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The Science of Strong Business Writing

• Bill Birchard

Lessons from neurobiology

Brain scans are showing us in new detail exactly what entices readers. Scientists can see a group of midbrain neurons—the “reward circuit”—light up as people respond to everything from a simple metaphor to an unexpected story twist. The big takeaway? Whether you’re crafting an email to a colleague or an important report for the board, you can write in a way that delights readers on a primal level, releasing pleasure chemicals in their brains.

Bill Birchard is an author and writing coach who’s worked with many successful businesspeople. He’s drawn on that experience and his review of the scientific literature to identify eight features of satisfying writing: simplicity, specificity, surprise, stirring language, seductiveness, smart ideas, social content, and storytelling. In this article, he shares tips for using those eight S’s to captivate readers and help your message stick.

Strong writing skills are essential for anyone in business. You need them to effectively communicate with colleagues, employees, and bosses and to sell any ideas, products, or services you’re offering.

• Bill Birchard is a business author and book-writing coach. His Writing for Impact: 8 Secrets from Science That Will Fire Up Your Reader’s Brain will be published by HarperCollins Leadership in April 2023. His previous books include Merchants of Virtue, Stairway to Earth, Nature’s Keepers, Counting What Counts, and others. For more writing tactics, see his website .  

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How to Write a Powerful MBA Essay—With Examples

The MBA essay is critical to your business school application. Read our guide to writing the perfect MBA essay, with successful admit examples.

Posted April 4, 2024

Deferred Admissions Panel: Crush Your MBA Interviews

Friday, may 17.

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Table of Contents

What is the mba essay.

The MBA admissions essay.

Those words alone are enough to make most MBA candidates run screaming. Writing in general is hard enough. Writing about why you want an MBA? Your short-term goals and career aspirations? What matters to you most, and why? Forget it.

Of course, you still have to write these essays.

The MBA essay is perhaps  the most important part of the business school application. (It's also getting more and more important by the day, with some business schools moving away from traditional, quantitative measuring sticks, like the GMAT and the GRE.) Every other part of the application — your GPA, your test scores, your letters of recommendation — are quantified, cut and dried, or out of your control. The essay is your chance to show up as a fully realized MBA candidate, with hopes, dreams, and vulnerabilities. Admissions committees are not simply assessing your candidacy as a future leader — they're looking to admit human beings. That's where the MBA applicant essays come in.

That being the case, rather than being intimidated by it, treat the essay like the opportunity that it is — the chance for you to highlight your unique, iridescent self; the only moment in the MBA admissions process (prior to the interview) when you can speak directly to the admissions officers; the time when you'll show them who you really are. It's not easy to write something that will do that, of course, but with the tips and tricks in this guide, and some help from one of Leland's vetted, world-class admissions coaches, we know you can do it. Give the essay the time, attention, and respect it deserves, and you'll be on your way to an offer of admission at your dream school.

Without further ado, let's dive in!

Ultimate MBA Essay Guide

See the MBA essay prompts, top tips from experts, and real examples from admits with this comprehensive guide.

How Long Will My MBA Essay Take?

First thing's first: let's talk about timing.

The MBA application is a behemoth; between exams, resumes, gathering your official transcripts, letters of recommendation, and the applications themselves, there's a lot to juggle. That being the case, we suggest you give yourself ample time to draft, write, and revise your essays. The last thing you want is to be rushed to the finish line.

So, give yourself  at least three months to write your MBA essays. That should allow you ample time to draft, write, and edit. For more information on timing your entire b-school application, click here for  A Comprehensive MBA Application Timeline--With Chart .

Now, on to the critical question:

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What Makes a Great MBA Essay?

At the highest level, the answer is the one that is truest to you. The whole point of these essays is to shine through as an authentic, vibrant human being, so the best essays are the ones that cut through the clutter, and allow you do to that.

Which begs the question — how  do you cut through the clutter and shine through as a vibrant human being? Here are four critical tips to follow as you begin thinking about your essays.

1. Answer the Question

This one sounds obvious, but you'd be surprised how many applicants launch into their story, get carried away, and forget to answer the question. Follow the prompt, and answer the question the admissions committee has asked you. Those prompts can actually be very useful when writing your essays — it's a great deal harder to write when you have no guidance or guardrails. With the MBA essays, you have a very specific question you need to answer. So answer it!

2. Be Specific

Another mistake some MBA applicants make is to stay at a high level in their essays, keeping their writing abstract and therefore inaccessible to the admissions committee. If at any point, an admissions officer could replace your name with the name of another applicant, then your essay isn't getting deep enough. It's not enough, for instance, to say that you suffered adversity in high school, or that you really, really want a Wharton MBA. You need to explain, in detail, the adversity you faced, and give concrete and unique reasons why you think Wharton is the right program for you. The best essays offer hyper-specific examples and anecdotes, with details and anecdotes that no other candidate could bring to the table. To get those anecdotes, we recommend using the STAR template, as explained below:

• Situation : What was the situation you were facing? Where were you? How old were you? If you were in a professional role during this anecdote, what was the role, and how long had you been in it? If you were volunteering, at what organization? How long had you been volunteering there? Why did you start? Offer all the relevant information that the admissions readers will need to understand your story.
• Task : What was the task at hand? What went wrong? In your professional role, what was the challenge you faced? In that volunteering experience, what were the hurdles you had to overcome? You can't have a good story without conflict or tension, so after you set up the anecdote, explain what that conflict or tension was (and remember, be specific!).
• Action : What was the action you took to resolve the problem? What did you have to do to fix that issue at work? How did you clear that hurdle in your volunteer experience? Again, be specific about how you came through on the other side of that conflict/tension — and while you're doing it, highlight your leadership capabilities as much as possible! Remember that top MBA programs are looking for future leaders who can assess a situation and decisively take action. (We'll say a bit more about this below, in the Personal Statement section.
• Result : What was the result of your action? If you were facing a growth problem at work, were you able to increase sales? If so, by what percentage? If you were advocating for diversity and inclusion at your local charity, what new programs did you implement to help with that effort, and what was the enrollment like in those new programs? Detail what happened in your anecdote with as much specificity as possible — and quantify, quantify, quantify!

3. Get Vulnerable

Most MBA admissions essay prompts are written with the goal of getting to know as much about you as possible in the shortest number of words. To do that, you're going to have to share real things from your life — to get personal, intimate, and vulnerable. Do not shy away from this. If you're starting to get emotional during the reflection, drafting, and writing process, good — that means you're on the right track. Keep going. Pro tip: If it’s making you cry, it will make them cry. Another good rule of thumb is to put something real and true on the table. Admissions officers have to read literally thousands of applications from thoroughly qualified individuals, some of whom might come from similar roles to yours, with letters of recommendation from equally impressive supervisors. In order to cut through that noise, you'll have to share something honest. If you're doing it right, this can feel risky. At some point, you’ll likely think to yourself: “Can I say that?” The answer is: “Yes.” Of course, there is a line, you don’t want to be crass or offensive but err on the side of being open and authentic. The very worst thing you can do is be overly cautious, and write something you think will please the admissions committee. These poor people have to read thousands of essays. If yours is just like everyone else’s, they’ll fall asleep. Don’t let that happen. Wake them up by putting yourself —your true, bright, vibrant, quirky self—on the page.

4. Don't Exaggerate

Finally, do not exaggerate, over-inflate, or lie. This goes without saying, but admissions committees are looking for honest candidates. The surest way to get rejected is to lie about something. (Business schools do a background check on you before you're properly admitted, so they will find out.) Don't be the person who over-inflates on their essays, then has their offer letter rescinded.

The Types of MBA Essays

All right — since we've covered high-level approaches to the MBA essays, it's time to dig into the various types.

There are three general categories of MBA essays you'll see across the board.

1. Personal Statement

These questions ask you to offer up something sincere about yourself. They'll often touch on such things as your values and your character. In these, you'll want to be as authentic as possible, while also highlighting attributes like leadership, intellectual vitality, and teamwork, that business schools are looking for. Here are a few examples of personal statement essays:

• As we review your application, what more would you like us to know as we consider your candidacy for the Harvard Business School MBA program? (HBS)
• What matters most to you, and why? (Stanford GSB)

2. Why an MBA/Why This School

The next category of essays is the "Why an MBA" / "Why This School" set.

In these, schools first want to hear about how an MBA will fit into your career, both short and long term. Top MBA programs are looking for candidates who will: first of all, be gainfully employed upon graduating, second of all, have an illustrious career that will make their institution look good and encourage future generations of applicants to apply, and third, be consistent and generous donors. That being the case, they want to know about your career trajectory, and how an MBA will fit into it.

Pro tip: Here, you want to be ambitious and inspiring in laying out your future career, but not naïve. Walk the line between shooting for the stars and sounding dreamlike and uninformed.

In this set of questions, you'll also encounter questions geared at figuring out why you would want to attend a specific school. MBA programs want to know that you're serious about attending their school — yield, or the percentage of admitted candidates who accept their offers of admission, is an important metric for them — but they also want to envision how you'll contribute to their admitted class. What will you uniquely bring to the table, the things that you'll do that the other candidates wouldn’t be able to offer?

We've heard former deans of business schools say that, in choosing a class, they're curating a world-class dinner party, and that each person invited to the dinner party has to bring something different. What will you bring to the dinner party?

Pro tip: To demonstrate that you've done your research, and to help the admissions committee envision you in their program, indicate which classes you might take when earning your MBA and why, which professors you might hope to study with, and in which clubs you might participate.

Here are a few examples of "why MBA / why this school" essays:

• How is a Columbia MBA going to help you? (Columbia)
• What do you hope to gain professionally from the Wharton MBA? (Wharton)
• Why Stanford? Describe your aspirations and how your Stanford GSB experience will help you realize them. (Stanford GSB)

3. Behavioral/Other

Finally, most other essays will either be behavioral, asking you about experiences, traits, strengths, weaknesses, and achievements. There's a wide variety of topics here, but all the guidelines from above apply, with the final note to always prioritize authenticity (as mentioned in the Personal Statement section) and leadership ability (remember, business schools are choosing future leaders). Here are a few examples of behavioral/other essays:

• Describe the biggest commitment you have ever made. (Yale SOM)
• Tell us about your favorite book, movie, or song and why it resonates with you. (Columbia)
• Think about times you’ve created a positive impact, whether in professional, extracurricular, academic, or other settings. What was your impact? What made it significant to you or to others? (Stanford GSB)

Top MBA Program Essay Prompts (Updated 2022)

To help you get started, we've compiled the required prompts from a few top MBA programs below:

1. Harvard Business School (HBS)

As we review your application, what more would you like us to know as we consider your candidacy for the Harvard Business School MBA program? (900 words)

For more information, visit A Guide to the HBS Essay .

2. Stanford Graduate School of Business

What matters to you most, and why? (650 words)

Why Stanford? (400 words)

Read What Matters Most When Writing the GSB Essays.

How do you plan to use the Wharton MBA program to help you achieve your future professional goals? You might consider your past experience, short and long-term goals, and resources available at Wharton. (500 words)

Taking into consideration your background – personal, professional, and/or academic – how do you plan to make specific, meaningful contributions to the Wharton community? (400 words)

For Wharton-specific advice, visit A Guide to the Wharton Essays .

4. Columbia Business School

Essay 1: Through your resume and recommendation, we have a clear sense of your professional path to date. What are your career goals over the next three to five years and what, in your imagination, would be your long-term dream job? (500 words)

Essay 2: The Phillips Pathway for Inclusive Leadership (PPIL) is a new co-curricular program designed to ensure that every CBS student develops the skills to become an ethical and inclusive leader. Through PPIL, students attend programming focused on five essential diversity, equity, and inclusion skills: Creating an Inclusive Environment, Mitigating Bias, Communicating Across Identities, Addressing Systemic Inequity, and Managing Difficult Conversations. Tell us about a time you were challenged around one of these five skills. Describe the situation, the actions you took, and the outcome. (250 words)

Essay 3: We believe Columbia Business School is a special place. CBS proudly fosters a collaborative learning environment through curricular experiences like our clusters and learning teams , an extremely active co-curricular and student life environment, and career mentorship opportunities like our Executives-in-Residence program .Why do you feel Columbia Business School is a good fit for you academically, culturally, and professionally? Please be specific. (250 words)

5. Chicago Booth

How will the Booth MBA help you achieve your immediate and long-term post-MBA career goals? (250-word minimum)

An MBA is as much about personal growth as it is about professional development. In addition to sharing your experience and goals in terms of your career, we’d like to learn more about you outside of the office. Use this opportunity to tell us something about who you are… (250-word minimum)

Read more at A Guide to the Booth Essays .

