why is it important to study criminal justice essay

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Ask an Expert: Why Is Criminal Justice Important?

When you have a difficult question, it’s always best to turn to a subject matter expert for answers. In our blog series, Ask An Expert , National University faculty take turns answering challenging questions in their areas of expertise.

In this post, we put the focus on criminal justice. We sat down with Professor Marc Bailey of the School of Professional Studies and asked him to share a few insights on why criminal justice is important . A reserve police officer and former television news anchor, Bailey teaches in the bachelor’s in criminal justice online program and serves as the Director of Public Safety Outreach for National University. He also earned his bachelor’s in business administration and master’s in organizational leadership from NU.

Criminal justice touches on all aspects of our lives and in ways that most people might not think about. Criminal justice is important because it’s a system that includes law enforcement, courts, prisons, counseling services, and a number of other organizations and agencies that people come into contact with on a daily basis.

The criminal justice system is any organization that touches upon the question of law and order in society. As an individual, you can come in contact with the criminal justice system in a number of ways. If you come in contact with a cop out on the street, you come in contact with the criminal justice system. If you are called to jury duty, you’ve come in contact with the criminal justice system. Our prison system is part of the criminal justice system. Our courts are part of the criminal justice system. Our law enforcement is part of the criminal justice system.

When you vote on laws and legislation, you’re voting to influence the criminal justice system. Those laws impact individuals in terms of delineating what society will and will not accept. These laws also then dictate how police officers are going to conduct business; they determine sentencing guidelines and who’s going to be kept in custody. When people get out on probation, that’s part of the criminal justice system. Once you’ve been released from custody, that doesn’t mean you’ve been released from the criminal justice system. If you’re on parole or probation, you’re still very much connected with the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system ripples through society from top to bottom because when you incarcerate somebody, you’re not just affecting them. This criminal justice system is so much bigger than the average citizen realizes and so much more interconnected.

So the criminal justice system is a huge part of our society and a huge amount of your tax dollars are going to support this criminal justice system. Yet most people are really only aware of bits and pieces of it.

Q: You currently work as a reserve officer for the El Cajon Police Department, but besides law enforcement, you’ve had a career in the media and in education. Can you talk a little bit about how you got into law enforcement in the first place, and your career trajectory since then?

I started as a police officer with San Diego in 1979. While still working as a young officer, I got my bachelor’s degree business in 1982 from National University. I left law enforcement after about five years and I had a career in radio and television for over 35 years. All kinds of TV, but a major portion of that was as a news anchor, locally and nationally.

From the time I was a child, I knew I wanted to be in radio and television, but I really had a drive to serve my community. When I went into law enforcement in the first place, my approach was a little different than most folks. I told the recruiting officer, ‘I want to serve. Law enforcement allows me to serve in my community, right where I grew up. And I’ll give you four years minimum and then we’ll see where it goes from there and see if it becomes a career.’ And the recruiter said: ‘Wow, that’s a different take. I’ve never really heard that before. Yeah, we’ll take you on that basis, if you’ll give us four years guaranteed.’

I could very easily have stayed in law enforcement and had a great career and really enjoyed it, but I had this other thing that made me want to talk all the time, as you might be able to tell from this conversation!

Q: You left law enforcement to transition to a career in media, but you eventually came back as a reserve officer. What is a reserve officer, and why do you do it?

About 10 years ago, while still working in radio and television, I felt the calling to go back into law enforcement. But at that point, I didn’t want to give up my well-established media career, so I went back as a reserve officer. In California, that means you have to have all the same qualifications and training as a full-time officer. I had to go back and re-certify, which I did as a volunteer. And now for the last 10 years, I still work at least 8 to 12 hours one day a week out in the field, answering radio calls like every other cop. You wouldn’t know me from a full-time cop. There is essentially no difference, except I don’t get paid.

I jokingly say, ‘I don’t play golf, so everybody needs a hobby.’ And part of that’s true because I still really enjoy it more than anything else that I could imagine doing. But the truth of the matter is that it’s a calling. There’s no logical explanation for putting on all the gear, a ballistic vest, a sidearm, a taser, a baton, pepper spray, a knife, another weapon hidden away on my body. I feel a deep responsibility to contribute to society whatever tools and gifts that I have.

The truth of the matter is, I love it. I frequently will text my wife when I’m out answering radio calls and I say: ‘I’m in my happy place today.’

Q: What kind of support does National offer to people working in criminal justice who want to pursue further education?

The chancellor here at National is committed to supporting police officers and others working in public safety in achieving their educational goals. If you’re in public safety, if you work for a police department, anywhere in the country or world, you’ve got a 25 percent scholarship at National University for any of our degree programs. It doesn’t matter if you’re not a cop, or you’re working in the property room or in the evidence lab, you are eligible for law enforcement scholarships for any academic program.

We also give these professionals as much credit towards their degree for their prior training as we can. We worked really hard with faculty, with the registrar, and with our accrediting bodies to look at basic training, like the police academy, and see where that aligns with our degree programs.

The training that you get in a police academy aligns really well with criminal justice, homeland security, and public administration — but especially criminal justice. There are normally 17 upper division classes in the bachelor’s of criminal justice degree, but you can cross off as many as seven of those based on what you’ve already learned. For degrees like criminal justice, it’s really a two-part offer with the law enforcement scholarship and recognition of prior training.

We also recognize some training in other states, but every state has different training standards. For example, we’ve implemented articulation with the marshal service, because their training is the same throughout the entire country. We can give them extra credit in those degree programs that I mentioned. Throughout the state of California, we’ve also articulated the training with other agencies like Probation and Detentions, that have different training than what the police officers have.

For the police officers, we’ve looked at five other states. In Nevada, for example, we’ve looked at their statewide academy training and we’ve articulated that. It’s not as much credit as California, because California’s police academy is the most robust in the nation, but we can still award substantial credit to police officers who have been through the academy in Nevada.

Q: How do the flexible options at National University help working adults fit their education into already busy lives?

National University was the only place that I could take all my units from community college and the four-year schools that I had gone to and concentrate on one class per month. A few others do it now, but we pioneered the one-class-a-month format in 1971 to support an adult population, especially military, who couldn’t commit to a full semester. Now we’ve found that this translates to adult learners in general.

This format is still incredibly applicable to those in public safety who are doing shift work. They’ve got a family, they’ve got their career, they got all these units that they don’t know how to turn into a degree. And on top of that, they’re doing crazy shifts. Not only do we do one class per month, but we can offer entirely online degrees for most of our classes without diminishing the quality of the education. And we can also offer the online degrees asynchronously so that you don’t even have to log in at a particular time. You can get online and do your work anytime and the professor is still available to you, you can still interact with your classmates, but you do it on your time. It’s more accessible now than it’s ever been.

Q: Why should prospective students think about earning a bachelor’s of criminal justice at National University? Why is criminal justice important?

A lot of law enforcement professionals naturally gravitate towards criminal justice, because it most directly benefits them and they can apply it in the field immediately. And that’s what we pride ourselves on in our classes. We want you to take what you learned in class and that day take it out to work with you that day.

But a degree in criminal justice can be useful even if you don’t want to be a cop. Understanding the criminal justice system as the whole of all these integrated parts gives you a broad perspective that most people don’t have. It makes you look for integrated and systems-oriented solutions as opposed to quick fixes.

