free sample of poultry farm business plan

Poultry Farm Business Plan Template

Written by Dave Lavinsky

Poultry Farm Business Plan

You’ve come to the right place to create your Poultry Farm business plan.

We have helped over 1,000 entrepreneurs and business owners create business plans and many have used them to start or grow their Poultry Farms.

Below is a template to help you create each section of your Poultry Farming business plan.

Executive Summary

Business overview.

Smith Poultry Farm is a new farm business located in Mason City, Iowa. The business is a newly established farm founded by John and Sue Smith. As native Iowans, the couple has spent their life in the farming industry as their families have established farms throughout Iowa. Currently, there is a poultry shortage throughout the midwestern United States as some farms have been forced to shut down their business due to rising costs, labor shortage, and higher technology standards. John and Sue have decided to take this opportunity to alleviate the poultry shortage as well as finally establish the farm they have been planning to do for the past six years.

As native Iowans, John and Sue have already recruited a team of farmhands that have extensive experience working in poultry farms. Most of them have been recently laid off from other poultry farms that have shut down their operations.

John and Sue plan on starting with 5,000 chickens, 500 turkeys, and 100 ducks on 10 acres of land. Their business operations will be centered around daily processes and procedures to tend to the chickens and prepare them for packaging for resale and distribution.

Product Offering

The following are the products that Smith Poultry Farm will provide:

• Chicken for consumption
• Turkey for consumption
• Ducks for consumption

Customer Focus

Smith Poultry Farm will target all residents residing in northern Iowa and throughout the state. They will target families, individuals, supermarkets, large retail chains, and restaurants.

Management Team

Smith Poultry Farm will be owned and operated by John and Sue Smith. They will recruit a very experienced and knowledgeable operator to manage the day-to-day operations of the poultry farm.

John Smith was born and raised on a local farm and has been working in farms most of his life. He left to pursue his agriculture degree from Iowa State and returned to work full-time at his father’s large farm. That farm produces beef, poultry, pork, and vegetables. Once he married Sue, the couple decided that they would begin to save up to pursue a farm of their own.

Sue Smith was raised on a farm as well. Once she graduated from high school, she attended Iowa State to pursue a degree in Business Administration. It was there where she met John and planned for their future farm where he would manage the farm operations and she would be in charge of the financial management and administration of the poultry farm operations.

Success Factors

Smith Poultry Farm will be able to achieve success by offering the following competitive advantages:

• Ownership has extensive experience and knowledge in the poultry farming industry.
• Owners will invest in the latest technology and equipment to make their poultry farm the most superior in the Midwest.
• Smith Poultry Farm will breed high quality chickens, turkeys, and ducks in order to produce the freshest and quality poultry.

Financial Highlights

Smith Poultry Farm is seeking $500,000 in debt financing to launch its property management business. The funding will be dedicated towards securing the farm land and purchasing the necessary equipment and supplies. Funding will also be dedicated towards three months of overhead costs to include payroll of the staff, mortgage, and marketing costs for the poultry farm. The breakout of the funding is below:

• Purchase 10 acres of farmland: $100,000
• Farm equipment, supplies, and materials: $100,000
• Three months of overhead expenses (payroll, rent, utilities): $150,000
• Marketing costs: $50,000
• Working capital: $100,000

The following graph below outlines the pro forma financial projections for Smith Poultry Farm.

Company Overview

Who is Smith Poultry Farm?

Smith Poultry Farm is a new poultry farm business located in Mason City, Iowa. The business is a newly established poultry farm founded by John and Sue Smith. As native Iowans, the couple has spent their life in the farming industry as their families have established farms throughout Iowa. Currently, there is a poultry shortage throughout the midwestern United States as some farms have been forced to shut down their business due to rising costs, labor shortage, and higher technology standards. Growing up in the farming industry, John and Sue have decided to take this opportunity to alleviate the poultry shortage as well as finally establish the farm they have been planning to do for the past six years. The couple plans to raise chickens, turkeys, and ducks to produce poultry for food consumption as well as eggs. Once the business is established, the couple will add more birds to the farm and purchase additional land.

As native Iowans, John and Sue have already recruited a team of farmhands that have extensive experience working in poultry farms. Most of them have been recently laid off from other poultry farms that have shut down their operations. John and Sue have already identified the lead farmhand who will assist John in the day to day farm operations oversight.

Smith Poultry Farm History Smith Poultry Farm is owned and operated by John and Sue Smith, Iowa natives who have extensive experience in farm operations and business administration. John has worked for his father’s large farm for most of his life and wants to finally pursue his own poultry farm since a number of poultry farms have ceased operations due to increased labor and distribution costs. John has already pursued a number of local grocery stores, large retail stores, and restaurants to have contracts to be their sole poultry distributor.

Since incorporation, Smith Poultry Farm has achieved the following milestones:

• Registered Smith Poultry Farm, LLC to transact business in the state of Iowa.
• Has 6 contracts in place to provide poultry for local restaurants, grocery stores, and large retail chains.
• Reached out to numerous individuals and households to purchase their household’s poultry directly from Smith Poultry Farm.
• Began recruiting a staff of farmhands to assist in the day to day operations of the poultry farm.

Smith Poultry Farm Products

The following will be the products Smith Poultry Farm will provide:

Industry Analysis

Customer analysis, demographic profile of target market.

Smith Poultry Farm will target all residents of  Mason City and the surrounding states. The target market will consist of households, grocery stores, restaurants, and large retail chains.

The precise demographics for Mason City, Iowa are:

• 503,642 residents
• 310,000 households
• 1,000 restaurants
• 500 grocery stores
• 6 large retail grocery stores

Customer Segmentation

Smith Poultry Farm will primarily target the following customer profiles:

• Individuals and households
• Grocery Stores
• Restaurants
• Large Grocery Chains

Competitive Analysis

Direct and indirect competitors.

Smith Poultry Farm will face competition from other companies with similar business profiles. A description of each competitor company is below.

Myson Poultry Farm

Myson Poultry Farm is a modern, multi-national, protein-focused food company that produces approximately 20% of the beef, pork, and chicken in the United States. Along with its subsidiaries, the company operates a food company worldwide. The company began during the Great Depression when the eldest Myson began selling chickens. A few decades later, Myson’s son grew it into the large company it is today and is one of the largest poultry producers and distributors in the world.

By investing in technology, Myson was able to grow the brand. Through the development of better feeds and better disease control methods, chickens were maturing more quickly. These improvements, combined with increased competition, meant lower prices for consumers and households were able to purchase their poultry products in larger quantities.

Iowa Poultry Farm

Iowa Poultry Farms started in the 1920s when Liam Nelson sold and traded eggs by the dozen as a means to put food on the table for his family. Four generations later, the Nelson family has grown the business year-over-year to continue to meet the changing needs of the egg and pullet industry. More than 90 years of experience has established Iowa Poultry Farm as a well-respected pullet and hatching business as well as a reliant commercial egg producer under the current leadership.

The strength of Iowa Poultry Farm began when master plans for growth from the late 1980s to present day have produced new and improved pullet production facilities that have the capacity to accommodate the growth of the majority of the pullets in NPF’s proprietary facilities. Recent capital development has been invested in hatchery and breeder facilities that have the capacity to produce up to 9 million female chicks per year as well as supplementary aviary growing facilities for both cage-free and floor-grown conventional pullets.

Iowa Poultry Farm continues to innovate as a pullet and hatching business under the leadership of Frank and his son, Brett.

Good Cluck Poultry Farm

Good Cluck Poultry Farm maintains more than 50,000 breeders on its company owned farms. The company currently hatches and sells 79 standard chicken breeds/varieties, 58 breeds/varieties of bantams, 9 breeds of ducks, 3 breeds of geese, and 4 breeds/varieties of guineas. In addition, Good Cluck has available, as a service to its customers, 9 heritage breeds of turkeys, pheasants, and chukar.

Good Cluck certainly has good luck. While many hatcheries have been forced to close, Good Cluck Poultry Farm has become a leader in producing non-commercial poultry annually, selling more than six million items of baby poultry.

Good Cluck’s full list of products are white egg layers, brown egg layers, colored egg layers, standard assortments, broilers, crested chickens, feather legged bantams, bantam assortments, clean leg bantams, ducks, geese, guineas, turkeys, pheasants, chukar, and supplies.

Competitive Advantage

Smith Poultry Farm will be able to offer the following advantages over their competition:

• Ownership has extensive experience and knowledge in the poultry farming industry and has over 20 years of experience managing poultry farm operations
• Smith Poultry Farm will breed high quality chickens, ducks, and turkeys in order to produce the freshest and quality poultry.

Marketing Plan

Brand & value proposition.

Smith Poultry Farm will offer the unique value proposition to its clientele:

• All farming practices will utilize the latest technology and equipment for safe breeding practices, production, and distribution of all farm animals.
• The farm will only breed the highest quality poultry.
• Unbeatable pricing to its clients and customers – Smith Poultry Farm does not mark up its poultry products at a large percentage. All poultry will be on par with competition.

Promotions Strategy

The promotions strategy for Smith Poultry Farm is as follows:

Word of Mouth/Referrals

John Smith has built up an extensive list of contacts over the years by living and working in the midwestern farming industry. Since a number of local poultry farms have ceased operations, they have committed to John that Smith Poultry Farm will be their poultry supplier. They trust his work ethic and commitment to the local community.

Professional Associations and Networking

Smith Poultry Farm will become a member of American Farmland Trust, Farming NGO, National Farmers Union, and the Iowa Chamber of Commerce. They will focus their networking efforts on expanding their client network and marketing their new brand.

Print Advertising

Smith Poultry Farm will invest in professionally designed print ads to display in programs or flyers at industry networking events.

Website/SEO Marketing

Smith Poultry Farm will hire a third-party marketing company to design their print ads and design their website. The website will be well organized, informative, and list all the poultry products they plan to offer. The website will also list their contact information and directions to the poultry farm. The marketing company will also include SEO tactics so that anytime someone types in the Google or Bing search engine “Iowa poultry farm” or “poultry farm near me”, Smith Poultry Farm will be listed at the top of the search results.

Zero po, hindi rin po kami mahilig malabas ng mga panood.

The pricing of Smith Poultry Farm will be moderate and on par with competitors so customers feel they receive value when purchasing their poultry products.

Operations Plan

The following will be the operations plan for Smith Poultry Farm.

Operation Functions:

• John Smith will be the Owner and President of the company. He will oversee all staff and manage client relations. John, along with Sue, has spent the past year recruiting the following staff:
• Sue Smith – will oversee all administrative aspects of running the poultry farm. This will include bookkeeping, tax payments, and payroll of the staff.
• George Hargrove – Head Farmhand who will oversee the farming staff and day to day operations.
• Ben Loya – Assistant Farmhand who will assist George.
• Frank Johnson – Distribution Manager who will oversee the packaging and distribution of all poultry products.

Milestones:

Smith Poultry Farm will have the following milestones complete in the next six months.

1/1/202X – Finalize purchase of farm land

2/15/202X – Purchase farm equipment, supplies and materials

3/1/202X – Finalize contracts for grocery store, chain, and restaurant clients

4/15/202X – Begin networking at industry events

5/1/202X – Purchase initial set of poultry animals

5/15/202X – Hire and train farm staff

6/1/202X – Smith Poultry Farm begins farm operations

Smith Poultry Farm will be owned and operated by John and Sue Smith. John will manage the oversight of all farm operations with the help of his lead farmhand. Sue will manage all administrative and financial aspects of the farm business.

Financial Plan

Key revenue & costs.

The revenue drivers for Smith Poultry Farm are the revenues it will receive from poultry products, eggs, and the breeding fees they will charge to individuals who have high-quality chicken, turkeys, or ducks they want to breed.

The cost drivers will be the overhead costs required in order to staff and maintain successful farm operations. The expenses will be the payroll cost, mortgage payment, utilities, farming supplies, equipment maintenance, and marketing materials.

Funding Requirements and Use of Funds

Smith Poultry Farm is $500,000 in debt financing to launch its property management business. The funding will be dedicated towards securing the farm land and purchasing the necessary equipment and supplies. Funding will also be dedicated towards three months of overhead costs to include payroll of the staff, mortgage, and marketing costs for the poultry farm. The breakout of the funding is below:

Key Assumptions

The following outlines the key assumptions required in order to achieve the revenue and cost numbers in the financials and in order to pay off the startup business loan.

• Number of Poultry Animals: 5,600
• Average Revenue per Animal: $20
• Number of Poultry Products Sold Per Year: 1,000,000

Financial Projections

Income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, poultry farm business plan faqs, what is a poultry farm business plan.

A poultry farm business plan is a plan to start and/or grow your poultry farm business. Among other things, it outlines your business concept, identifies your target customers, presents your marketing plan and details your financial projections.

You can easily complete your poultry farm business plan using our Poultry Farm Business Plan Template here .

What are the Main Types of Poultry Farms?

There are a number of different kinds of poultry farms , some examples include: Breeder Farms, Broiler Farms, and Pullet Farms.

How Do You Get Funding for Your Poultry Business Plan?

Poultry farms are often funded through small business loans. Personal savings, credit card financing and angel investors are also popular forms of funding.  Having a chicken farming business plan will help show investors you are well-prepared to start your own business.

What are the Steps To Start a Poultry Farm Business?

Starting a poultry farm business can be an exciting endeavor. Having a clear roadmap of the steps to start a business will help you stay focused on your goals and get started faster.

1. Develop A Poultry Farm Business Plan - The first step in starting a business is to create a detailed poultry business plan that outlines all aspects of the venture. This should include potential market size and target customers, the services or products you will offer, pricing strategies and a detailed financial forecast.  

2. Choose Your Legal Structure - It's important to select an appropriate legal entity for your poultry farm business. This could be a limited liability company (LLC), corporation, partnership, or sole proprietorship. Each type has its own benefits and drawbacks so it’s important to do research and choose wisely so that your poultry farm business is in compliance with local laws.

3. Register Your Poultry Farm Business - Once you have chosen a legal structure, the next step is to register your poultry farm business with the government or state where you’re operating from. This includes obtaining licenses and permits as required by federal, state, and local laws. 

4. Identify Financing Options - It’s likely that you’ll need some capital to start your poultry farm business, so take some time to identify what financing options are available such as bank loans, investor funding, grants, or crowdfunding platforms. 

5. Choose a Location - Whether you plan on operating out of a physical location or not, you should always have an idea of where you’ll be based should it become necessary in the future as well as what kind of space would be suitable for your operations. 

6. Hire Employees - There are several ways to find qualified employees including job boards like LinkedIn or Indeed as well as hiring agencies if needed – depending on what type of employees you need it might also be more effective to reach out directly through networking events. 

7. Acquire Necessary Poultry Farm Equipment & Supplies - In order to start your poultry farm business, you'll need to purchase all of the necessary equipment and supplies to run a successful operation. 

8. Market & Promote Your Business - Once you have all the necessary pieces in place, it’s time to start promoting and marketing your poultry farm business. This includes creating a website, utilizing social media platforms like Facebook or Twitter, and having an effective Search Engine Optimization (SEO) strategy. You should also consider traditional marketing techniques such as radio or print advertising. 

Learn more about how to start a successful poultry farm business:

• How to Start a Farm Business

Additional Helpful Template

Farm Business Plan

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The Big Book Project

Agribusiness Training & Startup Tools

Poultry Business Blueprint: How to Plan, Launch, and Grow a Profitable Poultry Farm

Last updated on November 15, 2021 by Temi Cole 1 Comment

I’m about to share with you my 15-point blueprint for writing a winning poultry farming business plan.

(Step-by-step.)

The best part?

You’re going to get linked to LOTS of business planning resources including real-life case studies within these steps.

Let’s take a look together…

• Step #1: Get ‘The Most Complete’ Poultry Farming Business Plan Template
• Step #2: Download “The Poultry Farm Business Plan Analysis Playbook”

Step #3: Download Poultry Plan It (eBook)

Step #4: download poultry project reporter 2.0 – insider’s guide, step #5: download sample poultry plan data, step #6: use business management templates (keep sheet).

• Step #7: Download Business Records for Poultry Keepers eBook (USDA Bulletin 1614)

Step #8: Subscribe To Poultry Project Reporter 2.0 (Fill-In-The-Gap PDF Builder) Software

Step #9: download zero debt: poultry farming business plan (2021) pdf ebook, step #10: download grow agribusiness faster classes, step #11: download poultry project hub pdf ebook, step #12: take the poultry farmer’s business quiz, step #13: download poultry project planning toolkit ebook v.1, step #14: download poultry business start-up: recommended digital tools of the trade, step #15: get a 1-to-1 poultry farming business planning review, step #1: get the best poultry farming business plan template.

A poultry farming business plan template is usually the no.1 request I get asked for as the author of The Big Book Project.

Emails like this are a good example:

Up until now, it’s been an obvious MISS as part of The Big Book Project…

…ready-made business planning consultancy for the beginner.

I always had it in mind to plug in the gap.

It’s in me to do.

With the experience of 10+ years serving start-up entrepreneurs with strategic business planning consultancy…there are countless benefits to offer here.

However, I didn’t want to rush.

I wanted the solution I delivered to ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. And be handed over in a way that is:

Write Your Poultry Business Plan - in Just 90 Mins!

Poultry Project Reporter 2.0 - fastest way to write your project report online.

• self-explanatory
• self-driven

…the more flexible, yet comprehensive the planning materials are – the easier they will be to use and act on.

( And business does come down to action at the last .)

The Ultimate Poultry Farming Business Planning Template

My first step was to construct what I consider to be the most complete poultry farming business plan template possible.

The kind of thing that covers both bases of:

• helping to provide clarity to your thoughts for rolling out a successful poultry business launch
• communicating an attractive proposal to potential stakeholders and investors

Pouring in over 50,000+ hours of strategic business consulting experience which spans:

• global best practice insights and technology
• corporate currency exchange
• project management
• financial advisor and stockbroker
• freelance business management advisor

…I decided upon the following outline template:

Executive Summary

What is the business?

Why is it needed?

How will it deliver?

What are the financial rewards of investment?

Industry Analysis

Industry snapshot

SWOT & PESTLE (situational) analysis

Competitive forces

Vision & Mission Statement

Key function

Aspect of life

Product type

Scope and audience

Principles & promise

Feel good and standards

Poultry farm slogan

Competitive Analysis

Products and services

Marketing and sales

Key strengths

Marketing Strategy

Physical evidence

Leadership team

Professional profile

Financial Plan

Profit and loss

Balance sheet

Labour budget

Key performance indicators (KPIs)

It’s 38-parts that together spell out every critical element of poultry business success.

You simply won’t find a more comprehensive effort to fully load a poultry farming business plan with ALL ESSENTIAL INGREDIENTS.

Want a breakdown of what each part really contains?

That’s EXACTLY what’s up next…

Step #2: Download The Poultry Farm Business Plan Analysis Playbook

As shared above, I’ve taken the time to draft what I am absolutely certain is THE market leading poultry farming business plan template – FULL STOP.

It’s got it all.

But what about the detail? And how should it be used?

Business planning analysis: the KEY to using my business plan template – like a PRO

Like so many business planning template solutions out there like bPlans, for example, they do a good job of setting a solid format, BUT…

…where they FALL SHORT is in giving you some real-life examples of how to APPLY the template .

In other words,

Most business planning tools out there don’t give you examples of how real poultry businesses measure up with the tool.

And because of this, those other planning tools leave you GUESSING what to do with it.

So you end up using it as a first-time pupil uses an exercise book:

Unskillfully and regrettably (“…don’t want to go back there again if I can help it…”).

When actually, what you NEED is a dynamic, “can’t put it down”, interactive ACTION plan – with bite.

…this is the reason I wrote this series of poultry farming business planning analyses.

Here’s what my business plan analysis will do for you…

To take all the guesswork and wandering out of planning your poultry business.

And to show you EXACTLY HOW a real-life poultry start-up success story marries up with my winning business planning formula…

…giving expert insight into how BEST to use the template to plan your own success.

The result?

(Way much better than just templates or homework…)

Step-by-step,   proven insights of what REALLY works and why in every step of writing your own poultry business plan.

= 1st rate consultancy & on-the-shoulder advice – at your own pace ( & at only a fraction of the price ).

You can access The Poultry Farming Business Plan Analysis Playbook here (Downloadable PDF version is available to paid subscribers )

So, why is an eBook the IDEAL partner to helping your write your poultry farming business plan?

(I’m glad you asked!)

Poultry Plan It: the blueprint to winning investment for your poultry business

Rather than present you with empty template boxes to fill out (which – let’s face it – offers zero value, both to you and potential investors)…

…instead,

My eBook called, Poultry Plan It – shows you EXACTLY how to:

• skillfully deliver and
• expertly pitch

…your poultry business plan to achieve 1 thing:

To Win Investment .

(Simple. My eBook “Poultry Plan It” shows you how to get investors to take your poultry business seriously .)

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Chicken Snippets Newsletter - deep poultry analysis to sharpen your acumen, by email.

Does this eBook sound like what you need?

Try the first chapter called “ Poultry Plan It: Executive Summary ” right here .

Want to unlock the whole eBook as PDF download?

Become a paid subscriber and get “ Poultry Plan It ” by instant PDF download .

Have you ever wanted to see:

…how the financial PROs estimate future poultry investment returns?

…which poultry production models generate the most profit?

(I mean REALLY SEE?)

Then the Poultry Project Reporter 2.0: Insider’s Guide was written just for you.

Poultry Project Reporter 2.0 – Insider’s Guide: the ‘grain-by-grain’ financial analysis EVERY poultry business plan needs

I wrote the Poultry Project Reporter 2.0 – Insider’s Guide for two pressing reasons:

• …to plug in the gap of a general lack of ‘detailed, long hand’ financial poultry business calculations available online to help with planning profits.
• …a ‘case study based’ user guide for license holders of my proprietary software ‘Poultry Project Reporter’ – to find out ALL the inside hints and tips for producing rock solid financial projections.

Here’s a quick snippet of the level of breakdown I provide:

…literally, grain-by-grain, high precision detail.

BUT at the same time super simple to follow.

(With lots of visual content to really help you ‘get the picture’.)

Want to hear it from a reader?

This feedback email was sent by a start-up poultry farmer.

He emailed me within minutes of receiving a mailshot of a FREE chapter from the Insider’s Guide.

So what’s actually ‘ inside ‘ the Poultry Project Reporter 2.0 – Insider’s Guide?

A great question.

Here’s what you get:

Totally comprehensive and also a great handbook to accompany my proprietary software Poultry Project Reporter 2.0 .

Want to grab a copy of the PPR 2.0: Insider’s Guide?

Become a paid subscriber today and instantly get the inside track on financial planning for your poultry farm business.

Have a read of this:

…and there are many more requests like this in my inbox.

It seems when it comes to business planning help, poultry farmers and professionals alike are interested in scanning sample data too.

( Not just templates )

Sample papers: a GREAT way for self-assessing if your business plan is up to scratch

If you ask me, examples are without doubt the BEST way to learn.

Whenever I’m looking to work out a business model I always look for working models that already exist.

Never contrived or manufactured formulas.

As an adult, I don’t like to be spoon-fed. I learn best when I’m left a little room to figure things out myself.

Let’s take it back to class…

…why are past exam papers and examiner notes such a popular revision method?

SELF-ASSESSMENT.

(i.e. finding out for yourself how you measure up against standard.)

My preferred method of advanced learning.

And I don’t think I am alone in this.

This is exactly why I put together these sample poultry farming data plans – both layer and broiler models.

I left out any country bias, so these are a universal fit to any and every economy.

What do the samples contain?

There are 2 typical planning problems that these plans are designed to solve:

• Input and output VARIABLES,
• related to the SCALE and MODEL of your farm.

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Poultry Courses Online - most actionable and interactive online poultry course.

In other words, these samples are shortcuts or crib notes for literally telling you if your planning progress is:

• en-route for success, or;
• taking a wrong turn .

I’ve arranged the samples according to the following attributes :

Broiler farming rearing models

• All-In-All-Out

Layer farming rearing models

Input/Output variable

• Feed consumption
• Production (meat or eggs)
• Broiler by product

These lists above are like ingredients to prescribed recipes.

Or, elements of an equation for solving a problem.

Mix them together in the right order and you answer critical questions within your poultry farm business plan.

Want an example?

The sample plans above will answer questions like,

“How much manure will a 2,000 bird broiler farm produce annually over 6 years, using the 4+1 rearing method?” Or, “How many eggs will a 5,000 layer farm produce annually over 6 years, using the 1+2 rearing method?”

Simply pull the relevant data set and immediately land your finger on the answer.

A convenient ‘plug-in’ to EVERY poultry farming business plan

Would you like a free sample?

Click on this link for a free egg production dataset for a 500-bird layer farm using 1+3 rearing system .

Now, are you ready for EVERYTHING?

Become a paid subscriber to gain instant access to ALL current sample plans PLUS future updates.

Another short falling of traditional business planning templates is that they are  start-up focused .

It makes the value gained from them short-lived.

Think of it this way…

When you’ve finally launched your business, that’s just the beginning and not the end.

At the very least, you should have another 6 years on top of actually running your business.

If your templates are ONLY valid for start-up,

Then what do you use to keep your ongoing plans in order ?

Crush investment risk with my business management templates

Arguably, running the business is a far more risky phase of investment – most of all because now you have made a material commitment.

Therefore, you carry the potential of loss.

And business management also just happens to be the most challenging discipline to hold.

Because you’ve got SO MUCH going on all at the same time.

And staying organised becomes more and more difficult with every day that goes by.

CHAOS costs …

• you lose foresight, you lose track of progress and ultimately you lose money.

ORGANISATION profits …

you gain vision, you gain awareness and ultimately make money.

Business Management Templates

These templates are designed to help you stay on top.

What’s included?

Advance Your Poultry Project - Into Maximum Profits!

Advanced Poultry Pickup - hands-on, 1-to-1 poultry business consultancy - anywhere.

Download the ‘Keep Sheet’ for future reference.

Want to start making business management plans?

Become a paid subscriber and access this suite of business management templates today.

Step #7: Download Business Records for Poultry Keepers eBook

This is a USDA eBook (United States Department of Agriculture – Farmers’ Bulletin 1614) from 1929.

(That’s right – it’s almost 100 years old!)

But testament to ‘things done well’…

…this evergreen piece of invaluable financial coaching for poultry farmers still holds true today, as when it was 1st published.

Business Records for Poultry Keepers: “Simply…DON’T attempt to write your poultry business plan without it.”

The motto of the eBook? “It literally pays for poultry farmers to keep records of current operations to guide their efforts in profitable directions.” In fact the book gives the following 6 great   reasons why you need this download : (1) “… reduce the guesswork in poultry farming by helping the farmer to determine the actual reasons for poultry profits and losses,” (2) “… show the relative efficiency of different methods of production and marketing,” (3) “…make it possible for a poultry keeper to compare his results with published information (benchmark) on many poultrymen’s problems,” (4) “… show the financial progress a poultry keeper has made in his business,” (5) “… furnish information for credit statements when funds are borrowed,” (6) “… help to prevent disputes by serving as a check on business dealings.”

