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Do PhD Students Pay Tuition? Unpacking the Cost of a PhD

Choosing to pursue a PhD is a major milestone, but it comes with a host of concerns and questions. As a prospective doctoral student, you might wonder if you pay tuition for a PhD and how much that will cost.

In many cases, the answer is no, PhD students do not pay tuition. Instead, universities often provide their doctoral students with tuition waivers and funding packages to carry them through their years of study. 

However, it's important to bear in mind that this isn't always the case and the specifics can vary greatly. Navigating PhD funding can seem daunting at first, but understanding how tuition, stipends and other sources affect the out-of-pocket cost of a PhD can help you feel more confident in your decision.

How Much Does a PhD Cost?

Contrary to popular belief, the costs of a PhD program aren't set in stone. Factors like the institution, geographic location, field of study and funding support all play a role in how much you’ll actually pay for a doctoral program. Depending on your field, some PhD programs pay you . 

To give you a clearer picture, let's break down expenses and potential support.

Tuition and Fees

Tuition and fees are typically the most substantial expense. How much you pay depends on the institution offering the program and the field of study you choose. According to the Education Data Initiative , the average cost of a PhD specifically is $106,860, while the average cost of a doctorate degree in general is higher at $150,835.

You can expect a lower cost at public institutions ($93,670 on average) compared to private universities ($129,395 on average). Considering the time to complete a doctorate degree ranges from approximately 4 to 8 years, the duration of your studies can influence the total price.

While figures like this seem substantial, it's important to remember that scholarships, grants, fellowships and assistantships significantly reduce the out-of-pocket expenses for most PhD students. For instance, the average grant aid for a doctoral degree is $16,502 annually, and 21.4% of PhD students surveyed by the Education Data Initiative offset their costs with teaching assistantships. 

As a result, actual paid expenses are often much lower than the listed tuition and fees.

Books and Materials

The cost of study materials, including textbooks and research supplies, varies depending on the specific requirements of your field of study.

For example, PhD students in Earth Sciences or Chemistry might need to invest in lab equipment and materials, while students in Humanities may require numerous books and subscriptions to academic journals.

However, it's essential to note that many programs provide funding resources that help offset or eliminate these costs. Universities often offer subsidies or funds for research materials, and there are numerous grants and scholarships specific to different fields of study. Libraries and interlibrary loan systems can also be a valuable resource for accessing required books and academic journals.

Healthcare and Living 

Cost of living and healthcare can vary greatly depending on your circumstances and location. Major cities, for example, tend to have higher living costs than smaller towns or rural areas. 

The higher expenses in cities often correlate with increased access to resources, research opportunities and a wide variety of entertainment and lifestyle choices. On the other hand, smaller towns or rural areas might offer lower cost of living and fewer distractions but may limit access to extensive resources or opportunities.

Luckily, many universities offer annual stipends as part of their financial aid packages for PhD students. These stipends are designed to help you manage your living and healthcare expenses, allowing you to concentrate on your studies and research. Some universities may also provide budget-friendly on-campus housing options to help mitigate overall costs. 

Navigating the Financial Landscape of a PhD

The path to earning a PhD isn't just an academic journey, but a financial one too. While it's true that in many cases, PhD students don't pay tuition, it's crucial to understand that it’s ultimately variable depending on where and what you choose to study. Financial aid packages and stipends can be a substantial help, providing relief to both domestic and international students.

At the Moody School of Graduate and Advanced Studies, we pride ourselves in providing an environment that fosters academic excellence, research innovation and professional development. With the generous support of the Moody Foundation, we have expanded our funding opportunities, enabling a diverse range of talented students to become part of our community.

Our suite of financial resources, including fellowships, assistantships, and travel grants, aim to facilitate interdisciplinary collaborations and reduce financial barriers. By helping our students focus on their academic and research pursuits, we build a vibrant, diverse, and inclusive environment that sets the stage for future leaders to thrive.

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How Much Does a PhD Cost?

How much does a PhD cost? Before you enroll in a doctoral program, you may have this pressing question on your mind.

The price of earning your PhD can vary greatly from one school to another, so it can help to pay close attention to the average costs at different institutions.

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Once you have a better idea of the cost of earning this degree, you can make a plan for your doctoral studies and work toward achieving your goals.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the average doctoral student earning a research degree pays $16,526 in tuition per year. [1]

Plus, on average, there’s an additional $16,320 in non-tuition fees and expenses each year. That makes the average annual cost of a PhD $32,846. [1] It’s common to spend 3 to 5 years or more in a PhD program. That can seem like a staggering amount of money at first. You may be relieved to know, though, that you might not have to pay the entire amount yourself.

Many PhD candidates receive a good deal of support to help with their studies. PhD students fund their educations in a variety of ways, including:

• Fellowships
• Program-based funding

Program-based funding may include a stipend, a tuition waiver, and even benefits like health insurance. Fully funded online PhD programs are available, and in these programs, students are not responsible for covering any of the expenses associated with their doctoral education. It’s not always necessary to go into debt to pursue doctoral studies. Many students graduate from PhD programs without having incurred any debt.

One of the biggest assets that can help you graduate debt-free is an assistantship opportunity. You may be able to secure a role as a teaching or research assistant. In exchange for your work, you might receive a tuition waiver, a stipend, and other benefits.

Both the tuition at your school and the stipend you may receive will vary depending on where you enroll. To learn more about Ivy League costs, you can review the following table.

• Brown University: Tuition , stipends
• Columbia University: Tuition , stipends
• Cornell University: Tuition , stipends
• Dartmouth College: Tuition , stipends
• Harvard University: Tuition , stipends ( Engineering & Biological Sciences )
• Princeton University: Tuition, stipends
• University of Pennsylvania: Tuition , stipends
• Yale University: Tuition , stipends

This chart will give you an idea of typical PhD expenses at some of the top public universities.

• University of Arizona: Tuition , stipends
• Florida International University: Tuition , stipends ( Business & Bridge to the Doctorate Fellowship Program )
• Georgia State University: Tuition , stipends
• Ohio State: Tuition , stipends
• Texas A&M: Tuition , stipends ( Chemistry & Chemical Engineering )
• University of Central Florida: Tuition , stipends
• University of Florida: Tuition , stipends ( Engineering & English )
• University of Illinois: Tuition , stipends ( Math & Communication )
• University of Minnesota: Tuition , stipends ( Management & Public Health )
• University of Texas: Tuition , stipends ( Computer Science & Biology )

These rates reflect general tuition and stipends at the above schools, but the rates may vary somewhat depending on your program and the terms of your assistantship.

For example, you’re likely to earn more for a half-time assistantship than for a quarter-time one, and you’re likely to earn more for a 12-month assignment than for a 9-month one.

Factors That Affect the Average Cost of a Doctorate Degree

Many different elements will play into the overall price of earning your degree. One major factor is the type of school you attend. The following figures are based on data from the Urban Institute. [4]

Choice of School

• Private for-profit : $13,520 average annual tuition
• Private nonprofit : $25,160 average annual tuition
• Public in-state : $11,000 average annual tuition
• Public out-of-state : $22,590 average annual tuition

How long it takes to earn your degree can make a difference as well. The National Science Foundation offers data on how long PhD students in various fields are often in school. [5]

Program Length by Field of Study

• Education : 5.7 years
• Engineering : 5.3 years
• Humanities and arts : 6.8 years
• Life sciences : 5.5 years
• Mathematics and computer sciences : 5.7 years
• Physical sciences : 5.6 years
• Psychology and social sciences : 6.0 years

Online studies may change your costs. The tuition is often similar, but on-campus residency can be more expensive than living at home. Consider, for example, the graduate housing costs at the University of Miami. [6]

Online vs. On-Campus Housing Costs

• Living on-campus : $24,120 annually
• Living with a relative : $8,664 annually

On the other hand, teaching and research assistantships are less common for online PhD programs than on-campus ones. Even with housing costs, you may, then, spend less for on-campus studies.

Professional Doctorate Degree Cost

A PhD is not the only type of doctorate. There are also professional doctorates available, such as a Doctor of Podiatry (DPM) or a Doctor of Medicine (MD).

The following data from the National Center for Education Statistics provides an overview of the average doctoral degree cost annually. [1]

• Books and materials : $1,196
• Non-tuition costs and fees : $23,745
• Tuition : $34,910

In general, professional practice doctorates are more expensive than PhDs. According to the Urban Institute, 30% of professional practice doctoral programs have published annual tuition rates of more than $30,000. [2] Only 22% of PhD programs fall into that price category.

It’s also worth noting that doctoral students in professional programs are less likely to receive stipends, tuition waivers, and other benefits that often make school more affordable for PhD students.

Paying for a PhD

There are many ways to handle your PhD program cost. Perhaps you have the means to pay for your schooling on your own. If not, you may benefit from an assistantship, federal student aid, or the financial support of your workplace.

According to the National Science Foundation, the majority of students fund their PhDs through assistantships. [7] Further NSF data about primary funding sources is listed here.

Also, data from the National Center for Education Statistics shows that students earning research doctorates took out, on average, $20,500 in loans. [3]

Graduate students may be eligible for Direct Unsubsidized Loans and Federal Direct PLUS Loans.

Student Loan Debt of PhD Graduates

When it comes to the cost of a PhD, what you study can be as important as any of the other factors. As a general rule, people who get research doctoral degrees in education are much more likely to graduate with debt than other doctoral students.

The following data from the Urban Institute supports this idea. [8]

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the average non-education PhD graduate had a loan balance of $98,800. [9] For those with degrees in education, the average balance was $111,900.

If you are interested in a degree in education, you may want to pay particular attention to the tuition costs and benefits available at the schools you’re considering.

Is a PhD Degree Worth It?

Yes, a PhD degree is worth it for many students. The Bureau of Labor Statistics states that unemployment rates are quite low among people with doctoral degrees. The overall American unemployment rate is 4.7%.

Among people with doctorates, the unemployment rate is only 1.5%. [10] Plus, a PhD can put you on the path toward a research role or a tenured career in academia. In addition, it is an impressive personal accomplishment.

If you’re considering pursuing a terminal degree, then you’ve probably been wondering, “How much is a PhD?” Now that you know, you can start your search for the accredited school that’s right for you.

[1] National Postsecondary Student Aid Study: 2016 Graduate Students (NPSAS:GR). US Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics.

[2] Figure 3. Baum, Sandy and Patricia Steele. The Price of Graduate and Professional Schools: How Much Students Pay (PDF). Urban Institute. NCES, NPSAS 2012.

[3] Table A-8: Average amounts of selected types of financial aid received by graduate students. US Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics.

[4] Appendix A. Baum, Sandy and Patricia Steele. The Price of Graduate and Professional School: How Much Students Pay (PDF). Urban Institute. NCES, NPSAS 2012.

[5] Table 31. Median years to doctorate, by major field of study: Selected years, 1994–2019. National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.

[6] 2023-2024 Estimated Graduate Cost of Attendance . University of Miami. Graduate Professional Financial Assistance.