That kind of systems thinking and integrated problem-solving will serve you in any profession, anywhere in the world, in anything that you do. We need new ways to look at problems and how to solve them. And if you decide to go into the field of criminal justice, you’ll go in with your eyes wide open to the fact that it’s a whole lot more complicated than people think.

Studying Criminal Justice at National University

While a bachelor’s degree is not a requirement to become an officer in a local police department, postsecondary education can be important in being promoted to supervisory or other leadership positions. Many agencies will also offer raises when employees complete degrees. According to the Police Foundation, almost 75 percent of law enforcement agencies pay police officers an extra 1-7.49 percent for earning a bachelor’s degree.

Federal agencies such as the FBI and CIA require a bachelor’s degree and other additional training for most positions. In 2017, the median pay for police officers and detectives was $62,960 nationally, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics . California has more law enforcement jobs than any other state in the country, employing nearly 73,000 sheriffs and police patrol officers. The annual mean wage in California was $100,090 was 2017.

At National, students can choose between earning a bachelor’s in criminal justice online or taking classes at one of National’s physical campuses in California and Nevada. Students study forensic science, research methods, juvenile justice, corrections, criminology, leadership and management, civil and criminal investigations, court systems, and criminal law.

Elective courses from psychology, sociology, addictive disorders, behavioral science, legal studies, information technology, and human resource management also allow program participants to gain a broader perspective in human behavior. Students also complete a senior capstone project in collaboration with faculty many of whom are also active professionals in various branches of the criminal justice field. Classes are offered in a one-per-month format that allows students to balance their education with personal and professional commitments.

In addition to the bachelor’s of criminal justice online and on campus, National University also offers a Master of Science in Criminal Justice Leadership . Four unique transition programs allow students in the undergraduate Criminal Justice program to take up to two graduate courses in the Master of Science in Criminal Justice, Master of Forensic Science Program, Master of Public Administration Program, or Master of Science in Juvenile Justice. The courses count as electives in the bachelor’s program and allow students to get a head start on a graduate degree. Students must earn at least a 3.0 GPA to be eligible for the transition programs.

You can learn more about National University’s Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice Administration, as well download information about criminal justice careers, law enforcement scholarship opportunities, and how to get CA POST police academy training credit — all on our law and criminal justice degrees program page .

About Our Expert 

Marc Bailey joined National University in 2016 after a 35-year career as an Emmy-winning news anchor, host, and producer. He is also a Veteran law enforcement professional, joining the San Diego Police Department in the late 1970s. He currently volunteers as an El Cajon police reserve sergeant. Bailey earned a bachelor’s of business administration and a master’s in organizational leadership from National University. As a professor, he has taught investigations, media and policing, corrections, and juvenile justice, among other criminal justice courses.

Bailey  joined National University in 2016 as the Director of Innovative Digital Media. He currently serves as the Director of Public Safety Outreach. In that position, he promotes education in the public safety sector, by informing law enforcement professionals about scholarships and credit for prior learning. He regularly visits law enforcement agencies around California to share information about opportunities to earn a bachelor’s of criminal justice online and other degree programs at National University.

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Why is criminal justice important.

Criminal justice is the process by which the government enforces laws, punishes those who violate them, and keeps community members safe. This may sound straightforward, but victims, suspects, and individuals who have broken the law all have rights that must be respected, and balancing those rights is integral to preserving true justice at every level. This makes it crucial that individuals working in criminal justice have training, expertise, and education.

But why is criminal justice important to maintaining this balance? And how is the system designed to do so?

The Three Pillars of the U.S. Criminal Justice System

To understand how the criminal justice system protects everyone’s rights, it’s important to understand its three sectors: law enforcement, the court system, and corrections. Cases involving disputes between people or organizations are deemed civil cases, which are bound by different rules and result in different outcomes.

Police and Law Enforcement

Law enforcement agencies protect the public and uphold the laws in their jurisdictions. The scope of any individual law enforcement officer’s duties depends wholly on the type of agency they work for.

In the United States, there are three main types of law enforcement agencies:

Local law enforcement agencies . Officers in these agencies patrol their local jurisdictions, respond to crises, and investigate crimes. Officers who work at the local level include sheriffs, deputies, detectives, and uniformed patrol officers.

State law enforcement agencies. Officers in state agencies handle crimes that span multiple jurisdictions. They also aid local agencies in complex investigations and share resources with them such as forensic laboratories.

Federal law enforcement agencies. Examples of federal law enforcement agencies include the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Drug Enforcement Administration, and Department of Homeland Security. These agencies have specific areas of focus but often handle crimes that occur across multiple states and violate federal law. These include incidents of human trafficking, cybercrime , domestic terrorism, and white collar crime.

When a law enforcement officer arrests a suspect, they must clearly advise them of their Miranda rights, which include the right to an attorney and the right to remain silent. This is important to preserving a suspect’s constitutional rights. If suspects are not read their rights, prosecutors may not be able to use anything they say in court.

The Court System

Courts operate at the federal and state level, with most criminal cases handled by state courts, according to the Court Statistics Project and U.S. Courts. In 2022, there were about 10.8 million new state cases and only about 71,000 new federal cases. At both levels, the type of court most involved with criminal cases is the trial court.

In trial courts, people accused of crimes, called defendants, have the opportunity to argue against the accusations. They are represented by defense attorneys. Prosecutors representing the government attempt to prove the defendants’ guilt. Both sides can use physical evidence, witnesses, and other means to make their cases.

Defendants have the right to have their cases presented before a jury. However, they can waive this right and opt to have a judge decide their case instead. If defendants are found guilty, the judge sentences them based on mandatory sentencing laws, information from the trial, and input from prosecutors.

If a defendant thinks their trial or sentence is unjust, they can make an appeal before an appellate court. Common reasons for appeal include the exclusion of key evidence and jury misconduct. This application of criminal justice is important to ensuring punishments are administered fairly and consistently.

Corrections

After a judge has determined a defendant’s sentence in a criminal case, that sentence is carried out by the third element of the justice system: the corrections system. People convicted of crimes generally receive one of two types of sentences.

Incarceration

The type of sentence most common in criminal cases is incarceration. People given short sentences often serve time in city or county jails. Those given longer sentences for more serious crimes typically serve their sentences in prisons. Each state operates prisons for inmates convicted by their own courts. The federal government does the same.

Individuals who have broken the law for the first time and people convicted of less serious crimes are often sentenced to probation. Probationers are free to go about their daily lives but must adhere to certain rules. This often includes maintaining employment, performing community service, and submitting to drug tests.

If a probationer doesn’t adhere to the terms of their probation, they may face incarceration. Probation officers oversee this process. Officers can also connect probationers to substance misuse recovery programs and other resources that promote the successful completion of probation.

The Importance of Criminal Justice a Just Society

The main reason that criminal justice is important is that it protects the public. But this is only one way to meet this goal. The different sectors of the criminal justice system also protect society by fostering justice in other meaningful ways.

For example, in 2021, the Raleigh Police Department created a task force composed of police officers and social workers. When possible, the team connects people experiencing mental illness, houselessness, or other chronic issues with relevant resources. In its first year and a half, the team helped over 500 people in crisis who may have otherwise been arrested then released, and gone without help.

