should i do a phd or edd

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PhD vs. EdD in Education: Nine expert tips to help you choose [with infographic]

If you want to elevate your career in education, an advanced degree can open the door to more job opportunities. Many schools offer graduate programs in education, but before you go down a rabbit hole of research, first decide if you want to get a PhD or EdD degree.

A PhD and EdD in education are both doctoral degrees. The one you choose will have a significant impact on your graduate school experience, and your career as well. (Already know what you want? Visit our Admission and Deadlines and Requirements pages for more information.)

For a quick overview of differences between the two degrees, view the infographic below or download it here .

Before we explore tips to guide your decision, let’s review important context for each degree.

What is a PhD in Education?

A PhD is a doctorate in philosophy. Historically, it was the first degree offered to students in the field of education and is perhaps more well-known than the EdD.

The PhD in Education is ideal for students who are excited by a career in research. Programs train you to interpret existing theory on a subject, identify opportunities for exploration, and advance theory through critical analysis. It is not necessarily a degree that prepares you for an administrative or leadership role.

With a PhD in Education, you will become an authority on a particular topic or range of topics, and make recommendations on how practitioners should approach or implement them. Examples of research topics might include teaching practices, the effect of learning environments on student outcomes, and inequity in education.

What is an EdD in Education?

An EdD is a doctorate in education, and prepares you for a career in educational leadership. Like the PhD degree, you will learn to interpret research. However, EdD programs train you to apply the research in real-world settings.

While pursuing your EdD degree, you will study critical theory and determine how you can implement it to drive change in K–12 classrooms, universities, community colleges and other organizations. You will also reflect on your role as a leader. Top EdD programs encourage you to analyze your relationship to your research topics and work environments. The goal is to ensure that your leadership is fair and equitable for all people.

PhD vs. EdD: What are the main differences?

The table below summarizes the key differences between a PhD and EdD in education:

Find your program

PhD vs. EdD: How to choose

To help you figure out which doctorate in education is right for you, check out these nine helpful tips:

1. Follow your passion

Rather than focusing on the title of the degree, think about what motivates you. Why did you get into education in the first place? Do you want to have a direct impact on classrooms or pursue big-picture change behind the scenes? You may assume that one degree is more prestigious than another, but it’s important to choose a path that will bring you personal satisfaction that is consistent with your career goals.

2. Picture your day-to-day

PhD and EdD programs are a significant time investment. If you’re struggling to decide because both degrees sound rewarding, try picturing what your daily life might look like in each program.

A PhD in Education is decidedly more research-heavy. A majority of your study will include—but is not limited to—investigating theory and research methodologies. By contrast, EdD programs include the application of your research. Much of your time will be spent using your knowledge to solve professional challenges.

3. Explore career options with a PhD in Education

Earning your PhD in education will make you a more desirable candidate for a range of research-oriented positions. Your ability to evaluate research and make recommendations will be a valuable skill to many organizations.

Many people with PhD in education degrees secure jobs as:

• University professor
• Research scholar
• Education director
• Policy researcher

Want specific examples? For a list of positions held by recent graduates from USC Rossier’s PhD in Urban Education program (PhD), check out our Benefits and Career Paths page.

4. Explore career options with an EdD in Education

EdD programs prepare you for different kinds of senior positions. You will be eligible for leadership roles primarily in education administration, however your high-level skill-set will be desirable to certain nonprofits and businesses as well.

Position titles for professionals with an EdD degree may include:

• Superintendent
• University or college president
• Director of a research center
• Development manager
• Curriculum developer

5. Compare PhD vs. EdD coursework

Doctor in education programs are rigorous and challenging, and while both are rooted in research, their paths diverge. Coursework in PhD programs highlights qualitative and quantitative research methods, and gives you the tools needed to perform your own research. You will also work on your dissertation, and be required to take oral and written exams.

Additionally, PhD students typically have the chance to work one-on-one with a research faculty member on their research. As you narrow your search for a graduate school, remember to review faculty and consider opportunities for collaboration.

EdD courses in educational leadership train you to view common problems in education from multiple perspectives. Courses early in the program urge you to use research as a tool that can provide practical solutions that promote equity. As you progress, you will then take actionable steps to address a problem of practice.

6. Review PhD vs. EdD specializations at different schools

You want to choose a university that aligns with your personal interests. Start by reviewing schools’ mission statements. Do they seem principle-driven or focused on ushering you through the program?  You also want to check out the concentrations offered by each program. Select a program that is going to let you explore issues and challenges that matter to you.

Concentrations vary by university. For example, some concentrations may include educational leadership in K–12 schools, educational psychology or higher education. Expect universities located in or near cities to offer concentrations exploring urban education settings as well.

7. Consider PhD and EdD online programs

If you’re a working professional and don’t want to commute to a physical campus while you earn a degree, an online doctor of education program may be right for you. Online programs cover the same information as their in-person counterparts, but offer a little more flexibility for students.

However, classes such as those included in USC Rossier’s Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership online program are held live, meaning you are required to attend the online class at a specific day and time.Note: It may be easier to find online options for EdD than PhD programs.

8. Research PhD vs. EdD dissertation requirements

A traditional part of a PhD in education is the dissertation. Dissertation requirements vary by program and school, but generally include thorough investigation of a topic from multiple angles, copious research, and an exam to defend your written work once it’s completed.

By contrast, some EdD programs require you to complete a dissertation in practice. Using research methods learned in the program, you will attempt to resolve a problem in education dealing with equity and access. You may also have the chance to work alongside a group of students and an advisor to tackle the problem. In addition to the different requirements of PhD and EdD dissertations, individual schools may want you to explore issues that fall within their philosophical focus.

9. Estimate your time commitment

Before committing to a doctorate in education program, make sure you understand how much time it will take. A PhD in Education typically requires four to six years to complete, while EdD programs take three years, and may be completed while you work.

Additionally, some PhD programs are full-time commitments. Because of the workload, you can’t work a full-time schedule. However, your tuition is covered by a graduate assistantship. A Master’s degree may also not be necessary for acceptance into a PhD program.

USC Rossier resources

If you’re still unsure about which doctorate in education is right for you, we’re happy to provide personalized guidance .

You can also use USC Rossier’s simple career survey tool.

Curious about the requirements for our doctoral programs ? Check out the list of program comparisons. As a school that has offered doctoral degrees for 100 years, USC Rossier is uniquely positioned to provide insight and expertise on doctoral programs in education

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Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. vs. Ed.S.: What’s the Difference?

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Sorting out the differences between post-graduate programs in education can be confusing. For starters, there are three types: Ed.D., Ed.S., and Ph.D.

But each tends to have a specific purpose:

• An Ed.D. is a doctorate in education . It prepares students for leadership positions, such as district superintendent or college president.
• An Ed.S., or education specialist, can lead to leadership or specialized educational roles. These roles include curriculum or instructional design.
• A Ph.D. degree helps students become researchers and college professors .

Of course, it's a little more complicated than that, especially once you start comparing an Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. or a Ph.D. vs. Ed.S.

But that's where we come in. We're here to help you understand the differences between the three degrees. You can then decide which one is right for you.

Popular Online Education Doctorate Programs

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below

What Are the Differences Between an Ed.D., Ph.D., and Ed.S.?

An Ed.D., Ph.D., and Ed.S. have some overlap. They are all post-master's programs, requiring a master's degree to enroll. They also all lead to education-related careers. But there are several distinct differences between them.

As Mark J. Drozdowski, Ed.D., succinctly puts it, "You might earn an Ed.S. on your way toward an Ed.D. or a Ph.D. If you want to become a faculty member, senior college administrator, or top policy analyst, you probably need a doctorate and not just an Ed.S."

Ph.D. vs. Ed.D.

A Ph.D. and Ed.D. are both doctorates in education. But the coursework, focus, and length differ depending on the type of doctoral program.

In an Ed.D. program, doctoral students prepare for leadership education careers . Students study organizational theory, managing money in schools, and evaluating programs. These classes provide career-focused training.

A Ph.D. program, in contrast, emphasizes research over practice. These programs incorporate more theory, research, and policy-focused courses. Students might take classes in educational research, educational psychology, and learning theory.

• Focus: An Ed.D. focuses on education practice, while a Ph.D. focuses on research.
• Length: An Ed.D. usually takes three years, while a Ph.D. often requires 4-6 years.
• Degree Requirements: Both an Ed.D. and Ph.D. usually require a dissertation. The Ed.D. dissertation generally focuses on applied research topics.

Ed.S. vs. Ed.D.

The Ed.S. differs from the Ed.D. because it does not require a dissertation and is possible to finish in 1-2 years. For this reason, it is not considered a doctoral degree. Ed.D. programs require three years.

Students in Ed.S. and Ed.D. programs can take similar courses and specialize in similar areas. But, an Ed.D. usually requires a doctoral dissertation , while the Ed.S. does not.

• Focus: Both an Ed.D. and an Ed.S. emphasize practice, with many specialization options.
• Length: While an Ed.D. takes three years, Ed.S. programs often take 1-2 years.
• Degree Requirements: Ed.D. students typically write and defend a dissertation. In an Ed.S. program, graduate students may complete a capstone project or thesis.

9 Differences Between Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. vs. Ed.S.

In addition to the differences in focus, length, and coursework, post-master's education degrees prepare graduate students for different career paths.

What's the Best Doctorate in Education?

Is an Ed.D. considered a "better" doctorate than a Ph.D.? Is a Ph.D. "more advanced" than an Ed.D.? Which should you choose? The answer depends on your interests and goals.

Educators who want to become principals or superintendents should consider getting an Ed.D. degree. An Ed.D. focuses on practical skills and is more relevant in these roles. With the research-focus of a Ph.D., you can become a professor, researcher, or academic administrator.

How to Choose Between an Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. vs. Ed.S.

Choosing a doctorate in education program can be tricky, but these steps can help you find the best fit for your needs.

Drozdowski offers, "Think about your long-term goals. Ph.D. programs tend to produce scholars, while Ed.D. programs produce practitioners. If you know your career plans, you can make choices based on this distinction, not that initially choosing one path eliminates the other. Also, consider the particular strengths of the program. Does it offer the academic and career focus you seek (e.g., educational administration, curriculum and instruction, education policy)?"

"Earning a doctorate in education is a marathon, not a sprint, so choose the right program you’re comfortable seeing yourself in for many years to come," says Drozdowski.

Step 1: Start by determining your professional objectives.

• Are you interested in administrative roles at the K-12 level? An Ed.D. or Ed.S. can help you reach those goals.
• To work in higher education , a Ph.D. is usually required for academic jobs and an Ed.D. is good for administrative roles.

Step 2: Next, look for programs that align with your budget, schedule, and interests.

• Start by researching specialization options at different programs.
• Many universities offer specializations for school superintendents or higher education administrators, for example.

Step 3: Then, research delivery options, cost, and length.

• You can find online Ed.D. programs with flexible schedules designed for working students.
• These programs can be more affordable because doctoral students can work while pursuing their degree.

Step 4: Finally, reach out to programs to learn about graduate placements.

• Ask about the job titles of recent graduates to get an idea of career paths with the degree. And learn about the industries and settings where graduates work.

Explore More College Resources

Doctorate in education program guide, what can you do with a doctorate in education.

How Hard Is a Doctorate in Education (Ed.D.) Program?

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EdD vs PhD: Which Education Degree Should You Get?

Teachers that are looking to use their leadership skills to create change in policy, curriculum, and research can use a doctorate degree to get roles in research, postsecondary schools, and K-12 education. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), postsecondary education jobs are projected to grow  12%  between 2020-2030.

However, teachers wanting to earn a high-level degree must choose between a doctor of education (EdD) or a doctor of philosophy in education (PhD) degree. While both are excellent options, the two degrees lead to very different coursework, requirements, and career outcomes.

What Are EdD and PhD In Education Degrees For?

A doctorate degree in education gives people a variety of career paths. The  different  programs can lead to private and public sector jobs including: 

• Administrator
• Superintendent
• Policy maker
• Postsecondary teacher
• College president
• Education director

The EdD and PhD are both terminal degrees that make teachers and educators experts in their fields. A good job outlook and growth projections make a doctorate degree worth the time and money. 

Picking Between an EdD or PhD In Education Program

The curriculum and job prospects of an EdD and PhD program are different. You should consider your interests and career goals when deciding which type of degree to obtain.

• A PhD program  is rooted in research and theory and students learn to interpret research.
• And EdD program  is rooted in leadership and application and students are taught how to apply the research to a real-world setting.

The EdD degree is available to professionals who already hold a master’s degree and want to advance their career and receive a boost in income. 