[7] Table 35. Doctorate recipients’ primary source of financial support, by broad field of study, sex, citizenship status, ethnicity, and race: 2019. National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.

[8] Baum, Sandy and Patricia Steele. Graduate and Professional School Debt: How Much Students Borrow (PDF). Urban Institute. 2018.

[9] Trends in Student Loan Debt for Graduate School Completers (PDF). Spotlights. The Condition of Education 2018. National Center for Education Statistics.

[10] Earnings and unemployment rates by educational attainment, 2021 . Bureau of Labor Statistics.

• Tuition, Funding, & Living Costs
• PhD/Master's Application Process

All PhD students at Yale are fully funded. On average, doctoral students at Yale receive more than $500,000 in tuition fellowships, stipends, and health care benefits over the course of their enrollment. Some terminal Master's degree students also receive funding.

Tuition for full-time study at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in the academic year 2023-2024 is $48,300.

More information on Tuition & Fees is available in our Programs & Policies handbook. Please note that we do not charge many of the fees common to other schools (e.g., technology fee, library fee, gym fee, student activities fee).

See Student Accounts for billing and payment inquiries.

For PhD Degree Applicants

All PhD students at Yale receive the following financial award, typically for a minimum of five years:

• a fellowship that covers the full cost of tuition ($48,300 for 2023-2024)
• a 12-month stipend (minimum of $40,530 for 2023-2024)
• comprehensive health insurance, including hospitalization coverage and specialty care for students, their legal spouse, and their children
• a family support subsidy for graduate students with children under the age of 18

Additionally, a Dean's Emergency Fund is available to help students with eligible, unanticipated emergency expenses. In some cases, the Continuing Registration Fee for advanced PhD students is also covered by the Graduate School.

Most PhD students complete their degrees without incurring debt.

For Master's Degree Applicants

Most students pursuing Master's degrees do not receive financial support from the Graduate School and are responsible for paying tuition, but some programs offer limited funding. Please check with the program that interests you for more information.

All Master's students registered at least half time receive Student Basic Coverage at Yale Health. You are also eligible to purchase Hospitalization and Specialty Care coverage at a group rate through the university.

Other Sources of Funding

Many of our students win external fellowships and grants. See our External Fellowships & Awards page for more information on how an external award will affect your Yale funding.

Some students choose to take loans, participate in work-study programs, or engage in part-time employment to supplement their funding while in Graduate School. More information is available on Other Means of Financing Graduate Education .

Living Cost Estimates

To ensure that our financial aid package provides enough support to enable you to live in New Haven and study full time, we developed a cost-of-living guide (see below). The Office of Financial Aid also uses these calculations to determine financial need as required by certain funding sources and for immigration processes.

Estimated average living expenses include housing and food, transportation, personal and academic expenses (excluding tuition), and hospitalization coverage and specialty care. Expenses for doctoral students may actually be less than the estimate below, since PhD financial packages cover the full cost of single-student hospitalization and specialty care coverage in the Yale Health Plan, as well as half the cost of two-person coverage (for spouses and partners), and the full cost to cover children.

2023-2024 Academic Year Living Cost Estimate:

9-month living cost (master's students):.

• Single Student: $29,778

12-MONTH LIVING COST (PhD Students):

• Single Student: $38,260  

Graduate Financial Aid

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How much does a phd cost, published by steve tippins on february 1, 2019 february 1, 2019.

Last Updated on: 3rd June 2022, 04:38 am

Many people have dreams of getting a PhD and returning to the classroom to guide young students. Others want to complete a doctorate to embark on a career of cutting-edge research.

These are admirable reasons to embark on the road towards getting a PhD. However, it’s important to consider the cost of a PhD before embarking on this journey. How much does a PhD cost? And more importantly, is it worth the price?

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Average Cost of a PhD

The average time it takes to complete a PhD is just over 8 years. That’s right, 8 years. The average cost of a PhD program is $30,000 per year, which comes to a grand total of $240,000 over the course of eight years. Almost a quarter of a million dollars.

Of course, this is just the average cost of a PhD–chances are your specific program will cost either more or less, and you might not take as long to finish. Then again, you might take longer. So, these are just estimates. You may be able to come up with a more accurate estimate by looking at your specific program and field. But no matter the details, it is vital to consider how much money you’ll actually be spending and whether it’s worth the investment.

However, when considering the cost of a PhD, tuition is just the beginning. If you only look at the price tag without considering the hidden costs, you may be in for a rough few years. In order to fully answer the question, “How much does a PhD cost,” we have to look at some other factors as well.

The Hidden Cost of a PhD

There are more costs than just dollars and cents when pursuing anything, and a PhD is no exception. Here are some of the hidden costs to be aware of when considering the cost of a PhD.

Eight years is a long time. Even three years is a substantial time investment. Getting a doctoral degree means that you will be investing a great deal of time into this quest. Before you begin, remember that you can only be in one place at a time so you will inevitably miss out on other opportunities. What do you spend your time on now? Consider whether you’re willing to give that up for the most part for a few years.

Lost/Delayed Opportunities

If you go to graduate school full-time you most likely will not be able to hold down a full-time job. That means that your career will be put on hold. If you go to graduate school part-time you can still keep your job but the demands of graduate school may mean that you might miss potential promotions.

Missed time with family and friends

The demands of a graduate program are substantial. There are classes and then there is homework. It is not like in undergraduate school where you might have been able to dash off a homework assignment 15 minutes before class. In graduate school you are expected to provide thoughtful and considered submissions. This can take a great deal of time.

This time commitment may mean missing events with your family and friends . I have seen many cases where a graduate student attends a soccer game or dance recital with her/his laptop and works on an assignment through the entire event. They are there, but are they really present? Make sure that your family is on board with you getting your degree. Their support can be invaluable, but their lack of support could mean having to pay back debt for a degree you never finished, or worse yet, resentment from those you love the most.

Income you could have had

If you do give up a career, you will lose that income. If you maintain your career, you may miss out on promotions and larger raises. This means lower income while in school. Recognize that there is no guarantee you will make this income back once you finish your degree. Depending on your field of study, you may actually make less money as a professor than you could at a professional job outside academia.

Foregone future benefits

You may have a number of benefits at work. For example, a 401(k) with employer matching. If you are not working, you will lose both your contribution and any employer matches. If your income is diminished, your 401(k) contributions may be lower. This will not impact your current income but it may reduce your retirement income.

The cost of not finishing

While your intention will obviously be to complete the program and get hooded at the end of the journey, the reality for 50% of those beginning a doctorate don’t finish . If you end up among them, will you regret beginning the program? How will you repay the student loans?

Benefits of a PhD

With all of those costs, there must be some reasons people go through the mental and financial hardship of getting a PhD. And of course there are. Here are a few.

Positive income

On the bright side, at many schools PhD students go to school tuition free (at this point, tuition waivers are not considered income for tax purposes) and get small stipends to teach and help do research. This benefit can offset many of the costs, but you will find that these stipends do not allow for a lavish lifestyle. Many people in this position take out loans to cover living expenses.

Non-monetary benefits

If your ultimate career includes a full-time faculty job, then one of the benefits is a flexible schedule. Rarely do teaching faculty have to comply to a strict 9 to 5 schedule. Additionally, they get time off when students get time off. A flexible schedule can allow you to be more present in other areas of life, such as with your family. As a professor, I took the summers to spend time with family and explore the world. We bicycled through Northern France one summer and traveled to the Galapagos Islands another. These are experiences that I’ll always cherish.

There are also non-monetary benefits relating to creating a life of meaning. If you feel a sense of purpose in your job, you’ll have a happier daily existence than if you toil away at something that feels pointless. Since people with more education often get more control over their careers, the doctorate may enable more opportunities to find or create meaningful work.

Your getting a PhD might also be meaningful to those who know and love you. Will it serve your family or community to get a doctorate? How might your personal sacrifices be worth the effort, once you have achieved this goal on behalf of those you care about?

How Much Does a PhD Cost? Final Thoughts

The dream of getting a PhD drives many to enroll before considering all of the costs. I urge you to consider all possible costs and benefits when considering a PhD program. If you decide to enroll in a PhD program, consider options that can help you finish your degree faster, saving you money in the long run.

Asking the question, “How much does a PhD Cost” should always be followed by a second question: “Why do I want to get a PhD?” It’s important to consider the amount of money you’d be spending and consider whether it’s worth the investment. What else could you do with a quarter million dollars? Start a business? Buy a home? Feed the hungry?

Your reasons for getting a PhD are where you’ll find the answer to whether it’s worth the cost. If you’re confident your research could contribute to advances in developing a cure for cancer and youwant to contribute what you can no matter the cost, it may be worth spending the money to get a PhD. If you’re deeply passionate about a certain subject and feel it’s your life purpose to ignite the same passion in young minds, getting a PhD may be the perfect choice for you.

But if you’re doing it to get a promotion or a better job, you might be better off looking into other options. In these cases, a PhD may not be worth the cost.

Steve Tippins

Steve Tippins, PhD, has thrived in academia for over thirty years. He continues to love teaching in addition to coaching recent PhD graduates as well as students writing their dissertations. Learn more about his dissertation coaching and career coaching services. Book a Free Consultation with Steve Tippins

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How Much Does a PhD Cost?

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Obtaining a PhD is a great way to open up your career options and fulfill personal goals. If you’re deciding whether to go back to your school for a doctorate degree, make sure to get a picture of what it will cost you beforehand so you can make an educated financial choice. In this article, we take a deep dive into how much a PhD costs, including non-tuition expenses and hidden costs. We also list the pros and cons of earning a PhD, as well as ways to fund your degree if it is the right choice for you. Let’s get started! 

What is a PhD? 

“PhD” is the abbreviated title for “Doctor of Philosophy.”  A PhD is an academic degree that qualifies the degree holder to teach at the university level or work in specialized positions in certain fields. PhDs generally focus on STEM research and teaching fields. 

Keep reading : Everything you need to know about a doctorate degree

How much does a PhD cost? 

It usually takes around eight years to earn a PhD at an average tuition cost of 81,000 . 

The true cost of a PhD is very dependent on the following factors: 

• Choice of school
• Field of study
• Type of PhD 
• Location of school
• Dollar amount of student loans

Also see: What is the average amount of graduate school debt?

Other costs associated with receiving a PhD

Living expenses .

In addition to the cost of tuition involved in earning a PhD, there are numerous outside factors that add to the total spent. These predominantly include living expenses such as housing, food, insurance, and transportation. The cost of these necessities will vary depending on the state, city of residence, and number of years it takes to earn a PhD. Therefore, it is important to consider all these factors when planning to earn a PhD. 

Hidden costs of a PhD

Besides just the monetary cost of a PhD, receiving this degree has some hidden costs that can affect whether a PhD is truly worth it. Let’s look at some of the most important hidden costs.

Receiving a PhD takes a long time! If you want to earn a PhD, it will take up to eight years to do so. 

Delayed opportunities

Because receiving a PhD takes time, this means there may be work and life opportunities and experiences you miss out on or have to delay.

