess and defensive intensity. He is also one of the youngest players in this draft at 18 and will likely need patience and reps to find his footing with the questionable awareness he shows and mistake-prone style he displays on both ends of the floor at times.

Oklahoma City traded Josh Giddey to the Chicago Bulls for Alex Caruso Wednesday. The Thunder could continue to be aggressive this week if they choose with their huge stockpile of draft picks and intriguing young players that could get them virtually anywhere they want on draft night or go after more veterans. -- Givony

13. Sacramento Kings

Ron Holland , SF, G League Ignite | Age: 18.9

Sacramento has explored trade options with this pick, but there will be a range of quality players on the board if the Kings stand pat -- they might be content to simply see who falls to No. 13. Holland has worked out for a wide range of teams, from Atlanta at No. 1 down to the Heat at No. 15, and it's still not quite clear where his backstop lies.

Presuming the Kings are on track to retain Malik Monk and maintain their backcourt, taking a swing on a wing such as Holland or a frontcourt player could be a smart direction.

Landing on a Sacramento team with established talent and roles, which won't ask Holland to be an offensive focal point, could be ideal long term for his game. That move would allow Holland to get back to his roots as a tough defender and high-energy contributor. -- Woo

14. Portland Trail Blazers (via Warriors )

Ja'Kobe Walter , SG/SF, Baylor | Age: 19.7

Walter, ranked No. 14 in ESPN's Top 100 , has kept a pretty low profile during the pre-draft process, mostly conducting one-on-zero workouts in places such as Detroit, Charlotte, San Antonio, Utah and Sacramento. He was among the first 12 players invited to the draft green room, which is a positive sign for his standing among teams.

Walter's combination of length, dynamic shot-making prowess, intensity, youth and outstanding off-court intangibles give him both a high floor and an attractive archetype every team is looking for with a 3-and-D wing with upside to grow.

He's likely to get looks from all the teams in the mid-to-late lottery looking for wing depth, and he'll have plenty of suitors in the teens hoping he falls to them. -- Givony

15. Miami Heat

Zach Edey , C, Purdue | Age: 22.0

Edey, ranked No. 16 in ESPN's Top 100 , is drawing interest from teams that are drafting in front and behind Miami, with every team in the back half of the lottery after San Antonio said to be in the market for a center. Utah, Portland and Sacramento were some of his latest stops on the workout circuit, and he might end up visiting the Los Angeles Lakers as well.

Edey's combination of size, power and intensity has been difficult to contain in a workout setting, as there simply aren't many players in this draft equipped to slow him down.

He was one of 21 players voted by NBA teams for an invitation to the green room, but has decided he will watch the draft from West Lafayette, Indiana instead with his coaches, teammates and family. He is the only player to decline the in-person opportunity. -- Givony

Take a look at some of the top plays from Purdue's Zach Edey ahead of the 2024 NBA draft.

16. Philadelphia 76ers

Jared McCain , PG, Duke | Age: 20.3

McCain appears to be firmly inside the top 20 at this point, earning a green room invitation and having enjoyed a positive pre-draft process. There's interest in him from teams in the late lottery, and the Heat, 76ers and Lakers are all possibilities, creating what looks like a narrow range.

As an excellent shooter with impressive intangibles that have bolstered his case in the short and long term, McCain is well-prepared for an NBA adjustment and could be on a faster track to making an impact than your typical freshman. His ability to play both backcourt spots intelligently and provide immediate spacing has plenty of appeal to any team in need of shooting or guard depth.

If the 76ers keep this pick -- which they may instead use as a trade chip -- that type of skill set would make a lot of sense next to Tyrese Maxey . -- Woo

17. Los Angeles Lakers

Tristan Da Silva , SF/PF, Colorado | Age: 23.0

Da Silva was a surprising omission from the NBA's early green-room list, but he may still earn an invitation, with firm interest in inside the top 20. He has interest as high as Memphis at No. 9, but will likely fall into the next range, where an array of playoff-caliber teams, including the Kings, Heat, Sixers, and Lakers, are all interested in his services.