The EdD program prepares students to apply research to real-world settings and to find work in educational leadership. This degree  rewards  students with the skill set and ability to create change in their professional environment by:

• Develop the tools to become a better administrator
• Résumé credibility and expanded career search
• Learn the latest technology in instructional design
• Qualify for senior educational leadership positions

The overall goal of getting an EdD degree is to become a good leader and transfer knowledge to an education environment to create positive change. 

Coursework  includes a focus on professional leadership, solutions, and solving problems in practice. 

Teachers and administrators  are best suited for an EdD. Many programs are geared towards the working professional and are offered online or in a hybrid model. 

Those who complete an EdD degree often choose to work in a K-12 setting or in college administration.

On average, an EdD degree takes  three years  to complete including a dissertation. This timeframe can be dependent on: 

• Previous education
• Online vs. in-person programs
• Part-time vs. full-time study

Since obtaining an EdD degree is both time-consuming and a financial commitment, finding a program that meets a person’s career goals, work-life balance, and interests is critical.

EdD Career Outcomes And Salaries

Careers in education are growing and the job outlook for this profession is positive. Someone with an EdD degree can expect an increase in income and responsibility. 

A few examples of careers available to people with an EdD degree are highlighted below. 

• Median Salary: $80,560 
• Career Outlook: +912% (2020-2030)

Postsecondary teachers instruct students beyond high school. They are typically referred to as faculty or professors and may write books, conduct research, and publish papers. 

• Median Salary: $97,500 
• Career Outlook: +8% (2020-2030)

A postsecondary education administrator works in the college setting usually in student services, student affairs, admission, registrar’s office, or oversees faculty, research, and academics.

• Median Salary: $107,680 

Top executives are usually in charge of the organization’s big picture. They create strategies and policies to meet goals. 

• Median Salary: $98,490 

School principals oversee all aspects of the school setting including managing staff, curriculum, and the health and safety of the students. 

A PhD in education prepares people to  critically analyze and interpret  research. 

Those that hold a PhD become experts in a given field of education such as teaching practices, inequity in education, and how learning environments shape student outcomes. 

Coursework  includes a focus on education, quantitative and qualitative research, and a close collaboration with faculty. 

A PhD  dissertation  focuses on creating new research in a particular field whereas a dissertation in an EdD program focuses on solving a particular problem found in a school setting. 

People who have a passion for new research and advanced theory along with the desire to become an expert in a particular education field are best suited for a PhD in education. 

Career options  for those that hold a PhD in education include:

• University professor
• Research scholar
• Policy researcher

PhD of education students will enjoy using their skill set to shape new research and create best practices that will affect teaching and learning for years to come.

On average, a PhD in education degree takes  4-6 years  to complete including an original research dissertation.  

Unlike the EdD degree, the PhD program is a full-time commitment and not well suited for the working professional. Not many schools offer an online PhD in Education program. 

Program timeline may be dependent on:

• Student funding 
• Dissertation complexity

Since obtaining a PhD degree is both time-consuming and a financial commitment, finding a program that meets a person’s career goals, work-life balance, and interests is critical.

PhD In Education Career Outcomes And Salaries

As with EdD careers, careers for PhD graduates are projected to see significant job growth. Someone with a PhD degree can expect an increase in income and responsibility. 

While EdD professionals seek to obtain roles as superintendents, deans, principals, and other education administrative positions, PhD professionals seek roles as professors, scholars, and researchers. 

• Career Outlook: +12% (2020-2030)

Postsecondary professors instruct students beyond high school. They may also be referred to as faculty. Professors often write books, conduct research, and publish papers.

Postsecondary education administrators who hold a PhD may oversee faculty research, or work in student affairs, attendance, and academics.

• Median Salary: $59,870 
• Career Outlook: +4% (2020-2030)

Survey researchers conduct qualitative research and analyze the data for trends that can influence education policy and help shape education decisions and plans.

Doctor Of Education (EdD) vs Educational Specialist (EdS)

Another option for career advancement in education is the educational specialist (EdS). An EdS is a postgraduate degree for those that already have a master’s degree, but don’t want to pursue a doctorate. This program is designed for the working professional who wants to add to their skill set but in half the time it takes to complete an EdD program. 

The EdS is a  graduate certificate  that does not require a dissertation or capstone project to complete and is geared towards those that work in the K-12 setting. However, this option is not designed for people who want to work in higher education or organizational leadership.

What To Look For In Educational Doctoral Degree Programs

When comparing different EdD and PhD programs, you should also consider factors outside of career outcomes such as online flexibility and accreditation. 

Online vs. On-Campus Learning

While most PhD programs are full-time and conducted in person, online EdD programs are becoming more abundant, and many schools offer the option to complete the degree on a part-time or full-time basis to accommodate busy schedules and the working professional. The biggest benefits of online learning include:

• Flexibility and self-paced learning
• Better time management
• Improved virtual and communication and collaboration
• Faster graduation times
• Ability to work from anywhere

Accreditation

Accreditation is critical for any educational institute. It certifies that the school and its curriculum meet the appropriate standards and qualifications outlined by the  U.S. Department of Education  and/or the  Council for Higher Education  accreditation. 

Choosing a school that is accredited is extremely important and it gives degrees credibility and validity and will be valued by employers. 

Many programs and departments within a school may have a separate accreditation called programmatic accreditation. This accreditation elevates the credibility of the program and shows that the department has designed a program that meets a standard of excellence. 

Programmatic accreditation also ensures that students will receive the appropriate training and knowledge to be successful in their given fields. 

Applying To Education Doctoral Programs

Admissions requirements for education doctoral programs depend on the type of school, degree, and program modality desired. A master’s degree, letters of recommendation, GRE score, work experience, and prior grades are a few examples of typical education doctoral application requirements.

Admission Requirements For EdD and PhD Programs

Admission requirements for an  EdD program  typically include:

• A minimum grade point average of 3.0 in the last 60 units of upper-division courses taken
• Passing GRE score
• Three academic or professional letters of recommendation
• A statement of purpose
• Essay on an assigned topic
• Master’s or specialist degree in education 
• Three years practical experience
• Currently employed as a full-time educator
• Application fee

Admission requirements for a  PhD program  typically include:

• Statement of purpose
• Three letters of recommendation 
• College and university transcripts

EdD vs PhD in Education FAQ

• One degree is not considered “better” than the other. Both the PhD and EdD pathways end in a terminal doctorate degree and both programs are designed for different career goals and interests.
• An EdD is a terminal doctorate degree that is designed for the working educational professional (teacher or administrator) who wants to advance their career and apply research in a real-life setting.
• An EdD program is typically three years in length, while a PhD program typically takes four to six years to complete. 
• The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that doctoral degrees in education are a growing profession that offers both rewarding and healthy salaries for those who pursue them.
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/postsecondary-teachers.htm
• https://rossier.usc.edu/phd-vs-edd-in-education-nine-expert-tips-to-help-you-choose-with-infographic/
• https://www.franklin.edu/blog/is-a-doctorate-in-education-worth-it
• https://www.eddprograms.org/resources/is-an-edd-worth-it/
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/postsecondary-education-administrators.htm
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/top-executives.htm
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/elementary-middle-and-high-school-principals.htm
• https://www.waldenu.edu/programs/education/resource/how-to-tell-if-i-want-an-edd-or-a-phd-in-education
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/survey-researchers.htm
• https://www.onlineeddprograms.com/faqs/edd-vs-eds-degree
• https://education.ufl.edu/curriculum-teaching/edd/admissions-requirements/
• https://ed.stanford.edu/admissions/application-reqs/phd

EdD vs. PhD in Education: Why Choose an EdD?

EdD or PhD? This is one of the first decisions aspiring education leaders face when exploring options for advanced degrees. The need for leaders in the field has never been greater. Integrating new educational methods and technology, addressing diversity and other social issues, and managing growing requirements for remote learning—these are just a few of the issues currently challenging educators. Taking a step toward earning an EdD or a PhD requires that prospective students first explore the differences between them to determine which track best serves their interests and aspirations.

Both degrees prepare graduates for rewarding careers and leadership roles in the education field , but they vary significantly in terms of study focus and typical career paths. Future education leaders wondering why to get an EdD or a PhD should understand the differences between the two degrees before they choose to pursue one.

What Is a Doctor of Education (EdD) Degree?

An EdD is an advanced degree in the education field that prepares graduates to succeed in leadership roles in higher education. EdD curricula incorporate heavy coursework in education policy, research methods, current social and political issues impacting students and teachers, developing teams and procedures, collaborating with internal and external partners, and managing and planning budgets.

EdD programs provide a solid foundation in modern education system operations, as well as extensive tools to create strategies and implement solutions to help schools and educational organizations succeed. Someone who has an EdD can teach or serve as an educator, but the degree program is more focused on helping graduates become leaders of educational organizations.

What Is a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree?

A PhD is an advanced degree that individuals and professionals can typically earn after attaining a master’s degree. A PhD can be attained in several academic subjects, including education, and often prepares students for careers in more research-oriented positions, as well as university and college instructor roles. The curriculum for a PhD in education can vary by school, but it often includes coursework in educational research and evaluation, teaching methods, and a larger dissertation on topics or subjects in the education field.

Job Outlook

In broad terms, EdD programs help graduates gain a deep understanding of education as a field and profession, developing leadership expertise for various educational settings. The PhD track is more research oriented, helping graduates prepare for both the classroom and research aspects of teaching at a postsecondary institution. A closer look at career paths, salary projections, and growth outlooks can help differentiate the programs further.

EdD vs. PhD: Common Career Paths

When considering why to get an EdD or a PhD, it’s important to look at what happens after graduation. EdD and PhD programs’ different areas of focus mean each program best prepares graduates for different career options. The most common path for PhD recipients is to go right back into postsecondary education, with the hope of becoming tenured professors at a college or university. Gaining an EdD opens a variety of doors in the education sector.

Professional Options with an EdD

EdD graduates will have some research background, for example, in examining the implementation of a new curriculum and student response. EdD graduates also benefit from classes focused on leadership and strategic planning, which provide a more business-oriented viewpoint of education and illustrate how policies can impact education at all levels.

Educators who earn an EdD can choose to pursue any of a variety of paths throughout education. Most commonly, they go into elementary, secondary, or postsecondary administration, serving in such roles as college dean or school district superintendent. EdD graduates from a school such as American University can also become college professors or run education-based nonprofit organizations.

Professional Options with a PhD

PhD programs place greater emphasis on research, and graduates commonly work in academia or pursue academic research. Experts in their specific area of focus, they may choose to continue their research with students or other professors.

A person who holds a PhD in education can serve as a professor at a university, a consultant, or a researcher in a government education agency or organization, as well as in a larger leadership role in school or university administration.

EdD vs. PhD: Salary Comparison

Many education leadership roles can be filled by professionals who have earned either an EdD or a PhD, so their respective earning potential is difficult to define precisely. Salaries largely depend upon experience and geographic location. Salary ranges for postsecondary educators, for example, vary widely depending on whether an educator is working at the associate or assistant level or has attained a full professorship. 

According to Payscale, the median annual salary for professionals with a PhD in education is approximately $80,000. Payscale notes that assistant professors of postsecondary/higher education have a median annual salary of roughly $69,000. 

Doctoral degree holders who attain advanced roles in academia earn higher salaries:  Deans with the degree have a median salary of around $93,000 annually, according to Payscale. 

The median annual salary for EdD degree holders is around $80,000 in June 2022, according to Payscale. Salaries for EdD professionals can vary significantly by role. For example, Payscale reports the median annual salary of associate professors working in postsecondary/higher education is around $71,000, while EdD professionals serving in an executive director role have a median salary of around $104,000 per year.

Growth Outlook for EdD vs. PhD

The bright career outlook for degree holders is another reason to get an EdD or PhD. Advanced leadership roles for education professionals generally have a positive growth outlook. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the number of jobs for postsecondary teachers will grow by 12 percent between 2020 and 2030, which is much faster than the average 8 percent growth the BLS projects for all professions. The BLS estimates that over the same period, postsecondary education administrator positions will grow by 8 percent, which is on par with the national job growth average projected by the BLS.

Differences Between EdD and PhD 

EdDs and PhDs are valuable to professionals seeking to become leaders in education. Both require significant commitments—a doctoral-level degree can take three years or more to complete. While there’s overlap between the coursework and career options for EdD and PhD programs, a review of the differences can help determine a good fit for prospective students.

The curricula for the degrees themselves prepare students for different career paths after they graduate. There are generally more options and specialties for PhD programs than there are for EdD programs. An EdD primarily prepares graduates to become leaders and strategists in the education field—for example, as superintendents, deans, provosts, and school district officials—while a PhD is more tailored to preparing graduates for instructional and research roles in education and higher education, for example, as professors and researchers.