Lost income

While focusing on earning a PhD, you will need to focus on your education rather than maintaining a steady flow of income from a job. You will most likely not be able to hold down a full-time job while completing your PhD schooling. 

The chance of not finishing

Unfortunately, it is quite common to start but not earn a PhD. There are a lot of factors that hinder students from receiving their PhD, including the following: 

• Realization they do not want a PhD
• Lack of ability to pay for a PhD
• Inability to maintain a school work balance

Ways to fund your PhD 

Luckily, prospective PhD candidates have numerous options to help them fund their education. Typically, PhD students turn to a variety of funding sources, including scholarships, grants, studentships, loans, and employer sponsorships. 

PhD Scholarships

There are a variety of scholarships out there intended for PhD students to help them on their academic journey. These funds can typically be used for tuition, books, and other educational expenses. Try checking out our very own Gutsy Graduate Scholarship to get started!

Grants are very similar to scholarships. They provide money for students for tuition and other academic expenses.

Studentships

A “studentship” is a name that is most often used for PhD scholarships. Studentships are an opportunity for PhD students to receive funding in order to ease financial pressures. Traditionally, studentships are awarded based on merit and achievement. 

Loans are a common way of funding PhD students. The US Department of Education offers Direct PLUS loans as well as Direct Unsubsidized Loans to graduate and professional students. 

Assistantships

Graduate assistantships are opportunities to earn money while taking on a position that allows you to make connections and obtain skills in your field. There are various types of assistantships such as teaching and research assistants. Depending on your institution and professor, your role may vary widely depending on what your professor is working on. So, it is important to do your research before accepting an assistantship to determine if it is the right role for you. An assistantship typically functions as a job where you serve a certain number of hours and will be paid for your labor. 

Fellowships

Fellowships can vary widely depending on the institution; however it is essentially funding granted to students to help lower the cost of education. A fellowship is typically a merit-based scholarship for advanced study of an academic subject and is granted to the top candidates in their class. Graduate fellowships typically will cover the cost of tuition as well as a stipend to be used to cover the cost of living which makes graduate studies affordable for academically-driven students. 

Further reading : Assistantships vs. fellowships: What’s the difference? 

Employer sponsorships

In some cases, you may be eligible to receive employer sponsored funding to earn a PhD. In order to do this, you will usually need to demonstrate to your employer that receiving a PhD will also benefit the company as a whole. 

Also see: Top graduate school scholarships

Is a PhD worth it? 

The answer depends on the individual student’s goals and financial situation. There are many pros and cons associated with receiving a PhD. We include a few of the most common reasons below. 

• Access to more prestigious and high-paying jobs
• Development of skills
• Networking opportunities 
• Can make significant contributions to your field of study 
• Financial costs/debt
• Isolating and lonely experience for some
• Stress associated with academic rigor
• Limited job openings after graduation 
• Loss of valuable job experience and opportunities
• Length of time to earn a PhD

Some questions to ask yourself before pursuing a PhD

• Why do I want a PhD? 
• Am I financially prepared to fund a PhD?
• What jobs will be available to me after receiving a PhD?
• Do I have the prerequisites and experience to move forward to a PhD program? 

Related: What is a research university?

Overall cost of PhD

In total, earning a PhD involves a considerable investment of time and money. It can also put you in touch with incredible peer support, mentors, and resources, and be incredibly rewarding and help you start down the path towards your dream career. Be sure you are confident in your decision before starting your PhD journey, and best of luck to you! 

Also see: Grad school financing options

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Financing Your Education - Doctoral Programs

A doctoral degree is a significant investment in your future, and financing your education is a critical factor to consider. While the funding we provide covers the basic standard cost of attendance determined by Stanford University for a modest life as a graduate student, accepting an offer from a doctoral program has significant personal, professional, and financial implications. Below you’ll find information on GSE and Stanford financial support for doctoral students, as well as other important considerations when it comes to financing your PhD.

Funding guarantee

Stanford GSE offers all admitted PhD students a five-year funding package that provides tuition aid, fellowship stipend, and assistantship salary which covers the standard cost of attendance. The funding is based on meeting the basic financial need of the student alone for the first five academic years of the doctoral program and entails assistantship work. The cornerstone of the GSE doctoral experience is the apprenticeship that all students undertake, typically under the guidance of their academic advisor, but often with other Stanford faculty as well. In this apprenticeship model, doctoral students are provided with a funding package that consists of opportunities to serve as teaching and research assistants for faculty members' courses and research projects. By this means, and in combination with the coursework, students are prepared to excel as university faculty, education researchers, and leaders in the field.

All funding is contingent upon satisfactory academic progress and performance on the research and teaching assistantships. There is no separate application for this funding.

Assistantships

As part of the academic and professional training and development, students undertake assistantships which provide both salary and tuition. Research assistantships are funded by faculty research grants, other faculty funds or as needed, by the GSE Dean’s Office, and can lead to joint publications with faculty or to dissertation topics. Students who have sufficient expertise and experience may also be selected as teaching assistants for courses at the GSE or other Stanford schools and departments. Assistantships are typically secured in consultation with faculty advisors. Students work 10 hours (25% assistantship) or 20 hours (50% assistantship) a week depending on their year in the program. 

• Research assistantship (RA): Various duties for research projects
• Teaching assistantships (3 types):
• Course Assistant (CA)—course preparation and grading
• Teaching Assistant (TA)—leads regularly-scheduled discussion sections
• Teaching Affiliate (TF)—full responsibility for course

Funding Details 2023-2024

Note: The above figures reflect 2023-2024 rates. Actual amounts will be adjusted to the rates for 2024-25 and future years.

Cost of attendance

Tuition depends on the units taken by the student. In addition to tuition expenses, the cost of attendance of a PhD program involves living expenses such as rent, food, and transportation. The sum of tuition and non-tuition expenses constitutes the standard cost of attendance. 

As you consider applying to graduate school, you can use the standard cost of attendance of your program —plus any additional expenses you might have—to create your financial plan, keeping in mind that tuition and non-tuition expenses of the standard cost of attendance are set by the university on an annual basis.

What you can do now to prepare financially if admitted

• Prepare for how your standard of living may change as a graduate student, especially if you are coming from a full-time job.
• Consider the length of your program, any dependents, existing debt, and additional financial commitments you may have. Students with children may review Stanford support programs for families.
• If you have personal or special circumstances that require additional expenses above and beyond the standard cost of attendance, plan accordingly.
• Start saving as much as you are able to cover any unexpected expenses you may incur while in graduate school.
• Familiarize yourself with federal as well as private student loans, their interest rates, fees, repayment options, deferment policies, and eligibility requirements, so that you are informed if you need to borrow.
• Be ready to cover all initial expenses, since fellowships and stipends will not be disbursed until a few weeks into your first quarter. Onboarding into a PhD program often requires up front out of pocket expenses for relocation.

Additional GSE resources

Once PhD students matriculate, the GSE has a variety of resources available to support academic work and unanticipated needs.

Students are eligible for up to three travel fellowships during their time at GSE if they are attending a conference or other professional development opportunity.

GSE Student Emergency Fund assists graduate students who experience a financial emergency or unanticipated expenses causing financial hardship. This fund is meant to support those who cannot reasonably resolve their financial difficulty through fellowships, loans, or personal resources. 

GSE Dissertation Support Grants help advanced PhD students who require additional financial support for dissertation research activities. These grants, available at up to $6,500 total per student, are available to students who do not have access to other funds to cover their dissertation costs.

Stanford University resources

Knight-Hennessy Scholars (KHS) program aims to prepare the next generation of global leaders to address the increasingly complex challenges facing the world. The program selects up to 100 students each year and provides three years of financial support that is integrated into the GSE’s funding package for PhD students.

Vice Provost for Graduate Education awards various fellowships for doctoral students and maintains a list of other Stanford fellowships that students may consider.

Cardinal Care subsidy is an automatic university-wide subsidy program for graduate students. Vaden Health Center manages the university’s Cardinal Care student health insurance.

Stanford Financial Aid Office oversees a number of financial support programs specifically for graduate students with challenging financial situations. 

Additional hourly work is available to students who wish to work for pay as "casual labor" at Stanford up to eight hours a week, provided work does not adversely affect the academic program. Requires approval from the student’s advisor and the Academic Services team.

Other funding sources

External fellowships are integrated into the GSE’s funding package. There are many funding opportunities offered outside of Stanford. The GSE admissions team has compiled an external fellowships and grants document for you to explore, though you should plan to do your own research as well. International students can find additional sources of funding on the Institute of International Education’s (IIE) Funding for U.S. Study website and this publication .

Stanford is committed to providing benefits through the Yellow Ribbon Program of the Post-9/11 GI Bill® to students in degree-seeking programs. GSE students who qualify for Chapter 33 benefits at the 100% level may be eligible for additional funding through the Yellow Ribbon Program. Please note that for GSE students receiving tuition fellowship funding, the Yellow Ribbon match may reduce and in some cases replace institutional grants and scholarships. For instructions, visit the page, Activate VA Education Benefits at Stanford .

International students are guaranteed the same funding package as domestic students. However, there may be restrictions regarding the number of hours and opportunities to work during the summer months. To learn more, please contact the Bechtel International Center .

To meet immigration regulations, international students must show proof of adequate financial support to cover the length of time of their graduate program. While international students are not eligible for U.S. federal loan programs, they may qualify for private/alternative loans. Many lenders, however, require that a U.S. citizen or permanent resident co-sign the loan. You can find information and tools to help you choose private loan programs most frequently used by Stanford students here. A comprehensive list of private loan programs is available at FinAid.org .

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Tuition and Costs

There are many factors to consider when choosing a graduate program and cost is certainly one of them. Learn more about HGSE's academic programs in addition to our tuition and cost of attendance.

Tuition Charges

The following tuition and fee charges are in effect for the 2024-2025 academic year and are subject to change for future years. Tuition and fee charges for the 2025-2026 academic year are published in March 2025. Summary (PDF) of tuition and cost information for the current 2023-2024 academic year.

HGSE is committed to helping you achieve your academic and career goals – and offers many financial aid options to support you.

Full Cost Details

Please note the Standard Student Budget includes actual tuition and fee amounts as well as estimated allowances for related educational expenses. Tuition and Health Insurance Fees are expenses that are directly billed to students, while all other categories are estimated allowances that should not be exceeded. Financial aid eligibility is determined using the following standard cost estimates, updated estimates are published annually in March for the upcoming academic year. Summary (PDF) of tuition and cost information for the current 2023-2024 academic year.

View Standard Residential Ed.M. & C.A.S. Details

View standard part-time online ed.m. details, view full-time ed.l.d. details.

^ Ed.L.D. students receive a guaranteed funding package to cover these costs.

* Year 2 in the Ed.L.D Program is a 10 month academic year, while Years 1 and 3 are 9 month academic years.

For full details regarding Ph.D. Program costs, visit the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) Cost of Attendance .