A needs-based approach can be equally powerful in the corrections sector. According to a 2023 study published in The American Journal of Criminal Justice, inmates who participate in prison education programs are often much less likely to reoffend upon their release. For instance, those who participated in vocational training programs were 15.6% less likely to reoffend. Those who took college courses while incarcerated were 41.5% less likely to reoffend.

The court system plays its part by connecting people with public defenders, victims’ rights advocates, and other specialized personnel. Along with the appeal system, this ensures proceedings are fair and that courts can be held accountable for their decisions.

Find Your Role in Creating a More Just Society

For the criminal justice system to work effectively, everyone from corrections officers to forensic investigators must take a critical approach to their duties. The online Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice degree completion program at East Carolina University® prepares students to do just that.

Through core classes that focus on research and the mechanics of the criminal justice system, students enrolled in the program can develop a deep understanding of how the system works and the most pressing issues it faces. On this foundation, students build their skill set by learning about topics such as juvenile justice, white collar crime, and justice administration.

ECU’s evidence-based curriculum is designed to help students prepare to enter any sector of the criminal justice system. And with a flexible online format, more students than ever can complete the program and launch a criminal justice career, where they can play an important role in making society safer and more just. To find out what that means for your own future, explore ECU’s evidence-based curriculum and your financial aid options , and request more information today.

American Journal of Criminal Justice, “Are Schools in Prison Worth It? The Effects and Economic Returns of Prison Education”

Court Statistics Project, CSP STAT Criminal

United States Courts, Court Role and Structure

United States Courts, Federal Judicial Caseload Statistics 2022

WRAL, “Gentle Policing: Social Workers Team Up With Raleigh Officers to Successfully Respond to Over 1,000 Calls”

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School for Thought: Why Study Criminal Justice?

Criminal justice is a rewarding, highly-specialized and highly-respected field, for both men and women alike. If you are looking for an exciting and impactful profession – whether you are just out of high school or shifting career paths – you may be considering a criminal justice career.

As an aspiring criminal justice student, you likely have a lot of questions. What are the benefits involved with a criminal justice career? What can you expect? And, perhaps most on your mind, why study criminal justice at all? As a leading criminal justice school in Connecticut, Goodwin University outlines the top reasons why our students choose to pursue a criminal justice major.

• You get to help people in need, and keep others out of harm’s way.

At the heart of the criminal justice field lies a goal: to keep individuals, communities, and populations safe. Every day, criminal justice professionals work towards this, protecting their communities, investigating crime, and enforcing laws and policies to ensure everyone’s safety is prioritized.

If you desire to make an impact in the lives of others, then the criminal justice field may just be for you. Many individuals choose to study criminal justice because they want to make a difference. They desire to help those in need, protect the greater good, and serve the people above all else. Within criminal justice, you can work with victims of crime, assist in solving crimes, or help prevent crime in your community.

• There is a vast variety of career options available in the field.

Whether you are looking to get involved with law enforcement, cybercrime, detective work, or even probation and parole, the job options within the criminal justice system are endless. That is why so many people choose to work in this thriving field. The criminal justice field allows individuals to find their strengths and passions, and fulfill careers that align with those exactly.

Criminal justice careers can involve protecting and securing others, advocating for victims of crime, counseling and rehabilitating criminals, or even investigating on-the-scene evidence. But this is just the beginning. With the right education and experience, you can work in settings such as:

• Community Health Centers
• Corrections
• Customs and Border Protection
• Drug Enforcement Agency
• Federal Bureau of Prisons
• Immigration and Customs Enforcement
• Law Enforcement
• Social Services
• Private and Personal Security Agencies
• Transportation Security Administration
• Judiciary and Law
• Teaching and Research
• Criminal justice careers go beyond your 9 to 5, where every day is excitingly unique.

Many people turn towards the criminal justice field because it is exciting. For many professionals – such as police officers and private investigators – no two days are the same. If you are looking for a career beyond the typical desk job, where there is no falling into routine, then criminal justice is a great option for you. Being a part of the criminal justice field can mean amazing experiences, as well. As you build credence in the profession, you will have the opportunity to travel, meet very impactful people (such as governors), and take part in many important local or federal events.

Criminal justice school offers many exciting experiences, as well, which is another great reason to study criminal justice. In a reputable criminal justice program , you will be given the opportunity to pursue internships in a variety of active career settings, working under real-life professionals in the field. Criminal justice courses, such as the ones at Goodwin University, are also taught by industry leaders and active or retired members of the force – giving you expert, inside knowledge that you cannot gain from any textbook.

• There will always be a need for criminal justice majors.

Public security and safety are always a necessity, so there will always be an unwavering need for officers and detectives to step up. If you are looking for a great level of job security and stability – combined with constant opportunities for career advancement, and substantial benefits – criminal justice is a great career choice. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , employment of detectives, investigators, police officers, transit police, and game wardens are all expected to rise in the coming years.

Many people will choose criminal justice for its growth and advancement opportunities. As you put years into the field, you can expect to earn higher job titles and greater salaries along the way. Many criminal justice careers also offer early retirement at a higher rate of accrual, meaning you will be able to retire younger and earn more along the way. Insurance packages are also a bonus of many criminal justice careers.

So, why study criminal justice? From job security to job opportunities, a rewarding daily job to an exciting day-to-day, these are just some of the many reasons why we love the field. If you are interested in learning more about studying criminal justice at Goodwin University in Connecticut, please do not hesitate to contact us. Call Goodwin University at 800-899-3282 or visit us online to learn more.

Goodwin University is a nonprofit institution of higher education and is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE), formerly known as the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC). Goodwin University was founded in 1999, with the goal of serving a diverse student population with career-focused degree programs that lead to strong employment outcomes.

Home — Application Essay — National Universities — Why I Chose Criminal Justice

Why I Chose Criminal Justice

• University: University of California, Berkeley

About this sample

Words: 590 |

Published: Feb 15, 2024

Words: 590 | Pages: 1 | 3 min read

The decision to choose a major that aligns with one's passions and aspirations is of paramount importance. For me, the choice was crystal clear - Criminal Justice. This unique discipline captivates my interest due to its multifaceted nature, societal relevance, and potential to effect positive change.

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From an early age, my fascination with the criminal justice system and its inner workings has been unwavering. I grew up devouring crime novels, binge-watching documentaries, and engaging in intellectual discussions surrounding criminal justice reform. Such exposure sparked a curiosity within me that demanded to be satiated through academic exploration.

Criminal Justice, as a major, provides an opportunity to delve into the complexities of crime, law enforcement, and the legal system. It encompasses various subfields, including criminology, law, and corrections, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underpinning criminal behavior and its societal implications. Through this major, I aim to develop a holistic perspective on crime, its causes, and how society can effectively respond to it.

Furthermore, criminal justice offers a plethora of career paths, each with its own set of challenges and rewards. From working as a police officer to becoming a public defender or pursuing a career in forensic science, the field encompasses a wide range of professions, ensuring that my passion can be channeled into a meaningful career. This versatility aligns with my desire for continuous growth and the flexibility to explore various avenues within criminal justice.

However, my decision to pursue criminal justice is not solely based on personal interests and career opportunities. It is driven by a deep-rooted conviction to contribute to society and make a positive impact on the lives of others. The criminal justice system, albeit imperfect, plays a crucial role in maintaining order and ensuring justice prevails. Yet, it is no secret that it faces numerous challenges, ranging from issues of bias and inequity to the overburdening of correctional facilities.