This doesn’t mean that an EdD degree holder can’t serve as a professor or an instructor in a university environment or that a PhD in education degree holder can’t succeed as a superintendent or a dean. EdD programs just focus on the larger scope and strategy of an educational organization or institution, while PhD programs are more tightly focused on academic research.

EdD candidates learn about different educational and leadership styles and how education fits into the larger world. They explore policy at the local, state, national, and international levels. Ultimately they discover how to spearhead change throughout the educational system. EdD graduates can learn how to make strategic partnerships and forge meaningful relationships in the professional world.

PhD students focus much more on research methods and data collection. They typically explore a more narrowly focused dissertation than that of EdD students. PhD students often choose their specific area of research and then spend much of their time collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data so that they can draw informed conclusions. While EdD work looks at systemic progress and trends, PhD work typically examines education theory and methods, with the end goal of having them applied directly in the classroom.

Ultimately both degrees are associated with professionals who’ve earned leadership roles in education, and both degrees enable degree holders to make a positive impact on students’ lives and on educational communities.

Why Get an EdD?

One of the main reasons to get an EdD is that it can prepare graduates to take on leadership roles in different aspects of education. These are more commonly operational roles in academia, such as a higher education administrator. However, an EdD education can also lead to roles in a classroom setting, such as a professor.

The process of earning an EdD degree helps individuals gain expertise in concepts such as leadership, academic policy, and resource management. While these skills are often useful in administration, policy development and implication, and leadership contexts, an EdD can also give degree holders the foundational knowledge to conduct academic research. 

Choosing an EdD Program

No two EdD programs are alike. Exploring their differences can help prospective students determine the program that’s the right fit for them. EdD programs may offer varying specializations, for example, education policy and leadership or school administration. Programs can also differ in delivery options, such as online versus in-person coursework. 

Benefits of an Online EdD

Individuals who opt to pursue their EdD through an online program can benefit in several ways. A significant advantage is the flexibility of an online program, as its structure makes it possible for students to build their studies and coursework around their existing schedule.

Another benefit of an online EdD program is that students who are concurrently working full-time can immediately apply what they’ve learned to their job. Additionally, the flexibility of an online program fosters discipline, such as good time management, which is essential for professional success.

Become an Education Leader  

As society continues to evolve, effective leadership will be needed to guide educational institutions toward a brighter future. Earning an EdD can prepare an individual to guide others confidently as an academic leader, either in the classroom or in an administrative role. Being fully able to lead this charge can make earning an EdD an immensely satisfying achievement.

American University’s online EdD in Education Policy and Leadership program offers students a flexible option to participate in an innovative EdD program from one of the nation’s leading universities. Because the program is online, professionals have the ability to pursue their educational leadership goals and connect with established thought leaders and decision makers, all while still being able to balance their other responsibilities. 

Explore American University’s innovative program to learn more about how the EdD in Education Policy and Leadership program can help educators advance in their field and change lives.

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EdD Vs. PhD: Key Differences And Tips For Choosing

Updated: August 7, 2023

Published: July 8, 2020

When it comes to education, there is a broad array of jobs within the field. Depending on what kind of position and career you wish to have, you can choose to earn either an EdD or PhD. Regardless of which you choose to earn, you’ll first need to have your master’s in education . Then, you can decide which degree to pursue between an EdD vs. PhD by understanding their differences and choosing the path that will best help you to achieve your career goals.

What Is An EdD?

An EdD stands for a Doctor of Education. It’s a professional degree that is intended for those who want to work in educational leadership or business. The degree is practice-based and prepares graduates to be able to influence both communities and educational systems. Candidates can work in K-12 education, higher education, nonprofits, the military, government, and healthcare.

What Is A PhD?

A PhD in Education stands for Doctor of Philosophy in Education. For those earning their PhD in Education, it’s a terminal degree — which means it’s the ultimate degree level one can earn. PhD programs are more theoretical in nature and study-based compared to the practical design of an EdD. It’s the better choice for students who want to become a professor, land a tenure position, or work in academic research. Students often are published in journals, present at conferences and learn how to teach other educators during their PhD.

What Can You Do With An EdD?

Graduates with an EdD can work in a variety of positions. Common jobs for those with an EdD include:

1. Elementary and Secondary School Administrators

In elementary, middle, and high schools, school administrators manage academic programs, staffing, and budgets within their district.

2. Postsecondary School Administrators

Administrators work in colleges and universities to help oversee faculty, admissions, student affairs, and academics.

3. Executives

Those with an EdD can serve in executive positions such as chief learning officers or chief academic officers. These C-suite executives create strategies to help the company achieve business goals.

4. Coordinators

Instructional coordinators design curricula and educational materials. They may work with teachers to help provide learning strategies and maximize learning for students.

Photo by  Pixabay  from  Pexels

What can you do with a phd.

A PhD is a more theoretical program. It is designed to train graduates to be able to take up teaching positions at the college level or to perform research. Those with a PhD may become:

1. Professor

Professors teach at a college or university level. They are often focused on research and publish their work in journals or books.

2. Academic Researcher

Researchers can work in their own research center and often have the opportunity to obtain funding for their work. They may perform research on behalf of a government, public, or private institution.

EdD Vs. PhD In Education

It’s already obvious as to how these two programs are dramatically different. Let’s dive into more details regarding how they compare to one another.

Main Differences Between EdD Vs. PhD

Education Requirements

It goes without saying that the educational requirements for the two degrees are quite different. Let’s take a look at what they are:

• An EdD requires a master’s degree first. The program may take 1.5 to 3 years on average to complete. Oftentimes, students continue to work while earning the degree.
• A PhD is also attained after a master’s degree. Coursework includes: teaching methods, research methods, and a dissertation to graduate. PhDs can take anywhere from 4 to 6 years to complete. Most of the time, students are enrolled in the program full-time as it’s a demanding schedule.

Specialty Tracks Of EdD And PhD

Along with the popular career tracks for those who earn an EdD and PhD, there are more speciality tracks a prospective student can choose from.

PhD programs offer specializations in:

• Adult education
• Special education
• Early childhood education
• Instruction and learning

On the other hand, EdD programs have specializations in:

• Administrative leadership
• Higher education
• Literacy leadership
• College teaching and learning

Who Should Get A PhD Vs. EdD?

There’s really no single right or wrong answer as to who should get a PhD versus an EdD. Ultimately, the best way to decide is based on your career goals.

If you want to be a professor or perform academic research, then a PhD is the better path to take. If you’d rather work in administration or policy, then a practical degree like an EdD is the right choice to make !

EdD Vs PhD: How To Choose

Ultimately, when you’re deciding which degree to pursue, you’ll want to take the following into consideration:

• Understand which career path you prefer
• Focus and follow your passion
• Imagine your day-to-day with both degrees in one of the aforementioned positions
• Research programs that offer each degree
• Compare the coursework of each program
• Take a look at specialization tracks
• Estimate your time commitment and program costs
• Trust your gut!

Just Getting Started?

If you have yet to earn your master’s degree, that will be the first step you’ll have to take in any case. You can even choose to earn your master’s degree in education online. The University of the People offers an entirely online program that is tuition-free for those seeking to earn their master’s in education at an affordable, accessible, and quality institution.

One of the best parts about the program at UoPeople is that not only is it accredited, but it also reflects the teaching standards of the International Baccalaureate (IB). Students can complete the program by taking a minimum of 13 courses for 39 credits.

Photo by Benjamin Child on Unsplash

The choice is yours to make.

Whether you decide to earn your EdD or PhD, you’ll be making a major life decision. Both degree paths lead to different positions in education. Remember, EdDs are more practical in nature and lead to jobs in administration or executive-level opportunities in business. PhDs are geared towards those seeking a career in academia and research.

Once you understand your career goals, choosing between an EdD vs. PhD becomes a much clearer and easier choice to make!

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EdD vs PhD: Which One is Right For You?

It’s important to understand what is an EdD vs PhD before you can drill down into the individual programs and choose the course that’s right for you.  Both doctorates are equivalent in level; however, there’s more than one difference between EdD and PhD when it comes to the nature and content of the degrees.

An EdD is an advanced degree focused on developing practical skills, while a PhD is centered around theory-based research.

Let’s start by examining both types of doctorate degrees in detail.

Table of Contents

What Does EdD Stand For & What Is an EdD Degree?

EdD is short for “Doctor of Education.” An EdD typically involves practical research, participation in workshops, and other advanced practical skills. For instance, as part of your studies, you may have to implement a new program and submit its findings to your supervisor.

The subject of study depends on the specialty you choose. For example, you may pursue an EdD in finding the best educational practices. This could involve spending time in a range of classrooms to understand the current education system and identify innovations that may be valuable.

Experts recommend an EdD for education professionals who want to drive change in the current educational system. Candidates for a Doctor of Education include education professionals from a diverse range of fields, from teachers of K-12 students to educators working in government and military settings.

Generally speaking, an EdD is designed to give you skills and knowledge that you can easily apply to a real-world environment. This is a high-level, complex degree that goes far beyond research. Students will not only research their specific area of interest, but they will also apply this research to their work and community to drive decision-making and innovation in the real world.

What Can You Do With an EdD Degree?

EdD programs are designed to prepare students for leadership roles in the education sector, where they can apply their learning and research to improve learning outcomes and the sector in general. While these programs focus on the educational sector, they have a broad scope and can be applied to other industries, not just education.

Most EdD graduates manage or lead schools, universities, colleges, and other advanced educational institutions. Other roles may include training teachers, driving innovative change in educational approaches, and performing research in their respective fields.

Here are some other roles that you may secure thanks to an EdD qualification:

●      Postsecondary Education Administrator:  These administrators work in universities and colleges to manage admissions, student affairs, and the institution in general. These professionals may hold the title of dean, vice president, and president of the school. The average salary  of a postsecondary education administrator is around $46.87 per hour or $97,500 per year.

●        Elementary School Administrator: These professionals are in charge of staffing and general management of elementary schools.

●        Top Executives: Executives are responsible for developing business plans and strategies that can help organizations in the education sector meet their goals. They also oversee academic performance, school programs, and other institutional tasks.

●  Coordinators:  Coordinators manage the curricula and other educational matters at elementary schools, secondary schools, and colleges. A coordinator helps tutors to apply effective teaching strategies while managing the overall effectiveness of programs.

These are just a few of the many career opportunities for EdD graduates.

What Is a PhD?

A PhD is a doctoral degree for students who want to pursue theory-based research in their area of specialization. As opposed to an EdD, a PhD typically has a more theory-based approach to education. The goal is to master a particular subject or improve on sting research by adding unique findings.

This degree is best suited to those who wish to become academics, whether in the fields of research or teaching. As part of completing a PhD program , students often publish their work in reputed journals and present at national conferences, helping to further their academic careers.

What Can You Do With a PhD?

A PhD opens up a range of career opportunities. You can start working as an assistant professor while completing your PhD, or work as a full-time professor, researcher, or school administrator after graduation.

After completing a PhD, most graduates secure roles in one of two main areas:

• Postsecondary Teachers:  PhD graduates are qualified to teach at a university level. When postsecondary teachers are not teaching, they attend conferences and work on academic papers. A postsecondary teacher can make up to $80,560  a year, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
• Academic Researcher:  Research, both within universities and for private institutions, is another common career pathway for PhD holders. Academic researcher salaries vary depending on the area of specialty, type of research, and amount of time invested in the research.

PhD vs EdD: Key Differences

Both a PhD and an EdD are doctorate degrees, but each type of degree has a different academic environment and different associated career paths. If you are interested in pursuing a career in academia, a PhD is your best bet. This degree focuses on theory-based research and equips you to become a university professor or academic researcher.

On the other hand, if you’re interested in a leadership role in the education sector, a Doctorate in Education is probably the best option for you. This kind of degree is most suitable for candidates who want to pursue leadership roles in colleges, universities, government agencies, and non-profit organizations. Armed with an EdD degree, you can also become a trainer or an instructor across a range of industries.

Here are a few key differences between an EdD and PhD in education:

●        An EdD typically requires only 60 units of credits while a PhD usually needs 90 credits, depending on the program.

●        An EdD takes around three years to complete full time. A PhD, on the other hand, can take from three years to five years, or even more, depending on the field you choose.

●        An EdD is a largely practical course, while a PhD is a research-based program that typically focuses on theoretical concepts.

PhD Versus EdD – Career Opportunities

Generally speaking, an EdD will help you to secure a leadership role in the education sector, while a PhD opens up career opportunities in research and academia.

A PhD can help you pursue a career as a:

• School curriculum coordinator
• Professor or assistant professor
• Academic researcher
• Educational consultant

An EdD can help you become a:

• School or college leader
• Policymaker
• Decision maker
• Curriculum developer

These are just a few of the potential career directions, with a wealth of career opportunities available for students who complete either of these types of doctorate programs.