What is included in this eBook?

Business Records for Poultry Keepers

• Usefulness of poultry records
• Receipts and expenses
• Egg-production record
• Labor record
• Sales records
• Records of eggs and poultry for household use
• Pen records
• Incubation and hatching records
• Diary or notes on management
• Making use of the records 

Want to pick up a copy?

Download the eBook here.

When I began writing The Big Book Project, I had one goal in mind:

To demystify investment proposal writing for start-up farmers.

By trawling the endless blog posts and comments in the small agribiz space online,

It became clear that MANY of us have the ambition to start up.

• see borrowing as the only root
• underestimate their business plan as just a means of getting a loan
• grossly misunderstand how to model production to make a profit

…and I desperately wanted to change turn this on its head.

Only, I made up my mind that I wasn’t going to go the traditional consulting route .

• Too expensive
• VERY limited
• Anti self-sufficiency ( clients grow dependant )

So, what were the alternatives to consulting?

• Perhaps, author a book
• Develop a proprietary software
• Run online courses

…these were just a few.

Then after extensive research and thinking things through…

…I settled for all 3 of the above alternatives, wrapped up into one package:

A book, plus bespoke software and an online course.

Enter: The Big Book Project

The Big Book Project ( https://thebigbookproject.org )

• An online eBook – pushed by a blog.
• A spin-off digital business planning tool called Poultry Project Reporter.
• And an online poultry farming course called Advanced Poultry Pick-Up.

In 2 years only,

the blog amassed 170,094 new search engine visitors  alone

PLUS , a little over 8,000 newsletter subscribers too.

Mission accomplished.

(Well, almost – “… but what about that software? “)

Actually, one of the most popular enquiries received through my blog is for help writing poultry business proposals .

With all the best intentions in the world, there’s just not enough of me to go around the entire subscriber base giving out 1-to-1 proposal writing help.

So, I did the next best thing.

I made my advice automated (with the help of some handy digital tools) and wrote it one time only.

The result was Poultry Project Reporter and now we have just launched version 2.

What is Poultry Project Reporter 2.0?

Poultry Project Reporter 2.0: the fastest way of writing a professional poultry farming proposal

If you are looking to write a watertight poultry business proposal,

Then this Poultry Project Reporter 2.0 is a solid investment for you.

Here’s why:

Essentially, all you have to do is type in your data into the input field and then leave the publishing (complete with PDF download) – even the calculations to PPR 2.0

Are you ready to take a closer look at Poultry Project Reporter? Take a look at the dedicated Poultry Project Reporter 2.0 website

Poultry farming as a topic is MASSIVE worldwide.

It seems, when it comes to the subject matter of poultry farming, every country is both ‘ stalking it ‘ and ‘ talking it ‘ online.

These stats from my blog above tell the tale of poultry farming and its popularity. It literally reaches every country in the world .

And despite all this talk about poultry farming business plans…

…I find a large percentage of the ‘audience’ has no capital funding availability (whether saved or borrowed) . Of course, this is totally natural and a reality for the majority, AND if you ask me a great ADVANTAGE.

Take this reader of my blog:

It seems many see a lack of capital as a barrier to entry when it comes to layer or broiler farming.

“But who said anything about needing significant capital to start up a profitable poultry business ?”

One of the BIGGEST attractions to poultry farming surely is the LOW BARRIER to entry , LOW SETUP costs and yet HIGH profitability and cash flow potential.

But as with many theories, I suppose it remains ‘up in the air (talked about)’ until someone makes it tangible…material…possible.

This is the principle that encouraged me to step up to the plate in an attempt to ‘bat out of the park’ all doubt surrounding it…

…and finally, answer the question:

Can you start up a poultry farm with zero capital?

Yes, you can start a poultry farm with no available capital.

Here’s how…

Zero Debt Poultry Farming: the MOST REWARDING way to start, scale and establish a leading egg or chicken business

In my line of work as a consultant (professional problem solver) – the one discipline that keeps my craft alive is RESEARCH.

And as such, I come across all kinds of neat fixes that may not be for the time I find them,

But are bound to come in handy some time.

So, much like a handyman or craftsman, not wanting to let anything go that could be of use,

I end up keeping a stash of these in a ‘kind of’ strategic toolbox.

When enough time passes by whilst researching related topics,

I get enough of a head of steam to begin compiling an eBook.

This is my process.

And using this I wrote ‘ Zero Debt Poultry: Business Startup Plan ‘.

It’s a strategic playbook and secret formula for how (with no borrowings or savings) you:

• turn your poultry startup idea into a market-leading farming enterprise
• BEFORE you yield your 1st egg or carcass .

Want the PDF download?

Become a paid subscriber today and download Zero Debt Poultry Business Startup Plan .

I had to refrain from using the phrase, “Masterclasses”…a bit presumptuous for my liking.

Aren’t we always needing to ‘add on’ – even after many years of experience? Are ever really the finished article?

Whatever your answer to those questions is,

I do think what is indisputable is the benefit of someone else’s EXPERIENCE when you don’t have any…

… experience saves loss …

…loss of:

…and in the case of business startup, the benefit of experience in some critical areas can be the difference between success and failure.

And where so much is riding on you making it work,

Getting the right experience is HIGHLY valued.

Equally, identifying the most advantageous area of learning carries importance.

So, what area of learning would you say has the most impact on farming success?

According to this study , ‘ Farm Business Management Skills a Missing Link For Smallholder Farmers: A Case Of Malingunde, Malawi ‘ (European Journal of Business and Innovation Research 2016): Just one of many studies which declare a link between business management discipline and better economic output . Other quotes from the study bear reference to previous works: “Generally, management is a human responsibility and skill that drives economic activities and development ( Oghojafor et al, 2012 ).” “Smallholder farmers need to be better equipped with business management skills if they are to play a central role in improving agricultural productivity ( Mohit, 2012 ).”

So, there you have it – business management is the most influential skill set you could acquire for succeeding with your poultry startup.

But is there really a shortage of business management material on the internet?

Not according to Google,

As you can see above, it took Google 0.6 seconds to return almost 6 BILLION results for the search term ‘business management’.

That’s a FLOOD of management content.

But…I ask:

• Is all of it good ? Or at least suitable for a startup poultry farmer?
• Also, where do you begin ?

To save you ENDLESS wandering from page to page online,

I have neatly packaged a power-packed portfolio of business management tutorials tailor-made for EVERY startup farmer…

…called “Grow AgriBusiness Faster Classes”

Grow AgriBusiness Faster Classes: instantly download 15 years of 1st class management expertise ( & speed up your poultry profits )

The purpose of these tutorials is to make common with you some of the most valuable business management lessons learned in my 15 years of management.

They span a corporate and independent consulting career, including:

• global best practice
• financial investments
• small business strategy

But the goal is simple…

…to make hard things simple for you to ‘master’ (…there, I’ve said it now…) to save you any potential material losses of getting it wrong.

These lessons should help you to get it right, 1st time.

The GREAT thing about these tutorials also is that they are all written from 1st hand experiences and lessons learned . Nothing academic – all true to life .

Here’s currently what is included :

Want to access the Grow AgriBusiness Faster Classes?

Become a paid subscriber today and fast forward your management abilities.

Are you currently working on a feasibility plan & business proposal for your future poultry farm?

Then this resource is the ideal pocketbook and project reference guide for equipping you with EVERYTHING you need to draft a winning plan.

It’s called the Poultry Project Hub…

Poultry Project Hub: a jampacked project resource library giving you 100’s of angles on planning optimal profits

This has to be the most plentiful online digital resource for assisting your poultry business proposal writing .

Here’s a quick round-up of its contents:

In short, the Poultry Farming Project Hub contains:

“…over 20,501 words, 200+ rows of data tables, as well as 30+ screenshots/images, sample calculations, case studies and more.”

If you are looking for:

• sample plans
• expert poultry business consultancy
• step-by-step calculations
• definitions and equations for investment metrics
• case studies
• detailed ‘explainer’ articles on hard to understand model concepts

…then this is an unmissable opportunity for you.

Visit the library and its FREE resources now.

Want to download the entire library in PDF instead?

Become a paid subscriber and get the PDFs.

This is very simply – a little bit of light relief if you are finding the whole exercise of business planning a little…frustrating.

There are 15 questions in this quiz.

Each covering a key poultry farming discipline.

It’s multiple choice and nothing too heavy.

Ideally, you might use them to sharpen up your general strategic business awareness.

Try the poultry business quiz.

I made this as a complementary guide to be read alongside sample poultry plans.

To help you better DIRECT the planning process.

To have you asking the right questions and taking the right approaches to assemble your poultry business plan successfully.

Plus, I provide insight into:

• production modelling options and,
• uncover flawed assumptions.

These points above are often sticking points and wrong turns for many when building a plan.

This eBook helps you avoid the loss of time and effort getting tied up in with grey spots.

And here’s how…

Poultry Planning Toolkit eBook: avoid common planning errors by having this on your desk as you work

I’d go as far as saying that you shouldn’t begin writing your poultry farm business plan UNTIL you’ve read this.

It does the job of ironing out all the usual sticking points that trouble and prolong planning.

Issues such as:

• modelling choices
• how best to plan your earnings
• how to measure profitability
• how to do capital planning

…are opened up with ease and made plain.

Here’s the chapter line-up :

• Broiler vs. Layer
• Reverse Engineer your Earnings
• Modelling for Cash Flow
• Frameworking
• Cost & Price Inputs
• Gross Profits
• Capital Planning
• Return on Investment
• Scenario Planning

I designed it to answer ALL the key strategic planning questions.

I’d say, the real value of this eBook is that it prevents false starts by filling in the common knowledge gaps .

A great time saver.

Take a few minutes to read a chapter for free .

Want to download the entire PDF eBook?

Become a paid subscriber today and get expert direction for writing a successful poultry business plan.

This one is quite simple.

If it’s ever cross your mind to ask,

“Hey Temi, what website software do you use?”

“What service do you use to send out those email messages?”

For example, I use WPMUDEV as my web hosting partner. They are just right for The Big Book Project currently. It’s true that there are many cheaper web hosting services out there, But the operative word here is * SERVICE* . When I fail, they pick up the pieces and always ensure The Big Book Project is constantly online. No downtime, no curveballs, no disasters…you see everything coming LONG before it hits, giving plenty of time to react successfully…PLUS, when trouble hits, they REALLY know how to rescue a WordPress website . Hands down. I have no complaints and many good things to say…if you are looking for an expert WordPress website support team – I couldn’t recommend them highly enough . Learn more about WPMUDEV here. (The link above goes to their website and of course costs you nothing. If you decide to hire them, I get a small payment back. The money side has no influence though. I personally use them and happily recommend their service.)

My other tools of the trade including:

• graphic design tool
• online payment gateway
• document management tools
• email marketing platform
• accounting program (inc. invoicing, quotations etc).

…are all neatly listed in the crib sheet.

It’s exhaustive. And comes with 10 years of self-employment and business ownership experience.

Lots of valuable, ‘hard-to-find’ gems to give you plenty of advantage.

(*Plus there are some GREAT time and budget savers in here to help you save the pennies, without compromising on  quality.)

Want to download my Digital Tools of The Trade crib sheet?

Become a paid subscriber today and get a headstart on digital business services.

Whilst I don’t write business plans, I do review them from time to time.

From your point of view, it might be a useful pointer in the right direction.

Just the thing you need to get you out of a rut and to finally complete your plan.

A bit like this:

…always good to see REAL LIFE RESULTS gained by readers of The Big Book Project who put the advice into action .

Want me to take a look at your poultry farm business plan?

Become a paid subscriber today and book your business plan review.

Now over to you…

Are you currently writing a business plan for your poultry farm?

Have you already drafted your plan?

Either way, I’d be interested to hear from you.

Leave a comment below.

Reader Interactions

Write your poultry project proposal in just 90 mins.

February 22, 2024 at 1:44 pm

My first time to visit this web site. I am impressed and subscribed soon. Hope I will be benefited from the package. Inspired by quick response of the system and tells how efficient and profitable the poultry business too. I will keep myself long in the transaction. Regards, Assefa T.

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Poultry Farm Business Plan Template

Written by Dave Lavinsky

Poultry Farm Business Plan

Over the past 20+ years, we have helped over 1,000 entrepreneurs and business owners create business plans to start and grow their poultry farms. On this page, we will first give you some background information with regards to the importance of business planning. We will then go through a poultry farm business plan template step-by-step so you can create your plan today.

Download our Ultimate Business Plan Template here >

What is a Poultry Farm Business Plan?

A business plan provides a snapshot of your poultry farm as it stands today, and lays out your growth plan for the next five years. It explains your business goals and your strategy for reaching them. It also includes market research to support your plans.

Why You Need a Business Plan for a Poultry Farm

If you’re looking to start a poultry farm, or grow your existing poultry farm, you need a business plan. A business plan will help you raise funding, if needed, and plan out the growth of your poultry farm in order to improve your chances of success. Your poultry farming business plan is a living document that should be updated annually as your company grows and changes.

Sources of Funding for Poultry Farms

With regards to funding, the main sources of funding for a poultry farm are personal savings, credit cards, USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) loans, bank loans, and angel investors. With regards to bank loans, banks will want to review your business plan and gain confidence that you will be able to repay your loan and interest. To acquire this confidence, the loan officer will not only want to confirm that your financials are reasonable, but they will also want to see a professional plan. Such a plan will give them the confidence that you can successfully and professionally operate a business. Personal savings and USDA FSA loans are the most common funding paths for poultry farm.

Finish Your Business Plan Today!

How to write a business plan for a chicken farm.

If you want to start a poultry farm or expand your current one, you need a business plan. We detail each section of a traditional business plan for a poultry farming business.

Executive Summary

Your executive summary provides an introduction to your business plan, but it is normally the last section you write because it provides a summary of each key section of your plan.

The goal of your Executive Summary is to quickly engage the reader. Explain to them the type of poultry farm you are operating and its status. For example, are you a startup, do you have a poultry farm business that you would like to grow, or are you operating poultry farm businesses in multiple locations?

Next, provide an overview of each of the subsequent sections of your plan. For example, give a brief overview of the poultry farm industry. Discuss the type of poultry farm you are operating. Detail your direct competitors. Give an overview of your target customers. Provide a snapshot of your marketing plan. Identify the key members of your team. And offer an overview of your financial plan.  

Company Analysis

In your company analysis, you will detail the type of poultry farm you are operating.

For example, you might operate one of the following types of poultry farms:

• Breeder Farms : this type of poultry farm produces hatching eggs for delivery to the hatchery. After the 21 day incubation period, the hatchery then delivers the baby chicks to the broiler houses.
• Broiler Farms: this type of farm produces a 2.5 lb. to 8 lb. bird in 4 to 8 weeks which is processed for various types of retail sale to consumers, grocery stores or fast food chains as whole birds, cut-up breast, wings, thigh, drumsticks, deboned breast meat, or further processed pieces.
• Pullet Farms: this type of poultry farm produces pullets and roosters to be delivered to a breeder hen house at 20-22 weeks old when they are sexually mature to breed and lay eggs.

In addition to explaining the type of poultry farming business you will operate, the Company Analysis section of your business plan needs to provide background on the business.

Include answers to question such as:

• When and why did you start the business?
• What milestones have you achieved to date? Milestones could include the number of chickens and/or turkeys produced, number of production contracts, etc.
• Your legal structure. Are you incorporated as an S-Corp? An LLC? A sole proprietorship? Explain your legal structure here.

Industry Analysis

In your industry analysis, you need to provide an overview of the poultry farm industry.

While this may seem unnecessary, it serves multiple purposes.

First, researching the poultry farm industry educates you. It helps you understand the market in which you are operating.

Secondly, market research can improve your strategy, particularly if your research identifies market trends.

The third reason for market research is to prove to readers that you are an expert in your industry. By conducting the research and presenting it in your plan, you achieve just that.

The following questions should be answered in the industry analysis section of your poultry farming business plan:

• How big is the poultry farm industry (in dollars)?
• Is the market declining or increasing?
• Who are the key competitors in the market?
• Who are the key suppliers in the market?
• What trends are affecting the industry?
• What is the industry’s growth forecast over the next 5 – 10 years?
• What is the relevant market size? That is, how big is the potential market for your poultry farm business? You can extrapolate such a figure by assessing the size of the market in the entire country and then applying that figure to your target market.

Customer Analysis

The customer analysis section of your poultry farming business plan must detail the customers you serve and/or expect to serve.

The following are examples of customer segments: processors, grocery stores, and restaurants.

As you can imagine, the customer segment(s) you choose will have a great impact on the type of poultry farm business you operate. Clearly, processors would respond to different marketing promotions than restaurants, for example.

Try to break out your target customers in terms of their demographic and psychographic profiles. With regards to demographics, include a discussion of the ages, genders, locations and income levels of the customers you seek to serve. Because most poultry farm businesses primarily serve customers living in their same region, such demographic information is easy to find on government websites.

Psychographic profiles explain the wants and needs of your target customers. The more you can understand and define these needs, the better you will do in attracting and retaining your customers.

Finish Your Poultry Farm Business Plan in 1 Day!

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With Growthink’s Ultimate Business Plan Template you can finish your plan in just 8 hours or less!

Competitive Analysis

Your competitive analysis should identify the indirect and direct competitors your business faces and then focus on the latter.

Direct competitors are other poultry farm businesses.

Indirect competitors are other options that customers have to purchase from that aren’t direct competitors. This includes producers of other meat such as beef, pork, or fish, as well as producers of meat alternatives. You need to mention such competition as well.

With regards to direct competition, you want to describe the other poultry farms with which you compete. Most likely, your direct competitors will be poultry farms located very close to your location.

For each such competitor, provide an overview of their businesses and document their strengths and weaknesses. Unless you once worked at your competitors’ businesses, it will be impossible to know everything about them. But you should be able to find out key things about them such as:

• What types of customers do they serve?
• What kinds of poultry do they produce (breeders, broilers, pullets)?
• What is their pricing (premium, low, etc.)?
• What are they good at?
• What are their weaknesses?

With regards to the last two questions, think about your answers from the customers’ perspective. And don’t be afraid to ask your competitors’ customers what they like most and least about them.

The final part of your competitive analysis section is to document your areas of competitive advantage. For example:

• Will you use superior production methods?
• Will you provide services that your competitors don’t offer?
• Will you provide better customer service?
• Will you offer better pricing?

Think about ways you will outperform your competition and document them in this section of your plan.  

Marketing Plan

Traditionally, a marketing plan includes the four P’s: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. For a poultry farm business plan, your marketing plan should include the following:

Product : In the product section, you should reiterate the type of poultry farm company that you documented in your Company Analysis. Then, detail the specific products you will be offering. For example, in addition to traditional poultry, will you provide organic or cage-free poultry?

Price : Document the prices you will offer and how they compare to your competitors. Essentially in the product and price sub-sections of your marketing plan, you are presenting the products and services you offer and their prices.

Place : Place refers to the location of your poultry farm company. Document your location and mention how the location will impact your success. For example, is your poultry farm located near a processing facility, near a transportation hub, etc. Discuss how your location might be the ideal location for your customers.

Promotions : The final part of your poultry farm marketing plan is the promotions section. Here you will document how you will drive customers to your location(s). The following are some promotional methods you might consider:

• Advertising in trade papers and magazines
• Reaching out to local agriculture extension offices
• Social media marketing
• Local radio advertising

Operations Plan

While the earlier sections of your business plan explained your goals, your operations plan describes how you will meet them. Your operations plan should have two distinct sections as follows.

Everyday short-term processes include all of the tasks involved in running your poultry farm, including animal care / feeding, flock supervision, animal transportation, sourcing feed, etc.

Long-term goals are the milestones you hope to achieve. These could include the dates when you expect to sign your 20th production contract, or when you hope to reach $X in revenue. It could also be when you expect to expand your poultry farm to a new location.  

Management Team

To demonstrate your poultry farm’s ability to succeed, a strong management team is essential. Highlight your key players’ backgrounds, emphasizing those skills and experiences that prove their ability to grow a company.

Ideally you and/or your team members have direct experience in managing poultry farms. If so, highlight this experience and expertise. But also highlight any experience that you think will help your business succeed.

If your team is lacking, consider assembling an advisory board. An advisory board would include 2 to 8 individuals who would act like mentors to your business. They would help answer questions and provide strategic guidance. If needed, look for advisory board members with experience in managing farms or successfully running small businesses.  

Financial Plan

Your financial plan should include your 5-year financial statement broken out both monthly or quarterly for the first year and then annually. Your financial statements include your income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statements.

Income Statement

An income statement is more commonly called a Profit and Loss statement or P&L. It shows your revenues and then subtracts your costs to show whether you turned a profit or not.

In developing your income statement, you need to devise assumptions. For example, will you supply 50 restaurants, or produce 2,000 birds for processing each month? And will sales grow by 2% or 10% per year? As you can imagine, your choice of assumptions will greatly impact the financial forecasts for your business. As much as possible, conduct research to try to root your assumptions in reality.

Balance Sheets

Balance sheets show your assets and liabilities. While balance sheets can include much information, try to simplify them to the key items you need to know about. For instance, if you spend $50,000 on building out your poultry farming business, this will not give you immediate profits. Rather it is an asset that will hopefully help you generate profits for years to come. Likewise, if a bank writes you a check for $50,000, you don’t need to pay it back immediately. Rather, that is a liability you will pay back over time.

Cash Flow Statement

Your cash flow statement will help determine how much money you need to start or grow your business, and make sure you never run out of money. What most entrepreneurs and business owners don’t realize is that you can turn a profit but run out of money and go bankrupt.

In developing your Income Statement and Balance Sheets be sure to include several of the key costs needed in starting or growing a poultry farm business:

• Location build-out including design fees, construction, etc.
• Cost of equipment and supplies
• Payroll or salaries paid to staff
• Business insurance
• Taxes and permits
• Legal expenses

Attach your full financial projections in the appendix of your plan along with any supporting documents that make your plan more compelling. For example, you might include your farm title or lease, or blueprints of the production facility.  

Putting together a business plan for your poultry farm is a worthwhile endeavor. If you follow the template above, by the time you are done, you will truly be an expert. You will really understand the poultry farm industry, your competition, and your customers. You will have developed a marketing plan and will really understand what it takes to launch and grow a successful poultry farming business.  

Poultry Farm Business Plan FAQs

What is the easiest way to complete my poultry farm business plan.

Growthink's Ultimate Business Plan Template allows you to quickly and easily complete your Poultry Farm Business Plan.

What is the Goal of a Business Plan's Executive Summary?

The goal of your Executive Summary is to quickly engage the reader. Explain to them the type of poultry farm business you are operating and the status; for example, are you a startup, do you have a poultry farm business that you would like to grow, or are you operating a chain of poultry farm businesses?

Don’t you wish there was a faster, easier way to finish your Poultry Farm business plan?

OR, Let Us Develop Your Plan For You

Since 1999, Growthink has developed business plans for thousands of companies who have gone on to achieve tremendous success.   Click here to see how Growthink’s professional business plan consulting services can create your business plan for you.

Other Helpful Business Plan Articles & Templates

Poultry Farming Business Plan [Sample Template]

By: Author Tony Martins Ajaero

Home » Business ideas » Agriculture Industry » Livestock Farming » Poultry » Poultry Business Plan

Are you about starting a poultry farm ? If YES, here’s a complete sample poultry farming business plan template & feasibility report you can use for FREE to raise money .

There are quite a great number of things that are highly needed by man as a nutritious source of food that is gotten from the poultry. Chief amongst them is them the egg. Poultry farms all over the world has egg as one of its primary produce and that is why people will continue to look to poultry farms to churn this out.

To start a poultry related business, you will first need to learn the ropes. Undertaking a thorough and exhaustive research is also one of the tasks that you will be saddled with.  Thereafter you might be required to do some apprenticeship so as to have firsthand experience on how to run a poultry farm.

A Sample Poultry Farming Business Plan Template

1. industry overview.

The agricultural industry of which poultry farming and egg production is a subset of is no doubt among the leading industry in most countries of the world; it is the industry that produces chicken and eggs for the populace.

Because of the significant role the agriculture sector plays, the government of most countries ensures that they go all the way to subsidize seedlings, fertilizers, and farming implements and machinery for farmers and also encourage entrepreneurs to go into commercial farming (poultry farming inclusive).

Hens, various birds, quails, guinea fowls, ducks et al are all birds that can be comfortably reared in a poultry farm. Chicken and birds are widely consumed in all parts of the world hence there is a large market for poultry farmers. If you are looking towards starting a livestock breeding business, then one of your options is to settle for poultry farming.

Poultry farming is a highly thriving and profitable business venture. Aside from the fact that people consume birds and chickens et al, supply of eggs is also a major source of revenue generation for poultry farmer. Players in the poultry farming and egg production industry basically raise chickens for meat, and egg production. The eggs produced may be sold for use as table eggs or hatching eggs.

The Poultry Farm and Egg Production Company Industry is indeed a very large industry and pretty much thriving in all parts of the world especially in developed countries such as United States of America, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia and Italy et al.

Statistics has it that in the united states of America alone, there are about 30,000 licensed and registered poultry farm and egg production company directly responsible for employing about 280,800 employees and indirectly responsible for employing roughly 1,339,900.

The industry rakes in a whooping sum of $10 billion annually with an annual growth rate projected at 6.1 percent. It is important to state that the establishments with a lion share of the available market in this industry are Cal – Maine, Land O’Lake, Inc., Michael Foods and Rose Acres Farms.

Statistics also has it that an estimate of about 35 companies are involved in the business of raising, processing and marketing chickens on a  commercial level; they export chickens, processed chickens and eggs to other countries of the world.

It is on record that Americans consume more chicken than anyone else in the world – more than 90 pounds per capita in 2015 – the number one protein consumed in the United States. So also, in 2015, almost 9 billion broiler chickens, weighing 53 billion pounds, live – weight, were produced. More than 40 billion pounds of chicken product was marketed, measured on a ready-to-cook basis.

The United States has the largest broiler chicken industry in the world, and about 19 percent of egg and chicken production was exported to other countries in 2015.Research conducted shows that the top 5 broiler producing states in the US are Georgia, Arkansas, Alabama, North Carolina and Mississippi.

If you are looking towards leveraging on the agriculture industry to generate huge income, then one of your best bet is to start a poultry farm and egg production business.

One thing is certain about starting poultry farming and egg production business, if you are able to conduct your market research and feasibility studies , you are more likely not going to struggle to sell your eggs and chickens because there are always food processing companies and consumers out there who are ready to buy from you.