Tuition and Fees

Tuition and fee costs are subject to change and are determined each year. Please be aware that future tuition costs, fees, and standard student budget amounts may differ from year to year. Updated figures will be published on this website and in future editions of the Financing Your Education guide , which is updated on a yearly basis. Information regarding health insurance fees, coverage, and waivers can be found on the Harvard University Student Health Program website . Online part-time Ed.M. students will not be automatically enrolled into the comprehensive student health insurance program. Information regarding billing and payment dates can be found through Harvard Student Accounts .

• Full-time and part-time student tuition and course credit policies

Questions regarding tuition and course credit policies can be directed to the  HGSE Office of the Registrar . 

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How much does a ph.d. cost.

Regardless of your career field, you have an opportunity to excel in your area through a doctorate-level program . It is your path if you are interested in carrying out life-changing research or teaching . A doctoral degree also adds value to your CV and opens up many high-paying job positions.

However, it’ll take a while before you get to that high-paying and respectable position. It is a long-term commitment that pays little in the process and requires determination to continue research no matter what. Ph.D. programs are expensive, and while most of them are funded by means other than your own pocket, the latter option is also possible. Therefore, you have to clearly understand that you are positive about spending the next 4–8 years living on a salary that is hardly on par with the average living wage.

How Much Does Education before Ph.D. Cost?

Fully-funded ph.d. programs, ph.d. funding options, ph.d. and future career, salaries for doctoral graduates, the final thoughts.

Before we get to a Ph.D. cost and its funding options in detail, we have to note that a Ph.D. or a professional doctoral degree isn’t something you can apply for and get just because you want to. You can’t enter grad school before you’ve completed earlier stages of your education (which are not free of charge in the US as well). Before you get to a Ph.D., you have to complete at least one of the two first stages—a bachelor’s degree or/and a master’s degree.

Undergraduate Studies

University level first stage : Associate Degree (Associate of Arts (AA), Associate of Science (AS), Associate of Applied Science (AAS)), Bachelor’s Degree (Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BS), Bachelor of Applied Arts (BAA), Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)), Advanced Certificate, First Professional Degree

Graduate Studies

University level second stage : Master’s Degree (Master’s Degree in Business Administration (MBA), Master’s Degree in Education (M.Ed.), Master’s Degree in Accounting (MAcc), Master’s Degree in Public Health (MPH), Master’s Degree in Engineering (M.Eng.)), Post-Master’s Degree/Certificate, Diploma/Certificate, Degree of Education Specialist

University level third stage : Research Doctorate (Ph.D.) , Professional doctoral degrees

Source: k12academics

Average Cost of an Associate Degree

Associate of arts (aa), associate of science (as), associate of applied science (aas), associate of nursing (an)/associate degree nurse/nursing (adn), associate of engineering (ae/aeng), etc..

In 2020-2021, the average cost of an associate degree ranged around $11,557 per year from a public institution and $25,667 per year from a private institution, according to NCES .

An associate degree is a 2-year undergraduate academic program that covers the fundamental knowledge of a subject and allows getting a profession twice as fast and at a lower cost than a 4-year college.

Average Cost of a Bachelor’s Degree

Bachelor of arts (ba), bachelor of science (bs), bachelor of applied arts (baa), bachelor of fine arts (bfa), bachelor of technology (b.tech.),  bachelor of engineering (be/beng), etc..

In 2020-2021, the average cost of a bachelor’s degree ranged around $21,337 per year from a public institution and $46,313 per year from a private institution, according to NCES .

The bachelor’s degree is a four-year academic program where students learn about a broad range of subjects and choose their major. It may or may not be preceded by an associate degree.

Average Cost of a Master’s Degree

Master’s degree in business administration (mba), master’s degree in education (m.ed.), master’s degree in accounting (macc), master’s degree in public health (mph), master’s degree in engineering (m.eng.), etc..

The cost of a master’s degree ranges broadly from $30,000 to $120,000 on average, depending on the program, field, school, additional fees, and other factors. STEM programs are more expensive than programs in education, for instance.

A master’s degree gives an opportunity to get deeper into a specific field of expertise. Master’s degree programs require a prior bachelor’s degree (either from the same school or at least in the same subject field) and a follow-up thesis or internship to graduate. 

The cost of a Ph.D. in the US ranges from $28,000 to $40,000 per year

With this being said, we should explain that when it comes to Ph.D. costs and funding, you can have a range of options from full funding plus a stipend to no funding and no stipend

Depending on the school, the type of research, and field of study, the department resources as well as some other things, the amount of the tuition waiver, the stipend, and any other allowances will vary greatly.

Some Ph.D.s are funded as a combination of teaching assistantships and research assistantships, which means that some of the funding comes from the university department, and some come from the individual faculty member grant funding. In this case, a Ph.D. student doesn’t pay anything and usually gets a stipend (=salary). 

Other universities offer doctorate-level degree programs that are either not funded at all or not fully funded. In this case, to pay for a Ph.D., a student has to take loans or work full-time and do a Ph.D. simultaneously, which is quite a challenge, as a Ph.D. is no less than a full-time job.

What Does Ph.D. Cost Depend On?

Choice of school.

The more prestigious college with a long-standing reputation and location offers the most expensive Ph.D. programs. Private programs also usually cost more than public ones. 

Here is an example of average graduate tuition for Ph.D. candidates at Columbia University from 2009 to 2021 (according to Statista ):

Field of Study

STEM and medical programs are usually more expensive than programs in social sciences. 

Type of Ph.D.

There is a difference between a Ph.D. and a professional doctorate degree , though both will give you a doctorate title. The former is an academic and research-focused degree; the latter is a research degree that is focused on the application of research findings into practice. Doctorate programs differ in terms of research complexity. For instance, if you are considering a doctorate program in Psychology, a Ph.D. is heavier on research than Psy.D., which focuses more on clinical training. A Ph.D. also gives you an advantage in the competition for a teaching position.

Location of School

If you live in the same state where the college or university of your choice is located, your doctorate program will cost you less. In-state and out-of-state students pay differently for the same studies. For instance, in the Leeds Ph.D. Program from the Leeds School of Business, “ The 2020-2021 stipend is $30,000 for the academic year. Ph.D. students funded by Leeds School of Business are required to work 20 hours per week as a research or a teaching assistant. The tuition waiver is equal to approximately $16,866 for a Colorado resident and $35,100 for a non-Colorado resident. ”

Amount of Student Loans

If you are unlucky and your program isn’t fully funded, you may consider taking a loan in the amount that’ll cover your program and additional costs. In this case, the overall cost of your Ph.D. will be even higher as interest should be added to the initial loan amount.

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

The average cost of a Ph.D. is $98,800.

A Ph.D. is one of the longest doctorate programs that takes up to 8 years to complete. While some universities offer full funding, most Ph.D. students offset the cost of their degree with teaching assistantships.

Doctor of Education

The average cost of a Doctorate in Education is $111,900.

Doctorate programs in Education are funded on a smaller scale than the ones in STEM subjects. Therefore, students have to offset the cost of the degree with their own funds. They usually choose between a Doctorate in Education and a Ph.D. in Education. The former is more focused on professional practice and is shorter, while a Ph.D. in Education focuses on research and teaching and takes longer to complete.

Doctor of Psychology

The average cost of a Doctorate of Psychology is $132,200.

The same applies to doctorate programs in Psychology: less generous funding, more time to complete a Ph.D. in Psychology (focused on researching and teaching), and less time to complete a Psy.D. in Psychology (focused on direct clinical practice).

How Much Does an Online PhD Cost?

Nowadays, online Ph.D. programs are also broadly available. The average cost of an online Ph.D. program can range from $4,000 to $20,000+ . Over 400 colleges and universities offer online doctorate programs. According to the Research website, here are the five most affordable online schools for doctorate programs:

While some universities claim that they have fully-funded Ph.D. programs, in reality, you need to check the terms and conditions of each in detail. In fact, fully-funded Ph.D. programs are a great privilege, such positions are few, and the competition is insane. Fully-funded Ph.D. programs let a student focus on the research entirely without the need to spend half of the time teaching or assisting others or meeting any other conditions. However, such cases are rare. Here are some of the examples where a Ph.D. program is claimed to be fully funded:

• Columbia University provides full funding to its Ph.D. students doing research in the field of medicine, sciences, public administration and policy.
• Boston College’s Department of Psychology offers a fully-funded, research-oriented doctoral program (to cover 4 or 5 years of research).
• Duke University offers a Ph.D. program in History with multi-year funding packages.
• The Joint Program in Social Work and Social Science at the University of Michigan is also covered by a funding package that includes tuition, stipends, and health care.

A full list of such options can be checked on the Profellow website, where they give comprehensive lists of fully-funded Ph.D. scholarships in every field.

Yet, most of the time, students don’t get full funding, or the funding is conditional and should be compensated by doing certain teaching and research assistant-level work on campus. In other cases, students have to cover all Ph.D. expenses themselves.

Ph.D. Stipend (Salary)

The amount of stipend depends on many factors:

• The amount of a grant that an advisor or a professor has received
• The number of workers needed in the research
• The university rules
• The department’s overall funding potential
• The minimum/average living wage for the county in which the university resides
• The level of program competition

While getting a stipend/salary is better than not getting it at all, its amount is usually not high. In some cases, it’s not enough to cover average living costs.

You can check the information about Ph.D. student stipends and salaries on Phdstipends in many disciplines at universities all over the US and compare the real facts with your expectations. For instance, if you are considering applying for a Ph.D. program at Auburn University, you may find this information useful:

Source: Phdstipends

The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) reported that residents and fellows receive, on average, a mean unweighted stipend of $59,279 for each program year. We retrieved the data as of July 1, 2021, from the AAMC Survey of Resident/Fellow Stipends and Benefits Report:

Also, according to the recent research carried out by two Ph.D. biology students , Ph.D. student salaries in the biological sciences are way below the basic cost of living. We recommend checking the research, as it’s regularly updated, mostly focused on biology science programs, and can serve as a very good illustration of the overall grad student salary situation: a very small percentage of institutions and departments seem to be able to offer salaries above the cost of living threshold.

Source: https://rhettrautsaw.app/shiny/BiologyPhDStipends/

How to Fund a Ph.D.?

According to the Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) (Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities: 2020—the most recent report we’ve found; the next release is expected in November 2022), major sources of Ph.D. funding are

• Research assistantships
• Teaching assistantships
• Fellowships
• Scholarships
• Dissertation grants
• Student’s own resources (loans, personal savings, personal earnings; spouse, partner, or family assistance)
• Other resources (employer reimbursement, foreign support)

Source: NCSES

So, if your Ph.D. program is not fully-funded, here is what you can consider to cover the program parts that are not funded (or an entire program if that’s the case).

Make a Thorough Plan

First of all, you have to clearly understand why you want to pursue this path. Since an average doctorate program lasts for 8 years, which is a very long time, you have to be passionate about your research and have a clear vision of your goals and milestones. This is especially relevant for programs that offer insufficient funding. Do not overestimate your financial potential.