Is a PhD Better Than an EdD?

A PhD and an EdD are equivalent in level. However, they do support different career paths. A PhD is more valuable if you’re seeking a career in academia.

Can an EdD be called a Doctor?

Yes, absolutely! An EdD is a doctorate degree and graduates earn the title of Doctor. An EdD refers to a Doctor of Education , so yes, you will be called a doctor after completing this program.

Can You Be a Professor With an EdD?

Yes. Once you have completed your EdD degree, you will be qualified to teach students at a post-secondary level, for example, at a university or college. Many universities hire professors and assistant professors with an EdD degree, though it is more common for academic teaching and research staff to have a PhD.

Final Thoughts

When it comes to an EdD vs PhD in Education, both are high-level, valuable degrees that open up a range of career opportunities in the education sector. When deciding between an EdD or PhD, remember the key differences. An EdD has a more practical focus, and is designed to help you become an education leader or policymaker. On the other hand, a PhD is largely based around theoretical research and will allow you to become a university professor or academic researcher.

For more choosing the right advanced degree for you, take a look at our guide to master’s and PhD timelines , as well as our round-up of the top 20 online PhD programs.

Lisa Marlin

Lisa is a full-time writer specializing in career advice, further education, and personal development. She works from all over the world, and when not writing you'll find her hiking, practicing yoga, or enjoying a glass of Malbec.

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EdD vs. PhD: Which One Is Right For You?

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Educators like you share a passion for changing lives and making their schools better. As you follow that passion into a doctoral degree, you’ll notice that there are multiple routes you can take to further your education. Since there are multiple ways to enhance a change in education, it makes sense that there should be more than one doctoral degree that covers every aspect of the field: Education EdD and the Education PhD. Both of these degrees will equip you with the necessary skills to move forward in your career, but which one is going to help you create the impact you want to make?

What is a PhD in Education?

The PhD in Education, like most PhDs, is acquired by researching the field in an effort to add to the wealth of information. PhD students set out to discover new knowledge and expand what is taught and what is possible about their field. It’s no surprise that a PhD program focuses on research, and how the subject fits into the overall knowledge. After graduation, students typically get jobs teaching at universities or continuing research.

How is an EdD different from a PhD?

A Doctorate in Education (EdD) differs from a PhD in many ways. The key difference is what the program trains students to do. While a PhD focuses on adding to the knowledge base, the EdD focuses on how to bring change to specific issues within the education system. These issues can range from individual curriculums to the complete functionality of the system as a whole. Students who want to make a difference as superintendents, or curriculum coordinators are ideal for this degree, because the program focuses more on studying the structure of institutional learning and how to improve it.

What are some other differences?

According to Dr. Holly Foster, Associate Professor and Program Coordinator of Higher Education and Student Affairs in the School of Education, there is a pattern of other differences between the two types of degrees. One difference is that an EdD program typically requires less hours to complete the plan of study. You may also find a difference in the program design as well. While the PhD program will usually require a traditional dissertation, where the EdD programs also require a dissertation of some kind, but these are typically more action-oriented, and focus on the needs of professionals already working in the field.

What does that mean for you?

Now with a little clarification, you can narrow down your choices. Both of these degrees will put you on the track to further your career in education, and both are a great way for you to expand your abilities to influence the way students learn.

The only decision you have to make now, is how you want to impact your institution. To put it simply, if your goal is to have a direct effect on what your students learn by teaching them yourself, you may be looking for a PhD in Education. However, if you want to improve the way learning is initiated, and make the system more effective, an EdD is right for you.

The University of Southern Mississippi now offers two fully online EdD programs. For educators looking to work in the high school ranks, there is an Educational Administration EdD . And for those looking to impact higher learning institutions Southern Miss also offers a Higher Education EdD .

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EdD vs. PhD in Education: What’s the Difference?

By Scott W. O’Connor

If you’re interested in pursuing a doctoral degree in education, one of the first questions you’ll face is:  Should I apply for a Doctor of Education (EdD) or a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Education?

The decision between these two culminating degrees can be career-defining as each serves a very different purpose despite being equivalent in level. In order to ensure you choose the path that best aligns with your future career goals, it’s important to take the time to first understand the differences in program curriculum and future career opportunities that relate to each degree.

Read on to learn about the defining qualities of an EdD and a PhD in Education, and determine which program is the right fit for you.

EdD vs. PhD in Education

A  Doctor of Education (EdD)  is a professional degree designed for practitioners pursuing educational leadership roles. A  PhD in education , on the other hand, is designed to prepare graduates for research and teaching roles.

“With a PhD, [students are] reviewing the research, seeing a gap in the literature, and generating new knowledge based on a theory or hypothesis,”  Joseph McNabb , a professor of practice in Northeastern’s  Graduate School of Education , explains. “Conversely, an EdD student starts with a problem of practice and [works to learn] the skills it will take to resolve that complex problem of practice.”

What is an EdD Degree?

An  EdD, or Doctor of Education , is a  professional doctorate  best suited for experienced educators and mid- to senior-level working professionals who want to lead and implement change within their organization.

EdD candidates work in a broad range of fields ranging from K-12 and higher education to nonprofits, government, healthcare, and the military. What each share is a desire to transform their everyday environment and apply the lessons learned through their doctorate to a complex, critical issue facing their workplace. 

The EdD is practice-based. Students in an EdD program don’t want to just research their area of interest, but leverage that research in ways that could positively influence their community or organization’s decision-making process.

Learn More:   5 Tips for Choosing Your EdD Concentration

Those who pursue an EdD focus on qualitative, exploratory research. Students collect data and conduct individual interviews, observations, or focus groups to construct hypotheses and develop strategies that can help solve or clarify a specific problem of practice, such as how to support student veterans transitioning to civilian life or how to foster more female leaders in higher education—two  dissertation topics  recently explored through  Northeastern’s EdD program .

What Can You Do with an EdD Degree?

While an EdD can be applied to a variety of industries—such as K-12, higher education, the nonprofit sector, or civic service—there are several job titles you’ll likely come across within your cohort of classmates. They include:

• Postsecondary Education Administrators:  Postsecondary education administrators work in colleges or universities, and typically oversee faculty research, academics, admissions, or student affairs. Some job titles that fall under this category include president, vice president, provost, and dean. The average annual salary for a postsecondary education administrator rings in at  $94,340 .
• Elementary and Secondary School Education Administrators:  Superintendents, who are the top executives of a school district, fall under this category. They manage academic programs, spending, and the staffing of all educational facilities within their district, and typically earn  an average of $98,880 per year .
• Top Executives : In education, a top executive could be a “chief learning officer” or “chief academic officer”—senior-level professionals who drive and develop strategies that help their organization meet critical business goals. Top executives make an average of approximately  $104,980 per year .
• Instructional Coordinators : Instructional coordinators create and manage school curricula and other educational materials. They help teachers implement effective classroom learning strategies and measure the effectiveness of what’s being taught and how. The average annual salary for instructional coordinators is roughly  $64,450 .

These are just a few of the many career opportunities available to EdD graduates.

Learn More:   Top Careers with a Doctorate in Education

What is a PhD in Education?

A  PhD in Education  is a terminal degree best suited for individuals who want to pursue a career in academia or research at the university level.

Students in a PhD program take a more theoretical, study-based approach to learning. In most cases, their goal is to master a specific subject or add their unique findings to a body of existing literature. PhD candidates conduct original research in the hopes of driving change in their field or inspiring others to make change based off their work.

A PhD is the degree most popular amongst those who aspire to become a professor or obtain a tenure position. Through these programs, students tend to focus on getting published in well-respected journals, presenting at national conferences, and learning how to teach future educators.

What Can You Do with a PhD in Education?

While some of the above roles can also be earned through a PhD program, the most common job titles for PhD-holders include:

• Postsecondary Teachers:  Postsecondary teachers instruct students at a college or university. When they’re not in the classroom, they’re often focused on conducting research, attending conferences, and publishing scholarly papers and books. Postsecondary teachers earn  an average $78,470 per year .
• Academic Researcher : Researchers often have the opportunity to create their own centers or institutes, hire staff to help carry out their work, and secure funding for that work. Salaries often vary by subject area, but a general academic researcher typically earns an average  $76,273 per year .

Taking the Next Step

Once you’ve explored the differences between an EdD and PhD in Education, the most relevant question to consider will be:  What’s the next step I want to take in my career, and which degree can help me achieve my professional goals?  The answer to this question will determine which degree you ultimately pursue.

Earning your doctorate can pay off no matter which path you choose. Professionals with a doctoral degree earn an average  $3.65 million  over their lifetime—nearly one million dollars more than master’s degree holders. Similarly, doctoral degree holders see an unemployment rate of only  1.5 percent  compared to the national unemployment rate of 3.6 percent.

Regardless of which degree you ultimately pursue, there is enormous potential for you to advance your career in the field of education. Evaluating your needs and values will help you understand whether an EdD or PhD in Education is best suited to your personal and professional goals.

About Scott W. O’Connor

Scott W. O’Connor is a writer and SEO specialist for Northeastern University. He has been writing for both print and online publications for over 10 years and specializes in the higher education sector.

“With a PhD, [students are] reviewing the research, seeing a gap in the literature, and generating new knowledge based on a theory or hypothesis. Conversely, an EdD student starts with a problem of practice and [works to learn] the skills it will take to resolve that complex problem of practice.” Joseph McNabb Professor of practice in Northeastern’s  Graduate School of Education

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PhD vs. EdD

What’s the difference between a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and a Doctor of Education (EdD)?

Both are advanced degrees that represent the high levels of graduate scholarship. The right degree for you depends on whether you are seeking a job as a researcher/professor or as a leader-practitioner.

PhD Degree:

• Typical duration: 5 years
• Requires a dissertation and successful dissertation defense
• Primary focus is on scholarship and teaching
• For students wanting to work as a college professor and/or to conduct research studies
• Graduates work as faculty at colleges/universities, as industry or nonprofit researchers, or in K-12 school districts

EdD Degree:

• Typical duration: 3 years
• Requires a dissertation-in-practice
• Focus blends practice with research
• For students who seek to become scholar-practitioners
• Graduates work in a variety of leadership roles in PreK-12 education, higher education, nonprofits, and business

Conclusion:

Both are doctorate degrees that represent high levels of scholarship. The PhD degree is ideal for students who see themselves as researchers and scholars; the EdD degree is for students who are seeking leadership positions that blend practice with research.

Ed.D. vs. Ph.D.: What’s the Difference?

Reviewed by Jon Konen, District Superintendent

In essence, the primary difference between a Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) and a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) is that an Ed.D. focuses on practical skills, while a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) focuses on theory and research.

Those pursuing an Ed.D. typically want to work in education leadership roles, so they perform hands-on work while pursuing their degrees. Ph.D. candidates usually hope to work in educational research and high-level education, so they perform a lot of literature reviews and other types of academic study. However, both involve practical and theory-based work.

Do you want to earn a doctorate in education but can’t decide which type of program to choose? Then, look no further for the answers to your questions.

Here, we’ll discuss the difference between an Ed.D. and Ph.D., including the careers they’re both geared toward, what their respective course schedules look like, how long they take to get, and more.

What Is an Ed.D.?

If you are working towards your Ed.D., your curriculum will likely be geared towards solving on-the-ground problems in the educational system.

Projects for Ed.D. programs often include participating in workshops and research in the community, up to implementing a program in a classroom and reporting the findings. Specific coursework is determined by the area you specialize in. For instance, if you’re focusing on creating best practices for special education, you’ll likely spend time working in various special education rooms.

What Can I Do With an Ed.D.?

Those with Ed.D. degrees often seek positions in administration or community or district-wide leadership, seeking to improve schools and other educational resources in their communities.

If you choose to pursue the Ed.D. route, you may also choose to specialize in different leadership tracks such as:

• Educational Technology : Instructional technologists help create programs for classrooms, teach district leaders and educators how to best implement digital resources, and more.
• Education Policy : Education policy jobs involve helping officials to create policies that further and benefit education at the local through national levels.
• School or District Leadership : Principals and superintendents aren’t generally required to have doctorates, but the degrees can make them stand out among the crowd.

Salaries and Job Growth for Common Ed.D. Careers

There are many possible careers with Doctor of Education degrees, but salaries for the most common include:

• Educational Technologists: Average base salary of $64,125 per year ; growth unavailable
• Education Policymakers: Median salary of $125,350 per year (inclusive of all political scientists); 9% growth 2020-2030
• School or District Leaders: Median salary of $98,490 per year (inclusive of all administrative positions); 3% to 4% growth 2019-2029

What is a Ph.D. in Education?