2. Executive Summary

Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC is a world – class and licensed poultry farm and egg Production Company that will be based in the outskirt of Santa Fe, New Mexico – United States. We have done our detailed market research and feasibility studies and we were able to secure a hundred hectares of land to start our poultry farm and egg production business.

Our poultry farm is going to be standard commercial poultry farm hence will be involved in raising, processing and marketing chickens and eggs ( Table eggs produced by battery chickens (white ), Table eggs produced by battery chickens (brown), Hatching eggs, Specialty eggs, and Table eggs produced by free-range chickens ) on a commercial level; we export chickens, processed chickens and eggs to other countries of the world.

We are in the commercial poultry farm and egg production line of business because we want to leverage on the vast opportunities available in the agriculture industry, to contribute our quota in growing the U.S. economy, in national food production, and also to export chicken and eggs from the United States to other countries and over and above to make profit.

Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC is well positioned to become one of the leading commercial poultry farms and egg production business in the United States of America, which is why we have been able to source for the best hands and machines to run the company with.

We have put process and strategies in place that will help us employ best practices when it comes to commercial poultry farms and egg production processes as required by the regulating bodies in the United States of America. At Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC, our customer’s best interest will always come first, and everything we do will be guided by our values and professional ethics.

We will ensure that we hold ourselves accountable to the highest standards by meeting our client’s needs precisely and completely. We will cultivate a working environment that provides a human, sustainable approach to earning a living, and living in our world, for our partners, employees and for our clients.

Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC is a private registered commercial poultry farm and egg production company that is owned by Mr. Noble Ernest and his immediate family members. The poultry farm will be fully and single handedly financed by the owner – Mr. Noble Ernest and his immediate family members at least for a period of time.

Before starting Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC, and Mr. Noble Ernest was the Head of a renowned Agriculture Research Institute in The U.S. he worked in the industry for well over 10 years before resigning to start his own commercial poultry farm and egg production business. He is of course well experienced and highly qualified to run this type of business.

3. Our Products and Services

Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC is a standard commercial poultry farms and egg production company that is committed to raising chickens and producing eggs for both the United States’ market and the global market. We are in the commercial poultry farms and production line of business to make profits and we are going to do all we can to achieve our business goals, aim and objectives.

These are the areas we will concentrate on in our commercial poultry farms. If need arises we will definitely add more poultry produce to our list;

• Raising, processing and marketing chickens on a commercial level; we export chickens, processed chickens and eggs to other countries of the world.
• Table eggs produced by battery chickens (white)
• Table eggs produced by battery chickens (brown)
• Hatching eggs
• Specialty eggs
• Table eggs produced by free-range chickens

4. Our Mission and Vision Statement

• Our Vision is to become one of the leading commercial poultry farm and egg production brands not just in the United States of America but also on the global stage.
• Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC is a world class and registered commercial poultry farms and egg production company that is committed to raising chickens and producing eggs for both the United States’ market and the global market.
• We want our chickens and eggs to flood the nooks and crannies of the United States and other countries of the world.

Our Business Structure

Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC is a privately owned and managed commercial poultry farms and egg production business that intend starting small in Santa Fe – New Mexico, but hope to grow big in order to compete favorably with leading commercial poultry farms and egg production companies in the industry both in the United States and on a global stage.

We are aware of the importance of building a solid business structure that can support the picture of the kind of world class business we want to own. This is why we are committed to only hire the best hands within our area of operations.

At Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC, we will ensure that we hire people that are qualified, hardworking, and creative, result driven, customer centric and are ready to work to help us build a prosperous business that will benefit all the stakeholders (the owners, workforce, and customers).

As a matter of fact, profit-sharing arrangement will be made available to all our senior management staff and it will be based on their performance for a period of five years or more as agreed by the board of trustees of the company. In view of the above, we have decided to hire qualified and competent hands to occupy the following positions;

• Chief Operating Officer

General Farm Manager

Human Resources and Admin Manager

• Accountant / Cashier
• Sales and Marketing Executive
• Field Employees
• Front Desk Officer

5. Job Roles and Responsibilities

Chief Executive Officer – CEO:

• Increases management’s effectiveness by recruiting, selecting, orienting, training, coaching, counseling, and disciplining managers; communicating values, strategies, and objectives; assigning accountabilities; planning, monitoring, and appraising job results; developing incentives; developing a climate for offering information and opinions; providing educational opportunities.
• Responsible for providing direction for the business
• Creates, communicates, and implements the organization’s vision, mission, and overall direction – i.e. leading the development and implementation of the overall organization’s strategy.
• Responsible for signing checks and documents on behalf of the company
• Evaluates the success of the organization
• Responsible for the planning, management and coordinating all farm activities across the various sections on behalf of the organization
• Supervises other section manager
• Ensures compliance during project executions
• Provides advice on the management of farming activities across all section
• Responsible for carrying out risk assessment
• Uses IT systems and software to keep track of people and progress of the growth of chickens and other birds
• Responsible for overseeing the accounting, costing and sale of poultry farm produce
• Represent the organization’s interest at various stakeholders meetings
• Ensures that farming goals desired result are achieved, the most efficient resources (manpower, equipment, tools and chemicals et al) are utilized and different interests involved are satisfied. Responsible for preparing financial reports, budgets, and financial statements for the organization
• Responsible for overseeing the smooth running of HR and administrative tasks for the organization
• Updates job knowledge by participating in educational opportunities; reading professional publications; maintaining personal networks; participating in professional organizations.
• Enhances department and organization reputation by accepting ownership for accomplishing new and different requests; exploring opportunities to add value to job accomplishments.
• Defines job positions for recruitment and managing interviewing process
• Carries out staff induction for new team members
• Responsible for training, evaluation and assessment of employees
• Oversees the smooth running of the daily office.

Accountant / Cashier:

• Responsible for preparing financial reports, budgets, and financial statements for the organization
• Provides managements with financial analyses, development budgets, and accounting reports; analyzes financial feasibility for the most complex proposed projects; conducts market research to forecast trends and business conditions.
• Responsible for financial forecasting and risks analysis.
• Performs cash management, general ledger accounting, and financial reporting for one or more properties.
• Responsible for developing and managing financial systems and policies
• Responsible for administering payrolls
• Ensures compliance with taxation legislation
• Handles all financial transactions for Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC
• Serves as internal auditor for Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC.

Sales and Marketing Manager

• Manages external research and coordinate all the internal sources of information to retain the organizations’ best customers and attract new ones
• Models demographic information and analyze the volumes of transactional data generated by customer
• Identifies development opportunities; follows up on development leads and contacts; participates in the structuring and financing of projects; assures the completion of development projects.
• Writes winning proposal documents, negotiate fees and rates in line with organizations’ policy
• Responsible for handling business research, market surveys and feasibility studies for clients
• Responsible for supervising implementation, advocate for the customer’s needs, and communicate with clients
• Develops, executes and evaluates new plans for expanding increase sales
• Creates new markets cum businesses for the organization
• Empowers and motivates the sales team to meet and surpass agreed targets

Field Workers / Contract Staff

• Responsible for daily collection of eggs
• Responsible for feeding chickens and other birds as instructed by the supervisor
• Responsible for cleaning poultry and the entire environment
• Changes the water for the birds as instructed by the supervisor on a regular basis
• Handles poultry farm implements and machines (hatchery) as instructed by the section manager / supervisor
• Assists in handling the chicken and other birds et al
• Carries out task in line with the stated job description
• Assists in transport working tools and equipment from the poultry farm and back to the designated store room
• Handles any other duties as assigned my the line manager

Front Desk / Customer’s Service Officer

• Welcomes clients and potential clients by greeting them in person, online or on the telephone; answering or directing inquiries.
• Ensures that all contacts with clients (e-mail, walk-In center, SMS or phone) provides the client with a personalized customer service experience of the highest level
• Through interaction with clients on the phone, uses every opportunity to build client’s interest in the company’s products and services
• Manages administrative duties assigned by the creative director in an effective and timely manner
• Consistently stays abreast of any new information on the organizations’ products, promotional campaigns etc. to ensure accurate and helpful information is supplied to clients when they make enquiries

6. SWOT Analysis

Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC do not intend to launch out with trial and error hence the need to conduct a proper SWOT analysis.

We know that if we get it right from the onset, we would have succeeded in creating the foundation that will help us build a standard commercial poultry farm and egg production company that will favorably compete with leading commercial poultry farms and egg production companies like Cal – Maine, Land O’Lake, Inc., Michael Foods and Rose Acres Farms in the United States of America and in the rest part of the world.

We engaged the services of a core professional in the area of business consulting and structuring to assist our organization in building a well – structured commercial poultry farm and egg Production Company that can favorably compete in the highly competitive commercial poultry farms and egg production industry in the United States and the world at large.

Part of what the team of business consultant did was to work with the management of our organization in conducting a SWOT analysis for Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC. Here is a summary from the result of the SWOT analysis that was conducted on behalf of Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC;

Our strength as a commercial poultry farm and egg production company is the fact that we have healthy relationships with loads of major players ( agriculture merchants ) in the industry; both suppliers of poultry feeds and medications and buyers of chickens and eggs within and outside of the United States of America.

We have some of the latest commercial poultry farming hatchery, tools and equipment that will help us raise and produce eggs in commercial quantities with less stress. Aside from our relationship ( network ) and equipment, we can confidently boast that we have some the most experienced hands in Santa Fe – New Mexico in our payroll.

Our weakness could be that we are a new commercial poultry farms and egg production company in the United States, and perhaps it might take us sometime to attract big time customers in the industry. We are aware of this and from our projection will overcome this weakness with time and turn it to a major advantage for the business.

• Opportunities:

The opportunities that are available to us as a standard commercial poultry farm and egg Production Company cannot be quantified, we know that there are loads of households, and businesses such as hotels and fast food restaurants that can’t do without daily supply of chicken and eggs. We are well positioned to take advantage of this opportunity

Some of the threats and challenges that we are likely going to face when we start our own commercial poultry farm and egg production company are global economic downturn that can impact negatively on household spending, bad weather cum natural disasters (draughts, epidemics), unfavorable government policies and the arrival of a competitor ( a commercial farm that engage in the rearing of chickens and other birds ) within same location.

There is hardly anything you can do as regards this threats and challenges other than to be optimistic that things will continue to work for your good.

7. MARKET ANALYSIS

• Market Trends

The Poultry and Chicken Egg Production industry has greatly benefited from campaigns advertising the health benefits of chickens and eggs as a good source of protein.

No doubt, the increased demand of chicken and eggs from households and food related businesses and of course the growing popularity of specialty and processed eggs have rapidly improved revenue growth for the industry. In the face of this growth, profit margin has suffered from rising feed costs and also regulations regarding animal welfare.

As a matter of fact, one of the new trends is that with the recent advancement in technology, poultry farmers can now comfortably predict and produce the quantities of chickens / birds and eggs per time.

8. Our Target Market

Naturally, the target market of those who are the end consumer of commercial poultry farm produce and also those who benefits from the business value chain of the poultry farming and egg production industry is all encompassing; it is far – reaching.

Every household consumes produce from commercial poultry farms be it chicken or egg. So also almost all hotels and fast restaurants sell chicken and eggs. In essence a commercial poultry farmer should be able to sell his or her chicken and eggs to as many people as possible.

In view of that, we have positioned our business to attract consumers of chickens and eggs not just in the United States of America alone but also other parts of the world. We have conducted our market research and survey and we will ensure that we meet and surpass the expectations we set for the business. Below is a list of the people and business that we will market our chickens and eggs to;

• Individuals
• Restaurants
• Fast food eateries
• Agriculture merchants

Our Competitive Advantage

It is easier to find entrepreneur flocking towards an industry that is known to generate consistent income which is why there are more commercial poultry farmers in the United States of America and of course in most parts of the world.

For example, Statistics has it that there are 2.2 million farms in the United States of America, covering an area of 922 million acres. These goes to show that there are appreciable numbers of farmers in the United States of America but that does not mean that there is stiffer competition in the industry.

As a matter of fact, entrepreneurs are encouraged by the government to embrace commercial farming cum poultry farming and egg production business. This is so because part of the success of any nation is her ability to cultivate her own food and also export food to other nations of the world.

Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC is fully aware that there are competitions when it comes to selling commercial farm produce all over the globe, which is why we decided to carry out thorough market research so as to know how to take advantage of the available market in the United States and in other parts of the world.

We have done our homework and we have been able to highlight some factors that will give us competitive advantage in the marketplace; some of the factors are effective and reliable poultry farming and egg production processes that can help us sell our produce at competitive prices, good network and excellent relationship management.

Another competitive advantage that we are bringing to the industry is the fact that we have healthy relationships with loads of major players (agriculture merchants) in the industry; both suppliers of poultry feeds and medications and buyers of chickens and eggs within and outside of the United States of America.

We have some of the latest commercial poultry farming hatchery, tools and equipment that will help us raise and produce eggs in commercial quantities with less stress. Aside from our relationship (network) and equipment, we can confidently boast that we have some the most experienced hands in Santa Fe – New Mexico in our payroll.

Lastly, all our employees will be well taken care of, and their welfare package will be among the best within our category (startups commercial poultry farms and egg production companies in the United States) in the industry. It will enable them to be more than willing to build the business with us and help deliver our set goals and achieve all our business aims and objectives.

9. SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY

• Sources of Income

Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC is in the poultry farms and egg production line of business for the purpose of maximizing profits hence we have decided to explore all the available opportunities within the industry to achieve our corporate goals and objectives. Below are the sources we intend exploring to generate income for Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC;

10. Sales Forecast

From the survey conducted, we were are able to discover that the sales generated by a commercial poultry farm and egg production business depends on the size of the poultry farm, the types of birds available in the poultry and of course the size of their marketing network.

We have been able to critically examine the poultry farms and egg production business and we have analyzed our chances in the industry and we have been able to come up with the following sales forecast.

The sales projection is based on information gathered on the field and some workable assumptions as well with respect to the nature of commercial poultry farm and egg production business that we run. Below are the projections that we were able to come up with for the first three years of running Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC;

• First Fiscal Year-: $250,000
• Second Fiscal Year-: $600,000
• Third Fiscal Year-: $ 900,000

N.B : This projection is done based on what is obtainable in the industry and with the assumption that there won’t be any major economic meltdown that can impact negatively on household spending, bad weather cum natural disasters (draughts, epidemics), and unfavorable government policies.

• Marketing Strategy and Sales Strategy

We are quite aware that the reason why some commercial poultry farms and egg production companies hardly make good profits is their inability to sell off their chickens and eggs as at when due.

Our sales and marketing team will be recruited based on their vast experience in the poultry farming and egg production industry and they will be trained on a regular basis so as to be well equipped to meet their targets and the overall business goal of Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC.

Over and above, we have perfected our sale and marketing strategies first by networking with agriculture merchants and businesses that rely on daily supply of chicken and eggs from the poultry farms and egg production industry that are likely to become our customers.

In summary, Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC will adopt the following strategies in marketing our commercial farm produce;

• Introduce our business by sending introductory letters alongside our brochure to stake holders in the agriculture industry, households, hotels and restaurants and agriculture produce merchants et al.
• Advertise our business in agriculture and food related magazines and websites
• List our commercial poultry farms and egg production business on yellow pages ads
• Attend related agriculture and food expos, seminars, and business fairs et al
• Leverage on the internet to promote our business
• Engage in direct marketing
• Encourage the use of Word of mouth marketing (referrals)

11. Publicity and Advertising Strategy

Any business that wants to grow beyond the corner of the street or the city they are operating from must be ready and willing to utilize every available means (both conventional and non – conventional means) to advertise and promote the business.

We intend growing our business which is why we have perfected plans to build our brand via every available means. We know that it is important to create strategies that will help us boost our brand awareness and to create a corporate identity for our commercial poultry farm and egg production business.

Below are the platforms we will leverage on to boost our commercial poultry farm and production brand and to promote and advertise our business;

• Place adverts on community based newspapers, radio stations and TV stations.
• Encourage the use of word of mouth publicity from our loyal customers
• Leverage on the internet and social media platforms like; YouTube, Instagram, Facebook ,Twitter, LinkedIn, Snapchat, Badoo, Google+  and other platforms to promote our business.
• Ensure that our we position our banners and billboards in strategic positions all around Santa Fe – New Mexico
• Distribute our fliers and handbills in target areas in and around our neighborhood
• Contact corporate organizations, households, landlord associations and schools by calling them up and informing them of Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC and the poultry produce we sell
• Advertise our business in our official website and employ strategies that will help us pull traffic to the site
• Brand all our official cars and trucks and ensure that all our staff members and management staff wears our branded shirt or cap at regular intervals.

12. Our Pricing Strategy

Some of the factors that will help you sell your farm produce at the right price that will guarantee that you make profits is dependent on your strategy while some of the factors are beyond your control. For example, if the climatic condition is unfavorable and if there is natural disaster in the location where you have your commercial poultry farm, then it will directly affect the prices of your chicken and eggs.

Over and above, if you want to get the right pricing for your chicken and eggs, then you should ensure that you choose a good location for commercial poultry farm, choose a good breed that will guarantee bountiful harvest, cut the cost of running your poultry farm to the barest minimum.

Of course you should try as much as possible to attract buyers to your poultry farm as against taking your eggs and chickens to the market to source for buyers; with this, you would have successfully eliminate the cost of transporting the goods to the market and other logistics.

We are quite aware that one of the easiest means of penetrating the market and acquiring loads of customers for all our eggs and chickens is to sell them at competitive prices hence we will do all we can to ensure that the prices of our poultry farm produces are going to be what other commercial poultry farmers would look towards beating.

One thing is certain; the nature of commercial poultry farming makes it possible for poultry farmers to place prices for their eggs and chicken based on their discretion without following the benchmark in the industry. The truth is that it is one of the means of avoiding running into loss.

• Payment Options

The payment policy adopted by Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC is all inclusive because we are quite aware that different customers prefer different payment options as it suits them but at the same time, we will ensure that we abide by the financial rules and regulation of the United States of America.

Here are the payment options that Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC will make available to her clients;

• Payment via bank transfer
• Payment with cash
• Payment via online bank transfer
• Payment via check
• Payment via bank draft

In view of the above, we have chosen banking platforms that will enable our client make payment for farm produces purchase without any stress on their part. Our bank account numbers will be made available on our website and promotional materials to clients who may want to deposit cash or make online transfer for chickens and eggs.

13. Startup Expenditure (Budget)

When it comes to calculating the cost of starting a commercial poultry farm, there are some key factors that should serve as a guide. The different type of birds to be raised in a commercial poultry farm determines the total cost of setting up the business.

Besides, in setting up any business, the amount or cost will depend on the approach and scale you want to undertake. If you intend to go big by renting / leasing a big facility, then you would need a good amount of capital as you would need to ensure that your employees are well taken care of, and that your facility is conducive enough for workers to be creative and productive.

This means that the start-up can either be low or high depending on your goals, vision and aspirations for your business. The tools and equipment that will be used are nearly the same cost everywhere, and any difference in prices would be minimal and can be overlooked.

As for the detailed cost analysis for starting a commercial poultry farm and egg production business; it might differ in other countries due to the value of their money. Below are some of the basic areas we will spend our start – up capital in setting up our commercial poultry farm;

• The Total Fee for incorporating the Business (commercial farm) in United States of America – $750.
• The amount needed to acquire / lease a farm land  – $50,000
• The amount required for preparing the farm land (poultry fencing et al) – $30,000
• Legal expenses for obtaining licenses and permits as well as the accounting services (software, P.O.S machines and other software) – $3,300.
• Marketing promotion expenses for the grand opening of Bill The Carpenter™ Furniture, Inc. in the amount of $3,500 and as well as flyer printing (2,000 flyers at $0.04 per copy) for the total amount of $3,580.
• The total cost for hiring Business Consultant – $2,500.
• The total cost for payment of insurance policy covers (general liability, workers’ compensation and property casualty) coverage at a total premium – $9,400
• The amount required for the purchase of the first set of chickens – $10,000
• The cost for acquiring the required working tools and equipment / machines / hatchery et al– $50,000
• Operational cost for the first 3 months (salaries of employees, payments of bills et al) – $60,000
• The Cost of Launching an official Website – $600
• Additional Expenditure (Business cards, Signage, Adverts and Promotions et al) – $2,000

Going by the report from detailed research and feasibility studies conducted, we will need an average of $500,000 to start a standard commercial poultry farm and egg production business in the United States of America.

Generating Funding / Startup Capital for Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC

No matter how fantastic your business idea might be, if you don’t have the required money to finance the business, the business might not become a reality. Finance is a very important factor when it comes to starting a business such as commercial poultry farming.

No doubt raising start – up capital for a business might not come cheap, but it is a task that an entrepreneur must go through.

Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC is a family business that is solely owned and financed by Noble Ernest and his immediate family members. We do not intend to welcome any external business partner, which is why he has decided to restrict the sourcing of the start – up capital to 3 major sources. These are the areas we intend generating our start – up capital;

• Generate part of the start – up capital from personal savings
• Source for soft loans from family members and friends
• Apply for loan from my Bank

N.B: We have been able to generate about $150,000 (Personal savings $100,000 and soft loan from family members $50,000 ) and we are at the final stages of obtaining a loan facility of $350,000 from our bank. All the papers and document have been signed and submitted, the loan has been approved and any moment from now our account will be credited with the amount.

14. Sustainability and Expansion Strategy

The future of a business lies in the numbers of loyal customers that they have the capacity and competence of the employees, their investment strategy and the business structure. If all of these factors are missing from a business (company), then it won’t be too long before the business close shop.

One of our major goals of starting Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC is to build a business that will survive off its own cash flow without the need for injecting finance from external sources once the business is officially running.

We know that one of the ways of gaining approval and winning customers over is to retail our chickens and eggs a little bit cheaper than what is obtainable in the market and we are well prepared to survive on lower profit margin for a while.

Noble Ernest Poultry Farms, LLC will make sure that the right foundation, structures and processes are put in place to ensure that our staff welfare are well taken of. Our company’s corporate culture is designed to drive our business to greater heights and training and retraining of our workforce is at the top burner.

As a matter of fact, profit-sharing arrangement will be made available to all our management staff and it will be based on their performance for a period of six years or more. We know that if that is put in place, we will be able to successfully hire and retain the best hands we can get in the industry; they will be more committed to help us build the business of our dreams.

Check List / Milestone

• Business Name Availability Check : Completed
• Business Registration: Completed
• Opening of Corporate Bank Accounts: Completed
• Securing Point of Sales (POS) Machines: Completed
• Opening Mobile Money Accounts: Completed
• Opening Online Payment Platforms: Completed
• Application and Obtaining Tax Payer’s ID: In Progress
• Application for business license and permit: Completed
• Purchase of Insurance for the Business: Completed
• Leasing of farm land and building of standard poultry (cages): In Progress
• Conducting Feasibility Studies: Completed
• Generating capital from family members: Completed
• Applications for Loan from the bank: In Progress
• Writing of Business Plan: Completed
• Drafting of Employee’s Handbook: Completed
• Drafting of Contract Documents and other relevant Legal Documents: In Progress
• Design of The Company’s Logo: Completed
• Graphic Designs and Printing of Packaging Marketing / Promotional Materials: In Progress
• Recruitment of employees: In Progress
• Purchase of the Needed furniture, racks, shelves, computers, electronic appliances, office appliances and CCTV: In Progress
• Creating Official Website for the Company: In Progress
• Creating Awareness for the business both online and around the community: In Progress
• Health and Safety and Fire Safety Arrangement (License): Secured
• Opening party / launching party planning: In Progress
• Compilation of our list of products that will be available in our store: Completed
• Establishing business relationship with vendors – key players in the industry: In Progress

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Poultry farm business plan template + PDF

This guide presents an innovative AI Business Plan Generator template, crafted specifically for entrepreneurs eager to start or scale their poultry farm business. It's important to emphasize that the names and financial projections provided in this example are entirely hypothetical, used solely as instructional aids to smooth the path of your business planning process. These instances are carefully chosen to illustrate how you can customize your own AI-generated Poultry Farm Business Plan, empowering you to overcome challenges and seize opportunities within the poultry farming industry.

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How this poultry farm business plan sample was created

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Poultry farm business plan sample, executive summary, business description, market research and analysis, swot analysis.

• Organizational Structure and Management Team

Products or Services

Marketing and sales strategy, operations plan, financial projections, risk analysis.

Feathered Friends Poultry Farm, nestled in the fertile lands of Springfield, Illinois, presents an innovative and sustainable approach to poultry farming that prioritizes ethical practices, quality produce, and environmental stewardship. Founded by Janet Wilson, an expert with over 15 years of experience in Poultry Science, Feathered Friends has quickly established itself as a beacon of excellence in the agricultural sector. With a dedicated team that includes Operations Manager Tom Hargrave, Chief Veterinarian Dr. Rachel Kim, Marketing Director Lisa Chang, and HR Manager Michael Robbins, the farm is positioned for unprecedented growth and success.

Our farm specializes in a variety of poultry products and services designed to meet the rising demand for healthy, ethically produced food. The range includes fresh cage-free and organic eggs, broiler chickens, specialty birds such as ducks and quails, organic and conventional chicken feed, and live chickens for those interested in backyard poultry farming. This diversification not only allows us to cater to a broad segment of the market but also mitigates risks associated with demand fluctuations in the agricultural industry.

In the heart of our operations lies a commitment to sustainable and humane farming practices. Our production processes are meticulously managed to ensure the highest standards of animal welfare and environmental sustainability. This commitment is reflected in our extensive biosecurity measures, rigorous health checks, and our sustainable waste management practices. Our operational efficiency is enhanced by our strategic distribution channels, encompassing direct sales, B2B relationships, and an expanding online presence, ensuring our premium products reach a wide audience.

Feathered Friends Poultry Farm operates within a growing industry, buoyed by consumer preferences shifting towards healthier and ethically produced food options. With a keen focus on the local and regional markets, including households, eateries, and small-scale grocery stores, we have identified significant growth opportunities. Additionally, our diverse product range and adherence to ethical farming practices provide us with a competitive edge in a market increasingly dominated by concerns about food origin and production methods.

The financial trajectory of Feathered Friends Poultry Farm is promising, with projected revenues set to climb from $500,000 in the first year to $1,100,000 by year five. Our strong revenue forecasts are underpinned by an expanding market presence and operational efficiencies that drive down costs and improve profit margins. Our net profit is expected to grow from $50,000 in the first year to $250,000 by year five, reflecting our strategic investments in infrastructure, marketing, and product development.

However, we are not without our challenges. Potential risks include disease outbreaks, regulatory changes, and market competitions. To mitigate these, we’ve established comprehensive contingency plans, including stringent biosecurity protocols, diversified supplier relationships, and aggressive marketing strategies. Our insurance and legal considerations are designed to safeguard against unforeseen circumstances, ensuring we maintain our growth trajectory.