6. Kellogg Northwestern

Kellogg’s purpose is to educate, equip and inspire brave leaders who create lasting value. Provide a recent example where you have demonstrated leadership and created value. What challenges did you face and what did you learn? (450 words)

Values are what guide you in your life and work. What values are important to you and how have they influenced you? (450 words)

Read How to Nail Your Kellogg MBA Application Essays

7. MIT Sloan

MIT Sloan seeks students whose personal characteristics demonstrate that they will make the most of the incredible opportunities at MIT, both academic and non-academic. We are on a quest to find those whose presence will enhance the experience of other students. We seek thoughtful leaders with exceptional intellectual abilities and the drive and determination to put their stamp on the world. We welcome people who are independent, authentic, and fearlessly creative — true doers. We want people who can redefine solutions to conventional problems, and strive to preempt unconventional dilemmas with cutting-edge ideas. We demand integrity, respect, and passion.

Taking the above into consideration, please submit a cover letter seeking a place in the MIT Sloan MBA program. Your letter should conform to standard business correspondence, include one or more professional examples that illustrate why you meet the desired criteria above, and be addressed to the Admissions Committee (300 words or fewer, excluding address and salutation)

Applicants are required to upload a 1 minute (60 seconds) video as part of their application. In your video, you should introduce yourself to your future classmates, tell us about your past experiences, and touch on why MIT Sloan is the best place for you to pursue your degree.

How to Start Your MBA Essay

So you've read about the types of essays, and seen some of the prompts from top MBA programs. Now it's time to actually start diving into the essay.

The very first thing to do, before putting pen to paper, is to look inward.

Why do  you want an MBA? What role will this degree play in your professional growth? How do you imagine it will shape your life? What do you want out of your career? What is the most important thing in the world to you?

Yes, these are life’s deep-end questions, but you’ll need to tackle them in these essays, so before you start writing, take the time to think through them. Go for a run, swim some laps, bake a cake—however you get into the flow — and start a dialogue with yourself. Put down your work, turn your phone off, and give your mind permission to go to the places it usually avoids. That’s a good place to start. That’s where the answers are.

Pro tip: The first sentence is the hardest one to write. When you're starting out if it can intimidating and anxiety-producing. The trick is to simply put  anything  down — and don't look back. Keep putting one sentence after the other. You can edit later: let whatever comes to you out onto the page. If you’re struggling with self-critique, dim your computer screen until you can’t even see the words you’re typing. Then keep going.

Additional Tips & Tricks

Once you've started your essay, it's a matter of persistence: keep writing, then keep drafting and editing until you have something you're really proud of.

To help you with that process, here are a few more tips and tricks:

• Take Breaks

When you hit the wall — you will hit the wall — stop. This is your brain telling you it needs to do something else. Walk your dog. Take a lap around your room. Eat some cheese. Your body needs sleep every night to function; your mind is the same way. That next leap of inspiration will come exactly at the moment when you’re least expecting it.

• Read it Out Loud

When you finally have a draft, print it and read it out loud to yourself. Your ear will catch things your eyes miss. Reading out loud is the best way to pick up on spelling errors, clunky transitions, and paragraphs that still need ironing out. It’s also a good way to envision how the admissions committee will experience your essay.

Don’t be precious with your essay. Send it to anyone willing to read it. Solicit as much feedback as you can. If you don’t like what people have to say, you don’t have to incorporate it, but you need an impartial third party to give notes on what they’re seeing, thinking, and feeling. (You’re too close to things to do it for yourself.) This is where a Leland coach comes very much in handy!

• Complete Everything Early

This is more of a timing consideration, but you do not want to trip at the finish line because your internet went down the night before the deadline, or your credit card was denied when paying your application fee (it's happened before). Don't let that be you!

Here is another article to get you started, written by an expert essays coach: 7 MBA Essay Tips to Make You Stand Out in 2022 .

Example MBA Essays

Finally, here are two essays to help inspire you. The first, a personal statement essay, was submitted by an admit to Berkeley Haas' Executive MBA program; the second, a career goals / why MBA essay, was submitted by an admit to Chicago Booth's deferred MBA program.

Haas Admit:

A person’s identity is shaped by many different aspects, including family, culture, personal interests, and surrounding environments. Please share a facet of your identity or story that is essential to who you are. (300 words) My upbringing in India, filled with countless myths and legends, had a profound influence on me. The most formative tale was about a sage who prays for years to the goddess of knowledge, but in vain. In the end, the goddess didn’t appear for the sage because he was turning his prayer beads the wrong way! As a child, this story upset me: the sage worked so hard and had the right intentions. As an adult, though, I’ve come to realize that the goddess of knowledge was right: you can’t succeed unless you do things the right way. Seven years ago, two friends and I started a company, XXXX: a digital health platform that would allow patients to store medical records online and consult doctors remotely. We had early success—we brought on 2,000 patients at XXXX, a gynecology clinic in XXXX—but ultimately we didn’t have the resources to properly scale, and had to shut the company down. Among the many lessons I learned, the most valuable was that ideas and hard work are common; businesses succeed or fail based on execution—on doing things the right way. Two years ago, I relearned this lesson in the most painful way possible: when my marriage ended. My wife and I loved each other, but we weren’t there for each other when it mattered most. Our feelings weren’t enough—we had to back them up with the right actions. It’s disheartening when you have good intentions but still fall short. When this happens, though, you have to keep trying—because eventually you will do things the right way. I carry the story of the sage with me always, not as a harsh lesson, but as a motivating goal: one that keeps me striving towards doing things the right way.

Booth Admit:

How will the Booth MBA help you achieve your immediate and long-term post-MBA career goals? (250 word minimum)

I want to start a geothermal company that will help lead the energy transition away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energy—by targeting existing oil wells as sites for geothermal plants. Oil fields are close to electric grids and have high nearby subsurface temperatures, making them ideal sites for geothermal plants. By building geothermal infrastructure nearby, my company will produce cleaner, cheaper energy, making it more profitable for operators to switch from oil to geothermal. As oil companies decommission their wells, I’ll negotiate for their land rights, so I can use their existing wells for new geothermal vents. I want my company to prove the case for economically viable, carbon neutral energy production. After getting an MBA I want to start a geothermal company which will help me lead the energy transition away from fossil fuels to renewable energy. I plan to target developed oil fields in Texas, where, in many places, producing wells are flowing enough hot fluid to generate clean energy. Using this geothermal heat, the carbon footprint of oil and gas extraction will decrease as fewer fossil fuels are utilized to power surrounding infrastructure. As the wells approach their economic life, I will negotiate the lease from various operators, saving them millions in plug and abandonment costs, and retrofit the wells for direct geothermal energy production via closed loop binary fluid systems, bringing emissions to zero. To accomplish this goal, I need to shore up my knowledge of energy economics and entrepreneurial finance, develop a strong sense of leadership, and build a network of like minded individuals that will help me lead the transition and I believe I can get those things at Chicago Booth. My immediate career goal is to develop my first co-production site in Shelby County, Texas at the Blanton well site, which produces abnormally heated fluid from the flanks of an active salt dome. Before investing in capital expenditures, developing a strong sense of energy economics and broader markets is necessary to verify financial feasibility. University of Chicago, through the Graduate-Student-At-Large: Business program, is already allowing me to accomplish this goal with my enrollment in “Microeconomics” with Professor Andrew McClellan. His instruction helped me understand the impact taxes and subsidies have on market equilibrium, an important aspect of renewable energy as green energy tax incentives continue to change on a yearly basis. As my company continues to grow, having a strong finance and accounting foundation is imperative to building and sustaining a healthy company. Electives such as “Accounting for Entrepreneurship: From Start-Up through IPO” will provide the skills I need to be successful by following the life-cycle of a business that originates as a start-up, and covers topics such as building an initial accounting infrastructure. I understand that execution of the business is as important as developing the idea and proof of concept, and Booth is the best place for me to develop financial fluency. Leading the energy transition will require a strong sense of leadership. Not only will I need to lead those I get to work with over my career, but to lead the energy transition, and reverse the impact fossil fuels have had thus far, I must have the emotional intelligence to inspire others to join me in my journey. The “Interpersonal Dynamics” course at Booth will allow me to develop my communication skills and better understand the emotions and perceptions of my colleagues. These skills, synthesized with leadership development acquired in “Leadership Practicum” will prepare me to act as a relational leader, who understands the needs of others. As a relational leader I hope to foster an environment which promotes happiness, and maximizes efficiency, not only to make our efforts in changing the world more successful, but to excite other people to join our cause.

To find the greatest chance of success in leading the energy transition, I will need a network of like-minded individuals who can provide a diversity of thought. Chicago Booth provides the opportunity to develop that network through different community experiences. The Energy Club’s “Energy Forward” conference, which designates time to topics in oil and gas and renewable energy will allow me to hear from industry leaders, build meaningful relationships with peers and contribute my sector experience to the public forum as I learn from those around me. Opportunities through the Entrepreneurship and Venture Capital Group such as “SeedCon” will help me connect with successful entrepreneurs and early-stage investors whose ideas and funding might change the course of my venture’s trajectory. Even in the GSALB program I have had the opportunity to connect with other students in various sectors, including the energy industry. I hope to continue to strengthen those connections and continue building new ones with matriculation into the full time program.

Here are several other articles that you may find helpful as you put together your MBA application:

• The Most Frequently Asked Questions on MBA Applications
• How to Answer the "Why an MBA?" Essay Question
• My Top Piece of Advice for MBA Applicants
• How I Nailed My MBA Interview and Gained Admission to Top 10 Business Schools
• 4 Expert Tips on Paying for Business School

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Home — Essay Samples — Business — Quality Management — The Role of Management in Business

The Role of Management in Business

• Categories: Quality Management

About this sample

Words: 880 |

Published: Jan 31, 2024

Words: 880 | Pages: 2 | 5 min read

Table of contents

Introduction, overview of management, deductive approach to understanding management's role, analysis of management's role in business.

• Planning: The process of setting goals, objectives, and strategies to achieve them.
• Organizing: The process of arranging resources and activities to achieve the set goals.
• Leading: The process of motivating, inspiring, and directing employees to achieve organizational goals.
• Controlling: The process of monitoring and measuring the performance of the organization to ensure that it is on track and taking corrective actions as necessary.

A. Planning

B. organizing, d. controlling.

• Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2012). Strategic management: Concepts and cases: competitiveness and globalisation. Nelson Education.
• Robbins, S. P., Coulter, M., & DeCenzo, D. A. (2017). Fundamentals of management. Pearson.
• Gulati, R., Puranam, P., & Tushman, M. (2012). Meta-organizational design : Rethinking design in interorganizational and community contexts. Strategic Management Journal, 33(6), 571-586.

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How to Write a Business Essay: an Ultimate Guide

Table of Contents

Writing an essay can be boring. A lot of essays are basically the same thing over and over again. You write an introduction, then you write your supporting paragraphs, and then you create a conclusion. Overall, the process is not a lot of fun, and you can often feel as though you are simply going through the motions for the sake of churning out extra work. But since you have to write an essay, it’s worth considering the many ways that you can make the process faster and easier. In this ultimate guide, we’ll discuss the best way to write a business essay so you can get through the process faster and with relatively little trouble.

It might seem obvious, but the first thing you need to do when you write an essay is to read the essay question. You need to be sure you understand each part of the essay question and how the parts of the question work together. You would be surprised how many students only glance at the question and then write a paper that only partially addresses the assignment. You don’t want to lose points because part of your paper isn’t on topic. If you find any parts of the paper that you don’t understand or that require explanation, be sure to contact your instructor for clarification before you start writing.

Read the essay rubric

These days, most essays have a grading rubric included with the question. A grading rubric is like a cheat sheet for writing your essay. When you review the essay rubric, you’ll see exactly how your instructor will grade your paper and what your instructor will be looking for. When you write your paper, you will therefore know exactly what to include and how to write about it in order to maximize your points—and you’ll also see what you can spend less time on because it won’t contribute to your overall grade.

Make friends with your library

Many students automatically turn to search engines like Google in order to research their papers, but this is not the most effective way to find high-quality business sources for your paper. Instead, take advantage of your library’s databases. Your college or university library will likely have dedicated business databases that collect high-quality academic articles on business topics. Using these resources in your paper will make your essay stronger and more effective, and it will put your paper on a solid academic footing.

Compile your sources before you write

Many students use the start-and-stop method to write their papers, composing a sentence or two and then stopping to look up more information in order to keep going. This, however, is an inefficient way to work. A better way is to read through your research sources before you start and copy into a separate file a series of quotations and facts that you might use in your paper, creating in-text citations and reference list entries for each before you start. Doing so will make sure that you don’t have to stop for research and have a ready bank of pre-cited material to work with as you write.

Outline before you write

Outlining is an important skill that will both save you time and improve the quality of your essay. Take time before you write to lay out your paper from beginning to end. Start with your thesis statement and carefully lay out the body paragraphs with a topic sentence, supporting details (including research, quotes, and citations ), and a closing paragraph . Plan your transitions to link paragraphs together. Any amount of outlining can be helpful, but the more effort that you put into outlining at this stage, the easier it will be to write your paper, and the less likely it will be that you get stuck in a tangent that goes nowhere or meander into a point that requires you to change your thesis and revise you whole essay.