A Ph.D. in education focuses on conducting research that enhances the profession and educational system. Most people with this doctorate spend some time working as a professor or postsecondary administrator.

Ph.D. in education programs generally require courses in research, independent study, and best practices, culminating in a dissertation.

That said, teaching-related internships and research are often needed.

What Can I Do With a Ph.D. in Education?

With a Ph.D. in education, you will usually seek employment as a college professor or educational researcher. This means you should want to teach and conduct research at the collegiate level. While some people can ultimately focus their efforts on research, being asked to teach is common.

While both Ed.D. and Ph.D. programs allow many of the same specialties, some more common with Ph.D. programs are:

• Adult Education : Adult education can mean college professors in the traditional sense or working with nontraditional learners on earning their GEDs.
• School Psychology: This program may be offered through a college’s education department or psychology department. It allows you to provide in-depth psychological services to students and families.
• Specific Subjects: You can focus on an academic subject you like most, such as math , language arts , history , special education, or even art and physical education , allowing you to create best practices for teachers, teach college students in the subject, research the psychology behind best practices, and work as a K-12 classroom teacher or teacher leader.

Salaries and Job Growth for Common Ph.D. in Education Careers

No matter the specialty, many Ph.D. holders work in college classrooms and administration. The salaries and job growth estimates for those areas are:

• Postsecondary Teachers: Median salary of $80,560 per year ; 12% growth between 2020 and 2030
• Postsecondary Education Administrators: Median salary of $97,500 per year ; 8% growth 2020-2030

Similarities Between Ed.D. and Ph.D. Degrees

Both a Ph.D. in education and an Ed.D. are intended to extend a teacher’s knowledge and ability in education. Each requires research in your intended field and the defense of a dissertation, capstone project, or other comprehensive final exploration of a topic.

You can refer to yourself as “doctor” whether you have a Ph.D. or Ed.D. However, you should be aware of the context in which you’re using it since almost everyone associates the term with medical doctors. In your classroom? Go ahead! In a place where it could be confusing? Consider leaving your title at home.

While common career paths were named under both the Ed.D. and Ph.D. sections above, you aren’t barred from entering those careers with the other doctorate. While it’s more common, for instance, for someone with an Ed.D. to work hands-on in the schools, someone with a Ph.D. can definitely do that too.

Some doctoral programs allow you to pick an area to specialize in, while others only enroll students for specific types of specialties. It’s rare for a student not to specialize—to work as a doctor in education, you need to have a particular area you’re passionate enough about to want to focus your studies on it.

Common specialization tracks for both degree types can include:

• Adult Education
• Curriculum, Instruction, and Learning
• Early Childhood Education (ECE)
• Special Education (SPED)
• Teacher Leadership

While you can have other degrees in all those specializations, doctoral degrees allow you to make bigger picture decisions.

For instance, someone with a master’s in ECE may serve as a consultant or manager of an ECE center, while someone with a doctorate is more likely to work at the policy level to ensure a community’s early childhood education goals are met. (If you want to teach ECE and not work in those levels, consider an associate or bachelor’s degree in the field, as those are typically all you need.)

Is Getting a Doctoral Degree in Education Worth It?

Getting a Ph.D. in education or an Ed.D. is worthwhile for some people and not for others. Here are some pros and cons to consider when deciding to pursue a doctoral degree in education:

Doctoral Degrees in Education: Pros

• Prestige: Getting a doctorate impresses many people.
• Additional Career Opportunities: Some careers that education-focused doctors can have are open to those with master’s degrees, but many (such as professors at major universities) often require doctorates.
• Research: Doctoral candidates and doctors in education often have more resources for researching their chosen field.

Doctoral Degrees in Education: Cons

• Potentially Harder to Get Some Jobs: If you want to work as a teacher in a K-12 school, you’ll likely be at the high end of the pay scale. If you decide to switch to a new school or district, you could find it hard to gain employment since you’re more expensive to hire.
• According to the National Center for Education Statistics , the most recent data on the cost of a graduate education at a public university shows the average to be $11,926 per year.
• At a private university, you’re looking at an average of $25,442 per year.
• You May Not Need One: Before committing the time and money to a doctoral degree in education, be sure you need one. In some cases, the costs outweigh the benefits.

Ed.D. vs. Ph.D.: Which is Right for Me?

Both doctoral degrees in education can lead to professional advancement. The two primary factors to consider are how much time you have to spend in school and what your careers goals are:

• Time in School: You should generally expect your D. in education to take between four and six years, depending on a few factors that will play out after you get started. An Ed.D. usually takes approximately three years.
• Career Goals: An Ed.D. involves more of a practical application of what you’re learning. You learn by doing and should want a career where you’re actively involved in education. Meanwhile, a D. in educationinvolves more theoretical and research-based work. You should favor jobs in research and development but also be comfortable teaching in a postsecondary environment.

Your Path to a Doctorate in Education

If you’re beginning to explore careers in education , you may have made it to this page as part of figuring out the path to your ideal career in the field. Remember: No matter what, you need a minimum of a bachelor’s degree to pursue a doctorate in education. Depending on the requirements of the programs that might be offered at your school of choice, you may also need a master’s degree .

However, if you’re getting ready to enter a specific job that requires a doctorate, it’s time to explore doctoral programs in your state or online.

Whether you choose an Ed.D., Ph.D., or choose to remain at the bachelor’s or master’s degree levels, a career in education—even one that seems a bit outside the box —means you’re likely to change lives. We at EducationDegree are here to help with our wealth of articles and other resources to set you up for success.

(Salary data reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in May 2020 for teachers and administrators . Figures represent national data, not school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary. Information accessed October 2021.)

School of Education

Edd and phd in education jobs and career paths, drexel university school of education, phd vs. edd .

Though the  EdD and  PhD in Education are similar in form, they’re fundamentally different in function. Both the EdD and Phd degrees allow you to develop your abilities as an educator and to pursue a wide range of career opportunities with high earning potential. However, with a different emphasis in curriculum, the EdD and PhD, differ significantly in the range of career paths that graduates are ready to pursue.

Interested in learning more about career opportunities and jobs in education with an EdD or PhD requirement?  Request more information about Drexel University School of Education’s educational programs.

What does it mean to have a doctor of Education (EDD)? 

Careers with a doctorate in education range from leadership positions in schools to careers in corporate, government and non-profit settings. A common question when students are thinking about an EdD is, “can you be a professor with an EdD”? The short answer to this question is yes, although a PhD may be a better fit for those who wish to become a professor at a college or university. An EdD is ideal for those who are practitioners looking to grow within their company. For example, a teacher or school principal wishing to become a superintendent may find Drexel’s EdD in Educational Leadership and Management  with a Superintendent Letter of Eligibility to be the right degree for them. Alternatively, a manager within a company looking to grow into a c-suite executive or Chief Learning Officer position may benefit from an EdD with a concentration in Human Resource Development.

What can you do with a doctorate in education?

EdD programs tend to focus on learning about the management of large and complex organizations. This curriculum prepares EdD graduates to take on a wide range of administrative positions inside and outside of academia, with varying salaries.

Doctor in Education (EdD) Salary and Career Opportunities

With an emphasis on leadership roles, and the experience of working with cultural diversity in the classroom, a doctorate in education (EdD) prepares you to work in a number of different positions, with Doctor of Education salary varying by position. These positions include, but aren’t limited to:

• school superintendent
• policy maker
• curriculum director
• chief learning officer
• education administrator
• training and development manager

School Principal

Though students often think of principals as a chief disciplinarian, school principals are actually responsible for overseeing virtually every aspect of a school’s operation. From evaluating teachers to managing the budget, principals work to improve student outcomes in a multidimensional way.

The average salary for a school principal varies between $80,329 for elementary school and $89,882 for high school positions. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , median pay for a school principal (without specifying between elementary, secondary education, or high school) is $98,490.

Education Administrator

For a number of reasons, an education administrator is one of the best PhD in educational leadership jobs. Someone in this position is responsible for overseeing the daily operations of a school. The role requires developing a vision for the future of the school and implementing programs to help keep that vision running on track. Salary varies depending on the educational level instructed. According to PayScale the average salary for an education administrator is $69,508, however according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , education administrators for elementary and secondary schools have a mean annual wage of $98,750.

Training and Development Manager

Individuals in the education field need to continue learning throughout their career. A training and development manager is someone who evaluates an organization’s future and present needs for training. They might create or update existing training programs, with videos, web content, instruction manuals, and similar educational training resources. They may also directly oversee the training of staff, making them one of the most hands-on variety of doctor of education jobs.

According to PayScale , the average salary for a training & development manager is $77,507. The Bureau of Labor Statistics lists the median pay for a training and development manager as substantially higher at $115,640.

Chief Learning Officer

Every business, non-profit group, and educational institution will have their own unique goals, resources, and talent on staff. A chief learning officer is someone who formulates the strategy, responsible for directing the goals and policies of their institution. Similar to a training and development manager, the chief learning officer is responsible for disseminating knowledge, keeping things under budget, and a number of similar administrative tasks. According to PayScale , the average salary for a chief learning officer is $155,551, while the Bureau of Labor Statistics cites the median pay at $115,640.

EdD Career Frequently Asked Questions

Can i become a professor with an edd.

Individuals with an EdD can become a professor at a college or university, but they typically also have several years of work experience. For instance, a superintendent of a school district may retire and become a professor of education at a university. It is recommended that if your career goal is to become a professor, that you pursue a PhD degree. A PhD degree includes a curriculum that is steeped in research, which is what a professor would be doing when they are not teaching courses.

Do I have to come to campus to complete my EdD?

At Drexel University, the online EdD program can be completed without ever coming to campus. Students can take all their courses online and conduct their dissertation research remotely. EdD students can also defend their dissertation remotely. It is quite common for students to only come to campus for their commencement ceremony to receive their doctoral hood from their professor and be recognized on stage, however, this is also not required.

What does it mean to have a PhD in education?

A PhD in Education is an advanced degree that teaches students various qualitative and quantitative research theory and techniques. The curriculum involves formal courses along with professional research and other activities. Students work closely with a supervising professor as they conduct their dissertation research. A PhD in Education typically prepares students for careers as a professor or researcher in education, although the core research principles taught in the program can apply to other fields in the private and public sectors.

PhD in Education Salary and Careers Opportunities

What can you do with a PhD in education? PhD programs are usually best suited to people who want to teach or research. Having a mastery of their subject and finely-honed research skills, a PhD graduate is a scholar capable of training new scholars. Though focused on teaching and research, the PhD in Education actually provides access to a diverse range of career options inside and outside of academia.

University Professor

Professors are teachers for college-level students. Usually specializing in one field, such as law or biology, a university professor is responsible for instructing students. They are educators who have a mastery of understanding over the importance of diversity in the classroom and use it to educate students from a wide variety of backgrounds. Depending on their focus and career track, professors are also usually involved with research or publishing.

The salary of a university professor varies widely, depending on area of expertise, and whether working in an adjunct or tenure track position. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , median pay for this position is $80,790, but according to PayScale , university professors have an average salary of $88,445.

College President

In addition to sharing many responsibilities with school principals, a college president is the chief fundraiser of their institution. They work to raise the profile of their institution and work closely with other administrators to find better ways of supporting their students. Similar to a chief learning officer, the president has a vision for their school, and works to develop that vision.

According to PayScale , the average salary for a college president is $155,616. But there are significant differences in salary between public and private institutions. Conversely, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , a postsecondary education administrator enjoys a median salary of $97,500.

An educational researcher leverages their knowledge of the educational field and designs academic programs that assist schools and universities to devise curriculum and measure student progress. They work with faculty to devise a measurable process for programs, identifying inefficiencies and working to develop the skills of faculty to give students a more robust educational experience. Additionally, they can advocate for research projects that can help a university to determine new programs to add. Universities will add new programs in order to meet changing demands within academia and the workforce thus preparing students for existing or emerging career paths. According to Glassdoor , university researchers earn an average salary of $57,000, although some can command an annual salary of up to $89,000.

PhD in Education Frequently Asked Questions

Can i earn a phd while working full-time.

At Drexel, we offer two paths in our PhD in Education  program. We have a paid full-time program and a part-time program. In the full-time program, students take courses and work within their department of study. Students receive a stipend to help pay for their living expenses while in the program. The part-time program is geared towards working professionals who want to earn a PhD, but do not want to give up their jobs. Students in this track take courses in the evening and online and pay tuition. Students in the part-time PhD program may be eligible for financial aid and scholarships to help cover the cost of their education.

Can I apply my PhD to careers outside education?

A PhD in education opens the doors to many careers both in and outside of education. Students with a PhD can apply their knowledge of research to almost any company or organization that is looking to solve complex problems. Careers outside education include Chief Knowledge Officer, Chief of Staff, Researcher, and more.