Check Your Ph.D. Program Conditions

If you plan to do research in STEM subjects or medicine, seek the programs that are funded by the National Research Council . There may be options to get financial help either individually or via scholarships. They also fund group and department research projects.

Nongovernmental Research Grants

Apart from governmental, federal, and state grants, there are many other funding alternatives that can be sought out to support research on a particular topic. We encourage you to learn about them all in your field of study. Check Educationusa for more information.

Apply for Assistantships

As an assistant, you will be expected to officially work up to 20 hours a week; however, in reality, you may be working more. There are three major assistantship paths:

• Research assistants help faculty in their research.
• Teaching assistants either assist faculty in teaching or teach classes themselves.
• Graduate assistants usually combine the functions of the ones mentioned above.

Assistantships are usually paid in the form of a salary (stipend) we’ve discussed earlier. Keep in mind, however, that not all departments have resources for assistants, and you will most likely have to compete with other Ph.D. students to get the position.

Apply for Fellowships

Ph.D. fellowships in the US help you get your tuition waived, get a stipend in the amount sufficient enough to cover your living expenses, and allow focusing on research without the need to fulfill any assistantship obligations. To become a fellow, you may need to apply separately to other organizations, as fellowships are frequently offered outside universities. The drawback is that Ph.D. fellowships are highly competitive and, as a rule, don’t cover the full duration of the studies.

Consider Getting Funds from Your Current Job

If you are a Ph.D. student and a current employee at a company, you can also inquire about their employee funding opportunities. Some businesses have financial assistance programs for workers who are getting a Ph.D.

Consider Getting a Loan

While this is an unfavorable option, you shouldn’t wave it aside at once. If your research is important and, at some point, you run out of all funding options, you can take a loan as a last resort.

Here is the number of doctoral degrees earned in the United States in 2019/2020 by field of research (according to Stataista ):

Source: Statista

So where did all those people go? Where can you go after getting your Ph.D.? There has been a clear trend recently for doctorate graduates to go into non-academic employment; however, many stay in the academic field as well. Here are the options that post-doc graduates can choose to pursue:

• A post-doc position at the institution where you got a Ph.D.
• A faculty position at the institution where you got a Ph.D. or at another university
• An adjunct position at your university (non-tenure-track position)
• Teach at an undergraduate institution
• Join a company in your field of specialization
• Become a consultant to policymakers and help put research into practice
• Become a business consultant
• Become an entrepreneur and start your own business
• Work for government and public services
• A career in science communication and science journalism
• Take any path you like

It is true that the job market for new Ph.D. recipients is better or worse in some fields of study than in others every year. While degree and specialization play a crucial role, the industry and the position also influence the amount of the annual pay. According to the Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) , in 2020, in every field, the “ median expected salaries for doctorate recipients committing to jobs in industry or business​ were higher than those in postdocs and academe. ” 

The median salaries for postdocs in almost every field ranged from $50,000 to $55,000 in 2020.

• Postdocs in mathematics and computer sciences were an exception, as their median salary was $61,000 .
• The highest median academic salaries— $85,000 and $90,000 —were reported in engineering and other non-science and engineering fields, such as industry or business. 
• The highest median salaries in industry or business positions— $144,000 —were reported in the fields of mathematics and computer sciences.

Yet, as we’ve already mentioned, getting a Ph.D. comes with financial strings attached. Here is another chart that shows the correlation between the expected salary in a chosen field and the education-related debt. Apparently, doctorate recipients in the science and engineering fields have the lowest median cumulative debt and the highest median expected annual salaries; in business management and administration, graduates have a higher debt but also the highest expected salary of all. As opposed to these, doctorate recipients in the fields of psychology and other non-science and engineering fields are reported to have the highest median cumulative debt and the lowest median expected annual salaries.

As you can see, the topic of Ph.D. cost is quite an extensive one. There are many things that you should be aware of before deciding to pursue the doctorate path, as apart from being a respectable one, it also requires a huge investment .

Remember that your program may not be fully funded, so you’ll have to cover the rest of its cost by other means. Besides, the years you’ll spend doing your doctorate can be spent getting valuable practical experience and gaining a promotion, which is not what Ph.D. programs focus on.

Yet, if research is what you are solely interested in and passionate about and the academic field is where you excel, getting a doctorate degree is well worth the cost and a perfect choice for you.

References:

• 20 most affordable online doctorate programs in 2022 . Research.com. (2022, May 30). Retrieved June 27, 2022, from https://research.com/degrees/most-affordable-online-doctorate-programs
• AAMC survey of resident/fellow stipends and benefits . AAMC. (n.d.). Retrieved June 27, 2022, from https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/students-residents/report/aamc-survey-resident/fellow-stipends-and-benefits
• Average graduate tuition for Phd students at Columbia University 2021 . Statista. (2021, December 13). Retrieved June 27, 2022, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/939141/ivy-league-average-graduate-tuition-phd-students-columbia-university/
• Biology PhD Stipends 2022 . Rhett Rautsaw’s droplet. (2022). Retrieved June 27, 2022, from https://rhettrautsaw.app/shiny/BiologyPhDStipends/
• Digest of Education Statistics, 2021 . National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). (2021). Retrieved June 27, 2022, from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d21/tables/dt21_330.10.asp
• Doctorate recipients from U.S. universities . NSF. (2020). Retrieved June 27, 2022, from https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf22300/
• Hanson, M. (2022, February 3). Average cost of a doctorate degree [2022]: Ph.d., psy.D. more . Education Data Initiative. Retrieved June 27, 2022, from https://educationdata.org/average-cost-of-a-doctorate-degree
• MBA tuition fees (2020/2021): Calculating the cost of your studies . MBA Today. (2021). Retrieved June 27, 2022, from https://www.mba.today/guide/fees
• PhD Stipend Survey Results . Results – phd stipends. (2021). Retrieved June 27, 2022, from https://www.phdstipends.com/results

Natalie Meyers

Natalie Meyers is a freelance writer and editor with more than 15 years of experience. As an English major and a psychology graduate, she worked as a teacher and a counselor. As a writer, she's covered a diverse range of topics from technology to publishing. She is an avid reader who believes that books help us become more authentic versions of ourselves. At BookScouter, she's a smart writer and an expert in all things books.

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Estimated Expense Budget

Main navigation, graduate tuition, 2024-25, three academic quarters of graduate tuition.

Full-time enrollment may be considered 8-10 units per quarter or 11 or more units per quarter depending on the type of financial support and the program.

2024-25 Average Graduate Student Expense Budget

Child Care:  Costs can range from $1,000 - $3,000 per month (or more).

Living Costs for Spouse:  $12,000 (9 months); $16,000 (12 months).

Living Costs for Children:  $3,000 (9 months); $4,000 (12 months).

Medical Insurance for Spouse and/or Children:  See the  Vaden Health Center  web site or contact the Insurance Office at (650) 723-2135 or email  [email protected] .

Taxation:  Fellowship stipends and assistantship salaries are subject to taxation. This tax liability should be included in budget planning.

How Much Does It Cost to Get a PhD in Psychology?

Key Takeaways

• Universities often offer PhD students tuition waivers and stipends to help them cover tuition costs.
• It is typical for PhD students to work as teaching assistantships, research assistantships, or at other positions within the university.
• Public universities are generally the lowest cost option for PhD in psychology students.

While a PhD in psychology can set you up for success for the rest of your life, the associated costs of this degree might turn away many prospective students. If the question “How much does it cost to get a PhD in psychology?” has ever popped up in your head, today is your lucky day because you’re about to get your answer!

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How much does it cost to get a phd in psychology.

The average cost of earning a PhD in psychology ranges from $500 to $1500 per credit hour, excluding personal expenses. The median program costs lie between $30,000 to $50,000 per year, making the degree a huge investment. With most programs requiring 60 to 90 hours, you can expect to spend at least 4-7 years at university before you graduate.

In addition to the tuition costs , other expenses like textbooks and supplies, living costs, and healthcare may add up to a significant amount. When picking out a psychology doctorate program, it’s important to factor in the additional costs. Once the expense sheet is ready, you can decide whether a PhD is worth the shot.

The good news is that, in most cases, you don’t have to bear the full tuition fee. Instead, universities often offer PhD students tuition waivers and stipends to help them cover the heavy costs. Your best bet is to check for these funding opportunities beforehand so that paying for your doctorate doesn’t interfere with your academic journey.

Factors that Influence the Cost of a PhD in Psychology

When it comes to the costs associated with a PhD program, there’s no one-size-fits-all situation. Luckily, the price tag of the doctorate isn’t set in stone. How much you’ll pay for it depends on a number of factors, some of which we have highlighted below:

Books and Materials

After the hefty tuition costs, the next big expense includes textbooks and supplies, which fluctuate based on the specific requirements of your chosen discipline.

For instance, when pursuing a doctorate in clinical psychology , you might need to invest in numerous books, journals, and therapy manuals. On the other hand, for industrial-organizational psychology, you might have to spend on surveys, data analysis software, or organizational assessments.

Regardless of your field of specialization in psychology , you’ll need specific materials and resources for research and study. However, just like other disciplines, most schools offer support to cut down on these expenses either through funding or by allowing access to institutional resources.  

Health and Living

When pursuing a PhD in psychology, it’s important to consider the costs associated with daily life and healthcare. These expenses vary depending on where you choose to study. For instance, major cities in the US tend to have much higher living costs as compared to suburban areas.

While city life offers greater access to resources, research opportunities, and lifestyle choices, it often comes with a hefty price tag. However, you may offset these costs by the annual stipends offered by your school. These stipends help cover living and healthcare expenses so you can focus on research without the financial strain.

Cost of Dissertation

Another critical factor to look for when planning on pursuing a PhD in psychology is the cost of a dissertation. For instance, if your research requires specialized equipment, data collection, or compensation for the participants, these expenses may quickly add up. Your expenses also depend on whether you choose to conduct experiments, surveys, or interviews.

To avoid straining your pocket, it’s important to budget for these expenses and explore research grants or departmental support ahead of time.

The costs you’ll bear for the doctorate also depend on the duration of your degree. Many PhD programs in psychology offer funding for a limited amount of time, typically around four to five years. However, if you require more time to complete your degree, you still have options to secure additional funding.

One common avenue is graduate student employment, such as teaching assistantships, research assistantships, or other positions within the university. You may also apply for “finishing fellowships” to help cover your expenses while you focus on the final stages of your degree.

Type of Institution

On average, tuition at public institutions tends to be lower, averaging around $11,554 per year. In contrast, tuition at private institutions is higher, averaging around $20,015 per year. This huge difference indicates that your decision on the type of institution to attend will play a significant role in deciding the financial burden you’ll carry while earning a PhD in psychology.

When considering your options, it’s best to know the type of institution you wish to attend and explore their aid opportunities. This is because most schools offering PhD in psychology may be way cheaper than the others.

Top Schools for PhD in Psychology

Fortunately, the US is home to some of the leading universities that offer PhD programs in psychology. Depending on your requirements, you may look into factors like program length, tuition fees, and accreditation prior to deciding which school to attend.