Da Silva's versatility at either forward spot on both ends and reliable 3-point shooting give him a good pathway to minutes next season, although his ceiling isn't perceived quite as high as some of the younger players in this range. -- Woo

18. Orlando Magic

Johnny Furphy , SG/SF, Kansas | Age: 19.5

Furphy was one of 21 players to receive an invite to the draft's green room, which was not particularly surprising as he is drawing strong interest, starting with Memphis at No. 9, extending throughout the teens and ending with Cleveland at No. 20.

Furphy's size at 6-9 and multipositional versatility operating in different lineup configurations makes him an attractive target for the many teams in that range that are looking for shooting, including Chicago at No. 11, Sacramento at No. 13, Philadelphia at No. 16, Orlando at No. 18 and Toronto at No. 19.

Ranked No. 18 in ESPN's Top 100 , Furphy brings toughness, activity and youth, with the upside to grow thanks to his steep development trajectory. -- Givony

19. Toronto Raptors (via Pacers )

Kyshawn George , SG/SF, Miami | Age: 20.5

Which direction the Raptors decide to go with this pick might indicate how much longer they intend to retool, entering what might be more of a transition season due to the youth of their roster. George would be a long-view pick, and appears to be trending as a top-20 selection after earning a green-room invite.

He has interest starting in the late lottery down into the 20s, but also has a bit of a wide range. George, ranked No. 19 in ESPN's Top 100 , will have a big adjustment ahead in terms of physicality, and teams have some concern about his struggles getting to the rim and competing on the defensive end. However, big wings who are playmakers, can handle and shoot are always attractive to develop.

His blend of size, guard skills and perimeter shooting gives him a good developmental blueprint, but he's a pick that will likely take some time to bear out. -- Woo

20. Cleveland Cavaliers

Carlton Carrington , PG/SG, Pittsburgh | Age: 18.9

Carrington was not in the group of 21 players receiving an invite to the draft, but he could end up being one of the final four or so players to get a nod later this week, as he's in the conversation for teams earlier than this pick.

He has been visiting teams primarily in the Nos. 10-to-20 range, with franchises looking for point guards such as Utah, Miami and Orlando being especially interesting landing spots. The week prior to the draft might see teams in different ranges travel to watch him in Dallas to prepare for alternative contingencies, including trade scenarios that could shake up the draft order.

Carrington's upside stands out as one of the youngest players in the draft, who was able to carve out a significant role in the ACC showing off his talent as a plus-sized ballhandling guard who can shoot off the bounce and pass off a live dribble. He brings intensity defensively despite his lack of strength and high-end explosiveness.

Carrington, ranked No. 20 in ESPN's Top 100 , will need time and seasoning to be ready to play meaningful NBA minutes, but his youth, versatility and feel for the game gives him a high ceiling in a draft lacking somewhat in that department. -- Givony

21. New Orleans Pelicans (via Bucks )

Yves Missi , C, Baylor | Age: 20.0

Missi earned a green-room invite and is in the mix for a range of teams in need of long-term help at center, with the Lakers, Pelicans and Bucks all shaping up among potential landing spots. He has been a popular name on the workout circuit, and he has proved himself head-to-head against other bigs in this range, and in turn, generated confidence that he can handle the amount of physical, demanding work he'll be asked to do to succeed in the NBA.

His athletic profile and room for development at an early stage of his career have made him intriguing as someone who can play a useful rim-running style in time. Addressing the center position, with Jonas Valanciunas headed to free agency, will be an offseason priority for New Orleans as it tinkers with the personnel around Zion Williamson . -- Woo

22. Phoenix Suns

Tyler Kolek , PG, Marquette | Age: 23.2

Kolek, ranked No. 26 in ESPN's Top 100 , has been one of the big risers of the pre-draft process, showing his unique blend of toughness, skill, experience and feel for the game in every pre-draft workout.