Which is Better, PhD or EdD in Education?

While not one degree is “better” than the other, the bigger question is “which degree, PhD or EdD in Education, is better for you.” Visit our EdD Vs PhD page  to learn more about the similarities and differences between the two programs. You can also visit our Doctoral Programs page  to learn more about the curriculum and format of Drexel EdD and PhD programs, or you can Request More Information  from us.

EdDPrograms.org

Is an Ed.D. Worth It?

Depending on your goals, an Ed.D. may or may not be right for you. If you’re not sure yet, we’ll help you resolve the debate. Learn whether an Ed.D. will be respected in your workplace. Find out which roles may require a doctorate in education. And use our tips to find—and fund—an Ed.D. program that will pay dividends in the job market.

Who Should Consider an Ed.D. Program?

The best candidates for an Ed.D. have often reached a plateau in their education careers. They’ve spent a number of years gaining experience in teaching and/or administration, but they’re looking for a leadership-focused, practice-based doctorate that they can apply to their workplace. Examples of ideal Ed.D. candidates include:

• K-12 teachers or administrators who need an education doctorate in order to apply for leadership positions in their field (e.g. principal, superintendent, curriculum developer, district administrator, etc.) and/or qualify for a pay raise
• Folks with master’s degrees in other fields who specifically want to acquire educational expertise in fields like curriculum & instruction, educational technology, etc.
• Higher education administrators who would like to deepen their understanding of educational leadership & administrative issues within their college or university but don’t want to apply for faculty positions
• Professionals who are seeking to establish themselves as organizational leadership consultants, public policy analysts, adjunct education professors, chief learning officers, or education lobbyists
• Top-level experts who would like to use an Executive Ed.D. to connect with their peers, explore educational work around the world, and implement major initiatives

Ed.D. students usually have full-time jobs and family responsibilities. They can’t afford to devote 5-7 years of study to a Ph.D. and they’re not interested in pursuing original, high-level research. Instead, they want a degree that will allow them to:

• Remain in their job while they earn a doctorate
• Take advantage of Ed.D. laboratories of practice to test innovative concepts in the workplace
• Use their Ed.D. dissertation or capstone project to tackle a specific problem of practice
• Transform their ideas around leadership and education

For more on the purpose of an Ed.D., check out the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate (CPED) and its comprehensive framework. CPED also organizes monthly events, annual convenings, and more.

Is an Ed.D. as Good as a Ph.D. in Education?

The answer depends on your situation! Many would argue that the Ed.D. is a “tick the box” degree with a lot of puffy coursework. It doesn’t add any appreciable value in most applications. It can’t compete with the prestige and intellectual rigor of a research-focused doctorate like the Ph.D. And it’s an expensive undertaking.

Others would counter that a solid Ed.D. provides excellent training in practical leadership skills, data-driven decision-making, and sustainable interventions. It teaches doctoral students how to move beyond their daily concerns and take a 30,000-foot-view of challenges within their schools, districts, or organizations. Generally speaking:

• Ed.D. Programs: The Ed.D. is often a good fit for K-12 teachers & administrators who are seeking to climb the career ladder. In some cases, you can even pursue state-specific educational certifications & endorsements while you are earning your doctorate (e.g. superintendency). A reputable Ed.D. with a strong research base could also set you up for adjunct teaching positions and non-faculty positions in higher education administration.
• Ph.D. Programs: The Ph.D. in Education is the best choice for aspiring college professors, academic researchers, and policy experts, especially if you wish to qualify for tenure positions and publish books on education. See our section on becoming a professor for more on this path. If you’re in charge of a large school district or university, you may also feel that a Ph.D. in Education gives you more freedom to investigate complex ideas.

We recommend you do a lot of field research before you make a decision. Talk to faculty and recent alumni of Ed.D. and Ph.D. programs, dig deep into the curricula, read through dissertation examples, and explore our Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. Guide.

Are Ed.D. Programs Respected in the Workplace?

Again, the answer will depend on your workplace and—more importantly—where you earned your doctorate. An Ed.D. from one of the best teaching universities in the country is going to have a lot more clout than an online doctorate from an obscure school. Especially if your Ed.D. professors are engaged in groundbreaking projects! In broad terms:

• In K-12 circles, an Ed.D. may be on its way to becoming a standard qualification for educational leaders. According to NCES’s report on Graduate Degree Fields, in the decade between 2011 and 2021, the total number of doctoral degrees awarded in education increased by 42%.
• In subject-specific fields like science education and health & physical education , your work experience may be more valuable than the title of your doctoral degree. A science educator with an Ed.D. and 10+ years of experience as a K-12 science teacher or administrator trumps any Ph.D. graduate with little exposure to classrooms.
• In medically-related fields like counseling & psychology or nursing education , an Ed.D. is often regarded as the country cousin. For example, CACREP is willing to accredit Ed.D. programs in counseling, but APA only accredits Ph.D. or Psy.D. programs.
• In higher education circles, a Ph.D. in Education is going to be more respected. That’s usually the degree required for tenured and full-time faculty positions. You may also discover that a university likes to promote from within—elevating faculty members to administrative roles like dean, provost, and chair. In this scenario, an Ed.D. can’t compete.

At some point in time, you will have to deal with the preconception that the Ed.D. is a “lesser” degree. However, it won’t matter if you feel like your doctorate has improved your practice, inspired your colleagues, and made a difference in your field. That’s when you are respected in the workplace.

What Jobs Have Ed.D. Requirements?

A doctorate in education becomes a standard job requirement once you reach top-level positions in PK-20 education and policy & consultancy work. Many employers are willing to consider the Ed.D. or the Ph.D. unless it’s for tenure-track positions in academia. We’ve created a long list of opportunities in our Ed.D. Career & Salary Guide . We also explore career possibilities for Ed.D. graduates within each specialty page.

Try not to overthink it. An Ed.D. will usually present itself as the next logical step in your career development. For example:

• You may be advised by your K-12 district or university that the time has come to earn a doctorate in educational leadership to qualify for high-level administrative openings.
• You may be working in the private sector and hearing from clients that they will only hire consultants who have a doctorate in organizational leadership .
• You may be hoping to transform the reputation of your community college by pursuing an executive-style doctorate in higher education .
• You may be eager to implement large-scale projects in AI and instructional technology , but you’re lacking the research and planning skills.
• You may be interested in using your experience with adult learners to create & manage unique professional development programs in adult education .

How to Choose an Ed.D. Program

Basic quality factors.

Choosing the right Ed.D. program requires thought, research, and a monstrous pot of coffee. Before we get into the nitty-gritty, here are a few rules to live by:

• Check that the college or university is regionally accredited in the USA or holds the equivalent standing in its native country. A diploma from an unaccredited school is worth about as much as one you print yourself. All of the schools in our listings are regionally accredited.
• Avoid earning your Ed.D. from a for-profit institution, even if it’s regionally accredited. Make sure the institution that awards your Ed.D. is either a private nonprofit or a state-funded public institution. This should not be difficult, as the vast majority of traditional regionally accredited schools are.
• Online Ed.D. programs have become more acceptable in a post-pandemic climate, but look for ones that are backed by reputable universities with a track record of quality and experience in distance learning. There’s nothing more frustrating than a poorly taught online doctorate.

In-Depth Quality Factors

So let’s say that you’ve examined our specialty guides, state guides, and/or rankings. You’ve come up with ~10 local and online Ed.D. programs that look intriguing and created a spreadsheet to keep track of your choices. How do you decide which ones are going to be worth the agony of the application?

• Program Reputation: Find out who is running your program within the College of Education. What research institutes does the department fund? What projects are Ed.D. faculty currently working on? What connections does the program have to outside partners (e.g. George Washington University and the military)? Can you take advantage of this expertise for your dissertation or final project?
• Location: Texas universities may have more of a stake in Latinx education than Minnesota schools. California schools may have funding for educational technology research. Chicago and NYC schools will have expertise in urban education. Appalachian schools may be well-versed in rural issues. Location will matter, even if you’re choosing an online doctorate in education.
• Class Profile: Many Colleges of Education will monitor the makeup of each Ed.D. cohort. We love to see class profiles that feature diversity in ages, genders, and backgrounds. But we also favor programs that foster collaborations between classmates who are facing similar challenges at work.
• Research Components: Some Ed.D. programs have an academic feel, with heavy coursework in quantitative & qualitative research, a traditional 5-chapter dissertation, and opportunities to publish in journals. Others are more workplace-based, with group capstone projects, internships, and laboratories of practice. Which one would your employers value more?
• Real-World Training: In addition to courses that allow you to explore new theories of practice, look for training in areas like statistics, analytics, and AI. Educational leaders are expected to know how to deploy 21st century tools.
• Dissertation/Capstone: Your final project is going to consist of a dissertation, Dissertation in Practice (DiP), or a capstone project. We talk more about these options in our No Dissertation guide. Take the time to browse through projects from recent Ed.D. students in the program to assess their quality and focus. Shoddy work means shoddy professors.
• Portfolio/Dossier: A number of Ed.D. programs now provide their graduates with more than one deliverable (e.g. dissertation + portfolio of projects + journal-ready article). These elements can be particularly valuable if you’re thinking of applying for new jobs or moving into consultancy after graduation.
• Career Outlook: Contact each school to see if they have any career outlook information for their Ed.D. alumni. Some schools maintain lists of prominent alumni, median salary of graduates, and other information that could tip the balance in their favor (e.g. University of Miami’s section on Student Outcomes and Alumni Stories for the Executive Ed.D. in Higher Education Leadership).
• Pragmatic Considerations: We’re talking about boring factors like commuting times, cost, GPA requirements, and your level of work experience. If you’re not yet qualified for an Ed.D. program that you adore, you may want to wait a couple of years and get to the point where you feel financially and professionally secure.

Practical Tips on Funding Your Ed.D. Studies

The cost of an Ed.D. at a regionally accredited school ranges from under $20,000 for the most affordable online options to $100,000+ for the best of the best. Unlike Ph.D. programs, Ed.D. programs are rarely funded by the university. That means you’re going to be on the hook for tuition bills. Fortunately, there are multiple ways to cover the cost.

• Part-Time Study: If you’re planning to pay for the program yourself while you work, you’re in luck—nearly all Ed.D. programs offer classes on a flexible part-time schedule. Ask the Ed.D. program coordinator for a comprehensive budget that includes per semester fees. And see if you can sign up for a monthly payment plan.
• Online Learning: Choose an online doctorate in education and you won’t have any regular commuting costs. Nor will you be required to pay campus-based fees. If you like the human touch, think about hybrid Ed.D. programs that limit on-campus time to weekends and the summer.
• Scholarships & Fellowships: Ed.D. scholarships are not common, but they do exist! On each state page, we’ve created a unique section on funding, with links to scholarship & fellowship opportunities listed under each school. You may find you qualify for unique funds.
• Tuition Reimbursement: A number of states and districts are willing to provide tuition reimbursement for doctoral education. This may not cover the cost of the entire degree, but it will give you a solid start.
• Tuition Remission:  College & university employees are often eligible for tuition remission on the institution’s degrees—this may be especially attractive if you’re looking move up the career ladder in higher education administration. You’ll need to check what remission covers and what you’ll be responsible for (e.g. taxes, fees, books & materials, etc.).
• Student Loan Forgiveness: Some student loan forgiveness options may be available for K-12 professionals who volunteer to teach or work in underserved areas.
• Third Party Support: Educational leadership and teaching associations often have some funding available for members who are committed to advancing their education (e.g. AASA’s Educational Administration Scholarship ). The money may be modest, but every little bit helps.
• Pay Increases: Many states reward K-12 teachers and administrators with a higher payscale than peers with a bachelor’s or master’s degree. In certain cases, this fact can put hiring committees off, so talk to your mentors about your decision before applying for an Ed.D.

What Do Ed.D. Graduates Say About Their Experience?

Reddit is full of threads where Ed.D. students talk about their experiences. The ones who focused on Ed.D. programs that met their career goals, engaged with professors on projects, and recognized that they were pursuing a practice-based degree are very happy with their choice. The ones who were hoping for a Ph.D.-like experience are not.

Some universities conduct their own surveys on Ed.D. graduate outcomes & satisfaction levels. If they don’t, we recommend you reach out to recent Ed.D. graduates through LinkedIn and/or the university’s alumni network. Here are a few questions you can ask them to get the conversation rolling:

• Why did you decide to earn an Ed.D. at this point in your career?
• What conversations did you have with your employer before making the decision?
• How did you fund your degree? Did you receive a pay rise after graduation?
• Did you look at Ph.D. programs as well? What made you reject them?
• Did you know what your dissertation was going to focus on before you applied? How did you land on a topic?
• How did you fit your studies around work & family life?
• Which parts of the program did you enjoy? Which parts did you think were superfluous?
• Do you feel like the Ed.D. gave you enough training in research?
• Can you see your studies making a positive impact on your work?