To save you the legwork, we have reviewed the top schools for PhD in psychology and highlighted the critical factors to consider:

Stanford University

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Tuition + fees

Student body

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Career Outlook for Psychology degree at Stanford University

Stanford University  is one of the top schools in the US offering a PhD program in psychology. The program offers a deep understanding of theoretical and empirical concepts and helps students cultivate independent research and analytical skills. At SU, academic courses, seminars, and research experiences go hand in hand.

To fulfill the requirements, PhD students need to complete five quarters of teaching assistantship (TA) under the supervision of faculty members. This provides valuable teaching experience and countless opportunities to mentor. Stanford University’s psychology department also actively collaborates with other departments to create a diverse academic environment.

• Program duration: 5 years (full-time)
• Accreditation: Yes (WSCUC)
• Tracks: Affective, Cognitive, Developmental, Neuroscience, or Social Psychology

When it comes to tuition fees at Stanford, here’s what you can expect:

• 8-10 units ($12,240) 11-18 units ($18,829)
• Each Graduate unit above 18 ( $1,255 per unit)
• 1-7 units (Summer only) $1,224 per unit

Harvard University

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Career Outlook for Psychology degree at Harvard University

Harvard University  offers a comprehensive PhD program emphasizing four key areas: Clinical Science, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology, and Cognition, Brain, and Behavior (CBB). These tracks offer students ample opportunities to explore different research topics and complete their dissertations in their preferred subjects.

What makes Harvard stand out is the university’s commitment to providing full financial support to its PhD students for a minimum of five years. These funds cover tuition costs, health insurance fees, and basic living expenses. Since the faculty has a proven track record of publication in various journals, you can expect to be under the guidance of field experts at Harvard.  

• Program duration: 4-6 years
• Accreditation: Yes (New England Commission of Higher Education) 
• Tracks: Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology, and Cognition, Brain, and Behavior (CBB).

When it comes to tuition fees at Harvard University, here’s what you can expect:

• Full Tuition -  Required first two years of study ($54,032)
• Reduced Tuition - Required third and fourth years of study ($14,048)
• Facilities Fee - Required post-fourth year of study ($3,574)
• Active File Fee - Minimum charge for approved non-resident status ($300)

University of Washington

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Career Outlook for Psychology degree at University of Washington

The PhD in psychology program at the University of Washington  is highly flexible and designed to gear you up for various career pathways in research. At its core, the program is mentor-based, so students can receive one-on-one attention from experts in the field. As a prospective PhD student, it’s best to identify potential mentors with expertise in your areas of interest.

Once admitted, you can join hands with your faculty members to dig deeper into the subject you have chosen. While the Department of Psychology at UW offers seven general areas of study, you can only pick one area to pursue. However, it’s worth noting that a PhD degree at the University of Washington typically requires a longer duration than other institutions.

• Program duration: 6-7 years
• Tuition fee: $18,057 (residents) and $31,530 (nonresidents) 
• Accreditation: Yes (NWCCU)
• Tracks: Clinical Psychology, Data Science, Advanced Data Science, Psychology and Astrobiology

Yale University

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Career Outlook for Psychology degree at Yale University

At Yale University , the primary goal of a doctorate in psychology is to train researchers for both academic and applied settings. The aim is to foster individuals who contribute to the expansion of the field of psychology. The university typically admits around 15 students each year who may select one of the five psychology tracks to pursue.

The best part? At Yale, you may also participate in programs that go beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries, such as cognitive, affective, and social neuroscience, as well as health sciences.

• Program duration: 5 years
• Tuition fee: $48,300
• Accreditation: Yes (New England Association of Schools and Colleges)
• Tracks: Clinical Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Neuroscience, and Social/Personality Psychology

University of California, Berkeley

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Career Outlook for Psychology degree at University of California, Berkeley

The University of California, Berkeley , has a PhD program in psychology that strongly focuses on research and offers six tracks, each with minor specializations. Among these tracks, the Clinical Science track is the hardest to secure a spot in.

If you’re worried about costs, UC Berkeley offers funding through different internal awards to ease your financial burden. It also has external support sources like the National Science Foundation and a bunch of extramural fellowships to ensure you have the financial resources necessary to pursue your research.

• Accreditation: Yes (WASC)  
• Tracks: Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Clinical Science, Cognition, Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental, and Social-Personality

When it comes to tuition fees at University of California, here’s what you can expect:

• California residents - $5,850
• Non-residents - $5,850

Financial Aid Programs for Students Enrolling in a PhD in Psychology

If you’re on a budget, earning a PhD in psychology is still possible with the available financial aid options . More often than not, universities and research departments offer teaching or research assistantships as well. Military aid, federal aid, and government scholarships can also help reduce the financial burden. Here’s a list of financial aid programs you can pick from:

Graduate Assistantships

Most universities offering a PhD in psychology also offer graduate assistantship programs. These programs provide tuition waivers and stipends for students undertaking duties such as teaching, research, or monitoring the admin department. These assistantships are a win-win, easing the financial strain while providing years of professional experience to students.

Federal Aid Programs

Alternatively, you may utilize federal aid programs  like the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) to get loans, grants, or work-study benefits.  Once you understand how these government initiatives work, it becomes simpler to get financial support to pursue your PhD in psychology.

Employer-Sponsored Assistance

While not many are aware of it, employer-sponsored assistance is highly popular among candidates pursuing a doctorate in psychology. Luckily, many organizations provide financial support for employees, which is worth exploring. This way, you can complete your degree while your employer looks after your professional development expenses.

Scholarships

You may also opt for scholarships and grants provided by many foundations, particularly to benefit psychology students. Research institutes like the American Psychological Association (APA) and other psychological foundations often open up scholarship opportunities. To maximize your chances of acquiring one, make sure your application stands out!

Private Loans

Once you’ve exhausted other options, you can turn to private loans to pay for your degree. However, don’t forget to thoroughly review terms and conditions, interest rates, and repayment plans before considering this option. Then, compare the benefits and drawbacks to see whether it’s worth it.

Related Questions

Is getting a phd worth it for psychology.

Yes, particularly if you’re more focused on the financial aspects of the journey. The average salary of a PhD psychologist  is around $115,454. Individuals with a doctorate in psychology have a higher earning potential than those with a master’s or bachelor’s degree in the field, making a PhD worthwhile.

How long does it take to complete a doctorate degree in psychology?

Once you’re done with a bachelor’s degree in psychology or a related field, a doctorate in psychology takes you anywhere between  4 and 7 years. However, if you have a master’s degree, your timeframe may be shortened by a few months.

Are there any doctorate psychology programs that are accelerated?

Yes. While the average time to earn a PhD in psychology may take anywhere from six to ten years, it’s possible to accelerate this timeframe. There are plenty of online doctoral degree programs in psychology  that can significantly shorten the time to complete your psychology PhD .

While the question, “How much does it cost to get a PhD in psychology?” can’t be answered with a specific number, we hope this article has given you a fair idea of what it could cost you. If you’re on a budget, we highly recommend thoroughly researching and evaluating different schools and programs before you make a final decision. Remember, there’s various ways to reduce costs. In the end, this degree is highly likely to get you excellent ROI!

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Most doctoral students are concerned with the Ph.D. cost, for earning the prestigious degree may not be worth it if you are left with a mound of debt. It’s a legitimate concern.

Even though we often hear that technological progress makes our society lazy, the facts seem to prove otherwise. If we look at the data regarding the educational level of Americans, we will discover that the number of degree holders has been steadily increasing.

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In 2000, 10.4 million Americans had a master’s degree, whereas, in 2018, this figure climbed to 21 million. The situation is similar regarding doctorate degrees. It is estimated that in 2000, 2 million Americans had a doctorate degree, whereas, in 2018, this number rose to 4,5 million. It means that in a matter of not even two full decades, the number of new Ph.D. holders has more than doubled.

American universities are considered to be among the best in the world. There’s a reason why people from all over the world come to the United States to study. Holders of degrees from the best American universities have an easier time getting into top jobs in the world’s most-known companies.

However, due to the increase in the costs of pursuing higher education, many younger people choose to enroll in online university courses.

The Ph.D. Cost of College Education

The figures we mentioned are true even though college tuition has been dramatically rising recently. In the United States, the situation of Ph.D. students isn’t as dramatic as that of those pursuing Bachelor’s or Master’s degrees.

Although if you combine the fees, tuition, and living expenses, the cost of a Ph.D. that you’ll end up with will be a significant one, most Ph.D. students receive either a stipend or a partial or even full fee waiver. That’s because universities often employ them quarter-time or half-time as teaching assistants or research assistants.

However, the financial help that the students can expect to receive largely depends on the university and their discipline of interest. In the United States, there are more than 4,000 universities, and about one-third award doctoral degrees.

Some of those are public universities, where the cost of a doctorate degree is typically lower, but there are also private universities that do not receive state funding.

Because of that, the cost of a Ph.D. varies depending on what university you choose. Although the average cost of a Ph.D. in private universities is higher, Ph.D. students typically have access to more funding.

The cost of studying at prestigious universities, such as Harvard, Stanford, or Yale, is high, but most places put much effort into supporting students who enroll in Ph.D. programs. On the website of Stanford University, you can find a claim that students who pursue a doctorate degree “receive a five-year funding guarantee which provides tuition aid, fellowship stipend, and assistantship salary.”

However, not all universities are this generous. Oftentimes the help is given by the university as long as the students maintain a GPA above a certain level.

The Growing Popularity of Online Ph.D. and Doctoral Programs

The Internet is a great equalizer, as it allows large swaths of the population to access information in a blink of an eye. Similarly, online Ph.D. courses allow individuals to receive higher education without facing the cost of courses in brick-and-mortar universities.

A study by Babson Survey Research Group found that in 2012, about 50% of students who enrolled in online courses chose universities in their state of residence. In 2016, this number rose to 56%. It means that the primary reason for choosing online courses is their cost.

Getting a good education can open many doors for you. In fact, it has become a barometer for career advancement. A doctorate degree is an investment, as it allows you to find an interesting and great-paying job.

The online Ph.D. degree will have you spending a considerable amount, but it will boost your chances of landing an outstanding, thriving career. However, many young people wonder whether online Ph.D. programs are worth their cost.

In 2020, universities in the United States awarded nearly 56,000 doctorate degrees . This number has been on a steady rise in recent years. With the influx of distance learning opportunities for doctorate programs, statistical projections point to even more Ph.D. students and graduates.

Online Ph.D. programs mean accessibility and convenience. They are offered by at least 200 accredited schools all over the United States in various disciplines. Cost-wise, online Ph.D. programs are significantly less expensive than conventional on-campus programs.

Typically, a program is estimated to cost a minimum of $4,000 to up to $20,000 a year, which includes tuition, book expenses, online registration, and coaching. Attending an online school also saves you transportation costs. This contrasts with doctorate degrees offered in universities that cost almost twice as much, ranging from $30,000 to $40,000 annually.