He has worked out for teams picking as high as the mid-to-late lottery (San Antonio, Utah) and has fans throughout the teens portion of the draft, ending with Orlando and Toronto at No. 18 and No. 19. The success of older, physically underwhelming point guards such as Jalen Brunson and T.J. McConnell seems to be causing teams to look at players like Kolek in a different light.

The Suns, where Kolek is headed for a workout later this week, are viewed as an especially interesting destination considering their lack of depth at point guard and need for an experienced playmaker who can operate on and off the ball. -- Givony

23. Milwaukee Bucks (via Pelicans )

Kel'el Ware , C, Indiana | Age: 20.1

Ware was viewed to be building solid momentum in the pre-draft process but wasn't among the 21 players voted by teams into the draft green room, something that could still change once the final wave of invites is released later this week.

He has casted a wide net in workouts thus far, conducting more than a dozen to this point with teams ranging from the late lottery to the end of the first round. Milwaukee, a team he visited, has a clear need at center, with Brook Lopez , 36, entering the final season of his contract, and Bobby Portis able to opt out next summer.

Ware's ability to both pop or roll gives him coveted flexibility he can tap into, along with his solid rebounding and shot-blocking prowess. At 7-1, talent is certainly not a question mark for the 20-year-old, making him a solid value play for any of the teams picking in this range. -- Givony

Check out some of the highlights that have made Kel'el Ware a top NBA draft prospect.

24. New York Knicks (via Mavericks )

Kyle Filipowski , PF/C, Duke | Age: 20.6

Filipowski appears to have a wide range on draft night, as he appears to be firmly in the conversation for several teams picking in the teens while other teams in the 20s say they expect him to be available when they pick.

Being among the 21 players voted by teams into the draft night green room was a good sign for his standing, as there will almost certainly be a market for a player with his skill set at some point in the first round. Filipowski's ability to handle, pass and shoot is difficult to come by at 7-foot, and the dearth of versatile bigs who can play inside and out will surely be attractive to a team picking in this range -- should he fall this far.

Most teams don't expect the Knicks to keep both of their first-round picks, meaning this selection might very well end up in another team's hands. Trading one of their two picks for a future first-rounder would likely help for trade flexibility down the road, but it remains to be seen what the market will look like on draft night, as picks in the early second round are being viewed as valuable ones due to the salary cap and luxury tax flexibility they offer. -- Givony

25. New York Knicks

Ryan Dunn , SF/PF, Virginia | Age: 21.4

The Knicks are among the teams believed to be highest on Dunn long term, due to his defensive versatility and knack for creating turnovers and blocking shots on the wing. His poor jump shooting and wavering confidence as a scorer will be something he'll have to work to overcome, but he has showcased his strengths on the workout circuit and has left room for optimism around his long-term chances of offensive growth.

The Knicks, with a defensive-minded coach in Tom Thibodeau, are likely to value the unique production and tools the No. 34 prospect in ESPN's Top 100 brings to the table, and might be more interested than most in being patient with Dunn (who is a Long Island native) as he comes along offensively.

Rival teams expect New York may trade one of these picks in the 20s, so it's possible another team selects for the Knicks here. -- Woo

26. Washington Wizards (via Clippers )

Isaiah Collier , PG, USC | Age: 19.6

While it seems unlikely at this point that Collier, once viewed as a top prospect in this class and now ranked No. 22 in ESPN's Top 100 , comes off the board in the lottery, he did receive a green-room invitation and now represents an interesting value pick for teams that can swing on his playmaking talent.

Collier does have interest from teams in the late lottery, but there are realistic scenarios in which he falls toward the back of the first round. It can be difficult for competitive teams to find minutes for a point guard whose key areas for improvement are decision-making and long-range shooting -- logically, Collier might need G League time, particularly if he lands with a playoff-level team. He is a gifted athlete and passer with good size on the ball.