Final Considerations

Whether an Ed.D. is worth it ultimately depends on which program you choose and how you use it. For example, if you currently teach with an Ed.S. and make $43,000 per year, a doctoral pay increase to $48,000 per year would quickly cover the cost of a $20,000 program, but would take 20 years to pay off a $100,000 program. On the other hand, a $100,000 Ed.D. program that eventually moves you from a $90,000/year administrator position to a $180,000/year administrator position may justify the investment.

If you’re not 100% sure you have a good reason to pursue an Ed.D. program, focus on building up your work experience. Or choose one of the lower-cost regionally accredited options to reduce your tuition burden and satisfy your employer’s demands. However, if your career plan allows you to pursue a more expensive program, there are few terminal degrees that are a more reliable investment—dollar for dollar—than the Doctor of Education.

8 Careers You Can Pursue with a Doctorate in Education

Industry Advice Education

By earning a Doctor of Education (EdD) degree, you’re preparing yourself for a career with lasting impact—on students, on the future of a college or university, on your community, or on the trajectory of a nonprofit trying to improve other communities locally and abroad.

You’re also positioning yourself for advancement. Professionals who earn an EdD are qualified for roles leading and operating schools at the elementary, high school, or college level. They learn to lead in a way that can be transferred to the front of a classroom or at the ground level of an organization.

An EdD signals to employers that you’re a thought leader; that you’re someone who’s demonstrated the capacity to identify a problem, examine issues from multiple perspectives, and offer relevant insights for practical solutions. With your doctorate in hand, you’re prepared to take on a leadership role across a variety of industries.

Here’s a look at the types of positions EdD graduates pursue and eight of the top careers available in the field. 

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What Type of Positions Do EdD Students Pursue?

Northeastern’s EdD students cultivate their leadership skills in the program by integrating practice and insights from experienced faculty and high-achieving peers . They come from diverse fields, including business, criminal justice, healthcare, military, human services, and the nonprofit sector. Their job titles and careers are just as diverse, with students working as policymakers, systems analysts, and administrative leaders within higher education institutions, nonprofit organizations, and governmental agencies.

Top Careers for Doctor of Education Graduates

1. college president.

Average Annual Salary: $272,203

Presidents are the top leaders of a college or university. They establish and execute on their school’s strategic vision, spearhead fundraising, attend student events, and deliver speeches to a variety of constituents, such as donors, lawmakers, government, and faculty, to raise the profile of the institution both locally and abroad. They also collaborate with senior administrators, faculty, and staff to devise new ways to support students and improve their learning environment while maintaining high academic standards. Depending on the type of public or private institution they lead, college presidents can earn impressive seven-figure salaries . 

2. Chief Learning Officer

Average Annual Salary: $152,225

In education, top executive roles include positions like “chief learning officer”—a senior-level professional who develops and drives strategies that help his or her college or university meet critical business goals. Chief learning officers (CLOs) focus on creating strategies for training, learning, and development, and typically oversee an institute’s latest technologies, such as its online learning platform.

Average Annual Salary: $148,783

A provost—or vice president, depending on the college or university—is a senior-level academic administrator who tends to be second in command after the president. Provosts work closely with deans and department heads, and help determine their institution’s academic goals and priorities, as well as how to allocate the resources necessary to support those initiatives. They often oversee daily operations and work to hire and retain a diverse faculty. 

4. School Superintendent

Average Annual Salary: $116,931

Superintendents are the top executives of a school district. They’re responsible for establishing and overseeing their district’s budget, staffing, infrastructure, and spending. Superintendents collaborate closely with a school board to develop and implement new policies and programs in line with the district’s short- and long-term goals, as well as allocate the financial and human resources necessary to achieve the district’s overarching vision.

5. Elementary, Middle, and High School Principal

Average Annual Salary: $95,310

Principals oversee the daily operations of an elementary, middle, or high school. They hire teachers and staff, manage the budget, and enforce disciplinary rules when necessary. Principals also develop and assess educational programming aimed at achieving student learning outcomes, all while striving to create and maintain a positive learning environment. More than 11,000 principal positions are expected to emerge by 2028, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics .

A principal’s salary might differ depending on whether he or she works at an elementary, middle, or high school. The mean wages for principals at each level, according to PayScale are:

• Elementary School : $81,095
• Middle School : $87,989
• High School : $92,197

6. Academic Dean

Average Annual Salary: $90,339  

Deans work at the senior administrative level of a college or university. The role varies depending on the institution, but deans often manage faculty and staff, set academic goals, implement strategic planning, oversee their department’s budget, help fundraise, support research initiatives, and foster student development. Some departments you might find them in are:

• Admissions : Those working in admissions develop and lead recruitment initiatives for a college or university. They evaluate applications, decide the number of students who should be admitted to the school, who those students should be, and communicate with prospects and their families.
• Research : A dean of research often oversees faculty and collaborates with them to create a strategy for developing short- and long-term research initiatives. They also work to secure research funding, oversee the research budget, and establish key industry partnerships.
• Student Affairs : The student affairs office typically oversees a variety of different departments, such as residence life, athletics, student support services, and diversity and inclusion. A dean of student affairs typically establishes and evaluates nonacademic programs that foster and enrich the student experience, as well as handle disciplinary issues and communicate with students’ parents or legal guardians.
• Advancement : The advancement office—also known as “development” or “alumni relations” depending on the school—is responsible for securing funding for the college or university from potential donors, including alumni, government policymakers, corporations, and foundations. They nurture and maintain those relationships, ensuring all gifts received are being used as intended.

7. Professor

Average Annual Salary: $78,470

Postsecondary teachers, or professors, work at the college or university level, developing course curricula, instructing students in a specific area of study, and assessing their progress. When they’re not teaching, professors are often conducting research, writing scholarly papers, or attending conferences.

Professors’ salaries vary based on where they are on the tenure track and their area of expertise. The median salary for a professor based on rank, according to PayScale, is:

• Instructor : $49,510
• Lecturer: $51,101
• Assistant Professor : $67,021
• Associate Professor : $76,250
• Professor : $87,018

Salaries range further depending on the professor’s focus. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , the top 10 highest-paying subjects—and what those subjects offer in terms of average annual wage—are:

• Law : $111,140
• Engineering : $101,720
• Economics : $101,720
• Health Specialties : $97,370
• Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Science : $90,860
• Physics : $90,800
• Architecture : $86,980
• Forestry and Conservation Science : $86,900
• Agricultural Sciences : $84,640
• Business : $83,960

8. Executive Director of Education

Average Annual Salary: $73,640

Executive directors are often the senior leaders of a nonprofit organization or business. They work closely with a board of directors but are the ones who make the daily operational decisions. Executive directors hire and manage staff, handle external relations, engage volunteers, oversee the budget—including all fundraising initiatives—and develop policies, programs, and strategies that guide the organization’s mission and purpose. 

What Can You Do with a Doctorate in Education from Northeastern?

When you earn your EdD from Northeastern , you’re not only advancing your own work, you’re joining a top-tier university and pursuing a rigorous education with an entrepreneurial orientation toward making our world a better place. You’re joining a vast network of students and alumni in the EdD, which spans more than 2,000 professionals across many domains of education. You’re gaining access to engaging faculty who understand the importance of professional experiences in a growing leadership capacity, and who are prepared to offer you personal attention to support your professional development.

With your EdD, you can make a difference in the lives of children, communities, and organizations, as you transform your problem of practice into a plan for change and action.

Editor’s note: This article was originally published in September of 2017. It has since been updated for accuracy and relevance. 

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The median annual salary for professional degree holders is $97,000. (BLS, 2020)

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Teach.com / Online Education / Education Degrees / Explore the Best Online EdD Programs for You / Is It Worth Getting a Doctorate in Education (EdD)?

Pursuing a doctorate degree can be a significant investment of time, energy and money. For all that it requires, is an EdD worth it?

Education doctorate (EdD) programs are for those passionate about improving institutions through teaching and learning. If you’re interested in leadership roles in educational institutions, government agencies, nonprofits or corporations, an EdD is worth considering.

Earn an Ed.D. from Vanderbilt University's Peabody College

Pursue an Ed.D. online from top-ranked Vanderbilt University Peabody College. Master degree or 30 credit hours of graduate-level study required. Build advanced leadership skills in as few as 3 years. 

• Become an influential leader in your organization  
• Part-time or full-time schedules available  
• Complete your Ed.D. in as little as three years 

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Earn your Ed.D. in Leadership for Organizations Online from the University of Dayton

Master holders, earn your Ed.D. in Leadership for Organizations online from the University of Dayton in as few as 3 years. 3.0+ GPA required to apply.

• Live, online classes
• Complete in 36 months
• No GRE required
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USC Rossier School of Education's online Doctor of Education (EdD) in Organizational Change and Leadership

Earn an EdD from USC Rossier School of Education; 3.0+ GPA required to apply. Designed for leaders with 6-10 years of experience. Accelerated track available.

• Master’s not required  
• Live online classes  
• Immersive curriculum  
• Drive innovation across industries 

What Is an EdD Degree?

An EdD degree prepares students for leadership roles at administrative levels. The curriculum generally focuses on providing students with the management, critical thinking and problem-solving skills they will need to impact the fields of K-12 and higher education in meaningful ways. The research skills developed and knowledge obtained focus on enabling graduates to fill roles as higher-education faculty members, educational leaders in senior positions, policymakers and specialized researchers. Prerequisites for a doctorate in education typically include graduate work along with some years of teaching or professional experience. EdD programs generally also require candidates to have a master’s degree (or at least a bachelor’s degree) and some may require satisfactory GRE scores.

So what does a Doctor of Education teach you and who gets a doctorate in education? Doctor of Education candidates will study subjects such as strategy development, quantitative research and data collection. Students can also expect to study qualitative and quantitative research methods. Because concentrations, coursework and curriculum delivery vary from institution to institution, it is important to explore the various doctorate in education programs available before you apply to any school. You may find that an  online Doctor of Education program  is the best fit for you.

4 Reasons to Pursue an Education Doctorate

While the reasons for getting a Doctor of Education can vary greatly, there are a few common ones among EdD candidates. Some of them include:

1. You Want a Leadership Role Within Your Organization

Doctorate of Education programs are designed to prepare students for educational leadership jobs in academic institutions, school districts, government agencies, charitable organizations and in the private sector. While there are EdD recipients who become teaching professors, some may not have academic ambitions. An EdD is a professional degree geared toward teaching students problem-solving skills that will help them meet the challenges that educational leaders face today.

2. You Want to Work in K-12 Schools or as Part of a College or University Administration

Professionals with doctorates in education often work for school systems as principals, vice principals, program directors, academic advisors,  superintendents  and deans. EdD specializations and concentrations offer students a chance to hone in on areas such as K-12 education, early childhood education, higher education, school leadership and classroom leadership. Because administrators and educators today face growing challenges to improve learning experiences and make their institutions the best they can be for students, earning an EdD may be a worthwhile endeavor for these professionals. That is because these doctoral programs focus on preparing school and district leaders to solve complex problems and initiate innovative solutions.

3. You Like Problem-Solving Modern Technological Challenges in Education

Today’s educators and students are facing ever-changing educational environments, including on the  technological front. In the classroom and online, technologies are emerging to help facilitate learning and improve operations. School administrators and education leaders help manage and oversee education technology from the selection of what programs and hardware to invest in to the systems that keep students, faculty and data safe and secure online.  Emerging educational technologies have helped modernize the U.S. education system, allowing for a more personalized learning environment for students.

Some graduate schools offer educational technology concentration options in their education doctoral programs. Such programs focus on software and hardware development, implementation and applications to facilitate and enrich the learning experience.

4. You Prefer Practical Applications Over Philosophical Doctoral Coursework

If pondering about abstract concepts is not your preferred learning experience, then a Doctor of Education may be a fit for you. While studies do typically include some critical examination of theoretical constructs, EdD students (unlike their PhD counterparts) are more focused on practical coursework geared toward finding solutions that can be applied in the moment within their organizations. Because practitioner-based EdD coursework and research are emphasized, program instructors have usually spent time working in the fields that they are teaching about.