In conclusion, Feathered Friends Poultry Farm stands at the cusp of significant expansion. Our dedication to quality, innovation, and sustainability positions us as a leader in the industry. As we seek investment to fuel our growth, we invite partners to join us on this journey towards making a tangible impact on food production ethics, environmental sustainability, and community nutrition. At Feathered Friends Poultry Farm, we believe in nurturing the land that feeds us, respecting the creatures in our care, and providing our customers with the highest quality poultry products on the market.

Situated in the heart of Springfield, Illinois, Feathered Friends Poultry Farm stands as a testament to the resilience and innovation within the agricultural sector, specifically the booming poultry industry. As a purveyor of high-quality poultry products, Feathered Friends Poultry Farm has carved out a niche for itself in a market that is increasingly demanding ethically raised, healthy food options. The poultry farm industry, a critical component of the global food supply chain, has witnessed substantial growth, driven by a surge in consumer demand for poultry products due to their health benefits, affordability, and versatility in culinary applications. Feathered Friends Poultry Farm, through its commitment to sustainable farming practices and ethical treatment of animals, is at the forefront of this industry, providing an array of products and services to meet the diverse needs of its clientele.

The history of Feathered Friends Poultry Farm is a story of passion, dedication, and a deep-seated belief in the value of fresh, locally sourced food. Founded five years ago by Janet Wilson, a graduate with a B.Sc. in Poultry Science and 15 years of industry experience, the farm was born out of a desire to offer an alternative to the mass-produced poultry products that dominate the market. From its inception, the farm's purpose has been twofold: to supply the local community with fresh, high-quality poultry products, and to educate consumers on the importance of supporting ethical and sustainable farming practices. This dual focus has driven the company's operations, shaping its approach to everything from animal husbandry to customer service.

The mission statement of Feathered Friends Poultry Farm encapsulates its ethos: "To nourish and enrich lives by providing the highest quality, ethically raised poultry products, fostering a connection between the community and the source of their food." This mission guides every decision made at the farm, ensuring that operations align with the core values of transparency, sustainability, and excellence.

Legally structured as a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Feathered Friends Poultry Farm benefits from the flexibility and protection this form affords. The LLC structure not only shields the owner's personal assets from the farm’s liabilities but also offers tax efficiencies and operational flexibility, critical factors in the volatile world of agricultural business.

Looking to the future, the long-term potential of Feathered Friends Poultry Farm is bright. The global trend towards healthy eating, coupled with a growing awareness of the environmental and ethical implications of food production, is creating vast opportunities for businesses like Feathered Friends Poultry Farm. As consumers increasingly seek out products that align with their values, the demand for ethically produced, high-quality poultry products is expected to grow exponentially.

In meeting this demand, the farm is poised for expansion, with plans to increase its product range, enter new markets, and continue its advocacy for sustainable agriculture. By staying true to its mission and leveraging emerging trends in the industry, Feathered Friends Poultry Farm is on track to not only succeed financially but also make a significant impact on the food system. Through its commitment to excellence, sustainability, and community engagement, Feathered Friends Poultry Farm exemplifies the potential of small businesses to lead the way in creating a more ethical and sustainable future for food production.

The poultry industry represents a vibrant and essential sector of the global food market, characterized by its dynamic trends, substantial size, and robust growth rate. With a keen focus on sustainability and health, the industry is currently experiencing a paradigm shift towards organic and ethically produced poultry products. Market research indicates that the global poultry market is anticipated to grow steadily, propelled by increasing consumer awareness about the health benefits of poultry meat and eggs, as well as a surging demand for protein-rich diets. This sector's resilience and adaptability are evident in its swift response to consumer preferences and global supply chain challenges, ensuring its continued expansion and relevance.

Feathered Friends Poultry Farm’s target market is multifaceted, encompassing local households in search of fresh, high-quality poultry products, regional eateries and restaurants that prioritize farm-to-table offerings, and small-scale grocery stores aiming to cater to health-conscious consumers. This target group is characterized by a demographic that values sustainability, ethics in food production, and quality over price. The size of this target market is substantial and is on an upward trajectory, given the increasing population in Springfield, Illinois, and the surrounding areas. The growth potential within this market segment is significant, fueled by a growing trend in consumer behavior that leans towards supporting local businesses and a preference for products that are perceived as healthier and more natural.

Market needs and demands are evolving, with a clear preference for poultry products that are not only fresh and of high quality but also produced in a way that aligns with ethical and environmental standards. Consumers are increasingly demanding transparency in the production process, animal welfare considerations, and minimal use of antibiotics and hormones. This shift in consumer preferences reflects broader market trends and patterns, including a surge in demand for organic and cage-free options, the popularity of specialty birds such as ducks and quails, and an expanded interest in backyard farming.

Competition within the poultry industry is intense but varies significantly in scale and scope. Feathered Friends Poultry Farm's primary competitors include Cluckin' Fresh Farms, Happy Hens Hatchery, and Barnyard Birds Ltd. Cluckin' Fresh Farms is known for its extensive marketing efforts and broad product range, although it has faced criticism for its animal welfare standards. Happy Hens Hatchery specializes in egg production, with a strong reputation for quality but lacks diversity in its product offerings. Barnyard Birds Ltd. offers a wide array of poultry products but struggles with consistency in product quality. These competitors hold a considerable market share within the regional market; however, their distinct weaknesses present opportunities for Feathered Friends Poultry Farm to capitalize on, particularly in areas of product quality, ethical production practices, and customer engagement.

Potential barriers to entry in the poultry farming industry include the high initial capital investment required for land, infrastructure, and equipment. Additionally, stringent regulations and health safety standards pose significant challenges, necessitating substantial knowledge and adherence to legal requirements. Moreover, establishing a strong supply chain and distribution network is critical for success but can be daunting for newcomers. These barriers, along with the competitive landscape, necessitate a strategic approach to entry and expansion, underscoring the importance of a solid business plan and a clear understanding of the market dynamics.

In conclusion, market research and analysis reveal a promising outlook for Feathered Friends Poultry Farm, given the industry's growth trajectory, the specific needs and trends of the target market, and the competitive landscape. By strategically positioning itself to meet the evolving demands of health-conscious consumers and leveraging its strengths against competitor weaknesses, Feathered Friends Poultry Farm is well-placed to capitalize on the opportunities presented within the burgeoning poultry industry.

Organizational Structure and Management

Feathered Friends Poultry Farm, a Limited Liability Company (LLC) located in Springfield, Illinois, operates with a well-defined organizational structure designed to maximize efficiency and support its strategic objectives. The organizational chart is hierarchical, with the Owner & Director at the top, followed by departmental heads overseeing Operations, Veterinary Care, Marketing, and Human Resources. Each department plays a crucial role in the farm's overall success, working collaboratively while focusing on their specific functions.

The management team is the backbone of Feathered Friends Poultry Farm, consisting of highly skilled professionals committed to the company's mission. Janet Wilson, the Owner & Director, holds a B.Sc. in Poultry Science and brings over 15 years of industry experience. Her leadership and vision steer the farm towards its goals of providing high-quality, ethically produced poultry products. Tom Hargrave, the Operations Manager, with a Diploma in Agricultural Management and 10 years of poultry farm management experience, is responsible for the day-to-day operations, ensuring efficiency and productivity. Chief Veterinarian, Dr. Rachel Kim, a DVM specialized in Avian Medicine, with 8 years in veterinary practice, oversees animal health and welfare, a critical aspect given the farm's commitment to ethical practices. Lisa Chang, the Marketing Director, with an M.A. in Marketing and 5 years in agri-business marketing, develops and implements strategies to promote the farm and its products. Lastly, Michael Robbins, the HR Manager, with a B.A. in Human Resources and 7 years in the agricultural sector, is tasked with managing the farm’s workforce, including recruitment, training, and ensuring workplace safety.

Staffing needs are anticipated to grow as the farm expands its operations and product range. Currently, the farm employs several poultry handlers, maintenance personnel, and office staff. Future staffing requirements include additional poultry handlers to manage increased production, a sales team to grow market presence, and potentially, an in-house nutritionist to innovate feed formulations. This expansion will necessitate structured recruitment processes, comprehensive training programs, and strategies for staff retention, acknowledging the critical role of an engaged and skilled workforce in achieving the farm's objectives.

Human resources policies and practices at Feathered Friends Poultry Farm are designed to create a productive, safe, and inclusive work environment. These include rigorous health and safety protocols, performance-based rewards, and continuous professional development opportunities. The farm commits to fair labor practices, providing competitive wages and benefits, and fosters a culture of respect, teamwork, and transparency.

External advisors and consultants play an integral role in Feathered Friends Poultry Farm’s strategic planning and operational efficiency. The farm engages a veterinary consultant specializing in poultry diseases to complement Dr. Kim’s expertise, ensuring the highest standard of animal health and biosecurity measures. A financial advisor assists with budgeting, financial planning, and identifying investment opportunities, crucial for the farm's sustainability and growth. Additionally, agricultural extension services are utilized for insights into latest farming technologies and practices, which can further improve productivity and environmental sustainability.

In conclusion, the organizational structure and management of Feathered Friends Poultry Farm are crafted to ensure a cohesive and efficient operation that upholds the highest standards of quality and ethics in poultry farming. As the farm grows, its structure, team, and policies will evolve to meet new challenges and opportunities, with a continuous focus on excellence, sustainability, and community engagement.

Feathered Friends Poultry Farm offers a diverse range of poultry products and services designed to meet the growing demand for high-quality, ethically produced food. Our product line includes:

1. Fresh Eggs: We provide both cage-free and organic options to cater to the health-conscious consumer. Our eggs are collected daily, ensuring the freshest product possible. 2. Broiler Chickens: Available as whole birds, individual parts, or prepared cuts, our broiler chickens are raised without the use of antibiotics or growth hormones, guaranteeing a natural and wholesome product. 3. Specialty Birds: Duck and quail offerings diversify our product range, catering to customers looking for alternative poultry options. 4. Chicken Feed: We offer both organic and conventional feed blends, catering to the needs of backyard farmers and commercial poultry operations alike. 5. Live Chickens: For those interested in backyard farming or poultry shows, we sell layers, broilers, and show breeds, all bred for health and vitality.

Our unique selling points and competitive advantages include our commitment to sustainable and ethical farming practices. Unlike many competitors, our products are produced with a focus on animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and support for local economies. We guarantee freshness and quality by controlling every step of the production process, from feed to final product. Our transparency and commitment to these principles have earned us a loyal customer base that values not just the quality of the product but the ethos behind it.

Currently, our products are well-established in the market, with a consistent demand from local households, regional eateries, and small-scale grocery stores. Looking to the future, we plan to expand our product range to include more specialty birds and possibly enter into the organic meat market. We also aim to enhance our offerings with value-added products, such as marinated or pre-cooked poultry, to meet the demands of busy consumers looking for convenience without compromising quality.

In terms of intellectual property status, our brand name "Feathered Friends Poultry Farm" and logo are trademarked, providing brand protection and recognition in the marketplace. While our farming practices and product offerings are not patented, we continually seek innovative techniques and products that could qualify for intellectual property protection to maintain a competitive edge.

The production process at Feathered Friends Poultry Farm is meticulously managed to ensure the highest standards of quality and safety. From breeding to hatching, feeding, and processing, each step is carefully monitored. Our feed is sourced from trusted suppliers, with organic options coming from certified organic grain producers, guaranteeing our chickens' optimal health and growth. We maintain a close relationship with our suppliers, ensuring that all inputs meet our stringent quality and ethical standards.

In conclusion, Feathered Friends Poultry Farm stands out in the poultry market through our commitment to quality, sustainability, and ethical practices. Our diverse product range caters to a broad audience, from health-conscious consumers to culinary enthusiasts and backyard farmers. As we look to the future, we are focused on expanding our product offerings, exploring intellectual property opportunities, and refining our production processes to maintain our competitive edge. Our dedication to excellence and sustainability positions us for continued growth and success in the dynamic poultry industry.

Feathered Friends Poultry Farm's marketing and sales strategy is designed to solidify our presence in the local and regional markets, appeal to our target demographics, and expand our customer base. Our approach combines traditional and digital marketing techniques, a comprehensive sales strategy, competitive pricing, strategic distribution, targeted promotion and advertising, and exemplary customer service policies.

Marketing Strategy

Our marketing strategy focuses on highlighting the unique selling points of Feathered Friends Poultry Farm, specifically our commitment to high-quality, ethically produced poultry products. We plan to utilize a combination of digital marketing, community engagement, and collaborations with local businesses to reach our target market effectively.

- Digital Marketing: Leveraging social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter) to share engaging content that tells the story of our farm, our practices, and the quality of our products. SEO-optimized content marketing through blogs and newsletters will further drive online visibility. - Community Engagement: Participating in local farmers' markets, agricultural shows, and community events to build brand awareness and direct relationships with consumers. - Business Collaborations: Partnering with local restaurants, cafes, and grocery stores to feature our products, creating mutually beneficial relationships that introduce our offerings to new customer segments.

Sales Strategy

Our sales strategy is centered on building and maintaining strong relationships with both direct consumers and business clients.

- Direct Sales: At farmers' markets and through our farm shop, highlighting the freshness and quality of our products in person. We'll employ a knowledgeable sales team who can educate customers about the benefits of our farming practices. - B2B Sales: Developing a dedicated B2B sales team focused on establishing and nurturing relationships with local eateries, restaurants, and retailers. This team will also manage orders, deliveries, and ongoing client support. - Online Sales: Implementing e-commerce capabilities on our website for both local pickup and delivery, making it easier for customers to purchase our products directly.

Pricing Strategy

Our pricing strategy is designed to reflect the premium quality of our products while remaining competitive within the market. We will employ a cost-plus pricing model, ensuring that all costs are covered and a reasonable profit margin is achieved. Seasonal promotions and loyalty discounts for regular customers will be introduced to encourage repeat business and enhance customer loyalty.

Distribution Channels

Distribution channels include direct sales at our farm shop and local farmers' markets, B2B sales to local restaurants and retailers, and online sales through our website. We will also explore partnerships with local delivery services to expand our reach within the region.

Promotion and Advertising Plans

Promotion and advertising efforts will focus on digital marketing campaigns, local print and radio adverts, and sponsorship of community events. Seasonal promotions around holidays and special events will be leveraged to boost sales. Collaborative promotions with local businesses and eateries will help expand our reach. Influencer marketing with local food bloggers and chefs will also be pursued to increase brand visibility and credibility.

Customer Service Policies

Customer satisfaction is paramount at Feathered Friends Poultry Farm. We will implement clear policies ensuring prompt and friendly customer service, easy product returns, and responsive feedback mechanisms. Dedicated customer service personnel will be trained to resolve issues efficiently, ensuring customer experiences that foster loyalty and positive word-of-mouth.

In conclusion, Feathered Friends Poultry Farm's marketing and sales strategy is comprehensive, focusing on building a strong brand presence, establishing meaningful customer relationships, and driving sales through multiple channels. Our commitment to quality, ethics, and customer satisfaction will guide all marketing and sales efforts, positioning us for long-term success in the market.

The Operations Plan for Feathered Friends Poultry Farm outlines the comprehensive workflow and processes designed to ensure efficient daily operations, high-quality production, and effective supply chain management. Our operational strategy is rooted in sustainability, efficiency, and the ethical treatment of our poultry, which are hallmark principles of our farm.

Operational Workflow

Daily operations at Feathered Friends Poultry Farm are divided into several key areas: breeding and hatching, feeding, health care, egg collection, processing, packaging, and sales. The day begins with a thorough inspection of all birds and facilities to ensure health and safety standards are met. This is followed by feeding, egg collection, and routine health checks which are conducted by our skilled farmhands under the supervision of the Operations Manager and Chief Veterinarian. Specific tasks are allocated to team members based on expertise, ensuring the highest level of care and efficiency.

Production or Service Delivery Processes

Our primary services involve the production and sale of fresh eggs, broiler chickens, specialty birds, and chicken feed. Each aspect of production, from breeding to sale, follows a meticulously planned process:

- Breeding and Hatching: Utilizes selective breeding techniques to ensure healthy, productive stock. Eggs are incubated under optimal conditions to maximize hatch rates. - Feeding: Implements a nutritionally balanced regimen carefully formulated for different poultry stages, using organic and conventional feed blends sourced from trusted suppliers. - Health Care: Involves regular veterinary checks, vaccinations, and immediate intervention for any health issues. Biosecurity measures are strictly enforced to prevent disease outbreaks. - Processing and Packaging: For broiler chickens and specialty birds, humane processing is followed by hygienic packaging meeting all regulatory standards for food safety. Eggs are cleaned, graded, and packaged on-site.

Quality Control Measures

Quality control is integral to all farm operations. We conduct regular audits of our practices against industry standards and our ethical policies. All poultry products are subject to stringent quality checks before sale, ensuring they meet health, safety, and quality benchmarks. Feedback loops involving customers and suppliers also contribute to continuous quality improvement.

Inventory Management

Efficient inventory management is crucial to balance supply with demand while minimizing waste. We employ inventory tracking systems for feed, medicines, and packaging materials, ensuring timely reordering to prevent stock-outs. For perishable products like eggs and processed poultry, careful demand forecasting allows us to manage inventory levels effectively, reducing waste.

Supply Chain Management

Our supply chain strategy emphasizes relationships with local suppliers to shorten supply chains, reducing environmental impact and ensuring freshness. We prioritize suppliers who share our values of sustainability and ethical practices, regularly reviewing their performance. For sales, we leverage direct-to-consumer channels, B2B relationships, and online sales, optimizing routes and schedules to maximize efficiency and minimize carbon footprint.

Facilities and Equipment Needs

Feathered Friends Poultry Farm operates from a rural property in Springfield, Illinois, housing breeding facilities, hatcheries, coops, processing units, and storage facilities. Key equipment includes incubators, feeders, waterers, egg collection systems, and processing machinery. Future needs include upgrades to increase automation in egg collection and packaging, improving efficiency and reducing labor costs. An investment in renewable energy solutions like solar panels is planned to reduce environmental impact and operational costs.

In conclusion, the operations plan for Feathered Friends Poultry Farm is designed to ensure smooth daily operations, high-quality production, and effective management of resources. Through meticulous planning, quality control, and sustainable practices, we are committed to delivering ethically produced, high-quality poultry products to our customers.

The Financial Projections section of the business plan for Feathered Friends Poultry Farm is formulated to provide a comprehensive overview of the farm's anticipated financial performance over the next three to five years. The projections include a sales forecast, profit and loss projection, cash flow analysis, balance sheet projection, break-even analysis, and the underlying financial assumptions and considerations that shape these forecasts.

Sales Forecast

Over the next five years, Feathered Friends Poultry Farm is projected to experience a steady increase in sales. This growth is anticipated based on the expansion of product lines, the scaling of production capabilities, and the strengthening of market presence.

- Year 1: $500,000 - Year 2: $600,000 - Year 3: $750,000 - Year 4: $900,000 - Year 5: $1,100,000

This forecast assumes an expanding customer base, successful marketing strategies, and stable market conditions.

Profit and Loss Projection

The Profit and Loss Projection highlights expected revenues, costs of goods sold (COGS), gross margins, operating expenses, and net profit.

- In Year 1, with revenues of $500,000 and COGS at 60% of sales ($300,000), we project a gross margin of 40%. Operating expenses, including salaries, marketing, and administrative costs, are estimated at $100,000, leading to a net profit of $50,000. - By Year 5, as efficiencies improve and the farm scales, we anticipate revenues of $1,100,000, COGS at 55% ($605,000), operating expenses stabilizing at $245,000, and a net profit margin improving significantly to $250,000.

Cash Flow Projection

The Cash Flow Projection outlines the net cash inflows and outflows, providing insight into the farm's liquidity and financial health. Initial capital investments, operational costs, and sales revenues are considered to project cash flow. In the first year, significant investments in facilities and equipment may result in tight cash flow, necessitating a credit line. However, as revenues grow and operational efficiencies are realized, positive cash flow is expected to improve, allowing for the repayment of any initial borrowing and supporting expansion plans.

Balance Sheet Projection

The Balance Sheet Projection for the first five years reflects the farm's assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity. We foresee a steady increase in assets, primarily driven by investments in operational infrastructure and potential land acquisitions. Liabilities, primarily composed of initial loans, are projected to decrease as earnings allow for the repayment of debt. Owner’s equity is expected to grow as reinvested profits increase the value of the farm.

Break-even Analysis

The Break-even Analysis identifies the point at which total revenues equal total costs, signaling where the operation becomes profitable. Given the initial investment in operations and conservative estimation of sales growth, we project to reach the break-even point towards the end of the second year. This analysis is critical for understanding timing for potential reinvestment and loan repayments.

Financial Assumptions and Considerations

- Market Conditions: We assume stable market conditions with moderate inflation. While we have contingency plans for disease outbreaks and supply chain disruptions, major market shifts could impact financial projections. - Operating Efficiencies: Projections are based on anticipated improvements in operating efficiencies as we scale, including reduced per-unit costs and increased margins. - Capital Investments: Assumes initial and ongoing investments in infrastructure are financed through a mix of owner’s equity and external financing. - Revenue Streams: Includes diversification of revenue through direct sales, B2B channels, and online markets to mitigate risks associated with market fluctuations.

In conclusion, the financial projections for Feathered Friends Poultry Farm suggest a robust growth trajectory, supported by strategic investments in infrastructure, market expansion, and operational efficiencies. These projections are based on careful consideration of current market trends, historical financial performance, and prudent financial assumptions. Our financial strategy is designed to ensure sustainability, profitability, and the realization of our long-term goals.

The Risk Analysis section of the business plan for Feathered Friends Poultry Farm comprehensively identifies the potential risks that could impact the operations, finances, and overall success of the farm. This section outlines proactive strategies for risk mitigation, contingency plans for unexpected events, and considerations regarding insurance and legal protections.

Identification of Potential Risks

Market Risks: - Consumer Demand Fluctuations: Changes in consumer preferences or economic downturns could lead to decreased demand for poultry products. - Competition: New or existing competitors could impact market share, especially those offering lower prices or alternative products. - Regulatory Changes: New regulations or changes in agricultural, environmental, or food safety policies could impose additional operational burdens.

Operational Risks: - Disease Outbreaks: Avian influenza or other poultry diseases could significantly disrupt operations. - Supply Chain Disruptions: Issues with feed or equipment suppliers could impact production. - Environmental Risks: Extreme weather conditions, such as droughts or floods, could damage infrastructure or disrupt operations.

Financial Risks: - Price Volatility: Fluctuations in the prices of feed or other key inputs could affect profitability. - Interest Rate Rises: Increases in interest rates could impact the cost of existing or future debt. - Cash Flow Challenges: Significant upfront capital expenditures or unexpected costs could strain cash flow.

Risk Mitigation Strategies

Market Mitigation: - Diverse Product Range: Offering a variety of poultry products can cater to a broader consumer base and adapt to changing tastes. - Marketing and Branding: Strengthening brand recognition and customer loyalty through effective marketing can solidify market position. - Regulatory Compliance: Staying informed of and compliant with all regulations can prevent legal issues and fines.

Operational Mitigation: - Biosecurity Measures: Implementing and strictly adhering to biosecurity practices can prevent disease outbreaks. - Diversified Suppliers: Establishing relationships with multiple suppliers for key inputs can mitigate the impact of supply chain disruptions. - Infrastructure Investments: Investing in weather-resistant infrastructure and emergency preparedness can reduce the impact of environmental risks.

Financial Mitigation: - Cost Control: Regular review of expenses and cost-effective strategies can maintain financial health. - Debt Management: Careful management of debt levels and terms can mitigate the impact of interest rate changes. - Emergency Fund: Maintaining a reserve fund can provide liquidity to address unexpected financial challenges.

Contingency Plans

- Disease Outbreak: In the event of a disease outbreak, an immediate action plan includes quarantine measures, veterinary intervention, and notification to relevant authorities. - Supply Chain Disruption: Contingency contracts with alternative suppliers and maintaining a stockpile of critical inputs can address temporary supply issues. - Financial Shortfalls: Accessing lines of credit or re-evaluating capital expenditures can provide financial flexibility in times of cash flow challenges.

Insurance and Legal Considerations

- Insurance Coverage: Comprehensive insurance policies, including liability, property, and business interruption insurance, can provide financial protection against various risks. - Legal Protections: Employment practices liability insurance (EPLI) and directors and officers (D&O) insurance can protect the farm and its management against legal claims. - Regulatory Compliance: Regularly consulting with legal experts familiar with agricultural law can ensure ongoing compliance with all local, state, and federal regulations.

In summary, while Feathered Friends Poultry Farm faces a range of potential risks, thorough preparation and proactive strategies are in place to mitigate these challenges effectively. By anticipating possible scenarios, establishing robust mitigation measures, and ensuring comprehensive insurance and legal protections, the farm is well-positioned to navigate uncertainties and maintain a trajectory towards growth and success.

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Poultry Farming Business Plan Sample

Published Oct.12, 2016

Updated Apr.23, 2024

By: Cynthia Turner

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Table of Content

Do you want to start a Poultry Farming business plan?

Starting a business in the food sector requires an ambitious plan. For a poultry farm business, a good business plan for poultry farming will be needed to make it successful. 

The primary step to starting this business is to learn how to write a business plan for poultry farming. You can go for food delivery service business plans if the major focus of your startup will be to deliver poultry products. 

However, if you are looking to open a farming business in the poultry sector, reading an organic farm business plan or reading this example is a great start. Just like any other business, you will need to develop a solid business plan for a poultry farm. It can help you get required permits as well as investors in situations of need. Here, we will be presenting the business plan for Chuck’s Produce Farm.

Executive Summary

2.1 about the farm.

Chuck’s Produce Farm will be a poultry farm started by Henry Chuck. The primary objective of the business will be to provide poultry products such as chicken meat and eggs to supermarkets as well as nearby restaurants. 

2.2 How will the Farm be Managed?

According to its Chicken Farming business plan , Chuck’s produce farm will be managed through a detailed plan. The business plan of the poultry farm will include management guides for all aspects of the business, from finances to operations. Henry read through many business plan poultry farming samples to ensure that his chicken poultry farm business plan address all the possible tricky aspects of the business. 

In this business plan online template, we will show you how to make a poultry farm business plan for your business. 

2.3 Customers of Poultry Farming Company

Our customers will primarily be other businesses to whom we will provide our products and services to be transferred to the general public. Thus, our main customer groups will include:

• Supermarket Chains
• Small Produce Businesses 
• Food Factories
• Restaurants 

2.4 Business Target

The target of Chuck’s Produce Farm will be to become the major supplier of poultry products to businesses in and around Dallas. The business will aim to gain at least a 60% share in the local market by the end of the second year. 

The financial targets that the business is aiming to achieve are demonstrated below:

Company Summary

3.1 farm ownership & management.

Henry Chuck will be the owner and primary manager of Chuck’s Produce Farm. He studied biology and biochemistry as a student and then worked with many organizations to manage product dissemination operations. His father had a farm, and it was always his dream to make use of the farm to create an organic business. 