Drafting a talent such as Collier in this back part of the first round would be terrific value for the Wizards if he slides to No. 26. -- Woo

27. Minnesota Timberwolves

Terrence Shannon Jr. , SG/SF, Illinois | Age: 23.8

Shannon was acquitted last week and found not guilty of rape and sexual battery charges , a case NBA teams had been following closely. The clarity offered by the court ruling should put front offices and ownership groups at ease, and it reopens a path for Shannon back into the first round, where he will now conduct workouts for a handful of teams going into draft night.

It's quite possible Shannon hears his name called well before this pick at No. 27, with many teams in the top 25 expressing interest. He has an opportunity to work his way up the board in the days to come. His athletic tools have always been NBA-caliber, but his development at Illinois into a more consistent two-way contributor helped raise the perception around his floor as a useful rotation player.

A playoff-caliber team like the Timberwolves might be excited to see him fall here. -- Woo

28. Denver Nuggets

DaRon Holmes II , PF/C, Dayton | Age: 21.8

Most NBA teams are operating under the assumption Holmes has received a promise from the Nuggets, although it is possible the team might attempt to trade down a few spots into the second round to draft him for financial reasons.

Holmes canceled a half-dozen workouts shortly after the NCAA withdrawal deadline, with several smoking guns pointing in Denver's direction, a scenario that is similar to what we saw play out last year with Jalen Pickett . -- Givony

29. Utah Jazz (via Thunder )

Baylor Scheierman , SG/SF, Creighton | Age: 23.7

Many teams expect Scheierman to come off the draft board in the 20s, with his mix of shooting, craftiness and positional size likely to make him immediately useful coming off an NBA bench.

The No. 25-ranked prospect in ESPN's Top 100 has workouts scheduled with Utah, New Orleans and Denver in the coming days. The Jazz can go a variety of directions with three picks in the first 32 selections, and should have the ability to balance drafting for need as well as long-term upside. In this scenario, after taking the long view with Topic at No. 10, a more rotation-ready option such as Scheierman makes sense here. -- Woo

30. Boston Celtics

Pacome Dadiet , SG/SF, Ratiopharm Ulm | Age: 18.8

Dadiet, ranked No. 29 in ESPN's Top 100 , elected to remain in the draft at the NBA's withdrawal deadline Sunday, a sign he is receiving positive enough feedback to feel comfortable with where he might end up being drafted.

Utah and Boston are some of the teams connected with Dadiet at the end of the first round, and he is also expected to visit Orlando, Miami, Philadelphia, San Antonio, Milwaukee and Brooklyn in his short time in the U.S. due to his mandatory appearance at the draft combine in Treviso, Italy, the first week of June.

Dadiet's combination of size (6-9), youth and shot-making prowess gives him an interesting upside to grow into long term, something that could be attractive at this stage of the draft. -- Givony

Take a trip down memory lane and relive Bronny James' young career ahead of the 2024 NBA draft.