Remember to revise and proofread

When you finish the draft of your paper, you aren’t done yet. The first draft is rarely the finished product. You should always set aside time to read your work back and to make revisions to make it clearer. You also need to carefully proofread for mechanical grammar, punctuation, and syntax issues to ensure that your paper is as close to perfect as possible. You don’t want to leave points on the table because your paper had easy to fix minor spelling or grammar errors.

Consider professional writing help

Another great way to get your paper done quickly is to seek out custom professional help from an essay writing service with academic experts. An online writing company such as this can create business papers for college students and deliver them fast. When you utilize professional writing assistance, you can receive a custom-written essay that can serve as a great model to help you understand how a professional would approach your business topic and organize and develop an essay to address your assignment. Using a model such as this can save you time and effort as you work on your own paper, allowing you to focus on the learning process more than the mechanics of academic essay writing.

Join the thousands who have sharpened their business writing skills with our award winning courses.

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How to Write Successful Business and Management Essays

• Patrick Tissington - University of Warwick, UK
• Markus Hasel - Management Consultant, Paris
• Description

A systematic guide to successfully producing written work for business and management degrees. The authors address the all-too-common pitfalls of essay assignments, as well as providing readers with a step-by-step programme to approach essay questions, both in coursework and exam contexts.

New to the Second Edition:

• Relevance of writing skills to employability highlighted throughout
• Additional content on researching a topic
• New content on adapting writing for different audiences
• New content on academic writing tips
• Addition of useful websites
• Additional coverage of plagiarism
• More on critical evaluation
• More on changing requirements through different levels of study.

Suitable for all business and management students looking to improve their essay writing skills.

Student Success  is a series of essential guides for students of all levels. From how to think critically and write great essays to boosting your employability and managing your wellbeing, the  Student Success  series helps you study smarter and get the best from your time at university. 

Supplements

Visit our hub for free academic skills, wellbeing and employability resources from our new and bestselling guides, designed to support you from day one all the way through to graduation and beyond.

This resource is a must for teachers and students alike. It is relevant and up-to-date on curriculum change and on disruptive technology impacting learning and teaching delivery. It will enable mastery of essay writing for life.

This book presents a much needed, well structured and extremely accessible opportunity to those seeking further guidance on writing essays.

This book is a must for students in higher education, not only those studying business and management but across the social sciences. It demystifies essay-writing by providing a practical and accessible yet rigorous guide to writing excellent essays.  It offers students a route to develop their own informed voice, a critical skill both in higher education and in the wider world of work.

A concise book to support this essential skill, step by step process to complete an essay in an easy read format.

My students have found this book invaluable

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What Is Business Management? And Why It Can Be a Great Career Choice

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What is Business Management?

Business management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the activities of a business or organization to achieve its goals and objectives. It involves overseeing all aspects of a business, from finance and operations to marketing and human resources. Business managers must be skilled in leadership , communication, and problem-solving, and must be able to make strategic decisions that drive the success of the organization.

Every Organization Needs Leaders

Not everyone can be a leader or manager at work, and many people don’t want the responsibilities of overseeing employees and processes. Fortunately, others feel called to work in management roles and want to make a meaningful impact on their teams and their employers.

Some managers go through company training to learn the skills they need. Others who are new to management “learn by doing,” having to figure things out as they go. Some entry-level managers start the job with formal management education under their belts, which helps them be more confident in their supervisory roles.

Associate Degree in Business Management

If a rewarding career in management is on your life’s bucket list, here’s something that can help you conquer that goal: Get a degree in business management.

The University of Cincinnati Online offers an Associate of Business Management Technology (BMTN) degree program that’s focused, flexible, and designed for today’s modern students.

Our BMTN program prepares you to move into an entry-level supervisory or management position in a wide variety of business settings, with a format that allows you to:

• Study part or full-time . If you attend full-time, you’ll get your associate degree in two years. Your time in the program will move quickly, and you’ll have your degree before you know it.
• Earn a degree online . 100% of the courses are offered online, and there are no campus visits required — a big time-saver for you.
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• Get the support you need . Our program is 100% engineered for your success. You learn from experienced educators and get access to helpful tools and technical support. We pair you with a Student Success Coordinator who’s with you from enrollment to graduation — they’ll be your biggest champion.

Business Management Curriculum

Our program curriculum is expertly designed to help you excel in the business world. You’ll complete a minimum of 60 credit hours to graduate, studying subjects that include Entrepreneurship, Financial Accounting, Introduction to Marketing, Personal Selling and Sales Management, and Fundamentals of Human Resources.

Completing UC Online’s business management degree equips you with skills that are highly sought after by employers, such as:

• Effectively communicating in a business setting
• Analyzing scenarios and drawing suitable conclusions
• Demonstrating effective team management skills
• Executing the four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
• Using critical thinking skills to solve problems and make decisions based on accepted business principles

Managers Are in Demand Today

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) expects employment in management occupations to grow 8% between 2022 to 2032, faster than the average for all occupations. With a projected 1.1 million openings each year, the opportunities for you to work in management are broad.

If you do some research online, you’ll see a variety of entry-level manager positions, including positions like these:

Ready to Grow Your Management Expertise?

A career in business management can offer a range of opportunities for personal and professional growth. With the right education and experience, individuals can develop the skills needed to succeed in this challenging and rewarding field. From leading teams and making strategic decisions to navigating complex business environments, business management requires a diverse set of skills and a commitment to lifelong learning.

Pursuing a degree in business management can be a great way to kickstart your career or take your next step in leadership. Whether you aspire to be an entrepreneur, a corporate executive, or a community leader, an associate degree in business management can help you achieve your goals and make a positive impact on the world around you.

The UC Online staff is ready to answer your questions about the Associate of Business Management Technology program. You can connect online with an advisor , or call our associate degree specialists’ team at 833-556-7877 .

We look forward to helping you manage and lead!

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Management Theories and Success in Business Essay

Introduction, management theories, reference list.

For any kind of business to be successful, different kinds of management theories must be implemented. In today’s changing business organizations, the major functions of business management need to change as well in order to suit the managerial role. This means that there should be coordination between organization, planning, coordinating and leading roles in any business management set up.

The first management theory is the scientific management theory which was developed under a classical point of view considering the large industrialized business organizations. This theory focuses on such organizations which manufacture a variety of products repeatedly. Considering the expenses involved in scientific methods and other technical operations as well as the reluctance on the part of the workers, this theory was developed to control these two situations.

Firstly, a large organization needs to divide its operations into small sections to ensure that all employees are aware of their duties. Selection and training of competent personnel for all sections is equally required to ensure quality execution of duty. Monitoring of the operations in all sections should then be done effectively for assurance purposes. Consistent practice of these measures should also be ensured (Heller, 2006, p. 1).

Another very important management theory is the administrative bureaucratic theory which defines all the principles of management. It emphasizes on division of labor where specific sections of an organization have their qualified personnel to concentrate on them. Since there is specialization in the different fields, production tends to increase.

It also identifies the need of authority going hand in hand with responsibility where leaders are required to effectively carry out their duties besides giving orders. Respect between employees and the management should as well be ensured. For instance, employees should seek approval from their leaders in a wise and disciplined manner and the leaders should as well respect the employees (Sinha, 2010, p. 1).

For any organization to be successful and enjoy full profitability, supervision of its operations should be unified such that only one superior gives instructions. This helps prevent corrupt dealings in the organization. Employees working under a certain section of the firm should be unified and work towards achieving a one goal. Additionally, the employees should put the organization’s interests before theirs all the time.

Employees are only loyal and dedicated to their work when they are paid well. It is, therefore, the duty of the management team to distribute fair wages to the employees. Consolidation of power within the organization to ensure that maximum returns are received is as well very important. Effective communication from the highest authority to the lowest is very essential is promoting success of any organization (McNamara, 2010, p. 1).

Another management theory is the contingency theory where decision making should always be based on the situation that the organization is at during that specific time. It basically involves taking actions depending on the situations at hand. The final and very important aspect of any business organization is the systems theory which unifies a whole organization with the aim of achieving a specific goal for the benefit of all those who are involved.

The idea of the system theory is to bring together different units, which may be referred to as raw materials, in an organization such as machinery in order to produce quality outputs. Through provision of quality products, the organization is able to maintain its customers and markets (Shah, 2010, p. 1).

The most important aspect of any organization’s success is the consolidation and cooperation between its management and the employees both aiming at achieving a universal goal.

Heller, R. (2006). Management Theories . Web.

McNamara, C. (2010). Brief History of Management Theories . Web.

Sinha, R. (2010). Management Theories. Web.

Shah, K. and Shah, J. P. (2010). Theories of Motivation. Web.

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The Middle Manager of the Future: More Coaching, Less Commanding

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Business Management Essays (Examples)

1000+ documents containing “business management” .

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Business major a major in business management.

Business Major A major in Business Management seems secure, and yet, it could be easily rendered an obsolete concentration. If Business Management were rendered obsolete, it would have adverse implications on the economy, on issues related to social justice, and on the ability for organizations to thrive. Especially during an economic recession, the need to develop future business leaders becomes apparent. Interviews with successful managers who were once students in an MBA/Business Management program highlights some of the reasons why business management education remains relevant, and what would happen if business management were to fall by the wayside in the academic community. Background of Major Business management is often a subset of a Bachelors of Business Administration (BBA) or Masters of Business Administration degree (MBA). Some dedicated colleges of business offer a special concentration in Business Management. For example, the Stony Brook University (2012) Business Management program offers undergraduate students "a solid foundation….

Anderson, C. (2012). Importance of business management degree? Appitive.com. Retrieved online: http://appitive.com/business/2012/02/28/importance-of-business-management-degree/

"Major: Business Administration/Management," (n.d.). Princeton Review. Retrieved online:  http://www.princetonreview.com/Majors.aspx?cip=520101&page=1 

O'Shaughnessy, L. (2011). 8 reasons not to get a business degree. CBS Money Watch. 20 Jan 2011. Retrieved online:  http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505145_162-37244200/8-reasons-not-to-get-a-business-degree/ 

Oakes, J. (2012). Interview.

Business Management Motivation and Communication

" On the subject of personal development, which company E. should encourage, McGill and Beaty (2001, pp. 85-86) write that in addressing personal development issues, an employer could devise a forum for workers to bring their issues forward. The one rule would be that the issue "is of significance" to the employee; the issues that could be discussed in the personal development session include: "personal motivation towards work"; relationships between managers and colleagues; priorities for one's self and the staff overall; the work direction of the near future. Beyond personal development, another important concept is management development, which Burgoyne and eynolds describe (p. 21) which is less "theoretical" and more "practical" than management learning, though both would be important to company E. In setting the stage for a better business future. "Management development tends to develop personal knowledge, repertoires and skills (e.g., time management, stress management, assertiveness, team work, presentations, influencing, negotiating,….

Burgoyne, John, & Reynolds, Michael (1997), Management Learning: Integrating Perspectives in Theory and Practice, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California, pp. 21, 151, 119.

Guirdham, Maureen (2002). Interactive Behaviour at Work, Prentice Hall, New York, pp. 46, 53, 348-49, 539.

Handy, Charles (1993), Understanding Organizations, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 116, 225-227.

Heathfield, Susan (2004), "Change, Change, Change: Change Management Lessons from the Field," Your Guide to Human Resources, About.com, www.about.com.

Management and Business Management Theories and Principles

Management and Business Management Theories and Principles of Each eading The Fifth Discipline forces managers to look at the way in which learning disabilities which are common to organizations can actually stunt their growth and progress. The author targets several common learning disabilities which can riddle even powerful organizations, they are: identifying with only one position, external enemies, the illusion of taking charge, fixation on events, the parable of the boiled frog, the delusion of learning from experience, the myth of the boiled frog and others (Pierce & Newstrom, 2010). These examples serve to demonstrate how common misconceptions can act as shackles towards growth in even a promising company or firm. This chapter highlights the laws of the fifth discipline as well, demonstrating important lessons such as how the cure can be worse than the disease and other true facts of engaging in business (Pierce & Newstrom, 2010). The section on competitive advantage….

Pierce, J., & Newstrom, J. (2010). The Manager's Bookshelf: A Mosaic of Contemporary Views. Prentice Hall.

Business Management Supply Chain Management Is a

Business Management Supply chain management is a process conducted by several business entities, which involves planning, implementing and controlling any production and supply activities, with an aim of providing it to consumers in efficient ways. While supplying, there are intermediaries who play a role in connecting producers and consumers, who ensure efficiency in the supply chain too. Supply management is done to ensure collaboration between the intermediaries (Catholic elief Services, 1999, pg 14). Planning and control system aids in define rules under which the business operates and within a given set of resources. Planning and controlling department depend on the information given by supply department for effective control of the business (Muehlen, 2004, pg 35). Primary forecasting techniques For a product-producing firm, it often uses primary forecasting techniques to determine the amount of goods demanded in the near future, with several quantitative and qualitative techniques initiated. Qualitative techniques involve rating schemes from informed….