3.2 Why is the Farm Being Started?

Henry noticed that with an increase in the consumption of food, especially poultry products, industries had started to resort to harmful chemicals just to meet demands. He wanted to change the narrative by providing organic and healthy poultry substitutes so that local people could consume poultry products without the added harm of chemicals. 

3.3 Basic Steps to Start Poultry Farm Business

Step1: Refine Your Idea

The first step to the start of anything new is an idea. So, before Henry even thought about how to set up a poultry farm , he needed a basic business idea. Refining the idea before he developed a business plan on poultry farming was a great advantage as it helped him limit the scope of his planning. 

Step2: Develop the Uniqueness 

The next step before writing a poultry farming business plan is to develop the unique areas of your business. Henry used this step as a build-up of the idea. He knew the importance of marketable businesses and products, so he created a brand around the unique propositions of his farm. 

Step3: Location Selection and Permits

Henry already had a location for starting Chuck’s Produce Farm. However, since one cannot start a commercial farm on a whim, he worked to get the required permissions from local authorities. This will allow him to run his business smoothly without any legal complications. 

Step4: Online Presence

Since Henry’s business idea is focused on commercial customers instead of the public, so most of the orders will be in bulk. In order to manage such orders and keep up to date with customers and their demands, Henry decided to invest in the development of an online portal with which his customers could put in orders. Henry also decided to develop social media profiles for his business for a greater audience reach about organic products. 

Step5: Follow the Plan

One cannot learn how to run a poultry business or any other business without dedicating research to a developed plan. After developing the business plan for poultry farm pdf, Henry will follow the guidelines to establish a sustainable farming business.

Services 

When thinking about how start a poultry farming business , Henry zoned in on the services he would be providing to his customers. This helped him filter out what operations needed planning and which ones didn’t. To start a poultry farm business or any other business for that matter, a refined list of marketable products and services is needed. In his small scale poultry farming business plan, Henry decided to add all the services that his produce farm aimed to provide. To learn how to open a poultry farm, you can look at the list of services we are providing in this poultry farm business plan. You can also refer to a cattle farming business plan to understand what scale of services is best to start a business. 

• Chicken and Turkey Products

The first set of products offered by Chuck’s Produce Farm will be chicken and turkey. We will offer clean meat that is processed in different ways. Our customers will be able to buy full chickens or turkeys ready for roast, boneless meat, and so on. 

Chuck’s Produce Farm will also rear chickens for laying eggs. This will be an added facet to Henry’s pdf on poultry farming business plan. The farm will provide these eggs to our customers regularly at a wholesale price. 

• Poultry Rearing Services

The farm will also aid other smaller poultry farms with proper rearing of poultry and chickens for both eggs and meat. In this regard, our farmers will give training sessions and tips to the locals.  

• Chick Shipments

Our last service will be to provide chicks to poultry farms in other parts of the country. This is to promote the development and rearing of own meat and poultry in all parts of the country. This service will help in the sustainable consumption and rearing of poultry in the industry.

Marketing Analysis of Poultry Farming Company

Excellent work.

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Starting a poultry farm business requires the collection and use of a lot of information. No business can be started without knowing about your target market. Whether you are developing a dairy farm business plan or a business plan for a poultry farm pdf, you need to learn about the target market. 

Therefore, Henry decided to do some research into the poultry farm industry when learning how to set up a poultry farm business. He learned that the business plan of poultry farming should include its products and services along with its unique propositions over the market. It should inquire into the previous trends and predicted future trends to invest in operations that are useful in figuring how to establish a poultry farm. 

After looking into the industry, Henry knew the major trends which he decided to utilize in developing his business plan for poultry farm . Through these trends, Henry identified the target customers for his business as presented in the poultry farming business plan template below.

5.1 Market Trends

According to IBISWorld, chicken and turkey meat production has a market share of around $30 Billion in the United States alone. And according to Reportlinker’s “Poultry Global Market Report 2021: COVID-19 Impact and Recovery to 2030” report, the industry has a growth rate of 3.8%. This means there is significant room in the industry for another player like Chuck’s Produce Farms.   

5.2 Marketing Segmentation

The target customers of Chuck’s Produce Farm are as follows:

Business plan for investors

5.2.1 supermarket chains.

Our primary customers will be the supermarket chains in Dallas. We will provide the products for their meat and produce sections. We will also provide eggs and other meat options for these chains. Thus, they will be our indirect link to the public. 

5.2.2 Small Produce Businesses

The second set of customers we expect to serve will be small produce businesses. Smaller businesses have a harder time setting up their operations and properly rearing poultry. Thus, Chuck’s Produce Farm will offer training and shadowing services to these new businesses to promote the production of poultry on a local scale. 

5.2.3 Food Factories

Our third target group of customers will be food factories in the nearby areas that need poultry like chicken and turkey along with eggs to create their products. We expect to have contracts with quite a few of these factories. 

5.2.4 Restaurants

Our final target group will be restaurants in Dallas. Usually, restaurants look for the wholesale rate of poultry products to save expenses. Therefore, Chuck’s Produce Farm will reach out to many restaurants for an exclusive contract to supply organic poultry products.

5.3 Business Target

• To achieve the status as the best organic poultry farm in Dallas.
• Promote the production of clean poultry products across the country.
• To provide chemical-free meat and poultry products to our customers.
• To increase the preference for organic, chemical-free poultry over regular one.

5.4 Product Pricing

Since our products have to compete with industrial products at a commercial level, our prices will be similar to the market competitors. However, at the same price, we will be providing chemical-free products that can be checked for health benefits against competing products.

Marketing Strategy

To write a business plan on poultry farming, Henry ventured to search for his target market. This allowed him to develop a business plan sample for poultry farm that could focus on marketing for these particular customers.

A marketing plan is an essential element of a farming poultry business plan. In fact, it is a very important part of every business plan, whether it is a pig farm business plan or a broiler poultry farming business plan.

Therefore, in this business plan, we are presenting the marketing plan and strategies for Chuck’s Produce Farm.

6.1 Competitive Analysis

• We will provide meat that is free of chemicals usually used to increase the growth rate or size.
• We will offer organic products that stem from proper poultry grooming.
• We will aid local poultry farms and focus on a helping business model.
• We will use organic and eco-friendly feed and products that harm neither the poultry nor its consumers.

6.2 Sales Strategy

• We will offer organic products as compared to the chemically treated ones in the market.
• We will reach contracts with local restaurants and businesses.
• We will advertise through word of mouth and local training and guide sessions held throughout Dallas.

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6.3 sales monthly.

6.4 Sales Yearly

6.5 Sales Forecast

Personnel plan

If you have hen business ideas or something of the like, you may be trying to learn how to start a small poultry farm. Henry had the idea of an organic farm business plan which is how he developed the idea of Chuck’s Produce Farm. To ensure the success of his business, Henry added an employee section in his business plan for a poultry farm . The workforce needed to start Chuck’s Produce Farm can be found below for reference. 

7.1 Company Staff

• 1 Co-Manager to help in overall operations
• 10 Trained Poultry Farmers
• 2 Vets 
• 8 General Cleaners
• 1 Technician to maintain machines
• 3 Sales and Marketing Executives
• 1 Accountant

7.2 Average Salary of Employees

Financial plan.

Starting a poultry farm requires much more than a food idea. It requires consistent effort and planning to maintain the business. In order to develop a successful business plan for poultry farming, Henry put in a significant amount of effort in the financial analysis section. 

To start and run a sustainable business, Henry planned out the costs for different operations of the farm along with expected sales and product prices. This kind of financial analysis is necessary for every business plan, may it be a goat farming business plan . For making a financial plan for your startup, you can follow the example below for guidance.

8.1 Important Assumptions

8.2 break-even analysis.

8.3 Projected Profit and Loss

8.3.1 profit monthly.

8.3.2 Profit Yearly

8.3.3 Gross Margin Monthly

8.3.4 Gross Margin Yearly

8.4 Projected Cash Flow

8.5 Projected Balance Sheet

8.6 business ratios.

• How do I start a poultry farm business plan?

You can start chicken farm by looking at poultry farming business ideas and developing a good business plan like the one above. 

• How much profit does a poultry farm make?

According to ChickenFeedMachinery, a poultry farmer can make up to $2000/month for 300 egg-laying chickens, but it varies from one type of business to the next. 

• Is poultry farming a profitable business?

A poultry farming business can be highly profitable if you have a commercial poultry farm business plan like the one shown above. 

• Which poultry is most profitable?

The success of a poultry business depends more on its management than its type. So, you can download a poultry farm business plan like the one above to sharpen those skills.

Download Poultry Farm Business Plan Sample in pdf

OGSCapital’s team has assisted thousands of entrepreneurs with top-rate business plan development, consultancy and analysis. They’ve helped thousands of SME owners secure more than $1.5 billion in funding, and they can do the same for you.

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Poultry Farm Business Plan Template [Updated 2024]

Poultry Farm Business Plan Template

If you want to start a Poultry Farm or expand your current Poultry Farm, you need a business plan.

The following Poultry Farm business plan template gives you the key elements to include in a winning Poultry Farm business plan.

You can download our Business Plan Template (including a full, customizable financial model) to your computer here.

Below are links to each of the key sections of your Poultry Farm business plan:

Poultry Farm Business Plan Home I. Executive Summary II. Company Overview III. Industry Analysis IV. Customer Analysis V. Competitive Analysis VI. Marketing Plan VII. Operations Plan VIII. Management Team IX. Financial Plan

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Sample Poultry Farming Business Plan

• January 28, 2023

This article provides a sample poultry farming business plan for entrepreneurs with limited knowledge of what a detailed plan should look like.

Do you need to develop a business plan for starting a poultry venture? Here are some areas we’ll be looking into.

• Common Poultry Terminologies
• Poultry Farm’s Equipment

Cost Analyses

• Broiler & Layer’ Feeds & Their Feeding Methods
• Egg Production & Birds’ Mortality Rate
• Your Poultry Farm’s Location
• How to Construct Your Poultry Pen
• How to Brood Your Chicks
• Chickens’ Vaccines
• Poultry Diseases, Causes, and Treatment
• Common Mistakes to Avoid Like Snake
• Poultry Business & Accountability

Poultry Farming BUSINESS PLAN SAMPLE

Most people who are into poultry out there are poultry farmers. You will not be that. You will be a poultry entrepreneur after reading this course.

Let me quickly remind you that this article is solely about chicken, especially layers and broilers.

Though we have so many other poultry birds like turkey, goose, duck, and others, chicken has a huge market demand in your country, and since your goal as a farmer is to make a profit, it’s brilliant that we concentrate our effort on what the market wants.

That’s why we’ll “talk” mainly about chicken in this course.

Not even all chicken, but layers and broilers. We won’t talk about cockerel because it’s not as profitable as broilers could be.

Poultry Commonly Used Terminologies

The following are the basic poultry terminologies you should familiarize yourself with;

• Chicks . This is the term we use for baby
• Layers . These are the chickens that can lay
• Broilers . These are the chickens we grow for meat.
• The pen is the name we call the house we construct for our chicks and chickens.
• Brooding  is used for the first early period of the chick’s life. Usually, between the weeks, there are 14 days for broilers and 5-8 weeks for layers. (More on this later)
• A brooder  is an equipment used to provide supplementary warmth during the early stages of the chicken.
• Feed is a name we use for the food we feed our chicks and chickens
• A breed  is a group of birds that reproduce their likeness in their offspring
• A cage is a housing system where the birds are confined to a wire-netted box.
• Clear eggs  are infertile and cannot be incubated or turned into chicks.
• Deep litter  is the System of housing wherSystemitable material called litter is provided on the poultry house floor for the birds to live on
• Free-Range System  is a system of housing where the birds have a shelter house and access to an outside area during daylight hours.
• A flock  is many birds of the exact origin (genotype) and age and managed in the same.
• Incubation  is the process by which fertile eggs are turned into chicks
• An intensive System is any system of housing poultry where the birds are outdoors all of the time and do not have access to the
• Semi-intensive is a system in which birds have access to a shelter house and the outdoors at the same time
• Layer Cycle  is the period from the onset of laying until the cessation of production of
• Point of laying  is the period a female chicken is about to start laying eggs
• A pullet  is a female chicken in her first laying season
• A spent hen  is a layer that has reached the end of her economic egg-laying
• A thermostat  is a device sensitive to temperature and is usually used to control the operation of temperature-modifying equipment

Do you care about chickens or eggs? If at all I do, it is to eat them.

Rearing, nursing, and having sleepless nights because of birds? Not me, and I am sure you don’t like the idea of coping with the odor and other messes of the poultry farm.

So why are you reading this guide?

Business. Business. Business alone is the reason.

If you and I understand this simple logic, we’ll first consider the business aspect of poultry farming.

Poultry Farming Equipment

Below is some equipment you’ll need as a poultry businessman/woman on your farm.

1.  Feeders

A farmer drops the bird’s food for the chickens in the feeder. It is of different designs.

It is what you see as red in the above picture.

2.  Heater or Brooder

This is the instrument farmers use to regulate the temperature of the poultry farm, especially during brooding (when chickens are tiny) and the rainy season or cold period.

Many farmers use locally versioned heaters (coal or stove) as the brooder could be beyond your budget.

4.  Incubator

An incubator is an electronic machine the hatchers use to hatch fertile eggs.

You don’t need this equipment except you want to go into the hatchery part of the poultry business.

5.  Egg Tray

This equipment is used to set eggs and transport them to the customers.

6.  Water pots or Drinker

This is where the chickens drink from.

7.  Poultry Cages

Cages are used to keep poultry birds.

8.  Protective Clothing

Hair caps, disposable sleeves, boots, and overalls for humans so has to prevent contamination from humans to the birds or from birds to humans

9.  Electricity

Electricity is also essential; either you’ll use government-supplied power, a generator, or locally-made lamps (more on this later)

10.  Good Source of Water

A good water source is needed for your birds as dirty water could lead to sickness and the death of the poultry birds.

Here is it.

You want to know how much you’ll need to raise your birds before they start bringing in returns.

It isn’t meant to start with 1000 birds if all your resources can handle is 500 birds.

It would be best to have an estimate, so you’ll take your pen and paper.

• Do you intend to start your poultry farm in your backyard or on a plot/acre?
• When you went out to ask about the poultry equipment as listed earlier, how much can you get them in your city or vicinity?
• Is there steady electricity, or you may need locally devised lamps for your broilers, who may need light all night (to be discussed later), and for your layers, who need light for just a few hours?
• Is there a good water source near you, or you’ll need a well?
• Do you need labor, and how many of them (Actually, one or two people should be able to care for 1000 birds)? What is the labor cost like in your locality?

After analyzing all these, you’ll move to the main expense: poultry feeds.

Poultry feeds are where the actual expenses lie, so let’s take some time to talk about feeding your chickens, the kinds of feeds you need at a given time, and then the estimated quantity in the section below.

Broilers and Layers Feeds & Their Feeding Methods

Broiler eats far more than layers. They should be eating virtually all around the clock. It’s not really that they will be busy eating every minute, but they should have food around them (always) so they can pick it up at a convenience.

Their heavy eating is because they are expected to grow so fast and be sold (7 or 8 weeks).

Serious farmers light up their pens all night because chickens (either broiler or layers) don’t eat in the dark.

The good news is that these birds can convert almost half of their feeds to meat. For instance, if we feed our broiler 4kg, it could weigh 1.8 kg.

Our broilers need two kinds of feeds at different stages of their lives.

The first is known as the Broiler Starter .

This is the first type of food (feed) they should be given as it’s very rich in protein and other necessary vitamins.

Broiler Starter should be given for the first three weeks of your broilers.

The second type of feed for broilers is called Broiler Finisher. This should be given from week four till your chickens are sold (hopefully at week seven or week 8)

The first feed to be given to your layer is called  Layer Starter or Chicks Smash. Chicks will be given your layers from day 1 to the 8th week.

This feed contains a very high percentage of protein to help them growiquickly rower smash  is to be given from week 8-18

Layer Feed  is the feed that prepares and enables your layers to lay eggs properly. This is to be given starting from week 18th till your layers are spent (tired) and sold.

Layer smash should not be given until your bird reaches week 18. This feed contains calcium that can permanently damage the kidneys, cause kidney stones, reduce lifetime egg production, and shorten the bird’s life span.

The only reason to give Layer feed to your layer is if they have started laying before week 18.

Supplemental Calcium

Ordinarily, your layer feed contains a good quantity of calcium. However, they may need to supply them with additional calcium once in a while as they start laying. This decision could be reached if you’re advised by your veterinary doctor or a nearby expert who thinks the egg production is not as expected.

How to Change Chickens’ Feeds

When it’s time for you to shift from one feed to another, you mustn’t suddenly change your birds’ feeds.

For example, suppose you want to change from Broiler Starter to Grower today. In that case, the best thing to do is to start by mixing the starter and grower in the same quantity, then gradually increasing the starter quantity while reducing the amount of grower.

This is necessary because your chickens will not like a sudden change in their taste in feeds.

How Often Should You Feed Your Birds?

When we talk about broilers, they must have feed in front of them at least 22 hours a day. That means all around the clock.

For the layers, you can feed them three times a day. 6:30 am, 12 pm, and 4 pm should be all right.

Just note that you may have to lighten up the layers’ pen from around 7-9 because they will still be eating till the evening, and as I might have told you before, chickens don’t eat in the dark.

Some people try to avoid lighting the layers’ pen by giving them food at 3 pm. There is no hard rule here, but you should never prevent providing light to the broilers because they must eat so much.

Don’t forget that we were discussing cost analyses.

But I needed to show you how and what you have to feed your chickens, so I will show you how to get the estimate for their feeds.

Now to the rough estimate for the feeds;

If you have seen any poultry feed packs or bags before, you might have noticed that they are in Kilograms (kg).

As I have shared with you earlier, broilers eat much more than layers. To help your estimate,

Layer chicks could be estimated to eat (plus or minus) 4kg of feed in its first ten weeks. By this, I mean a layer bird could eat about 4kg in its first 70 days on your farm.

It could be a little more or less as the quantities of feed chickens eat depend on the weather and whether you’re using a battery cage or a deep litter system.

Your chickens will ordinarily eat more in the cold than in the hot season, and they are likely to eat more in a deep litter system than in the battery cage system as they walk much more around.

Your broilers could be expected to eat about 4kg or more of feeds in their first six weeks.

As your birds grow, their feed consumption grows, too.

From the 6th week, for broilers, they should have been near the time for you to sell them off (just one or two weeks more).

But for the layers, you’re just getting started.

You’ll still have to feed them for about 12 more weeks. As they grow, their feed consumption grows.

By the time they reach the laying stage, each layer could be estimated to be eating 1.5 pounds of feed each week.

That’s about 2kg in three weeks.

I am telling you all these so that you’ll be able to know how to make your estimate.

Should I tell you the price of the feeds?

Thank you for asking.

One day I was reading something on the internet, and I saw the writer writing the price of W= #XXX and the price of K=$YYY.

At a time, I was forced to go and check the date of that post, and behold, he wrote the post, I think, in 2011.

He’s not intelligent.

I cannot tell you the price of feeds and vaccines here because the amount you bought is not what they are selling now in the same city).

The second reason is that the location differs. Some people will read this course from Lagos, while others may read it from Ghana, South Africa, or China.

How do you expect the feed price in Texas to be the same as that of California?

That’s why you must move out and ask questions from the feed and poultry equipment sellers in your town or area.

You have the idea of the above quantity estimate and go out, ask where they are selling poultry feeds in your locality, ask for different feeds I have mentioned earlier, and their prices.

Check the feeds’ bag to see the quantity (in kilograms), and then come back home to do your math and the estimate.

After your cost estimate, plus the revenue (as analyzed earlier), you should be able to come up with good answers to these questions;

• With your present capital or resources, how many layer or broiler birds can you conveniently raise?
• In the long run, how much could your profit be?

These facts and figures are what will give you confidence.

After discussing the importance of cost analyses and the different kinds of feeds you need for your chickens, let’s go into two other essential things you must understand about poultry farming, which will help your cost estimate and general knowledge about the excellent poultry business…

Egg Production & Birds’  Mortality Rate

Here, let’s talk about the nature of chickens’ egg-laying and the death rate, otherwise called the mortality rate.

Some people ignorantly assume that layers’ of birds lay an egg every day, so whenever these people want to start a poultry business, they estimate within themselves and say, “If I can raise 1,000 layer birds, after 18 or 20 weeks, I will be getting 1,000 eggs every day from my poultry farm.”

They have committed two blunders here.

One is the assumption that all the birds will remain alive until the point of laying. The second blunder is the assumption that every laying bird lays an egg daily.

Here is the truth.

Some of your birds will die, and the remaining ones will not give you 900 eggs daily (if they are 900 birds).

The mortality rate is in humans, so it’s ordinary in animals, including included. If people die (even young), should we hope that chickens will not die?

Our concern is that we have to reduce the mortality rate of your birds to the barest minimum.

The best mortality rate is between 5-10% per annum.

If you start with 1000 chicks on your farm, losing 50-80 in a year does not mean you’re doing something wrong. It’s normal.

Another thing to note is that the mortality rate is higher in broilers breed than in layers. The reason is that layer birds are more robust.

In all, the mortality rate is not something to be afraid of. It’s something to prepare for and work hard to reduce (by doing things taught in this course)

Egg Production

As said earlier, 100-layer birds cannot produce 100 eggs daily. As analyzed by some experts, this is that chickens don’t lay an egg every 24 hours. Instead, they lay every 26 hours.

Some people believe that some chickens lie every day while others lie every two days.

We may not be able to tell which theory is correct, but we know that you cannot get the exact number of eggs from the number of chickens you have.

The best estimate is between 80-85% daily egg productivity. That means if you have 1000 laying birds on your farm, you could pick between 800-850 eggs daily.

That’s around 28 crates of eggs. Multiply 28 by the amount they are selling. Create an egg in your locality, and you’ll see something. Deducting that from the cost of layers’ feed and labor, you can see where the profit lies.

After discussing the egg production and the mortality rate, let’s take a moment to talk about it.

Your Farm’s Location

Just as humans need where to live and lay their heads, birds need a place to call their home.

First, you might have noticed that most poultry farms you know are not near residential apartments.

The reasons are simple: odor, noise, and water pollution.

The primary reason poultry farms are usually not allowed by the government to be near residential apartments is the poultry odor resulting from the chicken droppings (feces).

The other reason is because of the noise. Chickens make a lot of noise, and the third reason you can’t site your (primary) poultry farm near a residential apartment is possible water pollution.

Note that I mentioned the “major” poultry farm above. You could, of course, have your poultry’s pen (house) in your backyard, especially if you have a large backyard and you’re starting with just a few birds.

However, that can only work with a few tens of birds.

You’ll have to construct your poultry pen on the city’s outskirts or town for a medium to large-scale poultry farm.

One of the silly mistakes you must avoid is having your central poultry farm in your backyard and then having your brooding pen (where little chicken is kept) just by the side of your layers’ pen while you manage the two together.

This could affect the day-old chickens and lead to a significant loss. (We’ll discuss more on this later)

If you plan to start in your backyard, consider how poultry pens should be constructed and other precautions we’ll discuss in the next chapter.

A few things to consider while choosing where to locate your central poultry farm are;

The Cost of Land

Especially when you’re just starting, you may not be able to afford an acre of land in some locations near Lagos or a major city in your country, so you’ll have to consider the cost of land in your intended location vs. your budget.

Second,  Nearness to Your Intending Market

You don’t want to locate your farm where it will take a vehicle to travel 10 hours before they deliver your ready-for-market broilers to the buyers or before the wholesale egg buyers will get to your farm.

Chickens’ predators

Predators are those other animals or insects that feed on or find pleasure in hurting or killing chickens—E.g., hawks, raccoons, foxes, snakes, soldier ants, dogs, etc.

While chicken predators are everywhere, certain places are more violent and brutal to control predators, so you may not locate your farm in such areas.

After discussing the appropriate location for your farm, let’s discuss how your bird’s pens (houses) should be constructed.

How to Construct Your Poultry’s Pens (Chickens’ House)

To start with, there are three standard poultry housing systems. The first and the oldest is the Free Range System .

Chickens can access an ample, non-confined open space in this housing system.

They walk freely around and (in addition to the feed they’re given) pick up insects and other things they could eat on the floor.

A hindrance to this housing system is that it requires ample land space, and the chickens are exposed to predators like Brother Hawk and others.

A system similar to the one mentioned above is a semi-intensive system. Here, the birds have a confined pen and an open space to live.

The third type of housing system is probably the most common for commercial poultry farmers.

It’s called Intensive System.

In this System, our poultSystemds are confined into a specially built pen. They cannot go beyond the pen.

However, even using this pen, we still have two options.

First, we can use a battery system inside our pen. In this case, our birds are to live inside a specially built cage.

The cages you’re seeing above have been designed so that where the birds feed, where they’re dropping, and where eggs will go have all been designed with it. Automatic drinkers could also be easily fixed.

The battery cage system has been proven to be the best for egg production. Because the birds don’t have much space to roam about, they convert more feeds to eggs.

That’s not to say that the second option is terrible. We can also use the deep litter System.

You can system chickens on the floor of your pen. Here, your birds are not confined in cages, so they can quickly move around. The floor is covered with sawdust or straw.

A strong net is built around each of the pens. Tarps can be hung around the net fence. Depending on the design, that could easily be rolled up (or from up to down) when there is cold or rain. It’s needed, especially when your chickens are still small (at the brooding stage).

However, when they grow to pass the brooding stage, they become more robust and have big feathers, so cold should not be their problem anymore (except when it is extreme).

The roofing sheets should not be metal sheets.

The reason is that metal sheets cause heat, and excessive heat could kill your birds or reduce their egg’s productivity.

The best roofing sheet to use for poultry farms is Asbestos or Thatch-roof. They both can hold heat instead of releasing it like a metal sheet.

The brooding pen and layers (or grown-up broilers’) pens are slightly different in that while constructing your brooding pen (where your day-old, young chickens will live), you have to consider cold.

Before I show you how you must build your pens, let me clarify that, though a standard poultry farm must have two or more pens, there is no crime in starting small.

You could construct a simple brooding pen (the house for your chicks and day-old chickens) and convert it to a layers’ pen when they become “adults.”

Having understood this, let me explain how you must build those pens to get the best for your chickens and maximize your profit.

Brooding Pen

This is where you will house your chicks from the first day you get them to your farm until they become “adults.”

The ideal way to build this pen is to construct two simple blocks around your intended brooding location, then use Tarpaulin (and wood) to cover the remaining space.

The brooding stage of your broiler chicken is about two to three weeks, while it may take 6 to 7 weeks for layers to be brooded.

Now, about layers or “adult” broilers’ pens.

This could be a little simpler. You could build two blocks (as of broodings pen). You could then cover up the remaining space with a net (strong net, not mosquito’s net. Lol) or wood.