Second round

31. Toronto Raptors (via Pistons ) Jaylon Tyson , SG/SF, California | Age: 21.5

32. Utah Jazz (via Wizards ) Bobi Klintman , SF/PF, Cairns (Australia) | Age: 21.2

33. Milwaukee Bucks (via Trail Blazers ) Tyler Smith , SF/PF, G League Ignite | Age: 19.6

34. Portland Trail Blazers (via Hornets ) Cam Christie , SG, Minnesota | Age: 18.8

35. San Antonio Spurs Juan Nunez , PG, Ratiopharm Ulm (Germany) | Age: 20.0

36. Indiana Pacers (via Raptors ) A.J. Johnson , SG, Illawarra (Australia) | Age: 19.5

37. Minnesota Timberwolves (via Grizzlies ) Adem Bona , C, UCLA | Age: 21.2

38. New York Knicks (via Jazz )

Kevin McCullar , SF, Kansas | Age: 23.2

39. Memphis Grizzlies (via Nets )

Justin Edwards , SG/SF, Kentucky | Age: 20.4

40. Portland Trail Blazers (via Hawks ) Melvin Ajinca , SG/SF, Saint Quentin (France) | Age: 19.9

41. Philadelphia 76ers (via Bulls ) Pelle Larsson , SG, Arizona | Age: 23.3

42. Charlotte Hornets (via Rockets ) Jonathan Mogbo , PF/C, San Francisco | Age: 22.6

43. Miami Heat Jamal Shead , PG, Houston | Age: 21.8

44. Houston Rockets (via Warriors ) Ulrich Chomche , PF/C, NBA Academy Showcase (Africa) | Age: 18.4

45. Sacramento Kings Harrison Ingram , SF/PF, North Carolina | Age: 21.5

46. LA Clippers (via Pacers ) Ajay Mitchell , PG, UC Santa Barbara | Age: 21.9

47. Orlando Magic Jaylen Wells , SG/SF, Washington State | Age: 20.8

48. San Antonio Spurs (via Lakers ) Cam Spencer , SG, UConn | Age: 24.1

49. Indiana Pacers (via Cavaliers ) Nikola Djurisic , SG/SF, Mega MIS (Adriatic League) | Age: 20.3

50. Indiana Pacers (via Pelicans ) Dillon Jones , SF/PF, Weber State | Age: 22.6

51. Washington Wizards (via Suns ) Keshad Johnson , PF, Arizona | Age: 22.9

52. Golden State Warriors (via Bucks ) KJ Simpson , PG, Colorado | Age: 21.8

53. Detroit Pistons (via Knicks ) Jalen Bridges , SF, Baylor | Age: 23.0

54. Boston Celtics (via Mavericks ) Antonio Reeves, SG/SF, Kentucky | Age: 23.5

55. Los Angeles Lakers (via Clippers ) Bronny James , PG/SG, USC | Age: 19.6

56. Denver Nuggets (via Timberwolves ) Oso Ighodaro , PF/C, Marquette | Age: 21.9

57. Memphis Grizzlies (via Thunder ) Enrique Freeman , PF/C, Akron | Age: 23.8

58. Dallas Mavericks (via Celtics ) Trentyn Flowers , SG/SF, Adelaide (Australia) | Age: 19.2

Jonathan Givony is an NBA draft expert and the founder and co-owner of DraftExpress.com, a private scouting and analytics service used by NBA, NCAA and international teams.

Jeremy Woo is an NBA analyst specializing in prospect evaluation and the draft. He was previously a staff writer and draft insider at Sports Illustrated.

Homework Machine

Introduction: Homework Machine

The homework machine is an interactive tool to collect homework. It's a machine that stands in a class room. The kids can put there homework into the mouth of the machine. The kids have to do some teamwork, some of them operate the inside of the machine and others are watching thrue the window to guide the homework into the right direction. The homework can end in 1 of the 4 compartments with there own achievements. The homework machine is a stimulating and a fun way to make homework and collect it.

ideas, concepts, drawings, pictures, videos, documents, posters, comments, mock-up scale models, prototypes and machines that are developed in the context of MyMachine are the property of MyMachine vzw.

Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from MyMachine vzw is strictly prohibited. MyMachine vzw is a social profit organization that fosters creativity, entrepreneurship, open education and STEM in education.

www.mymachineglobal.org

Step 1: Body Base Plate

1) Used materials :

• MDF (A) : base plate 900*500*15 mm
• MDF (B) : 3 shelfs 500*170*15 mm
• MDF (C): beam 40*500*15 mm
• Wood connectors
• Nuts and bolts

3) Saw a corner off :

• MDF (B) : 15*40 mm => 15 mm in width, 40 mm in length of 1 corner.
• Apply this step for all 3 pieces

4) Construct :

• Screw and glue MDF (C) on 1 side of the base plate MDF (A)
• Line out the MDF (B) shelfs over the length of the base plate MDF (A). A schelf on every 22.5 cm.
• Screw and glue the shelfs (B)
• Reinforce the shelfs with wood connectors to the base plate (A)
• Attach the wheels to the plate ( 80*80 mm from corner)

Step 2: Right Body Plate (wood)

1) Used materials:

• MDF 100 x 120 x 1,5 CM
• Drill 46 mm & 32 mm

3) Saw the right body plate:

• MDF, saw the right body plate in the next dimensions: Height base plate – highest peak = 100 CM Height start mouth till base plate 70 CM, distance to rear end 120 CM Height back 75 CM

4) Drilling 3 holes:

• Drilling 3 holes of 46 mm at the top of the plate. measured from the bottom right, straight up and then sideways. See the picture above.