Blythe, J.A. (2005). Business-to-Business Marketing Management. Bolton: Cengage Learning EMEA.

Hutt, M.A. (2009). Business Marketing Management. United Kingdom: Cengage Learning.

Monks, J. (1996). Scham's Outline of Operation Management. Chicago: McGraw Hill Professional.

Muehlen, M. (2004). Workflow-Based Process Controlling. New York: Michael Zur Muehlen.

Business Management -- Leadership Issues

It would also be appropriate where management is too removed from the impact of their operational decisions to gauge the effects of those decisions on the working conditions of the employees who are responsible for implementing them. Finally, the participative leadership style would also be appropriate for introduction where long-time experienced personnel are exhibiting a lack of morale or enthusiasm for their work or where there is a low level of "buy-in" on their part to management decisions or to the organization's operational or strategic goals. 8. Define delegation and empowerment; describe two key components of developing each (delegation and empowerment); and explain why both of these forms of participative leadership are valuable to an organization. Delegation has always been a fundamental aspect of business management because it is absolutely necessary to the underlying concept of hierarchical management functions. In principle, delegation simply means that supervisors, managers, and others in positions….

Business - Management the Four Major Functions

usiness - Management The Four Major Functions of usiness Management At the turn of the twentieth century, Henri Fayol, a French industrialist, outlined his theory of business management. He proposed that managers focus their responsibilities in the areas of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. In planning, goals are defined, strategies are established, and activities coordinated. It is a decisional role that involves entrepreneurial activities, problem solving, negotiating, and techniques in persuasion. The planning stages may be short or long-term, and may be specific in nature, focusing on a single set of tasks, or directional where planning is used to determine goals for the future. Plans can be organized into two areas of thought: strategic and operational. Strategic plans launch overall objectives for the breadth of the organization, and consider the environment in which the organization is situated. In operational planning, individual objectives rather than organizational goals are the concern, and the details of….

Bibliography

Choo, C.W. (1995). Development of Management Thought. Retrieved January 20, 2004.

Web site:  http://choo.fis.utoronto.ca/fis/courses/lis1230/lis1230sharma/history2.htm

Business Management Principles -- Questions From Powerpoint

Business Management Principles -- Questions from PowerPoint Chapter Described the major factors that have influenced the evolution of management thought. The major factors that have influenced the evolution of management thought are economic, social, political, technological, and global factors. Generally, economic factors relate to resource availability and distribution in society; social factors consist of culture and interpersonal issues; political factors relate to the effects of political institutions; technological factors relate to the ways that the evolution of hardware devices and systems affect business; and global factors consist of the ways that the evolution of a global market place affects the conduct of business and business practices. Identify and describe the central focus of the following subfields of the classical perspective on management: Scientific Management Scientific management emphasizes the productivity of individual workers. Its original theorist was American Frederick Taylor and it had also been referred to as "Taylorism." He studied the minute ways that task….

Lewis, P.S., Goodman, S.H., Fandy, P.M., Michlitsch, J.F. (2007). Management:

Challenges for Tomorrow's Leaders. Chapter 2 -- Evolution of Management

Business Management -- Human Resource

The Digital Lifestyle Our employees already rely substantially on digital communications and mobile connectivity to communicate and coordinate on a 24-hour basis. Supervisors are issued dedicated company mobile devices. Global Diversity The organization has already positioned itself to maximize cultural awareness and sensitivity both internally and externally. New Security Our it security policies, procedures, protocols, and processes are continually tested and updated to address the evolving nature of the potential threats environment. 6. Is your H department in a position to handle Business Futures actions? Yes. The nature of our business does not directly relate to the substantive areas of future business trends. However, to the extent any future business trend issues do relate to the organization, executive management has already demonstrated a commitment to staying either on pace or ahead of evolving trends. The organization has fully incorporated all of the policies, procedures, and processes necessitated by every conceivable future trend that does impact the organization. As….

References:

Maxwell, J.C. (2007). The 21 Irrefutable Rules of Leadership. Georgia: Maxwell

Motivation Co.

Noe, R., Hollenbeck, J.R., Gerhart, B., and Wright, P. (2009). Human Resource

Management. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Analysis of the Apparent Disconnect between Human esources and Management In this case, Sue has taken it upon herself that specific human resource practices are the right course for her new organization despite explicit indications from management that those particular practices do not fit the organization's strategic vision, organizational values, or available resources. In her inexperience, Sue has employed a myopic view of the concept of best practices, largely oblivious to the significance of best fit (George & Jones, 2008). Sue has assumed that all best practices in her previous professional environment necessarily correspond to best practices in her current environment. In fact, the distinguishing features between the two entities whose relevance and significance Sue fails to appreciate make the approach that works in the public sector inappropriate for a private-sector organizations such as that of her current firm. Generally, employment opportunities in the public sector offer different comparative benefits and limitations….

George, J.M. And Jones, G.R. (2008). Understanding and Managing Organizational

Behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Gerrig, R.J. And Zimbardo, P.G. (2008). Psychology and Life. New York: Pearson.

Robbins, S.P. And Judge, T.A. (2009). Organizational Behavior. Upper Saddle River,

Business Management and Business Policy

Without this level of foresight and planning an organization will have three to six months of one direction then another. The side-effect is that over a year nothing strategic gets accomplished. A CEO needs to define then a series of interlinked and interrelated plans where it is communicated and recognized that there may be one or two quarters of foundation-building where nothing significant happens, yet this time period is specifically focused on building for the future. In publicly-held companies with the pressure to produce results every 90 days for investors, CEOs have a tough job of explaining a quarter or two of time invested for future growth. Ultimately the need to bring change into an organization based on technology also needs to include a high level of ownership throughout the organization. This aspect of change is defined by Aguirre, Calderone, Jones (2004), where their research concentrates on how technological change needs to be underscored by infusion of ownership by employees at the same time.….

Business Management -- Communications Issues

More particularly, the tremendous percentage of young people on Kava makes education and professional development paramount in importance both from the perspective of maintaining the reliable workforce necessary for the success of this organization's ventures to the extent they depend on local labor and also for the long-term viability and benefit of the Kava community. Therefore, a significant portion of this organization's efforts must emphasize the provision of educational opportunities and professional training to allow the many young members of the indigenous population to acquire the requisite skills and education to contribute productively to their community, to benefit personally, and to support the maximum profitability of the ventures established by this organization. Organizational and Environmental Obstacles, and takeholders Impacted The principal groups of stakeholder likely to be impacted by the decisions of this organization are: (1) the indigenous population and their descendants; (2) this organization and all of those individuals and families….

Sources Consulted

Robbins, S.P. And Judge, T.A. (2009). Organizational Behavior. (5th Ed). Upper Saddle

River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Business Management Responsible Management of Roles Within

Business Management Responsible Management of Roles within the Business Culture: The Acme Minerals Extraction Company Case Study The case study of the Acme Minerals Extraction Company is characterized by a conflict arising from two groups within the organization, composed of the geologists, geophysicists, and engineers (first group) and the skilled and semi-skilled laborers (second group). This faction between the 'brains' and 'brawns' group in Acme has brought about increased organizational instability and lower productivity due to the groups' conflict. Suzanne Howard, who spearheaded the establishment of a program "that would improve productivity and morale" among the company's employees, developed a four-step plan that aims to bring together the brain and brawn groups. The model of Responsible Management of Power, wherein empowerment among employees is achieved through a four-way process, characterizes the program. Howard has first gone through the process of imposing three functionary groups within the company: the operations, below ground, and….

Where that is accomplished, formal disciplinary and termination policies do protect organizations against wrongful termination liability. In principle, the worst possible scenario is where such policies exist but without sufficient training to assure that they are not violated when they apply. Succession Planning Programs In my opinion, effective succession planning must be a continual and ongoing process if it is to have the desired results and achieve its desired objectives. While it is important to conduct annual reviews of the succession plans themselves, such infrequent employee reviews may lead to a cursory process instead of a more genuine process. More importantly, as you point out, all employees must believe that they are eligible for fair career development opportunities through fundamentally objective evaluation processes and procedures. Where employees begin to feel that only members of a preferred "club" are genuinely eligible for advancement, the organization may lose much of the motivational value….

Business Management Major Was Developed in Part

Business Management Major was developed in part on the principle that Business Managers are essential to shaping America's future leaders. Business Managers are responsible in the field for providing diverse and innovative insight into organizations worldwide. A successful Business Major will come away from college with forward thinking notions, creative insight and a disciplined spirit (Harriman, 2003). Career opportunities that often result from studying Business Management include management positions that include but are certainly not limited to the following general areas: manufacturing, business consulting, financial planning, banking, sales, marketing, H, personnel, engineering (Harriman, 2003). Business Major's are expected to have a dynamic impact in the workplace, and offer insight, political savvy and problem solving ability in a global workforce. The education and course of study required of business managers prepares them in a variety of ways to be effective in the workplace. CONEPTUAL UNDEPINNINGS/STATEGIES/BODY OF KNOWLEDGE Business Management major typically incorporates study….

Davis, Brian; Skube, Carol; Hellervik, Lowell; Gebelein, Susan; Sheard, James. Successful Manager's Handbook. Personnel Decisions International, 1992

DeLuca, Joel R. Political Savvy: Systematic Approaches to Leadership. Evergreen Business Group, Berwyn: 1999.

Harriman. "Business Management Major." Harriman School for Management, November 26, 2003,  http://www.sunysb.edu/harriman/major.htm 

Kaye, Beverly; Jordan-Evans, Sharon. Love 'Em or Lose 'Em, Getting Good People to Stay. Berret Koehler Publishers, Inc., San Francisco: 1999.

Managing Across Cultures Business Management

Need theories discover the kinds of needs that motivate people but it lacks to explain how people decide to behave in a certain manner for the satisfaction of their needs (Campbell, 1983). b) Process Theories: These theories explain the thought processes. These thought processes guide certain behaviors through decisions and action to be applied in response to satisfy certain need. Two significant approaches are Vroom's expectancy theory and Adam's equity theory. These theories are helpful in understanding human action that responds to their needs. However it fails to understand continuous people behavior in a certain way. c) einforcement theories: These theories identify the rationale behind people's behavior and examine the influence of consequences on behavior and suggest that people behavior is directly related to the consequences of their action. In the reinforcement theories the law of effect states that behaviors with pleasant consequences are more likely to be repeated then the….

Bovee, C. 2000. Management McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Baumeister, R.F, 2004. Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications, New

York: Guilford Press, p. 574, ISBN 1572309911,  http://books.google.com/?id=7CeE67IrVDUC&dq 

Carver, C.S, 2001. On the self-regulation of behavior, New York: Cambridge University Press,

Business - Management

Business Major A major in Business Management seems secure, and yet, it could be easily rendered an obsolete concentration. If Business Management were rendered obsolete, it would have adverse implications…

" On the subject of personal development, which company E. should encourage, McGill and Beaty (2001, pp. 85-86) write that in addressing personal development issues, an employer could devise a…

Management and Business Management Theories and Principles of Each eading The Fifth Discipline forces managers to look at the way in which learning disabilities which are common to organizations can actually…

Business Management Supply chain management is a process conducted by several business entities, which involves planning, implementing and controlling any production and supply activities, with an aim of providing it…

It would also be appropriate where management is too removed from the impact of their operational decisions to gauge the effects of those decisions on the working conditions…

usiness - Management The Four Major Functions of usiness Management At the turn of the twentieth century, Henri Fayol, a French industrialist, outlined his theory of business management. He proposed that…

Business Management Principles -- Questions from PowerPoint Chapter Described the major factors that have influenced the evolution of management thought. The major factors that have influenced the evolution of management thought…

The Digital Lifestyle Our employees already rely substantially on digital communications and mobile connectivity to communicate and coordinate on a 24-hour basis. Supervisors are issued dedicated company mobile devices. Global Diversity The organization…

Analysis of the Apparent Disconnect between Human esources and Management In this case, Sue has taken it upon herself that specific human resource practices are the right course for her…

Without this level of foresight and planning an organization will have three to six months of one direction then another. The side-effect is that over a year nothing strategic gets accomplished.…

More particularly, the tremendous percentage of young people on Kava makes education and professional development paramount in importance both from the perspective of maintaining the reliable workforce necessary…

Business Management Responsible Management of Roles within the Business Culture: The Acme Minerals Extraction Company Case Study The case study of the Acme Minerals Extraction Company is characterized by a conflict…

Where that is accomplished, formal disciplinary and termination policies do protect organizations against wrongful termination liability. In principle, the worst possible scenario is where such policies exist but…

Business Management Major was developed in part on the principle that Business Managers are essential to shaping America's future leaders. Business Managers are responsible in the field for providing…

Need theories discover the kinds of needs that motivate people but it lacks to explain how people decide to behave in a certain manner for the satisfaction of…

Business Essay Examples

13 Business Essay Examples for Students

14 min read

Published on: May 1, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 30, 2024

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Are you struggling to figure out the structure, research, or data required to make your essay stand out? Or frustrated by the lack of inspiration and ideas for your essay?