As mentioned earlier, the roofing sheet must not be constructed with light iron or metal roofing sheets. Instead, with Asbestos or Thatch-roof

Please Note:

Your broodings’ pen must not be built near the broilers’ or layers’ pen.

The first reason is that your chicks cannot withstand the odor from the layers or broilers’ pens.

The other reason is that layers or broilers could be carriers of certain germs that, though they could do them no harm, can quickly kill the chicks.

After some time, when your farm has grown and you have chicks and layers, you must have SEPARATE staff to deal with them.

Your workers working with the layers’ pen must not be entering your broodings’ pen, and those in broodings’ pen too must not be entering the layers’ pen, so they won’t carry germs from the layers’ pen and infect your chicks.

Brooding Your Chickens

When you order for the chicks you want to raise, either layers or broilers, to be delivered to your farm, the very first days or weeks of the birds on your farm are called the brooding stage.

The brooding period for broilers could be plus or minus 14 days, while the brooding period for layers could be between 5-7 weeks (depending on the weather situation in your locality)

The reason why the brooding period for the broilers is lower is that those birds called broilers grow very fast.

The brooding period of your chickens is the most important and delicate, for the apparent reason.

The most difficult and most crucial time in your poultry business is at the brooding stage. The mortality rate (death rate) is higher for the chicks than the grown-up chickens.

That’s common sense. As humans, babies are much more likely to die of fewer diseases or infections than adults.

That’s why some farmers prefer to go for grown-up chickens already at the point of laying (chickens already about to lay eggs).

This may seem wise because you’ll avoid so many headaches of “nursing” day-olds, but it could be risky because you never can tell how those chickens were brought up.

Just as it’s in humans, the early stage of your chicken’s life is critical. Anything wrong (maybe inappropriate feeding or care) will affect their growth and productivity as “adults.”

Now you can see what I am saying.

If you go ahead and buy chicken at the point of laying, you won’t know its foundation, and if its foundation has been faulty, what can the righteous (you) do?

Have I told you before that your chicks have to be taken care of just like your newborn baby?

Ok. Just reminding you

Just like your newborn baby, they need food, water, vaccines, and drugs whenever they are sick (detail later)

Another essential thing they need is protection from cold and excessive heat.

Protecting them from cold temperatures would be best because they are still young, fragile, and without big feathers.

At the brooding stage, day and night, you have to warm your pen with a charcoal pot, stove, or other electrical poultry brooders (if you can afford them).

Warming their pen day and night will continue until they are grown up (broilers 14 days and layers 5-7 weeks).

If you’re using artificial means to generate heat in your brooding pen, you must make sure your charcoal or stove is “fenced” with something like a wire that will prevent your chicks from being burnt.

The number of charcoal or stoves to be used depends on how many your chicks are (common sense).

If God blesses your area with constant electricity, you must light up your brooding pen all night. Congrats! If not, you may have some bright rechargeable or big local lamps.

One of the reasons why you should light up your chicks’ pen at the brooding stage is to prevent them from a stampede.

Stampede is when birds step on each other and get wounded or die.

This is more likely when they are still young, and they see anything (like a lizard) in the dark, with fear they may run and step on each other, get wounded, and die.

While cold temperature is the biggest enemy of your chicks, there are some other big “enemies” you must pay good attention to.

Quality of the Air

Your young birds need heat, but that doesn’t mean your brooding pen must be closed. Fresh air should have its way, and there should be cross ventilation.

Good feed and clean water

As it is for other chickens of other ages, your little chickens must be given good water and feed.

Prevent Stampede!

As said earlier, a stampede is when chickens run over and step on each other. This could lead to injury and death of your birds.

To prevent this from happening, first, always enter your pens gently. When you or any of your workers rush into your pens, the chickens may run away (usually to the building’s edges) and step or lie on each other. The result may be injury or death.

Second, you may put some sacks together at each pen’s edge. This way, when your birds run to the edge of your pen, they won’t be wounded because the sacks will “bounce” them back.

Poultry Vaccines

Chicken’s Vaccine is the substance given to stimulate chickens’ body’s production of antibodies and provide immunity against diseases.

As humans, we have various kinds of immunization programs where different vaccines are administered to our children at different ages to prevent their health from certain diseases (polio, etc.)

The same applies to the chickens. From the very first day, certain vaccines must be administered to the chicken.

Vaccine for day 1 of the chicken’s life: Marek’s  Disease Vaccine .

This Vaccine must be given to the chicks the day they are hatched. This Vaccine should have been administered by the hatchery where you got your chicks, even before buying them.

Once the chicks leave the incubator, this Vaccine is no longer as effective as it should be, so it has to be administered in the incubator.

The Vaccine is to prevent Marek’s disease tumors and paralysis Newcastle Disease Vaccine.

This Vaccine should be given within 10 and 35 days of the chicken and repeated every three months to maintain a sufficient level of immunity for your birds against Newcastle Disease.

This Vaccine could be given through your birds’ drinking water or as an eye/nose drop.

Infectious Bronchitis Vaccine

This Vaccine could be given within days 10-35 of your birds. It’s often combined with the above Vaccine (Newcastle).

Fowl Cholera Vaccine is another vaccine that should be administered only when you have or suspect cholera on your farm or a nearby farm.

Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine ;

This is usually for layers’ birds. To be administered on the 14th day of your birds (or as advised by your vet doctor). This is also to be repeated on the 28th day. It could be administered through drinking water.

Other poultry vaccines can be administered whenever a disease is suspected or heard in the neighboring farm or town.

Your vet doctor or consultant will be of great help in guiding you about when to administer some of these vaccines and how to go about them, even the emergency ones (if need be).

Infectious Laryngotracheitis Vaccine, Inactivated Newcastle-Bronchitis, Laryngotracheitis Fowlpox AE, etc., are the vaccines chickens may need as the need arises for them.

How can you get these vaccines?

This is very easy.

This is one of your primary tasks (as explained in the earlier chapter). Just move out and ask any poultry-related materials or feed sellers in your area about where you can find these vaccines in your locality.

They are not scarce. Just ask people, and you’ll be directed.

Don’t just buy vaccines! Make friends. Talk with people. Ask them questions about your locality’s poultry business, feeds, and vaccines.

How and in what quantity will you administer poultry vaccines?

On each Vaccine, there are prescriptions and precautions (just as when you buy the drug in a chemist’s shop). Read those instructions to know how to use them and in what quantity.

Also, note the expiring dates on the vaccines. Just like our drugs, poultry vaccines have expiring dates.

Don’t kill your chickens with expiring vaccines. Other things to take note of about vaccines are;

• Don’t vaccinate sick birds (except in the case of outbreaks of laryngotracheitis or fowlpox). Vaccination is not to heal sickness; it’s to prevent it, so when a bird is sick, a vet doctor needs to prescribe the drug to
• Just like other sensitive drugs, prevent the vaccines from heat or sun
• Use only as recommended because misapplication of vaccines can lead to disease outbreaks or the death of birds.
• When vaccinating your birds, it’s advisable to vaccinate all of them at a time, as few chickens left unvaccinated could spread whatever disease is hidden in them to the already vaccinated birds.
• After vaccination, burn or disinfect all opened containers to prevent accidental spread to other poultry. This is because…
• Most vaccines are living, disease-producing agents themselves. Handle them with care.

Poultry Diseases, Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

A disease is an investment for any poultry farmer, so you must understand fundamental things about poultry diseases and their prevention.

I said “some” because trying to mention ALL the poultry diseases may be an impossible adventure.

There are so many bird diseases because there are too many human diseases.

The following are the four significant types of poultry diseases;

• Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases . These are the diseases caused by a disturbance of normal metabolic functions either through a genetic defect, inadequate or inappropriate
• Infectious Diseases are usually contagious diseases caused by an invasion of a host by a pathogen, which subsequently grows and multiplies in the
• Parasitic Diseases  are infections with a parasitic organism
• Behavioral Diseases  are the abnormal behavioral patterns that can lead to injury or ill health of abnormally behaving birds or their companions

All of the poultry diseases could be categorized into the above four categories.

So, let’s see one or two common poultry diseases.

Common Poultry Diseases

As said earlier, there are as many diseases for birds and animals as for humans.

However, humans can list some common illnesses (e.g., malaria, headache, stomachache, cancer, etc.), so are there some common poultry diseases?

Below are some of them;

• Diarrhea . Diarrhea is a common poultry disease that shows symptoms through white or greenish, loose droppings (feces). It can be caused by cold, dampness, dirty surroundings, and unclean food. When you notice any of your birds sick with Diarrhea, quickly separate them into a dry, warm pen. If you have a veterinary doctor nearby, promptly give him a call. If not, contact any experienced farmer or consultant and explain the symptoms. They can come to your farm to see things and know what is wrong. It may be Diarrhea or something different, so we cannot tell.
• Roup (Coryza) . Roup is caused by cold, overcrowding, etc, and could spread through drinking water or feed. The symptoms could be sneezing and watery discharge, which can later turn to white and yellowish foam from the eyes or nostrils. It can also lead to Diarrhea.
• Liver trouble . Liver trouble is not. It’s an ailment that affects mainly older birds. This disease is caused by too little mobility (exercise) by the birds.

We can go on and on to mention numerous poultry diseases like Ambloidosis, Ascites, Avian Rhinotracheitis, Biting Lice, Breast Blister, Caecal Worm, Cellulitis, Chicken Anaemia, Cropworms, Favus, Fowl Cholera, Gizzard worms, etc., those big grammars will not do you any good.

Instead, you can be better if I give you two deep secrets.

First, work hard on prevention. Prevention is not just better than cure; it’s cheaper and more manageable.

Second, since you might want to employ someone or two with your poultry farm, why can’t you work hard to employ someone with at least three years of experience in a poultry farm?

This will help you in a lot of ways. This person you bring in will come with knowledge and experience (including the knowledge to detect the sick bird and understand various symptoms), and nothing can help you like that.

How to Prevent Poultry Diseases

• Pay attention to proper sanitation practices. Daily wash the feeders and drinkers. Always clean all your equipment with appropriate disinfectants (Dettol, etc.)
• Minimize or eliminate the introduction of new chickens to your flock because they could be carriers of some germs or
• Limit visitors’ entrance to your farm, and if they must enter, let there be disinfectants at the entrance of your farm where everyone going into your pen (including you) will wash their hands and fits. (For example, disinfectant is a bowl of water in which you’ll put anti-germ chemicals like Dettol and Izal)
• Quarantine unhealthy chicken as quickly as possible. By this, I mean that you should separate any chicken suspected to be sick into an isolated

This should be done to prevent the spreading of the diseases among the flock.

• Vaccinate Chicken at the appropriate time. When a new set of chickens just came into your farm, when they are transported out and back in, there is a need to vaccinate the flock. To vaccinate is to give your chicken the required Vaccine.
• Watch out for unhealthy chicken. You must inspect your farm daily and see how your chickens are doing. When one or two of them are not

healthy, it’s better you know on time. Since you understand how your birds live and behave on good days, it’s not too difficult to tell if one of them is sick.

If you can master all we have explained so far, you shouldn’t have much to worry about.

Now let’s see common mistakes you have to avoid in the poultry farming business;

Common Poultry Farmers’ Mistakes

• Locating brood too close to rearers housing house for an older pen

I have said this before. Your brooding house (where your day-old chicks live) must not be too close to the rearing or layers pen.

Some people with ample land space give a space of three electric poles, while others locate the brooding pen in an entirely different location.

• Housing chickens of different ages together

This sounds foolish when you look at the nature of chickens. How can a younger chicken cope when the time comes for it to struggle with the older ones to eat?

Don’t you know that chickens (like humans) do fight? How can younger chickens cope when the older and stronger ones step on them (stampede)?

This is one of the reasons why some ignorant farmers lose their investments.

• Housing layers and broilers together.
• You are mixing chickens from different hatcheries together in the same pen.

Even if they are similar (i.e., layers), they shouldn’t be in the same pen together if they are from different hatcheries.

Because their foundation is different, and they may not grow or be fruitful alike.

• They are buying chickens from “quack” hatcheries.

Some people hawk chicks all around the town. Some are hatchers by mere name. You must not buy your chickens just anywhere because there are meticulous processes the professional hatchers have to go through to hatch eggs.

If these processes are left out or omitted because of ignorance, they will tell for the rest of the chickens’ lives. How do you know a good incubator?

Ask the farmers in your vicinity. If they prove problematic to approach, ask the poultry feed sellers. They will be friendlier with you (because they want to sell you feeds)

• Overcrowding.

I met with a man a few days ago, and he was sharing his experience in some places in Lagos, where 7 to 12 people could be sleeping in a single room.

That’s called overcrowding.

It’s affecting their health, but because there is no alternative, “man must live.”

However, in the case of birds, “birds can die”.

When they are still day old, chickens could be hundreds in a pen, but as they grow up, you’ll have to be spacing them because that pen may not be conducive for them any longer.

Your pens can never be too big, but they can be too small.

• Bad litter management

It would be best if you had a place on your farm where you pack the birds’ feces. This could be a hole at a distance or something similar.

• Assuming that all will be well all the time or estimating that all layers will lay an egg every day

This may sound not very optimistic, but you see, nobody smiles all the time. No known method will keep all your chickens alive. Some will die. If you have 500 layers, you cannot get 500 eggs every day.

I have explained this earlier.

Some layers may not lay eggs, while some lay every 26 hours. If you think about that, you’ll know why you cannot pick 500 eggs from 500 layers.

• Underestimating Predators.

Predators, as explained earlier, are the enemies of your chicken. Some want to eat them, while others love to hurt them for fun—hawks, Raccoons, Foxes, snakes, soldier ants, and others. If you don’t keep the environment of your farm very clean and well-guided, any of these predators can come at the time you least expect them.

For instance, soldier ants will not notify you of their plan to visit your farm, nor will snakes. Even your Bingo dog could “joyfully” hurt your chickens when you’re not around if your farm is so loose.

Don’t underestimate predators. Prevent them from coming nearby, making your farm’s surroundings clean and protected.

• They do not know when the chickens are uncomfortable and how to attend to them .
• I am using Metal Roofing for poultry pens. As mentioned earlier, this causes heat, affecting egg productivity and the birds’ health.
• We are not preventing stampede.

I have explained this earlier. Take note. Stampede kills human beings (as strong as we are). Imagine how much effect that could have on the fragile chickens.

• I am going all alone.

Don’t go all alone. Make friends and relate with poultry farmers in your locality. Have some experienced people (one or two) who you can call anytime and ask questions.

If possible (a must for an authentic farm), have a veterinarian. Anything can happen at any time. He might have to diagnose to see what is wrong with some unwell birds.

Let me warn you: DON’T GO ALL ALONE.

If some of these professionals and consultants require a certain fee, instead of negotiating the cost, they go alone without it.

You may want to save 100 dollars and lose 1,000 dollars.

Introduction to Poultry Farming Business Proposal

Because of the importance of this document to the success of your poultry farm, you need to put in your very best effort to produce a good plan, as it can determine the success of your venture.

Sample Poultry Farm Project Proposal Plan

This free poultry farming BUSINESS PLAN SAMPLE provides the necessary support, and developing one is essential to success in the poultry business.

Writing a business plan for your new or existing poultry business can never be underestimated. It provides more assessment of your venture and is a core requirement for obtaining loans and grants from investors.

Unless you have your intentions for your poultry farming business written down, you might miss an opportunity to communicate them to someone else or clarify things for yourself.

Whether starting or expanding a poultry business, writing a business plan will help you understand what you want to do and how you will do it.

Most emerging poultry farmers must use loans or grants when starting their businesses.

To access these, you must write a business plan and submit it to your prospective financier or grant officer.

SAMPLE PRODUCTION POULTRY BUSINESS PLAN EXAMPLE

It is essential for a business that wants to make an impact and be successful to have a business plan. This planning guide is an internal document accessible to only a few organization members.

Any venture that plans to succeed should invest efforts at developing a comprehensive business plan that captures every aspect of the business.

A business plan provides the necessary support for the company to succeed in its industry.

In writing a business plan, it is paramount that you know the format to follow and, better still, follow a sample in writing yours to avoid wasting time, effort, money, and resources.

Therefore, I will use this post to give a business plan for a poultry farming business, which can be used as a guide or sample in writing.

I will go directly to the business plan since you should already know the details of the business, that is, how to start and manage it well.

EXAMPLE OF A POULTRY BUSINESS PLAN

• Executive Summary
• Business Overview
• Vision Statement
• Mission Statement
• Marketing Strategy
• Business Requirements
• Cash Flow Analysis

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Raising poultry birds involves the production of broiler meat and chicken eggs. It’s one lucrative and broad industry that has attracted millions of investors. Niches-related poultry farming include

• setting up an incubator
• raising broilers
• egg production through layer birds
• marketing and distribution of table eggs
• the output of poultry farm equipment like drinkers, feeders, debeakers, etc.
• sales of poultry vaccines, drugs, feeds, and supplements
• feed mill operation
• the construction of poultry pen and battery cage installation

This facility will only produce layer birds to prevent an overlap of ideas due to the limited resources available. This means that Goody Poultry Farm might decide to bring in more ideas in the future.

In the first year of production, the farm is expected to produce about 60 crates of eggs daily and generate more than 1 million in revenue. Spent layers should be sold at the end of a year of laying, and the money should be used to get replacement birds.

The business has decided to collaborate with experts and investors because the business involves bringing together all available industrial facilities that a single company might be unable to provide.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW The most popular form of poultry farming is layer production because egg consumption cuts across all nations. There are different niches in the poultry business. These include broiler, layer, quail ,  turkey , ostrich, geese, and duck production.

Because of these various forms, focusing on one aspect and then adding other elements with time is advisable. This is one industry with great potential.

The main things that serve as hindrances in this industry are high-interest rates, lack of electricity, absence of credit, high product costs, and so on. The demand for day-old chicks , eggs, and broiler meat remains very high.

VISION STATEMENT Goody Poultry Farm’s vision is to facilitate the production of safe and hygienic chicken eggs, provide jobs for the unemployed, and generate wealth for those who invest in our projects.

MISSION STATEMENT Our mission is to develop a mechanized poultry business that is efficient and profitable in the long run. We hope to grow the venture into a standard project that is professionally managed.

MARKETING STRATEGY Goody Poultry Farm will as a marketing strategy employ a marketer at total capacity, the marketer will be employed to sell the eggs produced on the farm from one egg depot to another. Through this marketing activity, many clientele bases will be created.

To make the marketing more manageable and efficient, we will allocate a date for all our customers so each customer will have a day when they will be supplied eggs, either by picking them up or having them delivered at a price.

Also, adverts will be placed on several online media sites, which will serve as a marketing form.

BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS The poultry business will need several pieces of equipment and tools for the smooth management of the business, and they include:

• A shop in town will be needed to serve as the warehouse and egg depot, this helps in reducing the number of people who go to the farm which in turn reduces the risk of a break of security and bio-security.
• Semi-automatic  battery cages of good quality  will be purchased and installed for the birds.
• Other equipment needed for the business are feed (grower mash and layer mash) , point of lay, different medications, and vaccinations.

CASH FLOW ANALYSIS The market has been surveyed to determine the cash flow level of the industry. This helps in knowing if the poultry business is worthwhile or not.

Analysis has shown that positive net cash balances are realized at the end of the second year the chicken farm started, indicating profitability in the industry .

Also, generating a net return in the first year of production may not be possible due to the large capital requirements. Still, subsequently, the farm would break even, generating significant profit.

CONCLUSION You have been equipped with all it takes to write a solid business plan for your poultry farm.

Here is the link to  download our practical poultry production manual.

So start by creating a counter-strategy to tackle these challenges, and success will be yours. This is one of the best articles that can be converted into a  planning guide on poultry farming.

Do you need a  poultry farming business plan with a 3-year financial plan to apply for funding?

Contact us .

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National Avian On-Farm Biosecurity Standard (second edition)

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National Avian On-Farm Biosecurity Standard (second edition) (PDF – 1,094 kb)

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About this document, national avian on-farm biosecurity standard, development of this document, self-evaluation checklist, who is this document for.

The National Avian On-Farm Biosecurity Standard forms the basis of a comprehensive voluntary program designed to provide applicable guidance for owners or managers of all poultry production types in Canada. It has been developed as a tool for all people and businesses handling and keeping poultry, including large-scale supply-managed producers, backyard flock owners and other domestic bird keepers.

This On-Farm Biosecurity Standard is supplemented by a General Producer Guide that provides guidance to producers on how the Target Outcomes may be achieved.

The Standard and associated Producer Guide are designed to support poultry producers in the development of farm-specific biosecurity plans that do not already participate in a provincial association or On-Farm Food Safety (OFFS) program (such as the non- regulated commercial and non-commercial poultry industry). They have also been designed to be complementary with, and enhance, existing On-Farm Programs.

The OFFS programs developed by industry formally address many of the elements of biosecurity and will be the primary avenue for implementation where OFFS programs exist.

This program is based on clear, scientifically justified principles. It details a range of measures intended to prevent disease-causing agents from entering or leaving a premises housing poultry.

Product on the Canadian market originates from both domestic and imported suppliers. Regardless of the source, the same standards should, ideally, apply to the production of all products being sold in Canada.

Why is biosecurity important

There is no standard definition of the word Biosecurity, but it has become the accepted term used to describe the measures needed to protect against the introduction and spread of diseases.

It is in every poultry keeper's best interest to ensure that they are aware of the risks and do what they can to limit the chances of disease developing or spreading.

Birds that are infected with a pathogen may or may not show clinical signs of disease. However infected birds can shed the organism (through their feces, through aerosols, urates and other bodily fluids) into the environment. If disease is left unchecked, other birds can become infected and the organism can accumulate in the environment.

Chronically infected birds/flocks provide an opportunity for the organism to replicate and in some cases undergo genetic changes. These changes may make the organism less or more likely to cause disease in birds, other animals and humans.

Because pathogenic organisms are microscopic, they are not visible to the naked eye. Despite this, they can be found in large numbers in visible material such as: dust, water droplets suspended in the air, and fecal contamination. An infective dose of pathogenic organisms can be contained in a particle of dust. Such a small amount of contaminated material can be hidden on equipment, clothing, footwear, or hands, allowing the disease to be carried from one flock to another.

Disease outbreaks both in Canada and overseas clearly demonstrate the serious impact that avian diseases can have on business, individual livelihoods and local communities. The impact may range from the destruction of tens of thousands of poultry and multi-million dollar losses, to the cancellation of poultry shows and temporary restrictions on the movements of animals, products and by-products. The period during which emergency controls are in place may vary depending on how rapidly a disease can be successfully controlled.

Some diseases, known as zoonoses, (for example those caused by organisms such as Salmonella ) can infect both poultry and humans. Good biosecurity is therefore an important element in the prevention of human illnesses.

Everybody who keeps poultry must share responsibility for protecting their business or hobby by reducing the risks associated with the spread of diseases.

An effective biosecurity program is based on the understanding and the vigorous application of the adopted measures to ensure exclusion (preventing introduction of the disease) and containment (when introduced, preventing disease from spreading).When a component of the program has a weakness, or where biosecurity measures are not fully implemented, it provides a route by which disease might enter the flock or remain undetected within the flock.

The clear benefits from practicing good biosecurity include the following:

• having healthy poultry
• minimizing the potential for significant costs and losses in revenue
• protecting human health
• protecting the health of wild birds by containing poultry diseases that might affect them
• protecting your ability to move poultry and poultry products without restriction
• protecting other industries such as feed suppliers
• protecting export markets

The Avian Biosecurity Advisory Committee (ABAC) was created with a membership of representatives from all potential users of this document. The committee identified areas of practical effective controls using an objective, impartial science-based approach.

A technical sub-committee derived six main principles and associated recommendations for biosecurity measures. (See Annex A.)

These principles:

• focus on prevention of avian influenza and other disease spread through respiratory transmission (other types of disease transmission were also included within the review)
• address gaps in existing On-Farm Food Safety systems
• are based on scientific analysis of efficacy
• have a high level of cost benefit return to encourage compliance
• are applicable to any level of poultry production
• are readily auditable

Utilizing a science-based risk and cost/benefit analysis, background work for this standard identified and prioritized those biosecurity interventions with the greatest impact on reduction of risk of spread of contagious disease.

How should this document be used

With such a broad target audience not all of these principles will be applicable or practical for every situation. Keeping this in mind, the National Avian On-Farm Biosecurity Standard has been organized into three sections representing the foundations of a smoothly operating biosecurity system. These are defined as:

• Access Management
• Animal Management
• Operational Management

Each of the three foundation sections is further divided into subsections and Target Outcomes.

Each Target Outcome represents a goal that all keepers of poultry, regardless of the size of their flock, should try to implement to protect their flocks from introduction and spread of avian diseases.

The National Avian On-Farm Biosecurity Standard is the main document. Each section is summarized, listing the Target Outcomes with a brief explanatory text. It is supported by a second document, the General Producer Guide to the National Avian On-Farm Biosecurity Standard.

The General Producer Guide has been developed, with significant contributions from representatives of the different poultry production types, as an information resource to assist poultry producers when developing biosecurity plans for their farming operations. It demonstrates the flexibility required for a variable and complex poultry industry. To that end, the General Producer Guide is not a full and complete listing of all examples that can be used to meet the Target Outcomes. Other "Guide" documents with more production type-specific producer guidance can be developed in the future.

Every keeper of poultry should focus on achieving a level of control in each of the components on their property. However, for those who are new to the concept of biosecurity, those with limited resources, or where it is not practical or applicable to fully achieve each of the target outcomes, the guideline document will provide a set of examples of measures that can be taken to meet the Target Outcomes.

Near the beginning of the document, there is a Glossary providing definitions of certain terms used within the text.

At the end of the document is the original document developed by ABAC , "Main Principles and Associated Recommendations," which has been used as the basis for this standard.

A self-evaluation checklist is also included which can be used to quickly record the Target Outcomes being effectively controlled and those that need further action.

Biosecurity: a cycle of activities

The implementation of biosecurity principles on a farm or facility can be viewed as a cycle of activities which includes:

• assessing the biosecurity risks
• developing a plan that addresses the risks
• implementing biosecurity measures and procedures
• monitoring flock health, keeping records of illnesses and treatments, and gathering disease and pest information to evaluate the plan and identify new risks
• reassessing the risks and responses on an on-going basis to ensure continuous improvement

Figure 1 is an illustration of the cycle of activities that should be completed to develop and implement a biosecurity plan. The cycle of biosecurity activities has four items in the centre with arrows pointing between them in clockwise direction. The first item at the top of the cycle is Assess. Moving clockwise, the second item is Plan, the third item is Implement and the fourth item is Monitor. There is a text box by each of these items in the cycle (four in total). Above the word Assess there is a box with the following text: Identify and evaluate on an on-going basis the risks posed by diseases and pests that are a threat to your farm or facility. To the right of the word Plan there is a box with the following text inside: Develop a written biosecurity plan to address the risks – this allows for the regular review and update, facilitates continuous improvement within the farm or facility, and forms the basis for training. Below the word Implement is a text box with the following text inside: Implement the biosecurity measures that were identified in the plan to address the disease and pest risks. To the left of the word Monitor is a text box with the following text: Develop and implement a surveillance program for ongoing monitoring of disease to evaluate the plan and the early detection and identification of disease.