By majoring in criminal justice, I aspire to be part of the solution. Through rigorous academic training, I aim to develop the critical thinking skills required to analyze complex criminal justice issues objectively. I want to explore innovative approaches to crime prevention, rehabilitation, and policy-making, with an emphasis on fostering empathy, fairness, and inclusivity throughout the criminal justice system.

Moreover, the interdisciplinary nature of criminal justice excites me. It demands an understanding of psychology, sociology, political science, and law, among other disciplines. This interdisciplinary approach not only broadens my knowledge base but also equips me with a diverse set of tools to address the intricate challenges inherent in the criminal justice system. By merging different fields of study, I believe it is possible to cultivate innovative solutions that promote justice and social harmony.

Lastly, as a college student, I have come to appreciate the importance of education as a catalyst for change. By immersing myself in criminal justice coursework, engaging in meaningful research, and seeking internships and volunteer opportunities, I can actively contribute to the ongoing conversations surrounding criminal justice reform. I envision myself as an advocate for the voiceless, working towards dismantling systemic injustices and fostering a more equitable and just society.

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In conclusion, my decision to major in criminal justice stems from a genuine passion for understanding crime, the desire to effect positive change, and an appreciation for the interplay between various disciplines. It is a field that aligns with my personal values, aspirations, and commitment to making a tangible difference. By immersing myself in the study of criminal justice, I hope to emerge as a well-rounded professional who can contribute meaningfully to the ongoing pursuit of justice and social harmony.

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5 Reasons to Study Criminal Justice

W hy Should You Study Criminal Justice or Criminal Behavior?

Ideally, society functions on the agreement that all citizens will abide by the laws of the land. The criminal justice system serves as a framework for law and order, and citizens can participate in the system for a number of reasons. Some people violate laws, others are witnesses to a crime, or are a party to legal proceedings that require intervention from the criminal justice system. Whatever the circumstances, the ultimate goal within criminal justice is to ensure public safety, uphold the law and ensure that the rights of both victims and offenders are protected within the system. There are many compelling reasons to study criminal justice , and this sector offers many opportunities to contribute to making society safer and better.

What Is Criminal Justice?

Though the particulars can vary from state to state, generally speaking, the field of criminal justice is diverse and covers many different types of careers, including law enforcement, the court system, correctional facilities, and parole and probation. A career in criminal justice also can include working with juvenile offenders, helping to support victims, rehabilitating offenders and monitoring the legal system to make sure individual rights are protected.

Why should I study Criminal Justice?

1.  there are a variety of careers within the criminal justice field.

Perhaps one of the biggest reasons to study criminal justice is simply how broad the field is. By understanding criminal behavior, there’s opportunity to not just work within law enforcement, but also the court system, social work, psychology and much more. Earning this degree can open many doors in a variety of professions, while also providing a good deal of personal growth and skill building along the way.

2.  Criminal justice majors learn a wide array of skills

Other reasons to study criminal justice are the opportunity to build and sharpen critical-thinking and problem-solving skills. It is highly important that people working to understand criminal behavior possess the ability to rationalize and use reason to help others. Mastering the following is incredibly valuable for a career in criminal justice: 

• Analytical skills
• Practical skills
• Critical thinking
• Aspects of crime & criminal behavior
• Criminological theories
• Crime prevention techniques

3.  Criminal justice majors make the world a safer place

Someone looking for reasons to study criminal justice should consider that by participating in the system, there’s an opportunity to make it better for everyone on both sides. Given human nature, crime cannot be entirely erased, but it may be possible to prevent and reduce crime and make communities safer. In the professional world, criminal justice majors can have a positive impact on society by working to ensure justice is served and upholding the laws designed to ensure people’s safety and wellbeing.

4.  Comfortable level of job security & pay

Regardless of economic changes, there will always be a need for law enforcement, the courts and correctional facilities, and because of this, the demand for professionals within criminal justice is steadily growing. Of the many reasons to study criminal justice, this is a field that offers reliably steady job security and good pay, depending on the specific job, location and level of jurisdiction.

5.  Retirement & health benefits

While retirement and health insurance benefits vary depending on the location and type of employment, broadly speaking criminal justice provides a level of financial stability and benefits that make this a profession worth considering. Of the many reasons to study criminal justice, the ability to retire with a pension is very appealing to many. Some agencies also provide retirement savings and health benefits for employees who have put away their uniform.

Where do Criminal Justice majors work?

An officer patrolling the streets or a judge sitting behind the bench may be the most common ideas of the criminal justice system, but this profession actually ranges much wider than that. One of the more popular reasons to study criminal justice is the wide variety of settings this degree can take you — from corporate offices to communities, criminal justice has a place in all corners of society.

Law Enforcement

Law enforcement can include police officers, detectives and investigators working on a local, state, federal and even international level. This branch of criminal justice could be considered the first line of defense in ensuring communities are safe. In addition to attempting to catch criminals and solve crimes, members of law enforcement also perform more ordinary duties like issuing traffic tickets, responding to non-emergency calls and participating in court proceedings.

Court & Justice System

The court and justice systems are designed to settle disputes and apply the law fairly. While a law degree is necessary to become a lawyer or judge, a reason to study criminal justice is it’s possible to build a career in the courts with this degree. Working as a bailiff, court reporter or clerk are all examples of how a degree in criminal justice can lead to a fulfilling career in the justice system.

Corrections

The chance to work with offenders and help to rehabilitate them is another reason to study criminal justice. With a deep understanding of criminal behavior, it’s possible to make an impact working within local, state and federal correctional facilities. Working as a corrections officer, counselor or social worker can provide integrity and fulfillment, knowing that there’s an opportunity to positively impact an inmate’s life while also ensuring that communities are protected from escapees.

Careers in Law Enforcement

Understanding criminal behavior presents lots of opportunities to forge a rewarding and wide-ranging career path that leads to stability, a sense of honor and a place of respect within the community — all excellent reasons to study criminal justice.

Police Officer

Working within a local, state or federal department, police officers conduct regular patrols and respond to emergency calls and non-emergency issues. They may also work within specialized units for specific crimes and also work across the judicial and correctional systems.

Private Investigator

Private investigators, or detectives, are usually not part of a police department, but may collaborate with one. This job is all about gathering information and using a variety of tools at their disposal to bring their case to a close — whether it’s related to a violent crime, financial dispute, or a personal issue.

Forensic Psychologist

Forensic psychologists get to the root of criminal behavior by analyzing the emotional, psychological and social disorders an offender may have. These psychologists work closely with many different parties within the criminal justice system, from officers and lawyers to victim advocates and judges.

Crime Scene Analyst

This job gets up close to criminal behavior by collecting and evaluating the evidence found at a crime scene. Crime scene analysts can also put their skills to the test in the courtroom, as they’re often called upon to provide expert testimony.

Transit Police

Transit police apply the same tactics as typical law enforcement officers, expect their scope is limited to transit lines. They ensure that passengers are safe while waiting for and aboard buses and trains, and are the first line of defense in the case of a serious emergency.

Financial Crimes / Fraud Investigator

Financial investigators are able to sniff out illegal activity in the event of white-collar crimes. They examine bookkeeping, tax and accounting details to see where suspected fraud has occurred, and work alongside state and federal law enforcement and courts to bring criminals to justice.