But don't give up yet! We have a powerful solution that will make your essay writing a breeze. Our list of business essay examples is here to help! 

We have compiled expertly written business essay examples that will illustrate how to write a striking business essay.

With our examples, you'll be able to see how to structure your essay and generate creative ideas for your topic. And our tips will help you make the most of these examples.

So, let's dive in and get ready to learn!

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What is a Business Essay?

A business essay is a type of academic writing that focuses on business-related topics and issues. These essays can cover a wide range of topics such as marketing, finance, management, entrepreneurship, and more.

The importance of business essay lies in presenting a well-researched and informed analysis. To do this effectively, writers need to conduct extensive research and analysis on the topic at hand.

Referring to examples of business essays can help you gain insight into the structure, tone, and content of a well-written essay.

Business Essay Examples For Students

Here is a list of business writing examples

Business Essay Examples Pdf

Business Essay Example Grade 10

Business Essay Example Grade 11

A Level Business Essay Examples

University Business Essay Examples

International Business Essay Examples

Short Essay About Business

College Essay About Starting A Business

Types of Business Essay with Examples

When it comes to business essay writing, there are several different types that you might encounter. 

Here's a brief overview of each type, including their characteristics and an example of each.

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Case Studies

A case study is an in-depth analysis of a specific business situation or problem. It involves extensive research and data analysis to provide recommendations.

Case studies often showcase the application of theory to real-world business scenarios.

Research Papers

Research papers involve a more academic approach to business writing. They typically require an extensive literature review, data analysis, and original research. 

Business research papers aim to contribute new knowledge to the field of business. These often involve a hypothesis or research question.

Argumentative Essays

Argumentative business essays aim to persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action. They present an argument and use evidence and logic to support their claims. 

Argumentative essays can address various business topics such as management practices, ethical issues, or market trends.

White Papers

A white paper is a document that provides a detailed explanation of a particular issue or problem, often with recommendations or solutions. 

White papers are typically used to educate stakeholders about a specific topic. These are often used in the business-to-business (B2B) context.

Comparative Essays 

Comparative business essays compare and contrast two or more topics or ideas. They typically analyze the similarities and differences between the topics to evaluate their pros and cons. 

Comparative essays can focus on various aspects such as products, companies, markets, or strategies.

How to Structure Your Business Essays

As you begin writing your business essay, it's important to structure it in a clear and organized way. 

Here's a step-by-step guide with business essay samples to help you do just that:

Executive Summary

The executive summary is a brief overview of your entire essay. It should summarize your main points and highlight your recommendations. 

This section should be written after completing the essay, as it gives a clear picture of what the essay covers. 

Here is how you start a business essay sample:

Introduction

The introduction sets the stage for the rest of the essay. It should introduce the topic, provide background information, and explain the purpose of the essay. 

Here is a business essay introduction example:

Industry Analysis

In this section, you'll conduct a thorough analysis of the industry in which the business operates. You should examine factors such as competition, market trends, and customer behavior. 

Here is a sample industry analysis

Key Issues or Problems

This section should identify the main issues or problems faced by the business. You should provide evidence to support your claims and analyze the impact of these issues. 

Here is an example paragraph:

Solutions or Recommendation

Here, you'll provide solutions or recommendations to address the issues identified in the previous section. Your solutions should be well-supported and feasible. 

For instance:

Implementation Plan

For this part, you'll outline a plan for implementing the solutions or recommendations you've proposed. This is sort of a description of the business model you suggest. 

This section should be detailed and include specific action steps. 

For example:

Finally, you'll wrap up your essay by summarizing your main points and reiterating your recommendations. 

This section should be clear, concise, and impactful. 

By following this structure, your business essay will be well-organized, coherent, and easy to follow for your readers.

Tips for Using Business Essay Examples Effectively

Now that you have quite a few business essay examples at hand, you should know how to use them effectively:

• Use them as a guide, not a template : While it's great to learn from examples, you should never copy them outright. Instead, use them as a starting point for your own research and writing.
• Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the essay : Take note of what works well in the example essay, as well as any areas that could be improved. This will help you understand how to make your own essay even better.
• Use them to inform your own research and writing : Pay attention to the research methods, sources, and evidence used in the example essay. This can give you ideas for your own research and help you strengthen your arguments.
• Avoid plagiarism and ensure proper citation: Whenever you use ideas or information from an example, make sure to cite your sources. This will help you avoid plagiarism and maintain academic integrity.

You now have a plenty of business essay examples on different topics to help you get started!

By following our tips and studying the sample essays, you can confidently write your own essays that are clear, concise, and impactful. 

However, if you still find yourself struggling with your business essays, just reach out to our professional business essay writing service . 

We have the best online essay writing service and are ready to provide you a high-quality business. Our writing service has subject specialist writers who can tackle any business essay topic.  

So why wait? Contact us today and let our AI essay writer take your business essays to the next level!

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Business Management Extended Essay Topic Ideas and RQs

Table of contents

• Writing Metier

If you’re gearing up to write your Business Management Extended Essay and feeling a bit overwhelmed with where to start, you’re in the right place. In this article, we will walk you through various IB BM EE topics that span across different aspects of business management. 

From organizational culture and leadership dynamics to financial management and even diving into some of the most buzzing modern business trends of 2023 and 2024, we’ve got you covered. 

Whether you’re fascinated by the impact of AI in finance or curious about how businesses are tackling sustainability, these topics are designed to spark your interest and guide your research.

No more long introductions; let me go straight to the Business Management extended essay topics list.

Business Management EE Topics

Here are nine topics and corresponding research questions for each subcategory, starting from organizational culture and leadership.

Impact of Leadership Styles on Organizational Culture

Topic:  The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Culture in Tech Startups

Research Question:  How does transformational leadership impact the organizational culture in emerging tech startups?

Topic:  Autocratic Leadership and Its Influence on Corporate Culture in Traditional Manufacturing Companies

Research Question:  What is the impact of autocratic leadership on the organizational culture within established manufacturing companies?

Topic:  Comparing the Effects of Democratic and Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles on Organizational Culture in Non-Profit Organizations

Research Question:  How do democratic and laissez-faire leadership styles differently influence organizational culture in non-profit organizations?

The Role of Organizational Culture in Mergers and Acquisitions

Topic:  Cultural Integration Challenges in Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions

Research Question:  What are the key challenges of cultural integration in cross-border mergers and acquisitions, and how do they affect the success of the merger?

Topic:  The Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Retention During Mergers in the Banking Sector

Research Question:  How does organizational culture influence employee retention during mergers in the banking industry?

Topic:  Assessing the Role of Organizational Culture in the Success of Mergers and Acquisitions in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Research Question:  What role does organizational culture play in determining the success of mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical sector?

How Leadership Adaptation Influences Employee Morale and Productivity

Topic:  Leadership Adaptation in Remote Work Environments and Its Impact on Employee Morale

Research Question:  How does leadership adaptation in remote work settings affect employee morale?

Topic:  The Effect of Adaptive Leadership in Times of Organizational Change on Employee Productivity

Research Question:  In what ways does adaptive leadership during organizational change impact employee productivity?

Topic:  Evaluating the Influence of Leadership Adaptation Strategies in Multicultural Organizations on Employee Productivity

Research Question:  How do leadership adaptation strategies in multicultural organizations influence employee productivity?

Alright, after exploring how leadership shapes a company’s culture, let’s shift our focus to marketing. It’s a whole different ball game where creativity meets strategy, and we’re going to see how businesses reach out to their customers and build their brands.

Marketing Strategies

Effectiveness of Social Media Marketing in Small Businesses

Topic:  Social Media Marketing Strategies and Their Success Rate in Local Cafés and Restaurants

Research Question:  How effective are social media marketing strategies in enhancing customer engagement and sales in local cafés and restaurants?

Consumer Response to Green Marketing Practices

Topic:  The Impact of Green Marketing on Consumer Purchasing Decisions in the Cosmetics Industry

Research Question:  How do green marketing practices influence consumer purchasing decisions in the cosmetics industry?

The Impact of Branding on Customer Loyalty in the Retail Sector

Topic:  Branding Strategies and Customer Loyalty in Fast Fashion Retailers

Research Question:  How do branding strategies affect customer loyalty in the fast fashion retail sector?

Now, moving on from the flashy world of marketing, it’s time to talk about the backbone of any business – its people. Human Resources isn’t just about hiring and firing; it’s about nurturing a workforce that can take a company to new heights.

Human Resources Management

The Influence of Employee Training Programs on Organizational Efficiency

Topic:  The Effectiveness of Digital Skills Training Programs on Employee Performance in IT Companies

Research Question:  How do digital skills training programs influence employee performance and organizational efficiency in IT companies?

Strategies for Managing Workplace Diversity

Topic:  Diversity Management Strategies and Their Impact on Team Performance in Multinational Corporations

Research Question:  What is the impact of diversity management strategies on team performance in multinational corporations?

The Role of Motivational Theories in Employee Retention

Topic:  Application of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Employee Retention Strategies in the Hospitality Industry

Research Question:  How does the application of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in employee retention strategies affect staff turnover in the hospitality industry?

Next up, let’s talk ethics and social responsibility. This is where businesses show they’re about more than just profits. It’s about doing the right thing and making a positive impact on society and the environment.

Corporate Ethics and Social Responsibility

ontinuing in the same vein, here are topics and research questions for the categories of Corporate Ethics and Social Responsibility, and Globalization and International Business:

The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Image

Topic:  Analyzing the Influence of CSR Initiatives on Consumer Perceptions in the Fast-Food Industry

Research Question:  How do corporate social responsibility initiatives impact brand image and consumer loyalty in the fast-food industry?

Ethical Considerations in Advertising Campaigns

Topic:  The Ethics of Emotional Appeals in Children’s Advertising

Research Question:  What are the ethical implications of using emotional appeals in advertising targeted at children, and how does this affect brand reputation ?

Business Responses to Environmental Sustainability Challenges

Topic:  Sustainable Practices and Their Impact on Corporate Performance in the Automotive Industry

Research Question:  How have environmental sustainability challenges shaped the operational practices of companies in the automotive industry, and what has been the impact on their corporate performance?

From the moral compass of businesses, we’re now stepping into the global arena. International business is a complex and exciting field, where cultures collide and businesses expand beyond borders.

Globalization and International Business

Challenges and Strategies of Entering New International Markets

Topic:  Market Entry Strategies and Challenges for Retail Businesses Expanding into Emerging Markets

Research Question:  What are the key challenges and effective strategies for retail businesses entering emerging international markets?

The Impact of Globalization on Small Local Businesses

Topic:  The Effects of Global E-Commerce Giants on Local Retail Businesses

Research Question:  How has the rise of global e-commerce platforms impacted the survival and strategies of small local retail businesses?

Cross-Cultural Communication and Its Effect on Business Negotiations

Topic:  The Role of Cross-Cultural Communication in Successful International Business Partnerships

Research Question:  How does effective cross-cultural communication influence the outcomes of business negotiations in international partnerships?

After looking at the big picture of global business, it’s time to zoom in on the numbers. Financial management and accounting are crucial for any business to thrive, especially in today’s fast-paced economic environment.

Financial Management and Accounting

Continuing with the topics and research questions for Financial Management and Accounting, and Operations Management:

Analysis of Risk Management in Investment Decisions

Topic:  Risk Management Strategies in Cryptocurrency Investments

Research Question:  How do modern risk management strategies impact investment decisions in the volatile cryptocurrency market?

The Role of Financial Planning in Business Growth

Topic:  Financial Planning and Its Impact on SME Expansion

Research Question:  What role does strategic financial planning play in the growth and expansion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)?

Comparative Study of Traditional vs. Digital Accounting Practices

Topic:  The Transition from Traditional to Digital Accounting: A Comparative Analysis

Research Question:  How does the transition from traditional to digital accounting practices affect the efficiency and accuracy of financial reporting in medium-sized enterprises?

And from the world of numbers and spreadsheets, let’s move to the action-packed area of operations. This is where plans and strategies become real products and services, the real nuts and bolts of a business.

Operations Management

Efficiency of Lean Management Techniques in Manufacturing

Topic:  Implementing Lean Manufacturing Techniques in the Automotive Industry

Research Question:  How do lean management techniques improve operational efficiency and product quality in the automotive manufacturing industry?

The Role of Technology in Supply Chain Management

Topic:  The Impact of Blockchain Technology on Supply Chain Transparency

Research Question:  How is blockchain technology transforming supply chain management practices, particularly in terms of transparency and efficiency?

Quality Control Measures and Their Impact on Consumer Satisfaction

Topic:  Quality Control in the Pharmaceutical Industry and Its Effect on Consumer Trust

Research Question:  How do quality control measures in the pharmaceutical industry impact consumer satisfaction and trust?