Assess: The risks posed by the introduction of pests and diseases that threaten flock health on your farm are identified and evaluated in consideration of the components of a biosecurity plan. The identification and evaluation of risks will allow for current biosecurity issues within a farm to be addressed.

Plan and implement: A written on-farm or facility biosecurity plan is highly recommended, regardless of the size or type of facility. A written plan allows for regular review and update, facilitates implementation and continuous improvement within the operation, and forms the base for training.

Monitor and reassess: It is important that the design, effectiveness and implementation of a biosecurity plan be assessed not only on a routine basis but also when changes in farm practices or biosecurity issues occur. Production practices should be reviewed frequently to ensure that implemented measures are effective in relation to pest and disease prevention and control.

Developing your farm biosecurity plan

Developing a farm biosecurity plan involves achieving the right balance between disease risk and prevention. Your biosecurity plan will be unique to address the specific risks to your farm and production activities. Work with your veterinarian and industry experts on developing a plan.

Step 1: Prepare a diagram of the farm

Create a detailed farm diagram and identify potential pathways for disease and pest transmission from people, equipment, vehicles, and wildlife that can transmit disease.

Step 2: Identify the risks

Identify the poultry diseases that are concerns and how they are transmitted. Consider:

• diseases that have previously occurred on the property, those present in the local poultry population, and endemic to the region
• the health of poultry flocks from which new or replacement poultry are sourced
• diseases present in the wild bird population including both resident and migratory birds

Step 3: Review management practices and complete the self-assessment tool in the Producer Guide

Many poultry management practices pose some degree of biosecurity risk. Identify your daily care and management practices and any less frequent activities (for example vaccination and repair services) that might result in the transmission of pathogens. Review your farm diagram – does your farm design and layout and your management practices affect your ability to manage disease risks?

Complete the biosecurity self-assessment provided in the biosecurity guide. Identify areas where biosecurity practices are being effectively managed and those where improvements can be made.

Step 4: Identify biosecurity goals and best practices

Using the biosecurity standard and guide, identify biosecurity goals and best practices that can be implemented to address the biosecurity gaps.

Step 5: Develop an implementation strategy

While all biosecurity risks need to be addressed, some will be more critical than others. Prioritize the biosecurity tasks and establish a timeline for their completion.

Step 6: Review the effectiveness of the biosecurity plan and continuous improvement

The effectiveness of the biosecurity plan is measured by the adoption of its biosecurity practices, their integration into daily routines and the impact to the health status of flock. When necessary, design and implement improvements to the biosecurity plan.

Principles of disease transmission

Understanding the basis of infectious disease is necessary for their prevention and control. Infectious diseases in poultry result from a complex interaction of three factors referred to as the disease triad:

• an animal that is susceptible to disease (the host)
• a pathogen such as a bacterium, virus, fungus or parasite capable of causing disease (the agent)
• an opportunity for the host and agent to come into contact (the environment)

This diagram illustrates the relationship between a bird (the host), a pathogen (the agent), and the environment. Disease may occur when a susceptible animal, a pathogen, and an environment favourable for disease development are present and there is sufficient time for exposure and then multiplication of the agent in the animal. There are many factors that influence whether disease will occur including the health of the animal, adequate nutrition, external stresses, the number of pathogens present and the ability of the pathogen to cause disease. No one element is responsible for the expression of the disease. It is the interaction of the 3 elements (the presence of a pathogen, a susceptible host and the environmental conditions) that determine whether it tips the scale to favour the expression of a disease.

 The image has both a left and a right margin. Below the left margin is a title. The text reads: Impact on host by stressors (summation of agent and environment). To the left of the left margin is an arrow, that gets wider as it runs from the top to the point at the bottom. On the left margin is a scale from. From top to bottom the text reads: Negligible, Low, Medium, High.

Below the right margin is a title. The text reads: When disease is expressed. On the right margin is a scale. The text reads from top to bottom: Diseased, Healthy, Diseased is further divided, from top to bottom as Clinical Disease, Subclinical Disease. These are indicated by three vertical co-linear coloured lines: red (clinical disease, top), yellow (sub-clinical disease, bottom) and green (healthy, bottom).

In the centre of the image is a triangle pointed upwards serving as a fulcrum on which is balanced a double ended red dotted arrow running from bottom left margin (High) to top right (Clinical Disease).

The cumulative impact of potential stressors (such as exposure to pathogens, changes in social structure, inadequate nutrition, poor ventilation, and significant light and temperature changes) on poultry over a period of time can overwhelm their ability to resist infection resulting in disease. The disease may be sub-clinical (poultry are infected yet appear healthy) or clinical (poultry are infected and appear sick) depending on the degree of the impact of the stressors, characteristics of the disease agent and the health status of poultry prior to exposure.

Three broad approaches to prevent and control infectious diseases include:

• decreasing exposure of animals to pathogens : Preventing contact between animals and pathogens can prevent infection and disease from occurring. If exposure does occur, there must be a sufficient number of viable organisms (an infectious dose) that can bypass the animal's defence systems and then multiply to cause disease. Many of the biosecurity practices focus on reducing exposure, including separating healthy animals from animals that are sick or of undetermined health, minimizing contact with contaminated equipment, managing insects and pests that may transmit pathogens and cleaning and disinfecting equipment.
• decreasing susceptibility of animals to disease: There are factors that can be managed to reduce susceptibility to disease including: providing proper nutrition, managing underlying disease, reducing stress, implementing effective parasite control, and the appropriate use of antibiotics and other medications. There are other factors that affect an animal's susceptibility to disease that cannot be influenced to a significant degree such as age and genetics.
• increasing resistance to disease : Vaccination is the primary method used to improve resistance to certain, specific infectious diseases.

A level of biosecurity to be practiced to mitigate for situations where recommended practices cannot be followed ( i.e. recommended may be an "all in/all out" system). Where this is not possible ( i.e. as in the case of a multi-age premises) additional biosecurity precautions need to be implemented.

An area or room that immediately precedes the Restricted Access Zone (RAZ) and provides a transition from the Controlled Access Zone (CAZ).

When used in reference to chemicals such as rodenticides, means approved by the appropriate regulatory authority for the specific usage mentioned in the text.

Any structure that encloses poultry flocks including sheds, runs, etc.

A management practice, technique or technology that, when adopted, results in improvement and increased sustainability of the operation.

A risk reduction program that conforms to Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) national standards and is designed to prevent and control the introduction and spread of pathogens.

Visually defined entry point(s) through which all traffic, such as workers, equipment, feed trucks, etc. will enter the Controlled Access Zone (CAZ) and/or the Restricted Access Zone (RAZ).

The area of land and buildings constituting the poultry production area of the premises that is accessible through a securable controlled access point.

Free of any visible accumulation of organic matter and debris or other residues.

Any material that may be capable of harbouring disease-causing organisms or pests such as discarded equipment or machinery, manure, dead poultry or parts of dead poultry, egg white, egg yolk, egg shells, feathers and soil.

The application of a physical or chemical process to a surface for the purpose of destroying or inhibiting the activity of disease-causing micro-organisms.

A period of time between flocks, starting with a barn or flock area being emptied of poultry and ending with the placement of new poultry. It allows for the natural reduction in numbers of disease-causing micro-organisms within the barn or flock area. The effective period can be reduced by cleaning and disinfecting at the beginning of the period.

Diseases that are constantly present within a region or population.

At times when a disease outbreak is suspected on the premises or has been identified in the vicinity, extra biosecurity measures may be required and increased emphasis placed on existing biosecurity procedures.

A person who enters the Restricted Access Zone (RAZ), and has a necessary role in the farm operation, other than personnel concerned with day-to-day poultry production on the premises. Visitors include veterinarians, service and delivery people, suppliers and regulators.

Infectious diseases that normally do not occur in the country either because they have never been present there or because they were eradicated and then kept out by government control measures or agricultural practices.

A group of poultry managed as a distinct population.

Area/range that unconfined (outdoor) poultry occupy.

Any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms. This may include but is not limited to equipment, farm vehicles and articles of clothing or shoes.

A secure fastening device that requires a key, code or key fob to open.

People and their equipment who do not require access to the Controlled Access Zone (CAZ) and Restricted Access Zone (RAZ). These include but are not limited to guests, friends and family.

Capable of causing disease.

Biological agents, such as a bacteria or virus which have the potential to cause diseases.

Includes insects, spiders, ticks, rodents, wild birds and other animals that pose a nuisance to poultry.

Suitable for drinking.

All birds reared or kept in captivity for breeding, the production of eggs or meat for consumption, for production of other commercial products, for restocking supplies of game birds or for breeding these categories of birds.

Specialized clothing and equipment worn by an individual to provide a protective barrier against exposure and injury from chemical, physical or biological hazards. Personal protective equipment also reduces the transmission of pathogens to poultry from contaminated clothing, equipment and dirty hands.

A parcel of land with a continuous property boundary and defined by a legal land description or, in its absence, by geo-referenced coordinates, on which or on any part of which poultry are grown, kept, assembled or disposed of.

Examples and beneficial practices to facilitate achievement of the standard.

A code of conduct or defined procedure to be followed.

A disease that must be immediately reported to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). Reportable diseases in poultry are Notifiable Avian Influenza, Newcastle Disease (velogenic), Pullorum Disease ( Salmonella pullorum ), and Fowl Typhoid ( Salmonella gallinarum ). These diseases are also "Foreign Animal Diseases" in Canada.

An area inside the Controlled Access Zone (CAZ) that is used, or intended to be used, to house poultry including semi-confined and range production and where personnel and equipment access is more restricted than the CAZ . The RAZ is sometimes referred to as the Production Area or Restricted Area (RA) in other poultry production documents and guides.

Sexually mature male poultry introduced into a breeding flock in order to maintain fertility by boosting mating frequency.

Documented procedure based on generally accepted good practices that describe in detail the steps followed to meet an objective (for example a SOP that details the barn cleaning and disinfection procedure).

The goal that all keepers of poultry, regardless of the size of their flock, should aim for if they are to protect their flocks from the introduction and spread of avian diseases.

The following basic biological principles are the foundation of the national avian on-farm biosecurity standard described in this document that result in an effective Biosecurity program.

Pathogens are controlled through implemented biosecurity practices that try to ensure what is inside stays in and what is outside stays out.

Why does biosecurity work

• Access to the "inside" is restricted with the establishment of zones. Visual and/or physical boundaries are created that define the premises buffer zone or "Control Access Zone" (CAZ) and the internal production/housing area or "Restricted Access Zone" (RAZ). Movement of people/animals/equipment/materials across these zone boundaries is controlled.
• Good biosecurity practices break the cycle of infection pressure (flock flock). These include spatial breaks (distance/segregation/isolation), temporal breaks (sequencing/downtime) and physical breaks (cleaning/disinfection). Monitoring the health status of your flock and reacting to early signs of disease facilitates breaking the cycle of infection and allows biosecurity practices to be scaled up.
• Good biosecurity reduces carriage across zone boundaries such as biosecurity procedures for mortality & manure management that reduce the opportunities for organisms to get "out". Procedures involving cleaning, wearing appropriate clothing or personal protective equipment, the use of a clean source of inputs and pest control reduce the opportunities for organisms to get "in" and reduce contact between "in" and "out".

A General Producer Guide has also been developed and is presented in a separate document. The Producer Guide is an information resource to assist poultry producers when developing biosecurity plans for their farming operations. It provides current information on a variety of beneficial biosecurity practices as examples of different approaches producers could take in order to meet the target outcomes of the biosecurity standard.

Section 1 Access Management

1.1 designation of zones.

Access to/exit from the barn, flock area and premises is controlled through the establishment of protective zones and controlled access points.

1.1.1 Target Outcome

Recognizable zones and controlled access points are in place.

It is important to ensure that everyone who works/lives on a premises or comes onto a premises for any purpose is clear about where they are allowed to go. This is best achieved by setting up protective zones around the areas where poultry are kept or handled. For these zones to be effective, they need to be visible or defined and have clearly identified access points.

The best approach is to create two zones:

• An outer area commonly referred to as a Controlled Access Zone (CAZ) which encompasses the entire area where poultry are kept or handled.
• An inner more restricted area where poultry are housed or intended to be housed, located inside the CAZ , to which access is more tightly controlled. For the purposes of this document it will be referred to as the Restricted Access Zone (RAZ) . The RAZ is also referred to as the Production Area or Restricted Area (RA) in other poultry production documents and guides. The RAZ may include the inside of a barn, a barn and range area, pasture and any other area identified by the producer as requiring an elevated biosecurity level.

Controlled access points (CAPs):

• are established to manage access to the CAZ and the RAZ
• should provide or lead to an area that is equipped with supplies for conducting the biosecurity requirements (for example designed to facilitate hand washing, change of clothes and boots)

Examples of CAPs are a gate to the CAZ and the door of a poultry barn or a gate to an outdoor range that can be secured.

To provide the necessary space and infrastructure for implementing the biosecurity procedures:

• ante-rooms (preferably) or transition areas should be established at the CAP for entering the RAZ , particularly when barns/buildings are present, and when renovating and/or building new barns
• a transition area should be established at the CAP for entering the RAZ of range and pasture production. The transition area should provide: a hard surface that can be kept clean, storage for biosecurity clothing and materials and space to perform biosecurity procedures including the ability to sanitize hands

Transition areas need not be elaborate or complex. Concrete pavers or a gravel surface and totes for biosecurity supplies such as clothing, boots and hand sanitizer may be sufficient for some flocks.

1.1.2 Target Outcome

Visual indicators are in place to define the Controlled Access Zone (CAZ) and Restricted Access Zone (RAZ).

Having put the zones and access points in place it is essential that they be easily identified. This can normally be achieved with a combination of signs and barriers.

Whatever method is used, a key factor is the ability to ensure regular access to the CAZ can be closed /blocked if needed.

It is important to have a physical or visual barrier separating the CAZ from the RAZ at which point additional measures such as footwear changing and hand cleaning can take place. This can be in an enclosed area or anteroom which can be kept clean and prevent access by pests and other animals. Transition areas as described in Section 1.1.1 can be used for moving between the CAZ and RAZ of range/pasture production.

1.2 Entry/Movement/Exit Controls

1.2.1 target outcome.

People working on the premises are knowledgeable of and understand the importance of and rationale behind the CAZ , RAZ and CAPs .

Owners or keepers of poultry need to ensure that everyone understands not only where and what the zones are but also the reason why the zones are in place. This requires communication, training and supervision of people on the premises. See sections 3.6.1 and 3.6.2

People who understand the purpose of a biosecurity measure are more likely to adopt the practice as part of their daily routine and ensure that any contractors or visitors coming onto the premises abide by these measures.

It is important that the same knowledge is shared with family members, people who are on the premises but do not work with poultry, and any temporary workers.

1.2.2 Target Outcome

Access to the CAZ and RAZ is controlled by appropriate measures and routine procedures. Tools/equipment/facilities necessary to accomplish the established procedures are available, functional and maintained for their required purpose.

Diseases can be brought in or spread on clothing, footwear, hands, vehicle tires or dirty equipment. To minimize these risks every premises needs to have clearly defined control measures in place for accessing the CAZ and RAZ .

• Restrict access to the CAZ by establishing a CAP . The CAP is the clearly defined entry point that can be closed with a barrier. This barrier may include a gate, chain or other device. Restricted entry is communicated through biosecurity signage
• Control access to the RAZ through a physical barrier which may include an ante-room, transition area, a barn door or gate and appropriate signage. Controlling access to this area is critical as this is where diseases can be stopped from gaining access to the flock or being transmitted from the flock to other flocks
• Limit access to the CAZ and the RAZ to essential personnel and service providers required for flock production
• Accompany visitors when entry to the premises is required
• Provide facilities, equipment and materials to sanitize hands, and clean and disinfect footwear and equipment, and perform clothing and boot changes as necessary between zones based on the established routine biosecurity protocols for daily operations
• Establish biosecurity procedures for entry of personnel and essential visitors based on the relative risks of disease transmission
• Maintain a visitor log

Maintain a visitor log. Record movements on and off the premises or at the level of the RAZ .

Requiring visitors to sign in provides the opportunity for evaluating visitor biosecurity risks and discussing biosecurity requirements for access to the site or at the level of the flock. Additionally, knowing who has been on the premises provides the information necessary to follow up and identify other potentially infected premises quickly. Ideally where people have been and where they are going next. The faster the disease is contained, the quicker producers and industry can get back to business.

The best way to ensure that everyone understands the requirements is to have written instructions that clearly describe the steps to be followed for access to the CAZ and RAZ . This provides a consistent template for communication and training. Refer to the farm diagram, created during the development of a biosecurity plan, when discussing biosecurity requirements. Elements of a farm diagram may include a map of the property and locations of:

• premises boundaries
• farm buildings (barns, equipment, miscellaneous etc. ), flock areas, CAZ (s), RAZ (s), CAP (s)
• office, parking
• feed, feed supplements and bedding storage
• manure/compost storage
• mortality storage
• water treatment and inline medicators
• other areas as necessary

Section 2 Animal Health Management

2.1 animal introduction/movement/removal, 2.1.1 target outcome.

Each placement or removal of poultry is recorded and carried out with appropriate scheduling, isolation or segregation to minimize the introduction or spread of disease. People, equipment and vehicles are managed to ensure they do not pose a risk of introducing or spreading disease.

Every time poultry are moved onto or from the premises, or between barns/flock areas, there are associated risks for the introduction and spread of infectious diseases. It is therefore important to schedule these movements to keep risks to a minimum.

Proper scheduling:

• enables the segregation or isolation of poultry or flocks within individual barn units/flock areas
• regulates traffic flow within and between premises
• may reduce the risks associated with activities such as catching or placement of new poultry that occur in close proximity to the resident flock when live poultry will remain on the premises

People catching or placing poultry, where live birds remain, should wear clean clothing and boots prior to entering the RAZ .

As outlined in the Poultry Service Industry Biosecurity Guide , service sector personnel are responsible for being aware of and complying with the producer's site-specific biosecurity plan or adhering to their company's biosecurity standards if higher than those requested by the producer.

Movements should be planned and recorded so, if an infectious disease is suspected, flocks can be quickly traced and isolated if required.

"All in/all out" placement of single-age poultry within the barns/flock areas presents the least risk. Under this system a new flock is introduced into a barn/flock area or premises within a short time frame. Facilities are emptied, cleaned and disinfected or otherwise managed to reduce pathogen load (for example barn heating, litter treatment and downtime) before the introduction of the next flock.

In flocks where "all in/all out" placement does not apply, the risks are greater and additional precautions are needed as outlined in target outcome 2.1.3.

It is important that all new poultry brought onto the premises are from a source that has an active disease surveillance and risk mitigation program in place:

• source poultry from a hatchery that operates under a disease control program or from flocks that have current health records and no evidence of infectious disease
• ensure that poultry introductions have equivalent health status and vaccination history (levels) as resident flocks

Poultry that are to be introduced into barns with multi-age flocks should be kept separate for a quarantine period before introduction. Consult your veterinarian or poultry specialist to identify an appropriate time period.

2.1.2 Target Outcome

The downtime between flocks is optimized in each barn/flock area.

Downtime is a period of time that starts with a barn/flock area being emptied of poultry and ends with the placement of new poultry. The period allows for the natural reduction in numbers of disease-causing micro-organisms (pathogens) within the barn/flock area.

Downtime between flocks within a barn or flock area should be maximized to allow adequate time for this pathogen reduction to occur.

Pathogen load is reduced in the absence of a host. The longer a barn or flock area is left empty between flocks, the less likely it is that disease organisms will remain a threat. Pathogen load is also significantly reduced with the removal of organic material and a thorough cleaning and disinfection process. Cleaning and disinfection surfaces poultry come into frequent contact with is particularly important as well as surfaces that pose a risk for residual contamination including: barn walls and flooring, waterers, feeders, heaters, ventilation systems (fans) and equipment used for cleaning and disinfection. It is important to prevent re-contamination of the barn/flock area following barn cleanout (cleaning and disinfection) and prior to placing poultry. When a full cleaning and disinfection is not performed other strategies to manage pathogen loads can be used including heating barns and treating litter.

To be effective, the whole barn or flock area should be clearly separated from other barns or flock areas (that still contain live poultry). This could potentially include adjoining barns between which there is a shared service area such as an egg packing room. If so, the egg packing room should be included in the cleaning process at the same time as the barn that has been emptied.

If there is not a break between flocks, or barns/flock areas are not emptied of poultry, an effective downtime should occur at least once a year as a minimum. If annual downtime is not performed, additional precautions should be taken as detailed in target outcome 2.1.3

2.1.3 Target Outcome

More stringent additional biosecurity measures are implemented either at the barn, flock area or premises level where "all in/all out" scheduling and downtime is not practical.

Where "all in/all out" scheduling or maximized downtime as per section 2.1.2 is not possible, particular and constant focus on the application and enforcement of daily in-barn or flock area biosecurity procedures for both farm personnel and visitors is warranted.

Additional biosecurity measures are required to mitigate the potential disease risks from movements ( e.g. poultry, people, equipment and vehicles) between premises and/or barns and flock areas within a premises. This is particularly important on farms with multi-age flocks, multi-species premises, and when there are new introductions and/or returning birds to allow for the separation/quarantining of poultry that are to be added to an existing flock and for the maintenance and hygiene of barns that contain multi-age flocks.

Critical areas include:

• managing and controlling access to RAZ
• ensuring clothing and footwear cleaning and disinfection or changes when entering and leaving the RAZ
• hand sanitation
• managing traffic flow and scheduling of activities on the site

2.2 Ongoing Monitoring of Health Status and Response

Know the health status of the flock and be prepared to react.

In order to recognize an important disease condition and effect appropriate and prompt action, it is critical to know the disease status of the flock. In the event of a reportable disease, early diagnosis and disease surveillance is critical in order to contain the pathogen.

2.2.1 Target Outcome

Individuals who monitor poultry are knowledgeable and experienced in monitoring flock health, the recognition of disease conditions, and timely response protocols.

It is not expected that keepers of poultry or their staff will be able to identify the signs of specific diseases. The diagnosis of diseases should be left to veterinarians and laboratories.

However, it is important that personnel are suitably experienced or trained in order to be able to identify any changes in behaviour, appearance, mortality patterns or productivity within the flock that may indicate an infectious disease is present.

If deviations from the norms are identified, people must know what actions to take and within what time frame. Early intervention reduces the size and scope of a disease event, reducing the number of infected poultry, the pathogen load in the barn/flock area/environment, and opportunities for pathogens to be carried from the site.

2.2.2 Target Outcome

Daily procedures for observation, and culling if necessary, are followed.

Early detection is vital to prevent the spread of disease, so a minimum of a daily walk through the flock is essential. This gives the opportunity to identify poultry that are demonstrating abnormal behaviour or signs of sickness.

Increase flock monitoring after higher risk activities such as placements, and vaccination crew or catching crew visits, and following higher risk periods such as seasonal risks ( e.g. migratory birds close to the farm) and during local outbreaks.

The advantage of this approach is that sick poultry can be culled and removed from the flock and signs of disease can be spotted before increased mortality and decreased feed or water consumption are apparent. It will also ensure that all mortalities are removed from the flock daily.

Euthanasia and biosecurity considerations

Procedures for managing birds that are sick are in place to ensure their welfare while minimizing the risk of disease transmission. The NFACC Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Hatching Eggs, Breeders, Chickens and Turkeys (June 2016), requires that "sick or injured birds and birds that exhibit obvious signs of pain must be promptly treated or euthanized Footnote 1 by competent personnel". The code indicates that "To alleviate pain and suffering when there is no reasonable prospect for recovery, euthanasia of birds is necessary".

Similarly, the NFACC Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Pullets and Laying Hens (2017) indicates: "sick or injured birds that are suffering and unlikely to recover must be euthanized without delay".

Wearing appropriate personnel protective equipment while performing the euthanasia of sick poultry can minimize contamination of clothing and hands, exposure of personnel and reduce the transmission of pathogens within and between flocks.

Assign trained personnel to euthanize poultry and securely store and transport the poultry to the storage and disposal area as per section 3.1.2 or securely package for submission to a diagnostic laboratory as per section 2.2.4

Following euthanasia of sick poultry, it is a best practice that all equipment used during this procedure be cleaned and disinfected and personnel should wash their hands and don clean PPE before returning to other duties.

2.2.3 Target Outcome

A daily mortality log is maintained for each flock.

Mortality records are a key tool in assessing the health of a flock. The keeping of records on a daily basis allows for the tracking of mortality numbers by day, establishment, or production cycles. A steady or sudden increase in mortality numbers is a clear indication that an infectious disease may be present.

Ideally mortality records should be cross-checked with feed and water consumption and/or production records to aid in the identification of causes of increased mortalities.

2.2.4 Target Outcome

Unusual morbidity or mortality triggers contact with a veterinarian and disease diagnosis action. Suspicion of diseases that are contagious, of economic importance, or reportable, triggers a "disease response plan" that provides guidance to individuals on the appropriate procedures to follow.

If record-keeping and/or observation indicates that the numbers of mortalities and culls are unusually high or carcasses have unusual signs of disease, or if significant factors such as a noteworthy drop in feed and/or water consumption or in production are identified, veterinary advice should be sought.

If an infectious disease is suspected or officially diagnosed, keepers of poultry and staff should have an action plan in place so the necessary procedures can be followed without confusion or delay.

Measures may include self-quarantine and an enhancement of routine biosecurity procedures.

Critical components of a disease response plan and self-quarantine include :

• obtaining a veterinary diagnosis
• informing farm personnel and service providers of the situation
• strictly controlling and restricting farm and flock access to only those people necessary for animal care and wellbeing
• temporarily halting the movement of poultry, eggs, manure, culled birds, and mortality and postponing deliveries
• performing enhanced biosecurity procedures including cleaning and disinfecting all equipment and performing clothing, boot changes, and hand washing on entry and exit to the CAZ and RAZ
• initiating treatment and communicating disease information/diagnosis as necessary to appropriate parties: ( e.g. poultry boards and government)
• continuing to practice enhanced biosecurity and flock monitoring as per veterinary advice post diagnosis until the situation resolves
• contacting a federal veterinarian in the event of a suspected reportable disease

Collection of carcasses and/or samples for diagnostic purposes

Selection and submission of relevant samples is important to ensure that they provide the best possible information to assist in obtaining a disease diagnosis. Any movement of potentially infected birds or samples from birds to a diagnostic laboratory must prevent contamination of the samples and the potential transmission of pathogens off site.