Game Warden

Fish and game wardens spend their time in the great outdoors while investigating any violations of local and federal wildlife protections. They may also investigate crimes or accidents that happen on the lands and waterways under their supervision, and can also issue hunting permits and  licenses. At the federal level, game wardens — usually referred to as Federal Wildlife Officials — work with local jurisdictions to protect people, wildlife and habitats, and uphold conservation efforts.  

Conclusion: How do I know if a Criminal Justice degree is right for me?

There are many exciting and diverse reasons to study criminal justice, a field that offers lots of opportunities to find specialization and even expansion into new industries. With a nationwide shortage in the field, pursuing a degree in criminal justice can provide numerous career opportunities and address the critical staffing needs in law enforcement. If you are someone with a passion for helping people while leading society forward, consider pursuing a career in criminal justice. The best place to begin your professional journey is Tiffin University. Here, students are provided with flexible, affordable pathways to earning a degree that leads to a successful, meaningful career in criminal jus tice.

Are you a high school student hoping to attend Tiffin University?

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The Importance of the Criminal Justice System

Table of contents, ensuring public safety, upholding accountability, safeguarding individual rights, promoting rehabilitation and reintegration, strengthening social order, works cited.

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Criminal Justice - Essay Samples And Topic Ideas For Free

Essay topics on criminal justice are not easy. It requires much research and knowledge of the justice system of a particular country and the law rights of residents. This topic combines much information, but you should focus on one to reveal it well in your essay. For example, you can write about the United States criminal justice system: its foundation, laws, and punishments. Along with this, you can mention certain problems that touch on criminal law or how the government should react to a range of crimes. Also, you can explain the consequences of breaking the law.

To start such an essay is always difficult. There should be precise thesis statements that will be a focus throughout the entire research paper. It is essential to highlight it in the introduction so you will hook the reader and keep them interested until the end of the essay, its conclusion. If you don’t know what to start with, we recommend you get familiar with research paper examples about criminal justice. They will surely guide you in coming up with your own thoughts and assumptions of what problem to raise. Remember to get started with an outline that is a good predecessor for your successful essay. By doing so and studying essay examples on criminal justice, you will improve your writing skills.

Corruption of the Criminal Justice System

There is a long history report of police violence against civilians in the United States which has resulted in creating laws by the government so that citizens may find a way to find a possible solution when their rights are violated. Section 242 of the constitution allows police officers to be fined or even imprisoned for any law enforcer who deprives a person of their rights on the basis of their colour or race (Kevin). The corruption investigations done by […]

Three Problems of the Criminal Justice System and how to Fix them

The criminal justice system has an important role in society to maintain order and to ensure that law is equal and fair; no matter age, ethnicity, race, sex, or social economical status. Unfortunately, this is not true within the current judicial system. Racial discrimination, youth incarceration, and health related infirmities result from incarceration (Simonson, 2017). Three Problems of the Criminal Justice System and How to Fix Them There are many problems that plague our current criminal justice system. The problems […]

Gender Equality and Crime

The court and the Judiciary, in general, are guided by the basic principles of justice to all. Judges usually give rulings based on the rule of law with the intention of protecting the public, deterring crime, rehabilitating law offenders, punishing offenders and offering reparation to the victim. The principles of justice mean fairness, protecting the rights of all regardless of gender, race or religion. However, gender equality has been a significant issue for many years, and there has been a […]

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Dispute Resolution in Criminal Justice

In my class of Sociology of Criminal Justice, we are learning what happened socially in the United States to cause the criminal justice policy to change so dramatically into a punishment policy, where we deliver harsher punishment to individuals to incapacitate and deter them from committing punishment. The class also explores what the aspects are of this punishment policy and what the consequences have been for the past decades from this policy. One particular topic that has stuck with in […]

The Current Trends and Issues of Social Media and its Effects on the Criminal Justice System

Technology keeps changing and getting more and more in everybody's face we can't avoid it. With that being said the more it advances and what if has become from say 50 years ago takes a big effect on the criminal justice system in many ways. Now there are good and bad ways it affects it. A good way would be someone could record and officer doing something that is actually wrong and he gets in trouble for it or a […]

Gender and Crime

Gender has been attributed as one of the key factors that act a significant role in the crime patterns and the criminal justice systems. For a very long time, it has become a fact that women and men differ in their rates of committing crimes as well as their victimization pattern experience. However, from this report, we find that the victimization risk of violence among the male adults almost equal to that of female adults. My perception, however, is different […]

Presenting Juveniles as Adults in the Criminal Justice System

The word most frequently used to describe the growth in the rate of violent crime among children 17 years old and younger is epidemic. The alarming rate at which children are committing crimes has increased the amount of questions on what should be done with these juveniles. The National Center for Juvenile Justice states how “Every state but Hawaii now allows juveniles to be tried as adults for certain crimes,” so why are people struggling with laws allowing young offenders […]

How the Media Portray Crime and the Criminal Justice System?

Crime has become one of the most consumed topics in America media. Since the U.S citizens greatly believe, rely, and get fooled on whichever the media spit out to them mostly with anything regarding crime, therefore, they do not take a moment to find, think, and analyze what they have heard, watched, or read from the media to compare with statistical facts. Rather, they digest any news that is being released from the media as true and credible. In fact, […]

Juvenile Correctional Counselor

Introduction In the criminal justice system there are numerous available career opportunities one can choose. By definition, criminal justice is “the system of law enforcement, involving police, lawyers, courts, and corrections, used for all stages of criminal proceedings and punishment” (D. 2018). Any career one may choose will follow the three-tiered system found within criminal justice: law enforcement, the court system, or the correctional aspect of criminal justice. For this paper, I have chosen to discuss what entails the career […]

Latinos in Criminal Justice

Latinos have a large presence in America, and have for a long time. This large Latino presence is due to the freedoms that are afforded by the United States government since the founding of our nation. Latinos may come to The United States for many reasons, one reason that Latinos may have the desire to come to the states is due to the corruption and violence in Latin America and their home countries. Countries in Latin America may not be […]

Racial Profiling Within the Criminal Justice System

Abstract There are many different reasons for people to engage in criminal activities. Unfortunately, there is no way to pin point the source of crime. The purpose of this research paper is to reveal the influences that race has on the Criminal Justice System. More specifically, the researcher (Danielle Clarke) will be discussing the ethical issue of Racial Profiling within the criminal justice system.? Introduction Sampson and Wilson (1995) stated that, “The discussion of Race and Crime is mired in […]

Constitution of the United States and the Fourth Amendment

The method by which law enforcement should treat people is based on the Bill of Rights section of the Constitution of the United States. The Fourth Amendment protects individuals from unreasonable search by law enforcement. Police must show evidence, that a threat to public safety exists, and probable cause that a crime is, or will be, committed for courts to issue a search warrant. The details of the what, where, when and whom they are searching must be provided. Items […]

Women Mental Health and the Criminal Justice System

Veronica Sutton COUN 603 Prof. Clarisse Domingo October 20, 2018 Foundations of Mental Health Counseling Based on some estimates, as much as 50% of the U.S. prison population suffers from some form of mental illness. As a consequence, each year thousands of mentally ill men and women are sent to prisons because of limited community resources. Which, has lead to mass incarceration within correctional institutions that are poorly equipped to treat the mental ill as they are subjected to punishments […]