5) Drilling 6 holes:

• Drilling the 6 other holes of 32 mm in the plate. measured from the bottom right, straight up and then sideways. Distance B-C = 13, distance A-b = 9. See the picture above.

6) Saw the 4 doors:

• Line out the 4 doors on the bottom line. 16 x 16 CM.
• Screw them back in with hinges.

Step 3: Left Body Plate (perspex)

3) Saw the left body plate:

• Saw the right body plate in the next dimensions:

Height base plate – highest peak = 100 CM

Height start mouth till base plate 70 CM, distance to rear end 120 CM

Height back 75 CM

The same as in step 2.

Step 4: Front Plate (wood)

• MDF 530 mm * 790 mm * 15 mm
• MDF 60 mm * 740 mm * 15 mm

3) Saw the MDF plates in the right dimensions.

Step 5: Polygonal Holders (right)

• 4 x MDF (100mm*100mm*15mm)

3) Saw 3 polygonal holders with in the middle a hole diameter 46 mm and 1 with diameter 32 mm.

The holders are in the places where you can not rotate the axes.

Step 6: Polygonal Holders (left)

• 12 x MDF (100mm*100mm*15mm)

3) Saw 6 polygonal holders with in the middle a hole diameter 46 mm.

Saw 6 polygonal holders with in the middle a hole diameter 32 mm.

Wherever there are holes or holders placed at the right side, there are holders placed with the same dimensions on the left perspex side.

Attach the holders with screws to the perspex.

Step 7: Hollow Profiles for Peripherals

1) Used Materials:

• 4 x insulation foam (or others)
• Contact glue

3) Cut off 3 pieces (length = 200 mm and a diameter of 80 mm)

Glue the profiles onto the perspex side and the MDF side at the correct dimensions.

Step 8: Axes

• 3 wooden cylinders (length = 540 mm and diameter 40 mm)
• 3 wooden cylinders (length = 500 mm and diameter 40 mm)
• 5 wooden cylinders (length = 650 mm and diameter 25mm)
• 1 wooden cylinder (length = 500 mm and diameter 25mm)
• The axes can be covered witch all kinds of materials: we use a paint roller, gloves, insulation foam and a wooden plate.

3) The foam, paint roller, gloves, PVC and the wooden plate are glued or screwed to the axes.

Step 9: Handle Wheel

• 3 x MDF plate 250mm*250mm*15mm
• Standard wooden handle

3) Make a circle witch a diameter 220 mm. Use a saw and a sander to become the correct dimensions of the circle.

Screw the handle to the circle.

Step 10: Teeth and Tongue

• MDF plate 520mm*110mm*8mm
• MDF plate 520mm*100mm*8mm
• Flexible foam

3) Saw the shape of the teeth out of the MDF plate. (see image for dimensions)

Finisch with sandpaper.

Cut out a tongue from the flexibel foam by using a box cutter.

Glue the tongue to the lower teeth.

Step 11: Assemble Body

2) Screw and glue the left body plate(perspex)and the right body plate (MDF) to the base plate.

Screw the front plate to the left, right and base plate.

Step 12: Assemble Other Components

2) The axes are disposed between the holders and thrue the holes. (blue on the image)

The wheels are screwed and glued to the axes of the conveyors. (green on the image)

The teeth are screwed and glued to the body (yellow on the image)

Step 13: Conveyors

The conveyor belts are tensioned between the thickest axes.

We use bicycle tires as conveyor belts.

Step 14: Make Back

We stretch an orange rope between the two sides as reinforcement.

On the ropes we put a cardboard.

Step 15: Final Result

Step 16: Product Is Use

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Puzzles and Games Contest

Paper and Cardboard Contest