• Contact your veterinarian to request a flock health inspection to obtain a tentative diagnosis. If samples are required for further diagnostic evaluation, request your veterinarian to collect and submit samples to a diagnostic laboratory. Your veterinarian will know what samples are required and the procedures for collecting and submitting
• If your veterinarian is unavailable or you have been instructed to submit samples, contact the laboratory to obtain the sample submission protocols and submission forms
• Consider submitting blood, swabs or tissues from live and recent mortality to reduce the risk of transmitting disease; the samples can provide good diagnostic value for certain diseases and be easily packaged for transport

Section 3 Operational Management

3.1 mortality and manure management.

Procedures for waste management are present on each premises.

Mortality Management

3.1.1 target outcome.

Daily procedures are followed with respect to dead poultry including collection and removal from the RAZ .

Effective mortality management procedures should include an action plan that directs the day-to-day handling of dead poultry found on the premises.

An infectious disease may be introduced into the flock without any clinical signs becoming apparent during its early incubation period. Low pathogenic diseases that result in no discernible or mild clinical signs may be present.

Assume any dead poultry (including sick birds which have been culled) could be infected with a pathogen. Handle appropriately to ensure that any potential pathogens are not spread beyond first the barn/flock area and then the premises level.

• Mortality that is not immediately removed from the RAZ , should be contained in leakproof, containers that prevent access by pests and poultry until removal at the end of the day
• To minimize potential exposure and spread of disease, people collecting mortality should wash and sanitize hands before resuming other activities within a barn/flock area. When there are concerns of zoonotic disease, disposable gloves are recommended
• It is a best practice to change PPE (for example boots and outer clothing) when moving between zones to minimize common contact between zones. This is particularly important when moving between barns or re-entering a barn following mortality collection and removal from the RAZ
• a leakproof pail or tote with a tight fitting lid
• a labelled, closed cart designated for this purpose
• a plastic leakproof bag

3.1.2 Target Outcome

A dead poultry storage system, which protects the carcasses from scavengers and pests until final disposal, is utilized on the premises.

Dead poultry being transferred to the storage area and final disposal location should be moved in sealed containers so that no feathers, fluids or other parts of the carcass are able to escape and contaminate surfaces.

Each premises should have a properly designed dead bird isolation/storage system which fully contains carcasses. Dead birds are covered and protected from scavengers and pests through to final disposal (examples include chest freezer; closed transportable container; and an enclosed facility securely located from the flock, feed and water sources).

3.1.3 Target Outcome

Carcass disposal, including any on-farm disposal (incineration, composting and burial), is done in accordance with provincial or municipal guidelines. If a rendering service is utilized then the pickup is performed to minimize any biosecurity risk.

Effective mortality management procedures would include an accepted method of carcass disposal; ensure compliance with provincial and municipal guidelines.

Establish plans and procedures for managing the collection and disposal of routine levels of mortality and elevated mortality; this is frequently a requirement under provincial farm plans.

The movement of carcasses between poultry premises for disposal poses a risk for spreading disease and should be minimized.

Manure Management

3.1.4 target outcome.

Manure is suitably handled and stored to minimize the risk of transferring disease organisms to poultry flocks.

Manure can be a high-risk source of pathogens; therefore, there should be a clear management strategy for its handling and storage.

Pathogens in manure can be spread by air, in dust, or on people, equipment and vehicles.

The safest practice is for manure to be composted on-site and disposed of away from poultry flocks. The composting process should be managed to ensure appropriate mixing and heating to inactivate pathogens prior to disposal.

Where manure is stored and spread on the premises, it should be stored and managed in a manner that does not allow for its accidental reintroduction into the RAZ .

All methods of manure handling, storage and disposal should meet the requirements of federal and provincial legislation.

3.2 Premises, Building, Equipment and Vehicle Cleaning and Disinfection

3.2.1 target outcome.

A cleaning and disinfection program is in place that applies to premises, buildings, equipment and vehicles.

It is advisable to apply a consistent approach to cleaning and disinfection on the whole premises. It is more difficult for diseases to become established or spread in a generally clean environment, where buildings, equipment and vehicles are routinely cleaned and when necessary disinfected.

Cleaning and disinfection of barns and flock areas, to the extent possible, following flock cycles can help break the cycle of infection. When a full cleaning and disinfection is not achievable other strategies to manage pathogen loads can be used including heating barns and treating or composting litter.

Cleaning and disinfection (and personal sanitation such as hand washing, boot and clothing changes) take on increasing importance:

• when "all in/all out" placement of single-age poultry and maximizing downtime between flocks cannot be achieved
• when entering RAZ s while birds are present and the birds will remain in production and on range/pasture production
• when entering sites where a RAZ incorporates multiple barns while birds are present and the birds will remain in production
• during and following disease outbreaks

The methods and degree of cleaning and disinfection can vary to meet the needs and situation. Written instructions will ensure that all individuals are clear about the procedures for cleaning and disinfection and will encourage consistency.

Written instructions should take into account seasonal climate changes and the challenges they pose.

3.3 Facility Maintenance

3.3.1 target outcome.

A program for facility maintenance is in place.

Well-maintained buildings and storage facilities play a significant role in successfully achieving several of the other target outcomes listed in this standard by:

• preventing access by pests and other animals and installing wild bird deterrents
• cleaning-up feed spills immediately
• ensuring that stored feed, bedding, and litter in the barns are not affected by rain
• being easier to clean and disinfect

In addition, maintenance procedures should ensure that poultry are kept in the best possible environment. Poorly maintained ventilation systems, for example, may help to create an environment that is favourable for the rapid buildup and spread of disease within a flock.

Facility maintenance also includes maintaining boundaries and barriers around the biosecurity zones.

• Prevent the accumulation and pooling of water in the CAZ s and RAZ s, particularly the areas around barns and range areas, and the generation of leachate from manure and mortality storage areas
• Pathways and laneways for vehicles, equipment and people should be hard surfaces that can be maintained clean
• Maintain the area around barns free from debris and vegetation and mow and/or maintain regularly
• When trees and shrubs are present (when used as shelter belts or on free range premises to provide shade), they should be selected to minimise wild bird attraction

3.4 Water/Feed/Bedding Management

Water management, 3.4.1 target outcome.

A water management program is in place to ensure that water is potable and meets local guidelines for poultry consumption.

The water system (water source, storage, delivery and treatment systems) can be a source of pathogens. Contamination may occur from pests, wildlife and other sources through direct or indirect contact. Prevention and control measures can minimize if not eliminate this risk.

Sources of water that are susceptible to pathogen contamination include bodies of surface water ( e.g. reservoirs, ponds, lakes and rivers), groundwater aquifers and rainwater collection systems. Surface water systems pose a significantly higher risk for the introduction of infectious organisms and undesirable substances and are not recommended for use without a functioning treatment system.

Manage water systems to ensure water quality; this may include, cleaning, disinfecting, and flushing systems and testing water quality.

Waterers, particularly those used in range and pasture production, should be designed and sited to minimize access to and contamination from pests.

Feed Management

3.4.2 target outcome.

Feed is obtained and stored in a manner that minimizes the risk of contamination by pathogens.

Feed that has not been properly stored presents a risk to the flock. Feed that is exposed to or contains pests, may be contaminated with pathogens which will then be transferred to the flock. Feed which has become damp also provides an ideal environment for the rapid development of harmful organisms.

It is important to ensure that feed is handled and stored properly on the premises and purchased from a reliable source that has a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan or similar systems in place.

To reduce the attraction for wild birds, ensure feed storage cannot be accessed by wild birds and feed spills are immediately cleaned up.

Feeders, particularly those used in range and pasture production, should be designed and sited to minimize access and contamination by pests.

3.4.3 Target Outcome

Bedding is obtained and stored in a manner that minimizes the risk of contamination by pathogens.

Fresh bedding material that has not been properly stored and protected from contamination, particularly by wild bird and rodent pests, presents a risk to the flock. Bedding storage protects bedding from water, access by pests and other potential sources of contamination. The same principles as those applied to feed should be applied to bedding.

3.5 Pest Control Program

3.5.1 target outcome.

An integrated pest control program is present.

Pests (particularly insects, rodents and wild birds) can serve as a source and mechanism for spread of pathogens. Poultry exposure can be direct or indirect (contamination of feed, water, equipment and materials).

An integrated program of pest control relies on an effective management of the production environment, the maintenance and modernization of the facilities, and direct control methods (mechanical and chemical) to prevent introduction and spread of contagious disease organisms by pests.

Poultry keepers with range and/ or pasture production need to use a variety of methods to manage/control wild birds.

Garbage Management

3.5.2 target outcome.

Garbage is effectively and safely disposed of.

If household and farm-related garbage is not effectively stored and disposed of, it can be a risk to the poultry flock by attracting pests and predators which can introduce disease either directly or indirectly by moving potentially contaminated garbage around the premises.

Garbage should be disposed of regularly and safely (in accordance with federal and provincial laws) and stored in a manner that prevents access by pests and predators.

3.6 Biosecurity Program and Training

3.6.1 target outcome.

All people working on the premises are knowledgeable of, and understand the rationale behind and importance of, biosecurity and biosecurity protocols.

It is important for all people to receive training/briefing before starting to work with poultry so they have a general understanding about all aspects of the process and not just their own tasks.

People who understand the purpose of a biosecurity measure are more likely to adopt the practice as part of their daily routine. They are more likely to ensure any visitors and service contractors act in accordance with the farm biosecurity practices.

3.6.2 Target Outcome

All people working on the premises have reviewed the applicable biosecurity-related instructions as needed, based on their assigned tasks.

The best way to ensure people (including family members if applicable) are clear on how to complete their assigned tasks is to have written procedures that are reviewed with the people doing the work and updated when necessary.

A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is a documented procedure based on generally accepted good practices. It must be easy to read while describing the steps followed to meet an objective (for example an SOP that details the barn cleaning and disinfection procedure). SOP s should be followed at all times.

Additional provision for extra or more rigorous biosecurity measures in the event of a disease outbreak either on the premises or within the region should be included.

Keepers of poultry who do not employ staff and carry out all the activities on the premises themselves should still document their procedures. This will help make sure the target outcomes in this document are being addressed and it can serve as a guide for farming procedures when temporary assistance is required.

Annex A – Main Principles and Associated Recommendations Identified by the Technical Sub-Committee

The Avian Biosecurity Advisory Committee (ABAC) was mandated to identify practical, effective controls utilizing science-based analysis and objective literature. The membership of ABAC has representatives from the whole spectrum of potential users of this document.

This science-based document recommends practices to reduce the risk of transmission and maintain effective control of Avian Influenza or other highly contagious respiratory pathogens. For more detail on how this document was developed, please see the endnote. Footnote 2

Often prevention and intervention methods need be done in a logical sequence to be effective. Adopting one recommendation without first doing another may render the action unsuccessful. Further, barn level recommendations and premises level recommendations are closely linked and the success of one is dependent on the other.

The following guidelines have been prioritized based on published infectious disease literature ( i.e. principle 1 has the greatest potential for reducing risk of transmission and maintaining effective control of Avian Influenza compared to principle 2, etc. ). Nevertheless, all principles are important.

Principle 1: Procedures for mortality management are present on each premises.

The introduction and presence of an infectious agent is difficult to identify in the early incubation period before development of clinical signs or in a low pathogenic agent with an absence of clinical signs. Assume any dead bird could be infective and handle appropriately to ensure that any potential pathogens are not spread beyond first the barn and then the premises level.

Effective mortality management procedures should include the following: a physical container or structure for proper carcass isolation/storage on removal from the production area, an accepted method of carcass disposal and an action plan that directs the day-to-day handling of dead birds found on the premises.

Recommendation 1: Each premises should have a properly designed dead bird isolation/storage system which fully contains carcasses. Dead birds are covered and protected from scavengers and insects through to final disposal (examples include chest freezer, closed transportable container, enclosed facility remote from barn).

Recommendation 2: Each premises should have appropriate carcass disposal. This may include on-farm disposal (incineration, composting and burial, according to provincial or municipal guidelines). If a rendering service is utilized, then the pickup point must be external to Controlled Access Zone (CAZ).

Recommendation 3: With respect to dead birds found in the barn, each premises should have daily procedures to follow that include timely collection, removal from production area, storage and disposal as described above.

Principle 2: Know the health status of your flock and be prepared to react.

To recognize an important disease condition and effect appropriate and prompt action, it is critical to know the disease status of your barn. In the event of a foreign animal disease, early diagnosis and disease surveillance is critical in order to contain the pathogen. Monitoring flock health should include: at least the daily observation of the flock and culling if necessary, maintaining a mortality log, recognition and prompt action in the event of suspicious clinical signs or unacceptable mortality followed by prompt diagnostic action and activation of an "emergency response plan."

Recommendation 1: Each barn should maintain a daily mortality log.

Recommendation 2: Disease diagnosis action should be triggered in the event of any unusual morbidity or mortality. Each producer should establish a working relationship with a poultry veterinarian trained in poultry disease diagnosis. Poultry veterinarians are trained in disease recognition and the appropriate methods of sample submission to a certified veterinary diagnostic laboratory.

Recommendation 3: All producers should know and understand the "emergency response plan" that directs employees on the appropriate procedures to follow in the event of morbidity or mortality highly suspicious of contagious economically significant or notifiable diseases. This will include but is not limited to immediately contacting the premises veterinarian, self-imposed barn/premises isolation/containment, self-declaration and notification of appropriate officials, maintaining the current visitor log for traceback purposes, etc.

Recommendation 4: All premises employees should be trained in monitoring flock health, recognition of conditions that should trigger a response, and timely response protocols.

Recommendation 5: Producers should participate in an ongoing national surveillance program.

The surveillance program should be designed to reflect the premises' risk level. This may include ensuring started stock is disease-free, testing after high-risk activities ( e.g. visit from vaccination crew), frequency of testing associated with seasonal risk or location risk. A national surveillance program must be statistically valid, be cognizant of biosecurity and marketing concerns in design, and encourage compliance by effective and appropriate compensation.

Principle 3: Each introduction or removal of birds from a barn or premises is carried out with appropriate scheduling, isolation or segregation to minimize introduction or spread of disease.

Proper scheduling enables segregation or isolation of birds within individual barn units, regulates traffic flow within and between premises, and reduces proximity risks between barns where loading or unloading activities are occurring and live birds remain on a premises. An "all-in/all-out" approach and appropriate "downtime" between flocks should be targeted for disease control where possible.

Recommendation 1 : Each barn should have a bird arrival and bird dispersal schedule with associated records. "All in/all out" management should be a target - introduction and dispersal should be completed in a short time (within seven days).

Recommendation 2: Each barn should maximize the downtime between flocks where possible. Ideally, this should be at least 14 days to allow adequate time for pathogen reduction. Each premises should maximize a downtime where possible.

Recommendation 3: If recommendations 1 and 2 cannot be achieved on-premises, then enhanced biosecurity measures must be implemented either at the barn or premises level as the situation dictates. At the barn level, for activities such as partial flock shipment over a period greater than seven days, introduction of spiking males, heavy tom production, or movement to another barn for further growth, enhanced measures may include but are not limited to: crate cleanliness, full cover-ups for catching crews, and enhanced cleaning procedures and sanitation using appropriate products at optimum concentrations. At the premises level, if for example there is more than one barn per premises with each barn at a different stage of production, enhanced biosecurity measures should be taken between barns to enable barn segregation. These may include but are not limited to: washing and/or hand sanitation, change of clothing and boots, control of human traffic and/or fomite movement.

Principle 4: Ensure that access to the barn and premises is controlled through the establishment of protective zones and controlled access points.

Control of people and pets is important in reducing the risk of carriage of a pathogen into a barn or onto a premises. Controlled access to the barn can be achieved. Controlling access to a premises is more difficult. In commercial situations, the Controlled Access Zone (CAZ) commonly refers to the area around the barns. The Restricted Area (RA) generally refers to barn interiors or production area.

Recommendation 1: Barn access should be controlled via the controlled access point (CAP). Only essential personnel should enter a barn. Pets should be prohibited from entering a barn. Ideally, in order to facilitate compliance, this would include an appropriately designed and well-maintained barn entrance or anteroom with clearly visible signage, locked doors and hand-washing/hand sanitizing facilities.

Recommendation 2: Premises access must be controlled. Only essential personnel should enter the CAZ and visitor parking must be outside the CAZ . Only essential vehicles should enter the CAZ . In order to facilitate compliance, each premises should have a visually defined CAZ (signage, ropes, stakes, or fencing) and the entrance to the CAZ should be capable of being closed. This may be accomplished by a single laneway that can be blocked or a physical gate.

Recommendation 3: Procedures are in place to minimize potential carriage between the CAZ and RA . There must be no common footwear contact between the CAZ and the RA ( i.e. , boot changes, sanitation, or plastic boots). There must be a means to sanitize hands prior to entering or leaving the restricted area. Appropriate protective clothing (clean or restricted to barn cover-ups and boots) should be worn in the barn. Barn clothing and boots should be supplied for visitors.

Recommendation 4: Each premises must have established procedures for employees entering a barn and moving to other barns within a premises. Employees should be trained and understand the reason behind and importance of these procedures. These procedures should include but not be limited to: hand sanitation, not being in contact with other birds within a 24-hour period, and appropriate boot sanitation and change of clothing.

Principle 5: Drinking water for birds should be free from significant pathogens and meet water quality standards for livestock/poultry consumption.

Recommendation 1: Water should not be from open ponds or other open sources. Water must be treated if necessary. For range production, covered water sources or closed water systems should be used.

Principle 6: Measures are used to prevent introduction and spread of contagious disease organisms by pests.

Recommendation 1: Integrated pest control should be in place (insects, wild birds, rodents).

This may include but is not limited to: covered feed bins, closed feed systems, screened openings, routine baiting program, gravel strip outside building foundation, emptying of feed lines/boots/hoppers at cleanout, CAZ kept free of debris and long vegetation.

Recommendation 2: For range production, alternate measures can be used, including: sufficient covered or roofed space to house all poultry at risk times (seasonal), and well-maintained fencing against livestock, pets and predators.

The Technical Committee of the Avian Biosecurity Advisory Committee was mandated to identify areas of practical, effective controls with respect to Avian Influenza. This was done utilizing science-based analysis that was objective, impartial and avoided preconceived assumptions or beliefs, identified gaps and allowed a cost/benefit analysis with the aim of improving implementation and compliance.

The Technical Committee work had a focus on highly contagious respiratory pathogens such as Avian Influenza. The approach taken for this work considered each unit level of operation separately (barn, premises, etc. ), presence and nature of disease agent and routes of transmission.

A detailed list of scenarios, risk introduction and exit and interventions was developed. Based on extensive literature review parameter values, effectiveness, risk indexes, index interpretation, severity and acceptable levels were identified. Auditable parameters associated with each intervention were identified and compared to existing OFFS programs.

The Halvorson Risk Index tool was selected for use in the analysis of the possible interventions to calculate relative risk level pre-intervention and post-intervention and calculated reduction efficacy for each intervention. The list of interventions was sorted from most to least effective risk reduction.

The CMi survey risk score index was used where possible to corroborate the results from the above analysis. (CMi is an external consulting firm that is experienced and recognized in the field of biosecurity).

The Technical Committee produced a document listing 6 main principles for on-farm Avian Influenza biosecurity in priority order, with several associated recommendations (also in priority order) as minimum guidelines. These are targeted for effectiveness and also response stratified. These principles and recommendations are based on scientific analysis of efficacy and have high level of cost benefit return to encourage compliance. Because they are based on agent/host interaction, rather than production system, the principles are also applicable to any level of poultry production.

Revision of the Standard in 2018

The National Avian On-Farm Biosecurity Standard, first published in 2009, has been revised and re-released in 2018 based on an increased awareness and understanding of the risks and management of infectious diseases in the poultry industry. The revised standard provides poultry producers, backyard flock owners and industry with additional guidelines and best practices on reducing the spread of disease, including but not limited to the following topics:

• assessing disease risks
• developing a farm biosecurity plan
• routes of disease transmission and approaches to disease control
• establishing biosecurity zones and managing movements of people, equipment and vehicles
• developing disease response and self-quarantine protocols

Funding to support the revision was provided under the Growing Forward 2 initiative. The National Avian Biosecurity Advisory Comittee (ABAC), previously established in 2006, was reconvened to revise the standard. ABAC provided broad representation of poultry stakeholders and was comprised national and provincial producer organizations, federal and provincial governments, academia and poultry producers. Recent scientific literature on poultry diseases, disease outbreaks, and disease risk mitigation measures were reviewed and guidelines and best practices identified and incorporated. The revised document was approved by ABAC in January of 2018 and letters of non-objection provided by the four national poultry producer associations (Chicken Farmers of Canada, Turkey Farmers of Canada, Canadian Hatching Egg Producers, and Egg Farmers of Canada) by March of 2018.

PDF version (317 kb )

Self Audit ( or )

• 1.1.1 Recognizable zones and controlled access points are in place
• 1.1.2 Visual indicators are in place to define the Controlled Access Zone (CAZ) and Restricted Access Zone (RAZ)
• 1.2.1 People working on the premises are knowledgeable of and understand the rationale behind and importance of the CAZ , RAZ and CAPs
• 1.2.2 Access to the CAZ and RAZ is controlled by appropriate measures and routine procedures. Tools/equipment/facilities necessary to accomplish the established procedures are available, functional and maintained for their required purpose
• 2.1.1 Each placement or removal of poultry is recorded and carried out with appropriate scheduling, isolation or segregation to minimize the introduction or spread of disease. People, equipment and vehicles are managed to ensure they do not pose a risk of introducing or spreading disease
• 2.1.2 The downtime between flocks is optimized in each barn/flock area
• 2.1.3 More stringent additional biosecurity measures are implemented either at the barn, flock area or premises level where "all in/all out" scheduling and downtime is not practical
• 2.2.1 Individuals who monitor poultry are knowledgeable and experienced in monitoring flock health, the recognition of disease conditions and timely response protocols
• 2.2.2 Daily procedures for observation, and culling if necessary, are followed  
• 2.2.3 A daily mortality log is maintained for each flock 
• 2.2.4 Unusual morbidity or mortality triggers contact with a veterinarian and disease diagnosis action. Suspicion of diseases that are contagious, of economic importance, or reportable triggers a "disease response plan" that provides guidance to individuals on the appropriate procedures to follow 
• 3.1.1 Daily procedures are followed with respect to dead poultry including collection and removal from the RAZ
• 3.1.2 A dead poultry storage system, which protects the carcasses from scavengers and pests until final disposal, is utilized on the premises
• 3.1.3 Carcass disposal, including any on-farm disposal (incineration, composting and burial), is done in accordance with provincial or municipal guidelines. If a rendering service is utilized, then the pickup is performed to minimize any biosecurity risk
• 3.1.4 Manure is suitably handled and stored to minimize the risk of transferring disease organisms to poultry flocks
• 3.2.1 A cleaning and disinfection program is in place that applies to premises, buildings, equipment and vehicles
• 3.3.1 A program for facility maintenance is in place
• 3.4.1 A water management program is in place to ensure that water is potable and meets local guidelines for poultry consumption
• 3.4.2 Feed is obtained and stored in a manner that minimizes the risk of contamination by pathogens
• 3.4.3 Bedding is obtained and stored in a manner that minimizes the risk of contamination by pathogens
• 3.5.1 An integrated pest control program is present
• 3.5.2 Garbage is effectively and safely disposed of
• 3.6.1 All people working on the premises are knowledgeable of, and understand the rationale behind and importance of, biosecurity and biosecurity protocols
• 3.6.2 All people working on the premises have reviewed the applicable biosecurity-related instructions as needed, based on their assigned tasks

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First case of influenza A (H5) detected in Michigan resident

May 22, 2024

The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) is announcing the first case of influenza A (H5) virus identified in a Michigan farmworker who had regular exposure to livestock infected with influenza A (H5). This follows extensive public heath actions over the course of the last few months by the state of Michigan to allow farmworkers to monitor and notify local public health officials should they have symptoms. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the risk to the public remains low; the Michigan farmworker diagnosed with influenza A (H5) had mild symptoms and has recovered. To protect farm and farmworker privacy, additional details are not being provided.

The virus has been circulating in dairy and poultry farms across the U.S. this spring, and state and local public health officials have been closely monitoring for human cases, which can occur sporadically in individuals with close contact to ill animals. This virus has been associated with the ongoing multistate outbreak of influenza A (H5N1). As such, it is not unexpected that comprehensive testing identified a human infection. Information to date suggests this is a sporadic infection, with no associated ongoing spread person-to-person.

“Michigan has led a swift public health response, and we have been tracking this situation closely since influenza A (H5N1) was detected in poultry and dairy herds in Michigan. Farmworkers who have been exposed to impacted animals have been asked to report even mild symptoms, and testing for the virus has been made available,” said Dr. Natasha Bagdasarian, chief medical executive. “The current health risk to the general public remains low. This virus is being closely monitored, and we have not seen signs of sustained human-to-human transmission at this point. This is exactly how public health is meant to work, in early detection and monitoring of new and emerging illnesses.”

MDHHS and local health departments continue to work closely with the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD), farms and workers to conduct monitoring of the health of people exposed to ill animals.

“ Since the first detection of influenza A (H5N1) in dairy cattle on March 29, Michigan has prioritized both the animal and human health aspects of this disease outbreak. Today’s news underscores the continued importance of limiting nonessential farm visits, including farm tours and field trips, as well as the use of personal protective equipment when working with livestock,” said MDARD Director Tim Boring.

MDARD continues to implement a proactive, science-based approach to mitigating the spread of influenza A (H5N1). Michigan's response to influenza A (H5N1) has been a one-health approach, working with federal, state and local partners to address animal and public health concerns rapidly. Three U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) emergency management teams have been on the ground assisting MDARD in day-to-day responses at all impacted poultry facilities statewide. An epidemiological team from USDA is also deployed to further assist in tracing and testing within dairy herds to be able to provide real-time information. 

Director Boring has taken proactive actions by signing an  "Determination of Extraordinary Emergency"  order Wednesday, May 1, which further protects Michigan's poultry and livestock industries from the ongoing threat of influenza A (H5N1). Michigan's order enhances USDA's federal order, which was issued Wednesday, April 24. 

MDARD has identified both dairy and poultry farms that have tested positive for influenza A (H5N1) in several Michigan counties. Risk is not limited to those geographies as additional detections may be possible.

MDHHS recommends seasonal flu vaccination for people working on poultry or dairy farms. It will not prevent infection with avian influenza viruses, but it can reduce the risk of coinfection with avian and flu viruses.

Since 2022, there have been two previous human cases related to bird and dairy exposure in the U.S. -- one in Colorado in 2022 and one in Texas in 2024.

For more information, visit Michigan.gov/InfluenzaA.

En Español

First case of influenza A (H5) detected in Michigan resident - 5/22/2024 Press Release - ASL Version

Chelsea Wuth

517-241-2112

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