These topics are designed to delve into key aspects of Financial Management and Accounting, and Operations Management, offering a platform for in-depth analysis and exploration. 

Alright, let’s switch gears and look at what’s happening in the business world right now. We’re moving into areas like artificial intelligence, sustainability, and the gig economy. These are the hot topics that are really defining how businesses operate and succeed in our current times. 

It’s all about staying ahead and being in tune with the latest trends and technologies.

BM Extended essay topics in 2023/2024

A list of 12 contemporary and engaging topics for a Business Management Extended Essay, each accompanied by a relevant research question. 

These topics are tailored to reflect modern business trends and issues pertinent to 2023 & 2024:

• Research Question:  How is artificial intelligence transforming decision-making processes in major financial institutions?
• Research Question:  How are leading fashion brands integrating sustainability strategies to address environmental concerns?
• Research Question:  How is virtual reality technology being used to enhance customer experience and engagement in retail businesses?
• Research Question:  What factors contribute to the success of subscription-based business models in the entertainment industry?
• Research Question:  How does influencer marketing impact consumer purchasing decisions in the beauty industry?
• Research Question:  How are corporations adapting their employment structures in response to the rise of the gig economy?
• Research Question:  What impact do remote work policies have on employee productivity and well-being in IT companies?
• Research Question:  What are the opportunities and challenges presented by the adoption of blockchain technology in supply chain management?
• Research Question:  How are businesses adapting their marketing strategies to cope with changes in social media algorithms?
• Research Question:  How do ethical and sustainable practices influence consumer attitudes and choices in the fast food industry?
• Research Question:  How is big data being utilized for personalized marketing strategies in e-commerce platforms?
• Research Question:  What crisis management strategies were effective for hospitality businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Need a Helping Hand?

Just a quick heads-up! Refrain from sweating if you’re stuck with choosing the perfect topic or if the thought of writing and editing your IB Extended Essay seems daunting. You’re not alone in this. The team at Writing Metier and our  expert extended essay writers  are here to lend a hand. 

Whether you need fresh ideas for your topic, guidance in structuring your essay, or a professional eye to edit and refine your work, we’ve got your back. 

So, if you need that extra boost to make your essay shine, don’t hesitate to contact Writing Metier . We’re all about helping IB students like you nail their Extended Essays!

Btw.. if you are searching for BM IA topics, this article is for you!

Wrapping up!

And there you have it! We’ve journeyed through various Business Management topics, each offering a unique lens to view and analyze the business world. 

Whether you were drawn to the traditional aspects of business like marketing strategies and human resources, or found yourself intrigued by the challenges of globalization and the latest trends in the business sphere, we hope this list has given you the inspiration and direction you need for your Extended Essay. 

And always remember, the key to an excellent business management extended essay is not just choosing the right topic , but also bringing your own curiosity and perspective to it. 

So, pick a topic that resonates with you, dive into the research, and let your insights shine.

Free topic suggestions

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Vasyl Kafidoff is a co-founder and CEO at WritingMetier. He is interested in education and how modern technology makes it more accessible. He wants to bring awareness about new learning possibilities as an educational specialist. When Vasy is not working, he’s found behind a drum kit.

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One of the very important requirements of an IB diploma is the extended essay. This really helps bring up the total score. And one problem students face here is gathering ideas for their IB extended essay. Here is some guiding information that can help with extended essay topics.

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This article serves as a launchpad for students crafting their Economics Extended Essays, offering a diverse array of topics that span from the intricacies of microeconomic market structures to the broad strokes of macroeconomic policy. It provides a rich tapestry of ideas, inviting exploration into the complex interplay between economic theory and real-world application across various branches such as labor, environmental, and health economics.

IB Physics Extended Essay Topics for IB

Struggling to find the right topic for your IB Physics Extended Essay? Our comprehensive list of over 100 ideas is here to inspire your scientific exploration. Discover a range of topics from quantum physics to astrophysics, tailored to ignite your curiosity and academic ambition.

Extended Essay Requirements Updates for the Years 2024/2025

We have selected the main features of International Baccalaureate extended essays in one article. Below you will find a list of main requirements for the extended essay format. Let's start with key features.

Fail your IB Extended essay? What to do?

Many students in the IB program have one big fear: what happens if they fail the IB extended essay? Will they get a second chance to pass? Is there any way they can redeem themselves? If you're in the same boat and worry about what you'll do if you fail your extended essay, then this guide can help you.

Extended Essay Grading in the IB Program

Check the latest nuances of the IB Extended Essay with Writing Metier. From grading insights to firsthand experiences, we've got your EE queries covered. Let our seasoned team guide you to unlock success in your Extended Essay.

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Business Essay Topics to Write with Impact

Business essays are a common requirement for students pursuing various business-related courses. The key lies in choosing a familiar subject out of various business essay ideas that spark inspiration, one that can be thoroughly researched with ample sources, intriguing facts, or statistical data. In this article, we offer a comprehensive list of business essay topics ideas for you to write a paper that is unmatched!

Business Essay Topics Ideas: Navigating the Selection Process

Selecting the most suitable business essay topics can prove to be a challenging endeavor. Due to the intricate and sensitive nature of the subject, it is crucial to handle business terminologies with care while ensuring that your chosen topic remains intact. To aid you in this process, our custom coursework writing has compiled a set of important tips that will assist you in identifying an impressive essay topic.

• First and foremost, choose a topic that aligns with your personal interests and passions. This will not only make the writing business essay more enjoyable but also enable you to delve deeper into the subject matter.
• Additionally, opt for a business essay topic that offers a wide scope for research. Having access to a wealth of resources and information will enhance the quality and depth of your analysis.
• Select argumentative business essay topics that provide a rich pool of information and sources for reference. This ensures that you have a solid foundation to support your arguments and analysis.
• Prioritize topics that offer evidence, examples, or facts to substantiate the major points of your thesis statement. This not only strengthens your arguments but also demonstrates your understanding of the subject matter.
• Avoid the temptation to opt for overly broad subjects, as they can be challenging to cover comprehensively within the given deadline. Instead, focus on more specific aspects that allow for in-depth analysis and exploration. For instance, if you're writing an expository paper, you can enhance your approach by utilizing an expository essay outline . This will help you structure your major points more efficiently and ensure a clear and logical flow of ideas in your writing. 
• For case studies, consider selecting a business essay example centered around well-established companies and discussing their successes or failures. By offering concrete solutions, you can showcase your critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

50+ Business Essay Topics Ideas: Unleashing the Best Choice

While there is an abundance of business essay topics ideas to explore, we have curated a selection of exceptional choices to assist you in this endeavor. Take a thorough look at our handpicked list and discover an ideal topic that will serve as a solid foundation for crafting a detailed and engaging business essay.

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Business Management Essay Topics

Business management is a broad field that covers various topics affecting the management of business operations. It encompasses finance, marketing, sales, human resources, and supply chain management. The principles of business management are applicable to all types of businesses, whether small or large. Here are some topics from our ' Do my essay ' experts that can help you explore this area.

• Leadership Styles and Their Impact on Organizational Performance: Analyze different leadership styles (e.g., autocratic, democratic, transformational) and their effects on employee motivation, job satisfaction, and overall organizational performance.
• The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Effective Management: Explore the importance of emotional intelligence in managerial roles, examining how self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, and social skills contribute to effective leadership and team management.
• Strategic Human Resource Management: Discuss the role of human resource management in achieving organizational objectives, focusing on topics such as talent acquisition, employee development, performance management, and retention strategies.
• Ethical Decision Making in Business: Examine ethical challenges faced by managers and organizations, analyzing frameworks and approaches for making ethical decisions and creating an ethical culture within the business environment.
• Change Management and Organizational Resilience: Explore strategies for effectively managing organizational change, considering topics such as change communication, employee engagement, resistance management, and building organizational resilience.
• Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Discuss the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in driving business growth and success. Analyze topics such as fostering a culture of innovation, managing risk, and strategies for promoting entrepreneurial thinking within organizations.
• Strategic Marketing Management: Examine the importance of strategic marketing in achieving competitive advantage, discussing topics such as market segmentation, targeting, branding, product development, pricing, and promotional strategies.

Business Law Essay Topics

Business law is a critical component of any business operation. It covers a wide range of topics, including contracts, intellectual property, securities, and trade secrets. Here are some business law essay topics:

• The Role of Intellectual Property Laws in Protecting Innovation and Creativity in the Business World.
• The Legal and Ethical Implications of Data Privacy and Cybersecurity in Business Operations.
• Corporate Social Responsibility: Balancing Legal Obligations and Ethical Considerations in Business Practices.
• The Impact of Antitrust Laws on Promoting Fair Competition and Preventing Monopolies in the Market.
• The Legal Challenges and Opportunities of International Business Transactions: Navigating Cross-Border Trade and Investment Laws.
• The Role of Employment Laws in Protecting Employee Rights and Promoting Fair Labor Practices in the Workplace.
• The Legal and Ethical Implications of Corporate Governance: Ensuring Accountability and Transparency in Business Organizations.
• The Impact of Consumer Protection Laws on Safeguarding Consumer Rights and Regulating Business Practices.
• Legal Challenges and Strategies for Managing Contracts and Negotiations in Business Transactions.
• The Role of Environmental Regulations in Balancing Business Operations and Sustainable Development.

Business Ethics Essay Topics

Business ethics refers to the set of moral principles that govern the decisions and actions of businesses, and if you need assistance, professionals can help you ' write my research paper ' to explore this topic in-depth. Meanwhile, here are some business ethics essay topics:

• Ethical Dilemmas in the Workplace: Analyzing Real-Life Scenarios and Decision-Making Processes.
• The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Promoting Ethical Business Practices.
• The Impact of Ethical Leadership on Organizational Culture and Employee Behavior.
• Ethical Considerations in Marketing and Advertising: Balancing Profitability and Consumer Protection.
• The Ethics of Workplace Diversity and Inclusion: Promoting Equality and Fairness.
• Ethical Issues in Supply Chain Management: Ensuring Fair Labor Practices and Environmental Sustainability.
• The Ethical Implications of Technology and Artificial Intelligence in Business Operations.
• Whistleblowing and Corporate Misconduct: The Role of Ethics in Promoting Accountability.
• The Ethics of Corporate Governance: Ensuring Transparency and Responsible Decision-Making.
• Ethical Challenges in International Companies: Navigating Cultural Differences and Corruption Risks.

Business Administration Essay Topics

Business administration covers various topics related to the administration and management of business operations. Here are some ideas you can also use as dissertation topics :

• Effective strategies for managing employee diversity in business operations.
• Effective supply chain management strategies.
• Business incubation and entrepreneur support strategies.
• Effective leadership and its impact on business performance.
• Best practices in business decision-making and problem-solving.

International Business Essay Topics

International business operations are characteristic of companies that operate on a global scale. Here are some international business essay topics:

• The impact of globalization on international business operations.
• The impact of cultural differences on international business negotiations and operations.
• Digital transformation challenges and opportunities for global businesses.
• Effective entry strategies for multinational corporations into emerging markets.
• Effective strategies for managing global supply chain operations.

And if If you're wondering how to write a nursing essay focused on international business operations, here are some essay topics to consider:

• The Impact of Globalization on Nursing Practice: Analyze how globalization has influenced the nursing profession on a global scale, considering factors such as international collaboration, workforce migration, and cross-cultural challenges.
• Ethical Considerations in International Healthcare: Explore the ethical dilemmas faced by nurses working in multinational healthcare settings, examining issues like cultural relativism, patient autonomy, and disparities in healthcare access.
• Strategies for Managing Cultural Diversity in Nursing: Discuss effective strategies and best practices for nurses to navigate cultural diversity in international healthcare environments, emphasizing the importance of cultural competence, effective communication, and respectful care.
• Nursing Leadership in Global Healthcare Organizations: Examine the leadership skills and competencies required for nurses to succeed in global healthcare organizations, focusing on aspects such as cross-cultural leadership, strategic decision-making, and managing international teams.
• International Collaborative Research in Nursing: Explore the benefits and challenges of international collaborative research projects in nursing, discussing the importance of knowledge exchange, research ethics, and the potential impact on healthcare outcomes.

Organizational Behavior Essay Topics

Organizational behavior studies the behavior of people and organizations in the workplace. Here are some topics to create a thorough business essay example:

• The relevance of leadership and management in organizational behavior.
• The impact of motivation theories on business performance.
• Diversity management strategies in organizational behavior.
• The impact of workplace stress on employee performance and mental health.
• Effective communication strategies in organizational behavior.