Spain Criminal Justice

Spain, one of the oldest and most successful countries in the world. One of the biggest countries in all of Europe, and one of the biggest tourist attractions in the world. The history of Spain can be traced back hundreds of years when monarchs ruled the country. Of course, over time many things have changed. The economy, politics, tourism, etc. But, one thing that obviously changed over time is there criminal justice system. How it has developed from the past […]

Careers in Criminal Justice

Education and Professional Law Enforcement The American police officer execrate a promise to defend and aid the people they embody. They are presented by the administration to implement the law by detaining offenders and sensing and averting misconducts. Germann (1967) commences by stating that “there was a time when the American policeman would be inclined to define his job and role in a very narrow fashion” (p. 603). However, he continues that policing obligations are no longer simple responsibilities necessitating […]

Supervision in the Criminal Justice Field

Abstract Law enforcement agencies understand the importance of a true partnership with the community. Positive relationships with some segments of the community are easier to come by than others. Most communities in America are rich with many different cultures. However, it is because of this diversity that many organizations struggle to build trust and secure relationships that lead to success. Law enforcement agencies have an obligation to make proactive efforts to bridge the divide between the officers and community. Existing […]

The Constitution of America and Laws

The constitution of America established fundamental laws and guaranteed certain rights for its citizens. It was written in 1787 that replaced the Articles Of Confederation which had been governing character of the United States. The law of the United States was predominantly gotten from the precedent based law arrangement of English Law. Nonetheless, U.S. law was drawn significantly from its English ancestors both as far as substance and method. It has fused various common law developments. It had proven a […]

Why is it Necessary to Teach Ethics in Criminal Justice Law Business and Medical

Babies are born into the world with no knowledge or understanding of what is “good” or “bad”. You learn from the world around you and the people within it, what constitutes “good” or “bad”. Ethics plays a major role in one’s daily routines, judgements, and decision making. Why do we study ethics? From previous lectures, there are so many people in the world that truly believe they are ethical, and live in moderation. Ethics is understanding the difference between good […]

Alaska Natives Criminal Justice System

In 1993 the Alaska Native Commissioned Report revealed that 32 percent of the state's incarcerated population is Alaska Native, even though Alaska Natives represent only 16 percent of the overall population. More recent reports have found that these number have not drastically changed (The Alaska State Offender Profile, 2015). In this paper I will briefly outline and address what some scholars, researchers, and reports have cited to explain why Alaska Natives are disproportionately represented in Alaska’s prison system, as well […]

U.S. Criminal Justice System Overview

Mr. President, I would like to thank you and your front office for taking the time to read about my concerns during such a busy sports season. I know you’ve grown particularly fond of basketball and football games since your presidency. I recently tried to reach out to you in my recent letter, but I have assumed it never arrived. As I have previously stated, I represent the many Americans who would like to discuss with you the current state […]

Is the Criminal Justice System Prejudicial?

At first, I thought that it is not. But after doing some research, I was convinced to believe the opposite. Prejudice can be defined as the preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. Bias is the prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair. To introduce why I have come to believe that the criminal justice system is prejudicial, I want to […]

Source of Information about Crime

Violent wrongdoings (otherwise called violations against people) rule the vast majority's contemplations of wrongdoing and wellbeing. Regardless of criminal justice experts explanations that an individual's probability of being victimized little depends on him avoiding certain places, for instance, street gangs and drug peddler spots (Koper, Taylor, & Woods, 2013). This accumulation characterizes brutal violations as murder, persuasive assault, burglary, and irritated assault. Property violations are wrongdoings that are arranged as offenses against property. This incorporates robbery, theft, thievery, pyromania, misappropriation, […]

The Virtual Criminal Justice Alliance

The operational director for the visual security force Mr. James Dunbar has a very distinct job responsibility; some those responsibilities include dealing with prison reconstruction and decongesting those prison at large to minimize the high over population of those prison. Based on this, Mr. Dunbar has also partner with other entities to mitigate the risk of overcrowding of prison by advocating for other avenues such as private prisons and the community-based correction programs. This however, has enabled him to be […]

Criminal Justice System

Criminal justice is known to be the system exercises, and institutions of government mandated to sustain social control, discourage and lessen crime or sanction those violating the law through rehabilitation and subjecting them to criminal penalties. People who are accused of crime also have constitutional protections from abuse of prosecution and investigatory powers (Abdolsalehi, 2013). Law has the purpose of providing a set of rules which govern the conduct and order in society. The law provides the rights of the […]

Racism in Criminal Justice System

Scott Woods once said, The problem is that white people see racism as conscious hate, when racism is bigger than that. Racism is a complex system of social and political levers and pulleys set up generations ago to continue working on the behalf of whites at other people's expense, whether whites know/like it or not. Racism is an insidious cultural disease. It is so insidious that it doesn't care if you are a white person who likes black people; it's […]

“Just Mercy” is Bryan Stevenson’s Perspective on the American Criminal Justice System

Stevenson argues that the society should be aware rather than punishment. His personal stories share a representation of the criminal justice system. Stevenson is responsible for reducing the amount of wrongly accused victims. Throughout the story Just Mercy, the author, Bryan Stevenson, uses an optimistic tone. During cases, he would notice that things weren't going the way he expected. However, he still had hope in those situations. Bryan Stevenson uses real life experiences to bring awareness to incarceration. He uses […]

Care of the Mentally Ill in Prisons

A common problem facing the mentally ill inmates today is whether or not the use of restraints is safe and effective, or a deadly abuse of power. There are a plethora of articles that support either side, but in order to form an unbiased opinion, one must hear both arguments. There are several positive aspects of restraints. For example, when restraints are used inmates no longer have the ability to inflict damage upon oneself or others, additionally inmates are stabilized […]

Social Issues and Criminal Justice

The first key social issue is justice in the media. The subject of justice has become a hot topic in America this year, finding itself not only in the Criminal Justice field, but also addressed as in Social Justice, Racial Justice, and Economic Justice. In fact, Merriam Webster has chosen “justice” as its 2018 Word of the Year. It was chosen because it was searched 74% more times in 2018 than in 2017, and was the top-searched word this year […]

Racism and the U.S. Criminal Justice System

Introduction The primary purpose of this report is to explore racism issues in the United States justice system and addressing the solutions to the problem affecting the judicial society. Racism entails social practices that give merits explicitly solely to members of certain racial groups. Racism is attributed to three main aspects such as; personal predisposition, ideologies, and cultural racism, which promotes policies and practices that deepen racial discrimination. Institutional racism is also rife in the US justice system. This entails […]

Core Components of Criminal Justice System

When one looks at the criminal justice system core components, and their functions one can develop an understanding of how our country is able to balance justice if each core is applied properly. There are three cores of the American Criminal Justice system; police, courts, and corrections (Schmalleger, 2016). While many people may claim to know how each core component functions, many are like most that watch football games; they do know the role of each component on the field. […]

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How to Write an Essay About Criminal Justice

Understanding the criminal justice system.