That said, the cost of an online doctorate degree varies depending on your program of choice and the number of years required for completion. A Ph.D. in Business Management is one of the most sought-after online degree programs. This may be so because it is available in more than 400 accredited online schools with annual tuition ranging from $11,000 to $20,000.

As online degrees have become a rising trend, you will find several opportunities that are rather affordable. Do your research and ask for accredited online doctorate programs that are offered for less. Registering in online schools is an effective cost-saving approach that will keep you from amassing more student loans than you can handle.

Regardless of the discipline or field of study you choose, your capacity to pay for tuition and other costs (or the lack of it) is an important consideration for pursuing a Ph.D. degree. It is important that you at least have your estimates to make informed decisions as you prepare yourself financially for it.

The cost of a Ph.D. program can vary greatly depending on numerous factors, such as the topic and school you choose.

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Why You Should Consider Online Education

If you still aren’t convinced, we have prepared a list of the most popular reasons why people enroll in online courses:

• The number one factor why people choose online education is simple: it’s cheaper. The average cost of online courses is around twice as cheap, so even individuals from impoverished families or those who simply wouldn’t want to get into debt can attend them.

Apart from the education that they have received, new friendships are an invaluable element of university life. Unfortunately, living in dorms isn’t cheap. Though it depends on the location and the university, a student has to be prepared to pay around $10,000 per year.

That’s why even if the cost of an online course is similar to those conducted in traditional universities (which is rarely the case), just by not having to pay for the dorm, students save a lot of money.

Some attend traditional universities by commuting every day to classes. Although it’s a cheaper alternative to living in a dorm, the costs of this daily commute are also not insignificant.

Apart from the cost of gas, there is also yet another price that such students have to pay: lost time. By spending their precious time commuting, they have less time to learn, which places them at a disadvantage. Because of that, their GPA might suffer, and as a result, they might not be eligible for a scholarship.

Even when COVID-19 is dealt with, those policy changes are unlikely to be reversed. However, it is mostly in white-collar jobs where the employees are permitted to work from home. In the case of most blue-collar jobs, it is simply not possible.

In theory, such places are designed with students with disabilities in mind. Still, despite the money and effort dedicated by the universities to make the lives of such individuals easier, it often ends up being too much anyway. Online education presents a unique opportunity for people who wouldn’t attend traditional classes because of health problems.

• Another reason why people choose online education over traditional learning is that they want to develop their skills without having to leave their current jobs. It is especially true in the case of students who are pursuing a master’s degree and a doctorate degree.
• In the case of online universities, it is much easier to change the curriculum so that the knowledge presented to students is updated according to the newest technological advancements. Although online learning has its share of problems, such as the necessity to have an internet connection, it is much easier to deal with certain problems.
• Last but not least, students enrolled in online courses often report that it is much easier to concentrate on learning. That’s because of two reasons. During the classes, students’ attention is solely devoted to the lecturer’s words, as there aren’t any distractions. Some of the students who take part in traditional lectures talk with each other, which makes it harder for their peers to focus on the subject presented in class.

Final Thoughts

Even though pursuing a doctorate degree in an online university would be a great opportunity for many people, there is a perception that potential employers don’t regard online courses highly.

Although it is certainly true that many online universities don’t offer education of high quality, the solution to this problem is simple. Before enrolling in any online classes, you should conduct thorough research.

Attending online classes is more convenient, but it doesn’t mean the classes have to be less demanding.

The COVID-19 pandemic showed us that online education is not only a possibility but that younger generations of students have increasingly more positive opinions about online learning.

Most of us have access to devices that make it possible to connect with others, no matter how far they are. The previously mentioned statistics indicate that currently, most students who enroll in online courses do so out of necessity – it’s cheaper rather than because of mere preference for online learning.

However, in the upcoming years, the percentage of students enrolled in online courses will increase. Already, a significant number of brick-and-mortar universities offer online classes. It seems likely that shortly, the most prestigious universities will place even greater focus on online learning.

Do not get stuck paying for student loans for your lifetime. Find affordable but reputable online doctorate degree programs and figure out ways to become financially capable of pursuing your dreams.

Additional Resource: How to Get Ph.D. Funding

How Much Does an Online PhD Program Cost?

Considering getting your PhD? You are not alone. American universities have awarded nearly 60,000 doctorate degrees in 2016 and has been on a steady incline since 2000 when 40,000 PhDs were awarded. Among these doctorate recipients are many who chose to get their PhDs online.

Online PhD programs are now offered by over 200 accredited schools in a variety of disciplines ranging from computer science , business management, to educational leadership.

Getting an online PhD is, most times, far less expensive than the traditional classroom setting alternative. You can save money on everything from the cost of transportation to actual tuition.

So how much does on online PhD actually cost? Tuition prices vary depending on the aschool’s academic strength and the doctoral discipline you decide to study. The cost of the top online PhD programs , including tuition, books, registration and online coaching, can range from $4,000 to upward of $20,000.

[Check out our ranking of the 50 Most Affordable Online PhD Programs ]

For business professionals holding MBAs, an online PhD in business is very popular. Online business degrees are now available at over 400 accredited colleges and universities. The average tuition for a doctorate degree in business is around $11,000, according to recent surveys. Online PhD programs in Organizational Leadership are also very popular. The average tuition for such a PhD is about $19,500. Online psychology doctorates are another popular program, with programs averaging around $15,000.

An online PhD in Education tends to be the most expensive of doctoral programs. The average price of is over $21,000. Many school administrators, who work throughout the academic year, favor online graduate programs so they can study while working. These doctorate candidates have the benefit of taking summer courses as well. A PhD in Education candidate has a choice of nearly 100 accredited online schools to choose from.

In addition to cost-saving in transportation expenses, an online PhD in your chosen field can be a boost to your income as well. The investment in an online course can bring greater annual income and, in the long run, reduce the overall cost of tuition.

For those with established careers or have been a long time away from the college classroom, online higher degrees have become quite popular. After a long day at work, it is easier for the adult student to be at home or the local library working on his or her thesis. Many online college professors accommodate the working student by scheduling thesis reviews online at the convenience of the student. So if you have employment constraints, responsibilities to family needs, and want to earn a larger paycheck, getting your doctorate online may be the best option. You may miss the chatter of the classroom and the face-to-face counsel of your thesis advisor, but you may find experience quite rewarding and less expensive.

Embrace the convenience of online learning and shape your own path to success.

Explore schools offering programs and courses tailored to your interests, and start your learning journey today.

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How much does a PhD cost?

Study tips Published 29 Jan, 2024  ·  5-minute read

A PhD is a big commitment – you've heard it before. It’s a commitment of time, energy and (yep, you guessed it) money. But financial help is available. So, realistically, how much does it cost to do a PhD?

There’s how much a PhD costs, and then there’s how much a PhD costs after you factor in tuition scholarships . It’s also important to note that the cost of the program itself is only one component of how much you will actually spend doing your PhD.

You also need to consider:

• general living expenses and how you will afford these during the 3-4 years you’ll be studying your Doctor of Philosophy
• student services and amenities fees
• travel and accommodation expenses for non-essential workshops or conferences, should you wish to attend.

Scholarships and financial assistance programs can give you a leg up financially. After all, deciding whether or not to do a PhD shouldn’t just be about if you can afford it.

What is the cost of a PhD?

Let’s tackle this systematically and break down each of the main costs associated with a PhD.

How much do PhD programs cost?

There are 2 key factors that affect the cost of your PhD program:

• the field in which you’re studying
• whether you’re studying full time or part time.

UQ annual PhD tuition fees (based on 2024 figures)

For the most up-to-date tuition fees, visit the HDR tuition fees page .

Of course, everyone’s PhD journey differs, and students can take anywhere between 3 and 4 years to complete their PhD full time, and 6 to sometimes 8 years to complete it part time. This is why we’ve broken down fees per year, even though they’re actually charged per research quarter at UQ.

With this in mind, we’ve also included the below table, to outline how much an average PhD at UQ would cost, based on our findings that students typically finish their PhD in 3 years and 9 months .

UQ total PhD tuition fees (based on a PhD duration of 3.75 years and 2022 figures)

These figures can look super daunting at first, but it’s important to note that most students in Australia don’t undertake a PhD without securing a scholarship that will cover all of their tuition fees.

Browse PhD scholarships

Student services and amenities fees (SSAF)

Another key cost of doing a PhD is the student services and amenities fee, which is also charged per research quarter. It’s typically the same amount per quarter, but the cost does differ depending on whether you’re studying full time or part time, and if you’re away for a short period on field work (remote).

UQ student services and amenities fee for HDR students (based on 2022 figures)

*UQ does not offer fully remote PhDs.

You can apply for an SA-HELP loan to defer your SSAF. There’s no limit to the amount you can charge to the loan; however, you will need to start paying it back once you begin earning a salary over the compulsory repayment threshold ($51,550 as of 1 July 2023).

For the most up-to-date SSAF details, visit the student services and amenities page .

What’s the cost of living during a PhD?

This expense isn’t quite as straightforward to calculate as tuition costs and is largely dependent on your lifestyle and where you live. If you’ve been a student for some time already, you probably have pretty strong budgeting game – but here are a few essential expenses that you can break down to better assess your weekly cost of living while doing your PhD:

• bills (utilities, internet, phone)
• transport (public or fuel)
• recreation.

Explore the cost of living in Brisbane .

You can apply for a living stipend scholarship while you do your PhD to assist with the cost of living while studying. This scholarship provides  $33,641 a year  (for 3.5 years with the possibility of extension), so that’s about $647 a week to cover all the costs listed above. If that doesn’t quite fund your living expenses, you can look at a range of other scholarships that may provide further financial support.

Find out more about how to secure a living stipend scholarship while you complete your PhD.

What kind of travel and accommodation expenses are associated with a PhD?

Some PhD projects require you to travel outside the area in which you live to conduct research. Any travel that’s essential for your research should be factored in by your supervisor and school or institute at the time of application. However, sometimes there are conferences or workshops that you may wish to attend, that aren’t ‘essential’, but would be beneficial to your professional development. There may be scholarships available to you that include travel and accommodation allowances for these additional, non-essential research-related activities.

PhDs obviously don’t come cheap. But the upside is that there’s accessible funding and scholarship support for both tuition and living expenses. And unlike undergrad student loans, you don’t have to defer fees and pay them back down the track (except for your SSAF).

At UQ, you’ll apply for tuition and living stipend scholarships offered by UQ at the same time as your PhD application. Scholarships are awarded based on academic performance, evidence of research capability and the quality of your research project – much the same as the criteria for having your PhD proposal approved (if required).

The important thing is to go into your PhD with a realistic outlook and a backup plan when it comes to finances. You want to know that you can carry your research through to completion, and that means having a financial plan, as well as the academic drive, to make this possible.

To find out more about the PhD application process, read our comprehensive guide on how to get a PhD .

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How to get a PhD

• How Much Does a PhD Cost in the UK?
• Funding a PhD

Choosing to dedicate the next few years of your life towards a PhD is no light decision. Not only will it require you to dedicate an extensive amount of your personal time, but you’ll also need to consider how you’ll fund it. This raises the question, how much does a PhD cost in the UK?