Trending Business Essay Topics for Exam

Here are some current business essay topics ideas that are likely to be examined in exams:

• The Rise of E-commerce: Transforming Traditional Retail
• Sustainability and Corporate Responsibility: Balancing Profit and Environmental Impact
• The Gig Economy: Redefining Employment Relationships
• The Role of Big Data Analytics in Business Decision-Making
• The Influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Business Operations

Good Business Essay Example

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Final Words

With our comprehensive list of business essay topics ideas, we've laid the foundation for your inspiration to take flight. With your chosen topic in hand, you're now prepared to conquer the world of business essays and create a masterpiece that will captivate your readers and leave them amazed. So, take the leap and let your business essay reach new heights of excellence!

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Now, are you looking for answers to common questions about business essays? In this FAQ section, we address some of the most frequently asked questions to help you navigate the world of business essay writing.

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Management Skills Made Easy

Published: May 9, 2024

Good management is a vital resource in all organizations. It is the manager’s role to oversee the performances and behavior of their designated department and ensure that company standards are maintained. There are many different approaches to the position depending on the scope of the position and the personality of the person with the job, but certain high-level managerial skills consistently appear in the best managers. Here is a breakdown of the most important management skills and what factors comprise great leadership .  

What are the 5 Principles of Management? 

Henri Fayol was a French mining engineer and executive whose writings would serve as the basis for classic management theory. In his 1916 book Administration Industrielle et générale, Fayol defined the 5 principles of management as this: 

Fayol’s theory deems this the most difficult of the five functions, but coming up with a suitable schedule and plan of action is a must for any organization.  

A chaotic organization will never reach its full potential. It is management’s job to make sure that all company resources are being used wisely to maximize production.  

Fayol stated that managers must be able to deliver clear instructions to employees so they can fulfill their responsibilities on time.  

Coordinating

Management also must work to create a positive culture that brings the best out of the group.  

Controlling

Fayol’s final management principle opines that managers should have the perspective to evaluate performances and determine if employees are performing up to established performance standards. If not, corrective measures could be implemented.  

What are the 5 Ms of management? 

Another good guide for developing managerial skills is the 5 Ms of management. These are the central factors that impact the scope and success of a business. The 5 Ms are: 

One can’t start or sustain a company without an influx of cash.  

All of the personnel employed by the organization use its resources effectively.  

The raw goods that are used to create the final products the business sells.  

The equipment used to convert or assemble raw materials into finished products.  

These are systems used to keep an organization running efficiently.   

What are Some Top-Level Management Skills? 

Great leadership can be the difference between a thriving workplace and one where talent is far too eager to seek greener pastures . It has been proven countless times that people deliver better work when they enjoy coming to the office (virtual or otherwise), so to ensure that they get the best results, managers should look to embrace these top-level abilities:  

Leadership 

Let’s start with the obvious: good managers need to exude a sense of authority and charisma that can convince a group of people to work towards the same goals. 

Emotional Intelligence 

Recognizing the mental state of yourself and the people around you wasn’t always an important management skill, but a high level of emotional intelligence is now a must in modern times. Leaders should practice healthy self-awareness of their feelings and have the capacity for self-regulation so that they remain calm in all situations. Empathy is also necessary to connect with fellow workers or customers. 

Strategic Thinking/Critical Thinking 

A certain level of foresight is necessary in quality management. Senior leaders must combine their knowledge with decisiveness to put plans in place that best suit both the present and future goals of the organization. It is also imperative that managers are open to constructive criticism and adapt on the fly when circumstances change. 

Expertise 

If you’re in a position of power in an organization, it sure helps to connect with employees if you understand the subject matter.  It’s important to demonstrate that you are well-versed in the specific department you are managing and how it intersects with other sections.   

Active Listening 

Good communication is a two-way street. It’s not enough to articulate your point of view and expect others to follow. You also have to be willing and able to engage with people on the other side of the conversation. Listening to your colleagues or customers isn’t just an act of common courtesy. Hearing other perspectives on the business will help you learn to make better decisions in the future. 

What are the 7 Main Functions of Management? 

The main goal of management is to fulfill the organization’s ambitions while using its resources in the most efficient manner possible. Inspired by Fayol’s writing, Luther Gullick and Lyndall Urwick coined the term POSDCORB, an acronym that serves as the basis for traditional organizational theory, in a 1937 paper. The duo defined the functions of management as Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Co-Ordinating, Reporting, and Budgeting. Critics deemed POSDCORB to be an oversimplification of the role, hailing other elements as equally important.  

Most of these management functions carry over from Mayol’s writings, but the added elements are: 

Staffing 

Managers must hire the right workers who fully fit the requirements for each position. If any staff member is underperforming, it is on management to train them properly, help them improve, or replace them with another worker. It’s also important to be aware of the workload on existing staff and to create pathways for promotions to reward good performance.  

Directing 

Good management delivers clear information and guidance to others that helps them work to the best of their abilities.  

Motivating 

It’s hard to overstate the importance of finding motivation as a management skill. Everyone wants to hear that they’re doing a good job. The efforts of a department under a person’s leadership reflect management’s influence on the group. There are many tangible and emotional ways to motivate people.  

Companies can offer bonuses or awards as incentives for people to work at a high level consistently. In some cases, sincere acknowledgment of a worker’s labor is enough to stave off burnout. Whatever methods a manager chooses, they must result in a positive reaction.  

Develop Your Management Skills at University of the People

Wherever your professional career takes you, managerial skills that make for good leadership are always valuable. You can learn to harness these skills with the help of our business Administration programs . At UoPeople, we train students to lead with aplomb, solve business problems in the best possible manner, and confidently operate in marketing, economics, accounting, and finance. Our programs are 100 percent remote and tuition-free. Apply now!

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Call for Papers | Journal of International Marketing: Marketing’s Role in the Management of Fast-Evolving Global Supply Chains

Globalization and digitalization have reshaped global supply chain operations (Alicke et al. 2023). In particular, geopolitical disruptions such as the China–U.S. trade war, Brexit, and Middle East tensions have triggered the reconfiguration of global supply chains for many global companies (Bednarski et al. 2023; Henrich et al. 2022). The Russia–Ukraine war has further accelerated the decoupling between the U.S. and China as well as between the West and Russia. In this rapidly changing and uncertain environment, Apple, for example, has considered reshoring some of its manufacturing back to the United States. Other global companies are also considering a “China + 1” or “China + 2” strategy for their contract manufacturing operations. Such strategies allow international marketing managers to keep some of their manufacturing in China while establishing new production locations, often with the same suppliers, in countries such as Vietnam, India, or Mexico, where political risks and labor costs are more manageable (Vertinsky et al. 2023). Other external shocks and natural disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic and earthquakes have disrupted firms’ supply chain operations around the world (Panwar, Pinkse, and De Marchi 2022). For example, demand for in-person restaurant dining has decreased, whereas demand for food delivery and home-based consumption has greatly increased (Jeong et al. 2023), forcing multinationals like KFC and McDonalds to modify their operations in host markets. Under such market changes, firms need to explore new ways of organizing their global supply chains with respect to factors like product diversity and cooperation with more partners in the supply chains and ecosystems around the world (Davis et al. 2023; Henrich et al. 2022). These challenges highlight the critical need for international marketing managers to improve planning and forecasting for their global supply chains to be more agile and resilient.

Furthermore, shareholders and stakeholders have been demanding greater accountability from companies, pressing international marketing managers to take responsibility for the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) impacts of their global supply chain and manufacturing activities and to ensure that they’re doing business in an ethical, sustainable, and fair fashion (Henrich et al. 2022). While marketing’s approach to this new expectation varies by country, the market now expects the same standards to be enforced throughout a company’s global supply chain. Accordingly, the stakeholders of global brands, who often hold strong expectations regarding appropriate ESG-related behaviors, have begun scrutinizing not only the firms selling the branded products worldwide but also their entire global supply chains (Mateska et al. 2023).

In the meantime, the emergence of advanced technologies such as AI and Industry 4.0 bring about great opportunities for international marketing managers to coordinate and configure their global supply chains automatically (Alicke et al. 2023; Ejaz and Hegedűs 2023; Lee et al. 2023). For example, Unilever uses an AI application and service to find alternative supply sources on short notice. Koch Industries, one of the largest privately held conglomerates in the U.S., is leveraging an AI tool to optimize its supplier base. Industry 4.0 can also help international marketing managers enhance their resilience to cope with global supply chain disruptions (Tan 2023). Further, cloud computing and blockchain technologies also help integrate a firm’s supply chain partners; enhance the transparency, efficiency, and timeliness of global supply chain activities; and enable international marketing managers to cope with communication barriers in the market. However, there is a potential downside: When there are unanticipated natural disasters or geopolitical tensions (Henrich et al. 2022), minimizing potential interruptions in such optimized, digitalized, and complex global supply networks may pose major challenges. Thus, managing global supply chains in the era of digitalization emerges as a critical and challenging task for international marketing managers.

Despite these emerging challenges and opportunities for international marketing managers, academic research on these areas is limited. Most academic work on supply chain management has focused on domestic context and overlooks how different formal and informal institutions would shape firms’ global supply chain strategies (Usui, Kotabe, and Murray 2017). Specifically, little research attention has been paid to how global supply chains can be managed to improve the flow of supplies from the perspective of international marketing, how firms can cope with emerging managerial challenges, or how international marketing managers can take advantage of new opportunities in their global supply chains. To fill this gap, there is an urgent need to develop new theories, modify existing theories, and determine how firms can manage their global supply chains in the face of emerging trends of globalization and digitalization.  

Suggested Topics for Submissions

We encourage research on any aspect of global supply chain management from the perspective of international marketing at all levels of analysis, such as the individual employee or entrepreneur, firms, supply chains, platforms as well as ecosystems. Different types of firms (e.g., multinationals, regionals, local importers/exporters, suppliers, key account customers, born-globals, virtual vs. physical firms) and different institutional (e.g., formal, informal, government, trading blocs) and regional settings are encouraged. We call for more interdisciplinary and foundational research to expand the knowledge base of global supply chains in international marketing. We invite all types of research—qualitative, behavioral, and empirical—and encourage researchers to identify multiple sources of data and use multiple methods for this special issue. Conceptual papers and critical reviews are also welcome.

Suggested topics include, but are not restricted to:

• How can international marketing managers effectively control the governance mechanism and, thus, manage relationships with different global supply chain participants and members in the ecosystem across different countries to mitigate emerging geopolitical disruptions?
• How can international marketing managers leverage emerging technologies like AI, blockchain, machine learning, virtual reality, and big data for global supply chain management? What is the role of those emerging technologies for international marketing managers in coping with the challenges in the global supply chain activities?
• What is the role of digitalization (e.g., EDI, internet-based platforms, virtual meetings, social networks) in global supply chains in seeking efficiency, timeliness, as well as agility for international marketing managers?
• What is the role of blockchain and decentralized technologies in global supply chains, and how do they affect interorganizational relationships and efficiency in global supply chains?
• What marketing strategies, resources, and capabilities are needed for different types of firms to manage global supply chains given recent technological, geopolitical and other changes?
• What is the role of different institutional contexts in global supply chain management strategies?
• Can informal institutions such as culture and norms in different countries affect global supply chain management strategies?
• How do ESG initiatives and requirements shape firms’ global supply chain management? How can firms develop strategies and resources to meet ESG requirements for their global supply chains?
• How do suppliers or contract manufacturers manage their global account relationships across different countries in the uncertain global market environment?
• How does marketing–supply chain integration affect firms’ global supply chain management given recent changes? Has the role of marketing changed in global supply chain management—and if so, how?
• What are the impacts and implications of advanced technology and technology-based platforms on a firm’s globalization of its supply chain activities?
• What is the impact of digital technologies in offshoring, onshoring, and reshoring of a firm’s manufacturing activities?
• What are the global, regional, and local market implications of reshoring of a firm’s manufacturing activities for international marketing managers and for managing global supply chains?

Submission Process

All manuscripts will be reviewed as a cohort for this special issue of the Journal of International Marketing . All submissions will go through the Journal of International Marketing’s double-anonymized review and follow standard norms and processes. Submissions must be made via the journal’s ScholarOne site , with author guidelines available here . For any queries, feel free to reach out to the special issue editors.

Manuscripts must be submitted between December 1, 2024 and March 1, 2025.

Guest editors.

Daekwan Kim ([email protected]) is Spencer-Feheley MBA Professor in the College of Business at Florida State University and a Visiting Eminent Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, Korea. His research interests include the impact of IT and Industry 4.0 on interfirm relationships and relational performance, marketing/international marketing strategies, and international buyer–seller relationships. His research has appeared in the Journal of International Business Studies, Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, Decision Sciences Journal, Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of Business Research, Journal of International Marketing, Journal of World Business, Management International Review, International Marketing Review, International Business Review, and others. He is currently a Senior Editor of International Business Review and an Associate Editor of Decision Sciences Journal, and serving on the editorial boards of Journal of International Business Studies, Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of Business Research, Journal of International Marketing, and Thunderbird International Business Review. 