Before writing an essay about criminal justice, it's important to understand the breadth and complexity of the criminal justice system. This system encompasses several institutions and processes established by governments to control crime and impose penalties on those who violate laws. Begin your essay by explaining the main components of the criminal justice system, typically including law enforcement, the judiciary, and corrections. Discuss the roles and functions of each component and how they work together to maintain law and order, protect citizens, and uphold justice. It's also important to consider various perspectives on the criminal justice system, including its effectiveness, fairness, and the challenges it faces.

Developing a Thesis Statement

A strong essay on criminal justice should be centered around a clear, concise thesis statement. This statement should present a specific viewpoint or argument about the criminal justice system. For instance, you might examine the impact of new technology on criminal investigations, analyze the challenges of prison overcrowding, or argue the need for reforms in the juvenile justice system. Your thesis will guide the direction of your essay and provide a structured approach to your topic.

Gathering Supporting Evidence

To support your thesis, gather evidence from a variety of sources, including academic research, government reports, and case studies. This might include statistical data on crime rates, research findings on criminal justice policies, or examples of criminal justice systems in different countries. Use this evidence to support your thesis and build a persuasive argument. Be sure to consider different perspectives and address potential counterarguments.

Analyzing Key Issues in Criminal Justice

Dedicate a section of your essay to analyzing key issues within the criminal justice system. Discuss current topics such as racial disparities in sentencing, the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs, or the impact of legal reforms. Consider both the theoretical aspects of these issues and their practical implications. Explore how these challenges affect not only the criminal justice system but also society as a whole.

Concluding the Essay

Conclude your essay by summarizing the main points of your discussion and restating your thesis in light of the evidence provided. Your conclusion should tie together your analysis and emphasize the importance of continued study and reform in the field of criminal justice. You might also want to suggest areas for future research or action needed to address the challenges identified in your essay.

Reviewing and Refining Your Essay

After completing your essay, review and refine it for clarity and coherence. Ensure that your arguments are well-structured and supported by evidence. Check for grammatical accuracy and ensure that your essay flows logically from one point to the next. Consider seeking feedback from peers, educators, or criminal justice professionals to further improve your essay. A well-written essay on criminal justice will not only demonstrate your understanding of the system but also your ability to engage with complex legal and societal issues.

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FNU Community How Studying Criminal Justice Affects Your Community

How Studying Criminal Justice Affects Your Community

Deciding on a major or program of study is an important step in a student’s life. Many factors can contribute to an individual’s choice, including personal interest, career paths and the projected job market. Studying criminal justice attracts many students for various reasons each year.

What students might not initially consider when determining their major is how their program of study can help to benefit their community along with residents in that community. Criminal justice has a considerable effect on each community, and individuals who decide to pursue a career in this path are the ones who ensure safety, justice, and peace.

Students considering a career in criminal justice should find out how this decision can affect their community—whether here in South Florida, or across the United States. Florida National University (FNU) offers the following understanding of how criminal justice careers affect our communities:

Enhancing Public Safety

The safety of the general public heavily relies on the influence of criminal justice professionals in various careers. Those who choose to study criminal justice have a variety of career options upon graduating from their chosen program. For example, many individuals with this degree choose to enlist in a branch of military service, enter the workforce as a police officer, or continue their studies and begin work as a lawyer.

While is it not typical for most city, county and statewide police branches to require their officers to study criminal justice, many highly support it. The background knowledge and education achieved while studying in a criminal justice program enhances a former student’s ability to understand crimes, criminals, victims, and crime scenes at a deeper level. This allows them to gather and understand information related to each case while following the proper precautions required on a case-to-case basis.

This training and education are helpful. These particular officers have the opportunity to obtain a better grasp on the likelihood of crimes that occur in certain areas and locations, at various times of the day and around several times throughout the year.

These officers are prepared not only through the required training learned via a police academy, but also through their education received during their two or four-year studies. This offers the officer a background in the field and a head start on the necessary knowledge to successfully pursue his or her career.

A police officer’s job is to protect the public and to help lower the frequency of crimes in their particular patrol area. By studying criminal justice, these officers and security guards will have a deeply rooted understanding of protocol to enhance public safety while properly completing their daily duties.

These officers are not only able to better protect the public, but they also have a greater hand in staying protected themselves, and in helping to convict guilty criminals.

The Right to a Fair Trial

When an individual decides to study criminal justice, there are several potential directions to take their career, as previously detailed. One of these directions is law. Whether one continues their education and moves on to law school or if they are simply a police officer bearing witness on a trial, criminal justice majors have a high chance of finding themselves in the courtroom.

Some of the best aspects of the American court system are the undeniable Constitutional rights offered to each citizen, along with the ever-evolving technological advancements . This pair enables both criminals and those who are innocent of a suspected crime the right to a fair trial. The United States justice system serves as a means of just that: justice. This means that an individual might face certain consequences for their actions based on their conviction via jail time or a fine.

Students who opt to study criminal justice gain a deeper understanding of the court system, therefore enhancing the system’s ability to rightfully convict felonies, violations, misdemeanors, and various other crimes.

Understanding Why Crimes Occur

Studying criminal justice does not only serve to convict criminals, but it also enables communities to understand why crimes are committed. With this knowledge comes the understanding of the likelihood of various crimes occurring again. It enables an analysis of the types of individuals (race, gender, background, mental health, etc.) who cause certain crimes, therefore offering a look at the means to help prevent similar crimes from taking place in the future.

Criminal and Forensic Psychologists can determine this type of evidence and analysis when studying crimes that have occurred. They can analyze crime scenes, past crimes, and criminals to enhance the safety of current and future generations.

Florida National University – Encouraging Students to Better Serve Their Communities

Students, now that you know how studying criminal justice can help positively benefit our communities and enhance safety, it’s time to make a difference. Take the first step by enrolling in one of our Criminal Justice programs:

• Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice
• Associate of Arts in Criminal Justice

Contact Florida National University at 305-821-3333 for more information on our Criminal Justice programs.

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Why study criminal justice.

Criminal Justice involves the study of crime from a systems perspective. Far from being a narrowly defined law enforcement or correctional program, our program is an interdisciplinary and professionally-oriented academic discipline concentrating on many aspects of crime and the concepts that impact on our system of justice.

To prepare students for the various positions within criminal justice, as well as for graduate education, the program seeks to develop a broad foundation of knowledge pertaining to crime and its ancillary issues.

Consider these key features of this program:

• The curriculum is interdisciplinary in nature and includes courses that will provide students with research and analytical skills. The Department offers four minors: criminal justice, crime analysis, conservation law enforcement and forensic studies.
• Undergraduate (bachelor’s degree) and graduate (master’s degree) programs in criminal justice are available.  The Department also offers a post-baccalaureate certificate in crime analysis.
• Required and elective courses in the program cover a range of contemporary criminal justice issues, allowing students to gain a broad understanding of the criminal justice system, while also acquiring specialized knowledge about topics of interest.
• Students in criminal justice courses often have the opportunity to interact with members of the professional community, whether as guest speakers, on field trips, or as part of class projects; some courses also include student research collaborations with local criminal justice agencies
• Internship opportunities are available at a variety of criminal justice agencies.
• Three criminal justice organizations are available, which sponsor criminal justice related events such as field trips, opportunities to interact with criminal justice practitioners and more.
• Our department sponsors a variety of programs for students, including a criminal justice-themed career fair, guest speakers and presentations, and an annual banquet.
• A criminal justice travel study course to Washington, D.C. is available in the summer term, and study abroad opportunities are available.
• An interdisciplinary undergraduate minor in forensic studies is available, which provides background in criminal investigation, criminal evidence and criminalistics.
• An accelerated master’s degree program is available for students who meet admission requirements and wish to complete both a bachelor’s and master’s degree in five years.
• Faculty members are accomplished in both their academic and professional communities.  Our faculty have been recognized for excellence in teaching, research and university service.  In addition, they publish books and articles, make presentations at national conferences, provide expert testimony and collaborate with the local criminal justice community.