Benefits of a Doctor of Education

Still wondering to yourself, “Why should I get my EdD?” There are some salient ways in which the degree may benefit you depending on your career goals. For example, an EdD may help you develop the skills and knowledge you need to:

• Become a leader in your organization or institution.  A number of education leadership positions require a master’s degree, but jobs like provosts and deans often may require a Doctorate of Education or PhD.
• Be a positive agent of change within an educational system or school district.  With an EdD, you can develop skills for advancing learning, transforming curriculum and addressing systems that are underperforming, so that students and faculty are better served.
• Improve your ability to craft strategies that advance organizational change within an industry, corporation, nonprofit, community or other non-educational institution.  An EdD with a concentration in organizational leadership focuses on high-level management, culture, learning, communications, systems, strategy and other foundations of organizational change.
• Improve your earning potential with an EdD degree.  There is no guarantee that an EdD will lead to an increase in salary, however,  the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) found that average earnings are generally higher for individuals with an advanced degree than for those whose highest degree is a bachelor’s.

What Jobs Can You Pursue with a Doctorate in Education?

There are many types of Doctorate of Education careers to consider. Some are found in educational institutions and others in government agencies, nonprofit organizations and private businesses. Some common career paths include:

• School Superintendent
• School Principal (elementary, middle school, or high school)
• Curriculum Director
• Instructional Coordinator
• Chief Learning Officer
• Education Administrator (College or University President, Dean, Provost, Registrar)
• Training and Development Manager
• Human Resources Director
• Nonprofit Director
• Education Technology Specialist
• Education Lobbyist (also Policy Maker)

But can you teach at a university with an EdD? Yes, you can. While PhD recipients commonly teach at the college and university level, there are professors who hold EdDs as well. Both the PhD and EdD programs require rigorous research, but since the PhD tends to have a greater focus in this area, it is generally a preferred choice for those looking to teach.

Financial Return on Investment of an EdD Program

The ROI for an education doctorate depends on many variables, such as the type and size of institution, years of experience and geographic location. As mentioned, it is never a given that a doctorate will result in higher wages. However, a U.S. Census study featured in an  Urban Institute report [PDF, 2.1 MB]  examined the average earnings of individuals aged 35-44 years old holding various levels of degrees in 2015 and found that they were significantly higher for individuals with an advanced degree than for those whose highest degree is a bachelor’s. The average earnings for those with master’s degrees were 23% higher than those with bachelor’s degrees, and the average earnings premium for doctoral degree recipients was 63% higher than those with bachelor’s degrees.

How Much Could a Doctorate Increase Your Salary on Average?

Salary expectations with a Doctor of Education can be hard to determine for specific jobs, but the salary outlook for EdD careers in general appears to be steady. While the BLS does not record EdD holders’ salary data separate from non-EdD holders, one common occupation for those known to enroll in doctor of education programs is the postsecondary education administrator. For that job,  the highest 10% earned more than $199,400, while the median annual salary was $97,500 . Below is a sample of top 10% earners vs median annual salaries for other common EdD jobs for comparison.

• Elementary, Middle School, or High School Principal Jobs  – $152,500 vs. $98,490
• Training and Development Manager Jobs  – $200,210 vs. $115,640
• Instructional Coordinator Jobs  – $105,650 vs. $66,970

The median annual salaries above are derived from the  BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook  as of December 2, 2020.

Is an EdD Degree Worth It: FAQs

When trying to decide whether to get an EdD degree or not, candidates often have questions about the programs they are considering applying to. Some frequently asked questions are below.

Both degrees are prestigious achievements for postgraduate students in education. The more important question to ask when deciding between PhD vs EdD degrees is really which degree best fits your interests and career goals. PhD programs are geared to prepare graduates for careers in academia while EdD programs are designed to prepare graduates for leadership roles in school administrations, academic institutions and in related fields. Before you decide which doctorate program is right for you, learn more about the differences between  EdD vs PhD programs .

There may be some EdD programs that do not require you to first get your master’s degree. However, in most cases, prerequisites for a doctorate in education include a master’s degree from an accredited college or university, some years of classroom teaching and/or relevant leadership work and a minimum GPA. Requirements and coursework will vary from program to program. You will need to contact individual schools to find out what specific doctorate of education program requirements they have.

Once you have decided that an EdD is for you, you might be wondering, “How long does it take to obtain a Doctor of Education?” Generally speaking, it takes students about three to four years to earn a doctorate of education. Some curricula are weekend-based to accommodate working professionals. Online EdD programs can sometimes be completed in as little as 32 months and provide flexibility for busy working students. Often, school years are divided into summer, fall and spring semesters.

A Doctor of Education is just one advanced degree choice. If you’re more interested in  teaching degrees , a PhD in education might be a better fit, or perhaps a master’s degree. There are programs specialized for individuals who want to pursue roles like school counselor, ESL teacher and school social worker. And you can also find programs that are available online. Additional degrees you can explore include: • Master of Teaching (MAT) • Master of Arts in Teaching – Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) • Master’s in Education (MEd) • Master’s in Library Science (MLS) • Master’s in School Counseling • Master’s in Social Work (MSW)

So is it worth getting a doctorate in education? Ultimately, the answer is based on your personal and professional goals, situation and interests. An EdD may benefit those who want to become leaders in education and who are dedicated to improving and elevating educational outcomes and experiences.

Last Updated April 2021

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Thinking of Pursuing a PhD in Economics? Info on Graduate School and Beyond

Kasey Chatterji-Len and Anna Kovner

Becoming a PhD economist can provide a fulfilling and financially secure career path. However, getting started in the field can be daunting if you don’t know much about the preparation you’ll need and the available job opportunities. If you’re wondering what it means to be an economics researcher or how to become one, please read on. We’ll review how to prepare for a career in economics research, what an economics PhD program entails, and what types of opportunities it might bring. Economic education is a core component of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s mission to serve the community. To empower would-be economists, this post provides information for students who seek a career in economics research. We hope this information will be helpful to students interested in economics, regardless of their background and economic situation.  This information is most applicable to students applying to programs in the United States.  

The Breadth of Economics Research  

Academic disciplines conduct research in different ways, so it’s important to have a basic understanding of the types of questions economists ask and how they approach answering them. There are many definitions of economics, but a broadly useful one is the study of how people, organizations, and governments make decisions under different constraints, and how those decisions may affect their outcomes. 

When answering these questions, economists seek to ground their analyses in models and to be quantitatively precise about the effects they assign to any given cause. The range of topics economists can study is wide, but the accepted approaches to answering questions are stricter. Some examples of what economists might ask: 

• How do different public housing programs affect the children who live there? 
• Does a certain type of law encourage businesses to innovate? 
• How will a change in the interest rate affect inflation and unemployment rates? 
• How much does affordable health insurance improve people’s health? 
• How can poor countries eradicate poverty? 

There are many different subfields within economics, including, but not limited to behavioral, econometrics, energy/environmental, development, financial, international, monetary, public, and urban economics. You can familiarize yourself with the latest work in economics by subscribing to working paper series, such as NBER’s New This Week or the New York Fed’s Staff Reports . To get an idea of the breadth of questions economists can answer, you could listen to Stephen Dubner’s “ Freakonomics Radio ” podcast. You may also want to explore the Journal of Economic Perspectives , the New York Fed’s Liberty Street Economics blog, VoxDev , or VoxEU .  

What Is a PhD Program Like?    

Economics PhD programs typically last five to seven years. Unlike masters programs, they are often fully funded with a stipend, though most require students to complete teaching assistant and/or research assistant (RA) work as part of their funding package. In the first two years, students take classes, many of which are mathematically demanding. The rest of the program can include additional classes but is primarily devoted to original research with the aim of producing publishable papers that will constitute the dissertation.  

Faculty advisors are a central part of PhD programs, as students look to them for guidance during the research process. Economics PhD programs are offered within university economics departments, but there are similar programs in public policy and business schools. You can look at their websites to understand any differences in coursework and subsequent job placements. 

What Can You Do with an Economics PhD?  

Upon graduation, students can obtain jobs in a variety of industries. Many PhD students hope to become university professors. Governments and public policy-related institutions such as the Federal Reserve System, the U.S. federal government, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) also hire economists to work on policy, lead programs, and conduct research. Finally, economics PhD graduates can also find employment at a variety of private sector companies, including banks, economic consulting firms, and big tech companies. The pay for these different positions can vary. According to the American Economics Association (AEA), the average starting salary for economics assistant professors in 2022-23 was approximately $140,000 at PhD granting institutions and $98,000 at BA granting institutions. 

Programs often publish the placements of their PhD graduates, so you can look online to see specific employment outcomes. See, for example, the University of Maryland’s placements . Ultimately, economists are highly regarded as authorities on a variety of topics. Governments, nonprofits, philanthropic foundations, financial institutions, and non-financial businesses all look to economists to answer important questions about how to best achieve their goals. Thus, earning an economics Ph.D. can potentially help you to influence issues that are important to you. 

Preparing for an Economics PhD Program  

There are several components to an economics PhD program application: college transcripts, GRE scores, letters of recommendation, and personal statements. Please download the Appendix linked below to learn more about transcripts and letters of recommendation. The Appendix details ways in which you can select coursework, obtain research experience, and develop relationships to position yourself for success as a PhD applicant.  

If you feel that you are too far along in your academic career to take enough of the classes described in the Appendix, this does not necessarily preclude you from pursuing an economics PhD. For example, it’s possible to take some of these classes through a master’s program, or through a pre-doctoral RA job. Some pre-doctoral RA jobs, such as the one here at the New York Fed , may enable you to take classes in preparation for graduate school. If you are concerned about your transcript, reach out to an economist at your university for advice; program standards for coursework and grades vary, and it’s a good idea to get more personalized advice. 

Research Experience   

If you’re interested in becoming an economics researcher and applying to PhD programs, it’s best to get research experience as soon as possible. Working as an RA is a great way to learn how to conduct research and get a better idea of whether it’s the right career path for you. Additionally, it can help you obtain a letter of recommendation for graduate school applications and improve your qualifications.  

All types of academic research can be enriching, but it’s beneficial to gain experience working directly with an economist. To find a position, you can reach out to professors whose work you find interesting or find an RA program at your school. Typical RA tasks may involve data collection and cleaning, as well as running analyses and creating charts to represent results. This is where coding skills become crucial; having taken math, statistics, and econometrics courses will also enable you to take on more responsibilities. 

You may also have the opportunity to conduct your own research, possibly under the supervision of a professor at your university. This research could be self-initiated or part of a course such as a thesis workshop. Self-directed research is a great opportunity to learn about all stages of the research process. It’s also an excellent opportunity to create a writing sample for graduate school applications. Ultimately, though, your motivation for conducting your own research project should be that you want to answer a question.  One thing economists have in common is a love of answering questions using data and theory. 

Research experience is also often obtained after completing an undergraduate or master’s degree. Taking on a full-time RA position before applying to PhD programs is very common and can make you a more competitive applicant. You may either get an RA job working for a professor or participate in a pre-doctoral RA program.  

Research assistant programs are more structured than positions with individual professors or projects, which could be helpful. Universities, parts of the government, think tanks, research organizations, and the Federal Reserve System are all good places to look for research assistant programs. To help you decide which opportunities are most desirable, you may want to ask potential employers : Where do people in this program tend to go afterward? Will I be working directly with an economist? How much of my time will be spent on academic research work? Will I be able to take classes as part of this program? Considering whether an economist will be able to evaluate your performance is an important factor for recommendation letters. The ability to take classes, either through tuition reimbursement or waivers, can also be an important benefit. 

The Research Analyst program here at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is one example of these programs and you should check it out here . The Federal Reserve Board of Governors also has a large program, and many other regional Federal Reserve Banks have similar programs. In addition, the PREDOC website and the  NBER post listings of RA opportunities. J-PAL and IPA also tend to recruit RAs for economic development projects. Another source of RA opportunities is the @econ_ra account on X. 

Who Should Get a PhD in Economics?  

A PhD may not be for everyone, but it is for anyone—people of all genders, religions, ethnicities, races, and national origins have PhDs in economics. Many economists majored in economics, but others majored in math, physics, or chemistry. Because economics is such an integral part of policymaking, it is important that economists come from a wide range of backgrounds so policy can be stronger and more effective. The inclusion of differing perspectives helps ensure that the contribution of economists to work in public policy, academia, and beyond effectively serves the broadest range of society. 

• Coursework Appendix

Kasey Chatterji-Len is a research analyst in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Research and Statistics Group.

Anna Kovner  is the director of Financial Stability Policy Research in the Bank’s Research and Statistics Group.

How to cite this post: Kasey Chatterji-Len and Anna Kovner, “Thinking of Pursuing a PhD in Economics? Info on Graduate School and Beyond,” Federal Reserve Bank of New York Liberty Street Economics , May 31, 2024, https://libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2024/05/thinking-of-pursuing-a-phd-in-economics-info-on-graduate-school-and-beyond/.

You may also be interested in: AEA: Resources for Students

PREDOC: Guidance for Undergraduates

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Disclaimer The views expressed in this post are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the author(s).

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