Ruey-Jer “Bryan” Jean ([email protected]) is Distinguished Professor of International Business at the Department of International Business, National Taiwan University, Taipei. He received his PhD from University of Manchester, UK. His research focuses on interorganizational relationship management and international new ventures in digital and data-rich environments, with a focus on emerging markets. He has published widely in peer-reviewed academic journals, including the Journal of International Business Studies, Journal of Management Studies, Journal of World Business, Management International Review, International Business Review, International Marketing Review, Journal of Business Research, Journal of International Management, and Journal of International Marketing. He is currently an Associate Editor of International Marketing Review and serving on the editorial boards of Journal of Business Research, International Business Review, and Asia Pacific Journal of Management.

S. Tamer Cavusgil ([email protected]) is Regents’ Professor and Fuller E. Callaway Professorial Chair and Executive Director, CIBER, Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University. A trustee of Sabanci University in Istanbul, Türkiye. Tamer authored more than several dozen books and some 200 refereed journal articles. He mentored over 40 doctoral students at Michigan State and Georgia State who have become accomplished educators around the world. Tamer holds an honorary doctorate from The University of Hasselt and the University of Southern Denmark, in addition to being named as an Honorary Professor by Atilim University in Ankara, Türkiye. He is an elected Fellow of the Academy of International Business. Tamer holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Türkiye. He earned his MBA and PhD from the University of Wisconsin.

Ayşegül Özsomer ([email protected]) Ayşegül Özsomer is Professor of Marketing at Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye. She specializes in global marketing, branding, emerging markets and the role of marketing in tough economic times. She has published in top scholarly journals including the Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, International Journal of Research in Marketing, and Journal of International Marketing. Ayşegül received several research awards including the 2011 Gerald Hills Best Paper Award for ten-year impact on entrepreneurship research, the 2013 Cavusgil Award for her paper investigating the interplay between global and local brands, and the 2023 Cavusgil Award for her paper on marketing agility. She has held visiting scholar positions at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, the Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA, and Harvard University. Her co-authored book, The New Emerging Market Multinationals: Four Strategies for Disrupting Markets and the Competition (McGraw Hill) was selected the best strategy book by Business+Strategy.

Alicke, Knut, Tacy Foster, Katharina Hauck, and Vera Trautwein (2023), “Tech and Regionalization Bolster Supply Chains, but Complacency Looms,” McKinsey (November 3), https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/tech-and-regionalization-bolster-supply-chains-but-complacency-looms .

Bednarski, Lukasz, Samuel Roscoe, Constantin Blome, and Martin C. Schleper (2023), “Geopolitical Disruptions in Global Supply Chains: A State-of-the-Art Literature Review,” Production Planning & Control , https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2023.2286283 .

Davis, Cameron, Ben Safran, Rachel Schaff, and Lauren Yayboke (2023), “Building Innovation Ecosystems: Accelerating Tech Hub Growth,” McKinsey (February 28), https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/building-innovation-ecosystems-accelerating-tech-hub-growth .

Ejaz, Muhammad R. and Dániel Hegedűs (2023), “Designing a Conceptual Framework for Industry 4.0 Technologies to Enable Circular Economy Ecosystem,” Managing Global Transitions , 21 (2), 121–48.

Henrich, Jan, Jason Li, Carolina Mazuera, and Fernando Perez (2022), “Future-Proofing the Supply Chain,” McKinsey (June 14), https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/future-proofing-the-supply-chain .

Jeong, Insik, Ruey-Jer Jean, Daekwan Kim, and Saeed Samiee (2023), “Managing Disruptive External Forces in International Marketing,” International Marketing Review , 40 (5), 936–56.

Lee, Jeoung Y., Daekwan Kim, Byungchul Choi, and Alfredo Jiménez (2023), “Early Evidence on How Industry 4.0 Reshapes MNEs’ Global Value Chains: The Role of Value Creation Versus Value Capturing by Headquarters and Foreign Subsidiaries,” Journal of International Business Studies , 54 (4), 599–630.

Mateska, Ivana, Christian Busse, Andrew P. Kach, and Stephan M. Wagner (2023), “Sustainability-Related Transgressions in Global Supply Chains: When Do Legitimacy Spillovers Hurt Buying Firms the Most?” Journal of Supply Chain Management , 59 (4), 42–78.

Panwar, Rajat, Jonatan Pinkse, and Valentina De Marchi (2022), “The Future of Global Supply Chains in a Post-COVID-19 World,” California Management Review , 64 (2), 5–23.

Tan, Hooi (2023), “It’s Time to Join the Fourth Industrial Revolution,” SME Media (June 22), https://www.advancedmanufacturing.org/smart-manufacturing/its-time-to-join-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/article_035bc430-059d-11ef-b638-d772541cc117.html .

Usui, Tetsuya, Masaaki Kotabe, and Janet Y. Murray (2017), “A Dynamic Process of Building Global Supply Chain Competence by New Ventures: The Case of Uniqlo,” Journal of International Marketing , 25 (3), 1–20.

Vertinsky, Ilan, Yingqiu Kuang, Dongsheng Zhou, and Victor Cui (2023), “The Political Economy and Dynamics of Bifurcated World Governance and the Decoupling of Value Chains: An Alternative Perspective,” Journal of International Business Studies , 54 (7), 1351–77.

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Learning from Ricardo and Thompson: Machinery and Labor in the Early Industrial Revolution, and in the Age of AI

David Ricardo initially believed machinery would help workers but revised his opinion, likely based on the impact of automation in the textile industry. Despite cotton textiles becoming one of the largest sectors in the British economy, real wages for cotton weavers did not rise for decades. As E.P. Thompson emphasized, automation forced workers into unhealthy factories with close surveillance and little autonomy. Automation can increase wages, but only when accompanied by new tasks that raise the marginal productivity of labor and/or when there is sufficient additional hiring in complementary sectors. Wages are unlikely to rise when workers cannot push for their share of productivity growth. Today, artificial intelligence may boost average productivity, but it also may replace many workers while degrading job quality for those who remain employed. As in Ricardo’s time, the impact of automation on workers today is more complex than an automatic linkage from higher productivity to better wages.

The authors are co-directors of the MIT Shaping the Future of Work Initiative, which was established through a generous gift from the Hewlett Foundation. Relevant disclosures are available at shapingwork.mit.edu/power-and-progress, under “Policy Summary.” For their outstanding work, we thank Gavin Alcott (research and drafting), Julia Regier (editing), and Hilary McClellen (fact-checking). We also thank Joel Mokyr for his helpful comments. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

We are grateful to David Autor for useful comments. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from Toulouse Network on Information Technology, Google, Microsoft, IBM, the Sloan Foundation and the Smith Richardson Foundation.

MARC RIS BibTeΧ

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Activist Investor Seeks to Force Out Norfolk Southern’s Management

A year after a derailment in Ohio raised questions about rail safety, an investment firm is seeking to install new management in an effort to increase profits.

By Peter Eavis

After one of Norfolk Southern’s freight trains derailed last year , spilling hazardous chemicals in an Ohio town, the company’s leaders were assailed by lawmakers, regulators and angry residents, an onslaught the executives managed to survive.

But Norfolk Southern’s management faces a fresh challenge this week from an investment firm that is asking shareholders to vote to replace the company’s chief executive, Alan Shaw, and appoint new directors to its board.

The campaign by Ancora, a Cleveland investment firm, invokes the accident in East Palestine, the Ohio town, but its main aim is to overhaul Norfolk Southern’s business strategy to bolster its profits.

The company’s leaders are vulnerable because Norfolk Southern’s stock price and profit margins lag those of its peers. Ancora’s plan in large part rests on cutting costs and making the company’s 19,100-mile rail network run more efficiently. In the past, investors have reaped big gains by installing managers who have pursued similar measures at other U.S. and Canadian freight railroads.

“When a network is broken, you see poor delivery times, more severe accidents and weak financials. Everyone suffers,” Jim Barber Jr., Ancora’s proposed chief executive, said in a statement on Tuesday. “We have the people and plan to earn trust and have the railroad live up to its potential.”

Norfolk Southern’s leaders contend that they are well suited to strengthen the railroad so it can thrive regardless of the state of the economy and that the company’s financial results would improve as it addressed safety issues and legal claims stemming from the East Palestine derailment.

The accident and the decision by Norfolk Southern to burn off a toxic chemical being transported on some of the derailed cars increased scrutiny of the railroad industry’s safety record. A bipartisan group of federal lawmakers proposed legislation that would strengthen rail safety rules, but the measure has not advanced.

Several government agencies are still investigating Norfolk Southern, including the National Transportation Safety Board, which is expected to release its findings on the cause of the accident soon. The company agreed last month to settle a class-action lawsuit filed by businesses and residents in East Palestine.

“We have a balanced strategy that’s built for the future, to break the cycle of rail losing market share to truck every year,” Mr. Shaw, who has been at Norfolk Southern for three decades, said in a statement Tuesday. “It’s working, we are safer, delivering better service, becoming more productive, and creating long-term value for our shareholders.”

Ancora and Norfolk Southern have been criticizing each other’s plans for the company for several weeks in an effort to win over shareholders. The results of the vote could be made public on Thursday, when the company holds its annual meeting. One big Norfolk Southern customer, Cleveland-Cliffs, a steel producer, is supporting Ancora, but others, including Consol Energy, the coal producer, are backing Mr. Shaw’s team.

Glass Lewis, which advises shareholders on how to vote, supports Ancora, while its peer, Institutional Shareholder Services, gave partial backing, suggesting that shareholders vote for some of the directors from each of the slates of nominees put forward by Ancora and Norfolk Southern, including Mr. Shaw.

Notably, Ancora is opposed by a prominent rail regulator: Martin J. Oberman, the departing chairman of the Surface Transportation Board, the federal agency that oversees freight railways. He contends that Ancora is proposing to cut costs so much that it could leave Norfolk Southern without the capacity to deal with an upswing in demand and unexpected disruptions, like the recent closing of the Baltimore port, which required a rerouting of coal shipments on Norfolk Southern trains .

“You don’t send a football team out onto the field without a backup quarterback,” said Mr. Oberman, who is retiring at the end of this week. “So when you have a disaster like Baltimore, Norfolk Southern was able to jump in and move all of that coal.”

Mr. Barber, Ancora’s proposed chief executive, was chief operating officer at UPS. John Kasich, the former Ohio governor, is among the six other proposed directors on Ancora’s slate.

In some ways, Norfolk Southern was obvious prey for a shareholder activist.

In the three years leading up to Jan. 30, the day before Ancora’s proposed overhaul was first reported, Norfolk Southern’s shares were flat, compared with a 25 percent rise for shares in CSX, another large freight railroad that operates in many of the same areas as Norfolk Southern.

Profitability also trailed. Last year, CSX’s operating margin, which measures the profits left after the costs of running the business, was 37.9 percent, compared with 32.6 percent for Norfolk Southern. Those numbers exclude expenses related to the East Palestine disaster.

Ancora wants to increase those profits by applying precision scheduled railroading, a collection of practices that were introduced in the rail industry over two decades ago. The practices include moving rail cars more quickly, standardizing scheduling, using fewer workers and operating longer trains.

Ancora has said the management it is seeking to install at Norfolk Southern would be able to slash costs by $800 million in its first year by reducing locomotives and freight cars and redesigning Norfolk Southern’s network. Ancora also expects the new executives to cut 1,450 employees over three years. Norfolk Southern employed 20,700 people at the end of last year.

Norfolk Southern, like other big freight railroads, has already adopted some elements of precision scheduled railroading. But during the coronavirus pandemic, freight railways cut back so far that their service suffered when the economy rebounded in 2021. In December 2022, Mr. Shaw said Norfolk Southern would strengthen its network so that it could perform better through economic ups and downs. This meant keeping more capacity and workers on hand during lean periods.

Tony Hatch, a longtime railroad industry analyst, calls the company’s approach the “great experiment” and said he supported it. The rail industry cannot rely too heavily on controlling costs and should try to grow by winning new business and competing more effectively with trucking, he added.

Norfolk Southern’s financial results might have fared better under Mr. Shaw’s strategy, Mr. Hatch said, if the East Palestine derailment in February 2023 had not distracted management for a year. But he said Norfolk Southern’s management had struggled to fight back against Ancora. “Their messaging has not been good,” Mr. Hatch said.

One recent bright spot for Norfolk Southern has been its safety record. Its accident rate improved markedly last year while those of its peers worsened.

Precision scheduled railroading got a bad name when its pioneer, Hunter Harrison, tried to apply it at CSX in 2017. Customers complained that service deteriorated. Unions and rail workers have said the practices can undermine safety . The leaders proposed by Ancora said that CSX had made changes too fast and that they would introduce precision scheduled railroading practices at Norfolk Southern over a longer period — three years.

“When you put your network redesign on paper and bring that to your constituents, they can be partners in an implementation and help you do it right each step of the way,” Greg Marose, a spokesman for Ancora, said in a statement. “Make no mistake, this is a long-term strategy.”

Peter Eavis reports on the business of moving stuff around the world. More about Peter Eavis

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