The cost of a PhD can be divided into three key areas; tuition fees, living expenses and research expenditures. The combined cost of these are approximately  £20,000 per year  for UK students and can increase to over  £40,000 per year  for international students. A more in-depth breakdown of these costs can be found below. We’ve also compared these costs to other countries and outlined the various methods available to you to fund your PhD studies.

Tuition Fees

For UK ‘home’ students, the tuition fee for a PhD varies between £3,000 to £6,000 per academic year. For 2023/24 programmes, most universities opt for £4,712 per year within this range. Although this number may seem a little odd, it’s commonly adopted due to being the indicative rate set by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) for UK universities.

International Fees

Unlike for UK applicants, the rates for international students don’t align with the indicative level set by UKRI. Following the implementation of Brexit, EU students now follow the same fee rates as other international students. International students will find that their tuition fees are higher than those of home students. For example, at the time of writing, the average annual PhD tuition charge at the University of Dundee is £4,825 for home students undertaking an Engineering PhD. This same average is £25,305 for international students.

International applicants will also find that the fee for PhDs in STEM subjects are greater than those in non-STEM subjects. For example, at the University of Bristol, a doctorate degree in Mechanical Engineering costs £25,300 per year whilst a doctorate in Medieval Studies costs £20,100 per year.

To summarise, international students can expect a tuition fee of between £16,000 to £25,000 per year, with an average of around £19,600 per academic year. Non-STEM subjects will generally be at the lower end of the range, whilst STEM subjects will be at the higher end of the range.

Part-time Fees

The above fees are based on full-time postgraduate study. If you’re doing a part-time PhD, you can expect the fee to be half of these amounts. Although this may appear to be a cheaper option, keep in mind that the average duration of part-time PhDs are twice that of full-time PhDs. Therefore, the total tuition cost will amount to the same value and the end of both courses.

Other Degree-related Costs

Research support fees.

If your research project requires a high use of consumables, equipment or other resources, you may have to support the cost of these through an additional annual fee. This additional annual fee, often referred to as either a ‘research support’ or ‘bench’ fee, often apply to laboratory-based STEM research projects. Bench fees vary between different projects, even those within the same field. Therefore, it is best to speak to the admissions team on a project-by-project basis to receive anything useful.

Another cost you will need to account for is travelling. As part of your degree, many supervisors will expect you to attend conferences, training workshops, or other collaboration opportunities. As a result, you will often need to travel to various destinations which aren’t always limited to the UK. Although some programmes will cover these costs, it’s not unheard of that some positions will expect you to fund this yourself. It’s impossible to put a value on this, as the extent of travel depends on each project. Therefore, it would be wise to speak with the admissions team and current PhD students. They can provide you with an accurate estimate and let you know whether the university will cover the expenses.

Overtime Period Fee

When you’re enrolled into a PhD programme, you will be given a period to complete your PhD within. This period is known as your ‘registration period’ and is usually 3-4 years for a full-time PhD and 6-7 years for a part-time PhD. If you’re given an extension due to not completing your PhD study within this time, you will need to pay an overtime registration fee. Although the amount depends on each university, the University of Leeds sets theirs as £290 for 2023/24.

Living Costs

From a 2022 survey of over 2,300 university students , the average living cost, covering expenditures such as rent, bills, food and recreation, was £924 per month. This equates to £11,088 per year.

Although this is an average cost, your true cost of living will depend on your location. Living in major cities such as London will draw significantly higher rent and travel costs than living in more rural locations. Although your living situation will in large be driven by the university you undertake your PhD with, you should factor it in when deciding which universities to apply to.

To put this into perspective, the survey average of £11,088 per year uses a rent average of £418 per month. In London, this average increases to £650 a month and can surpass £1,000 if staying in university halls or private student accommodation. This is supported by University College London (UCL) who state you should expect an average rent of £1,028 per month if living in private accommodation around their university.

Tip  – You can use this handy calculator for an estimated average cost of living for any UK university. All you need to do is select the university, and the calculator does all the rest.

If you’re an international student, you should factor in return flights back home. Although this may seem like a small expenditure compared to tuition fees and rent, they can add up quickly depending on the frequency and distance of your trip.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

How to Fund Your PhD

Studentships.

A studentship is a form of scholarship for doctoral students. They can either be partially funded, which cover tuition fees only, or fully funded, which also covers living costs through a ‘stipend’.

Studentships can be found in various places. Research Councils (RCUK) and European Social Fund (ESF) make funding available to university departments, who in turn make the funding available to doctoral students. Therefore, you will find that there are many postgraduate funding opportunities available to you, with the best places to look being the RCUK and ESF websites and the university departments themselves. External institutions which focus on research and development such as research trusts and charities would also be a useful place to look for a funded PhD.

Doctoral Loans

If you’re a UK student, you may qualify for a Postgraduate Doctoral Loan from Student Finance England. This form of financial aid is available for nearly all postgraduate research degrees undertaken in a higher education setting. They will allow you to borrow up to a total of £28,673 for 2023/24 courses .

Graduate Teaching Assistantships

Graduate Teaching Assistantships are a form of studentships which allow you to teach undergraduates as part of your research degree. This not only helps improve your academic skills, but it also enables you to receive a salary whilst you’re studying. As well as teaching assistantships, some departments also provide opportunities for demonstrations, marking papers, and tutorial support. The amount you can earn through these schemes will depend on how many hours you work and what agreements you make with your supervisor or course leader.

Working Whilst You Study – Part-time PhDs

A research student may opt for a part-time PhD as opposed to a full-time one. Although this would double the duration of their studies, it allows them to take on a part-time job to improve their financial situation. For students going down this route, it would be highly beneficial to pick up a part-time role in a position related to your industry. This will help refine your skills and increase your employability within this career role should you choose to pursue it after your degree.

If you’re an international student, keep in mind that you’ll likely be on a study visa. Therefore, there’ll be certain restrictions on what you can and can’t do alongside your study.

How Does This Compare to the Fees in Other Countries?

When considering the tuition fee of PhDs across different countries, the United Kingdom is generally considered as being in the ‘middle-ground‘ region.

A handful of countries offer PhD programmes for free. These include, but are not limited to, Denmark, Greece, Iceland, Norway and Poland.

The middle-ground region comprises countries such as Austria, Spain, Russia and New Zealand where postgraduate fees range from £1,400 to £4,000 per academic year.

The upper-end region comprises countries such as Hong Kong and the United States, where postgraduate tuition fees for a PhD student can go up to £33,000 per year.

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How long does it take for a college degree to pay off? For many, it's 5 years or less.

By Aimee Picchi

Edited By Anne Marie Lee

Updated on: May 10, 2024 / 12:43 PM EDT / CBS News

One of the major questions facing families today is whether a college degree is worth the expense, given rising tuition and fees that can saddle graduates with tens of thousands in student loan debt. Today, a majority of Americans don't think the cost can be justified.

But a new analysis finds that most post-secondary degrees provide a payoff within less than five years after graduation for low- and moderate-income students, although that time frame can largely depend on the type of school and program that a student chooses. The analysis, from the HEA Group and the educational nonprofit College Futures Foundation, focuses on graduates in California, the state with the largest number of enrolled college students.

The study examined families earning $75,000 or less given that these students may be more likely to skip higher education due to fears that pursuing a post-secondary degree may not pay off, even though a college degree could help them get an economic foothold. For this group of students, almost 4 of 5 California colleges and other higher education institutions provide a return on investment within five years, the research found.

"The No. 1 deterrent for a student not to pursue a college degree is affordability — they simply think they can't afford the cost of a higher education," HEA Group founder Michael Itzkowitz told CBS MoneyWatch. 

But the study found that many low- and middle-income students are getting "an affordable education that allows for enough of an earnings premium that they can pay down their college education very quickly," he added.

The schools with the best return on investment for low- and middle-income students include many of California's state colleges, which tend to be lower-priced than nonprofit private universities, he noted. Itzkowitz said he believes the findings have applicability across the U.S. because students across the nation likewise have access to state colleges and universities that offer lower-cost degree programs compared with private institutions.

The findings echo recent a recent analysis of 1,500 colleges by Bloomberg News, which found that Ivy League universities like Yale and Harvard provide the best return on investment due to high salaries earned by their grads. But students who don't gain acceptance to one the Ivies are often better off attending state colleges, rather than high-priced private institutions, given that public institutions' lower cost of attendance result in a better return on investment.

Even though many students incur debt when pursuing a college degree, graduates are typically rewarded in the workplace with higher earnings, a benefit that accrues across their career. Despite Americans' increasing skepticism about the value of college, the typical college grad now earns about $60,000 annually, compared with $36,000 for people with only high school degrees, according to data from the New York Federal Reserve Bank.

Over a lifetime, that college wage premium can translate into a huge financial advantage. For instance, baby boomers with bachelor's degrees have median retirement savings of almost $600,000, but those with only a high school diploma have only about $75,000 socked away, a recent study found .

Colleges offering the biggest payoff

To examine a school's return on investment, the analysis looked at data from the U.S. Department of Education's College Scorecard to examine the earnings premium for 731,000 low- and moderate income graduates in California. 

The analysis then looked at the net cost that students pay to complete a degree, which is tuition and other fees minus scholarships and grants, times the number of years required to earn a degree. Comparing the earnings premium that college grads receive versus their net cost of getting their degree indicates how long it takes to get a return on investment.

For instance, the study found the net cost of earning a bachelor's degree at California State University, San Bernardino, stands at about $5,373. But graduates of that university earn about $28,000 more per year than people with only a high school degree. As a result, CSU San Bernardino grads are able to earn a return on their investment after just a few months of graduating — giving it the second-best return on investment among all California schools.

The pricier Stanford University offers the best return on investment, with low- and moderate-income students basically able to recoup their costs as soon as they graduate. That's due partly to the wage premium given to Stanford grads, who typically earn about $74,000 more annually than people with only high school degrees. 

But Stanford, like other top-rated colleges, accepts a smaller share of low- and moderate-income students compared with state schools, the study found. 

"There are many state schools that are often the best option for students to consider," Itzkowitz said. "They oftentimes include in-state tuition, which is much less expensive than out-of-state tuition, and they can offer generous scholarships and provide strong economic opportunities."

Schools with red flags

The analysis also found some red flags, with about 20% of higher education programs providing no ROI. Basically, graduates will never earn enough to offset the cost of attendance, because their earnings are likely to remain lower than those of high school graduates.

These tend to be for-profit schools that offer certificate programs in industries such as cosmetology, the study found. 

Because of these pitfalls, students should research schools and colleges to learn about typical graduates' economic outcomes before committing to a program, Itzkowitz noted. 

"It's critical that students are more discerning than ever, because it's one of the most important decision you'll ever make," he noted. 

Aimee Picchi is the associate managing editor for CBS MoneyWatch, where she covers business and personal finance. She previously worked at Bloomberg News and has written for national news outlets including USA Today and Consumer Reports.

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