Career Options

Graduates of our program will find career opportunities in a variety of areas, some of these may require additional education. Typical criminal justice careers may include:

• Law Enforcement.  Graduates are employed as patrol officers, investigators, forensic experts, security officers, and crime and intelligence analysts. A criminal justice degree is also useful for those seeking advancement in these areas.
• Corrections.  Graduates are employed as juvenile and adult probation and parole officers, correctional officers and correctional caseworkers. A criminal justice degree is also useful for those seeking advancement in these areas.
• Business.  Graduates work in the areas of private security, consulting, investigations, global intelligence, internet security and loss prevention.
• Social Services.  Graduates function as victim advocates, as well as serve in organizations that provide assistance to victims, and facilitate programs that seek to prevent and reduce crime. 
• Judiciary and Law. Graduates are involved in court reporting, legal assistance, legal research and administration.  After attending law school, they may become an attorney.
• Teaching and Research.  Graduates work for public agencies and participate in a variety of research activities, including the collection and analysis of data about the extent and nature of crime and the effectiveness of crime control strategies. After attending graduate school, criminal justice majors teach in colleges and universities.

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Criminology vs. Criminal Justice: What Is the Difference?

June 27th, 2024 by JWU

As academic majors and professional fields, criminology and criminal justice share a great deal in common. So, what exactly is the difference between criminal justice and criminology? Read on for some key insights into both extremely fascinating and vitally important disciplines.

How Is Criminal Justice Defined?

The comprehensive legal dictionary  Law.com  precisely defines criminal justice as “a generic term for the procedure by which criminal conduct is investigated, evidence gathered, arrests made, charges brought, defenses raised, trials conducted, sentences rendered and punishment carried out.” This definition encapsulates criminal justice’s highly practical focus on the business of administering justice in the “real world.” So, when it comes down to the criminal justice vs. criminology debate, it’s essential to know and understand the difference.

The Three Pillars of Criminal Justice

In the United States, the criminal justice system is comprised of three principal interacting and interdependent component parts: law enforcement, courts, and corrections.

Law Enforcement

Law enforcement, including police officers, detectives, sheriffs, deputies, and park/game officers, is responsible for investigating crimes, gathering evidence, and arresting suspects. They also protect public safety. Law enforcement officers must strive to maintain a helpful presence in the communities they serve while often dealing with individuals acting disruptively or breaking the law.

Overseen by judges and propelled by prosecutors and defense attorneys, the criminal court system manages legal trials and settlements including the delivery of verdicts and the handing down of sentences. In fact, ordinary citizens of all kinds play an integral part in the US court system by serving on courtroom juries. The principal function of criminal courts is to present and evaluate case evidence before determining the guilt or innocence of an accused suspect. It is important to note that, in the U.S., all criminal suspects are considered innocent until proven guilty “beyond a reasonable doubt.”

Corrections

When the courts hand down a guilty verdict and impose a criminal sentence, the convicted party enters the corrections system. This places them in the hands of prison officials, corrections officers, probation officers, rehabilitation specialists, and other professionals who manage criminal sentences and endeavor to reform offenders. Although many people equate corrections to the prison setting, corrective measures in the U.S. include fines, probation, community service, and parole. From social workers to educators to religious advisors, countless corrections professionals strive to change criminals for the better and prepare them for reintegration into society.

How Is Criminology Defined?

The independent academic resource provider  Study.com  accurately describes criminology is a subfield of sociology and defines it as “assessing why crime is committed, how it is committed, and how it can be prevented” while “taking into account personal, societal, and systematic factors.” This definition encapsulates criminology’s generally theoretical concentration on answering important questions about and developing an improved understanding of crime and those who commit it. Regarding the difference between criminal justice and criminology, this is a solid definition to go off of specifically for criminology.

Theories of Crime

Given that criminology has a theoretical focus, what specific theories does it focus on? Over the years, criminologists have developed countless theories that have propelled their field forward. To illustrate three examples, strain theory, social control theory, and labeling theory have proven extremely influential among criminologists. According to strain theory, the cultural pressure to achieve certain goals leads disadvantaged people to resort to illegitimate methods as they struggle to achieve them. Social control theory, by contrast, posits that all people are innately driven to commit illegitimate acts and would likely do so if not for the social controls continually restraining them. Another prominent approach to criminology study, labeling theory examines the ways in which society marks behavior as illegitimate and the effect of that labeling upon the behavior of people.

Criminal Psychology

While many facets of criminology theories look outward toward society, criminal psychology looks directly into the thoughts and feelings of the criminal offender. From investigating criminal motivations to designing better rehabilitation programs, criminal psychologists study the various roles that mental health conditions play in deviant thinking and behavior. Specific areas of concern for criminal psychologists range from the value of psychological profiling to the reliability of recalled testimony.

Victimology

The study of crime’s psychological effects, victimology requires thorough analysis of the relationship between offenders and their victims. Criminologists who specialize in victimology often take an extremely wide and nuanced view of this relationship, which can impact individuals and families as well as entire communities. Victimology findings can have positive effects on law enforcement, court system, and corrections operations.

Prevention and Policy

Throughout history, the work of criminologists has informed crime-prevention policies across the United States and around the world. Government leaders, administrations, and agencies commonly look to criminology research to develop data-based strategies, early intervention programs, and organizational frameworks that address various issues related to crime.

What Are the Differences Between Criminology and Criminal Justice?

Beyond their differing definitions and purviews as detailed above, the fields of criminology and criminal justice differ in their primary goals and methods. While the fundamental mission of criminology is to deepen understanding and inform policies, the fundamental mission of criminal justice is to ensure public safety, prevent crime, uphold the law, and rehabilitate offenders. To accomplish their goals, criminologists commonly use methods such as experimentation, statistical analysis, and case study. Conversely, criminal justice professionals are constantly re-inventing and refining methods of crime investigation, arrest, prosecution, and correction.

Theoretical vs. Practical

As previously discussed, criminology is generally theoretical in nature while criminal justice is far more practical. In other words, criminology typically focuses on the “why” of crime, while criminal justice deals with how we address and respond to it.

Proactive vs. Reactive

Consistent with their respective theoretical and practical approaches, criminologists tend to be proactive, emphasizing crime prevention, while criminal justice professionals tend to be reactive, responding to crimes in progress or investigating crimes after they occur.

The Intersection of Criminology and Criminal Justice

The distinct disciplines of criminology and criminal justice cover much of the same academic/professional ground and inform each other in many ways. For instance, the theories of criminologists are constantly informing the practices of criminal justice professionals. In areas that range from crime prevention to court system reform, criminologists and criminal justice professionals work together to better uphold the rights of suspects, victims, and members of the community at large.

Collaboration with Legal Professionals

The fields of criminology and criminal justice intersect quite frequently in the study and practice of law. Beyond defining the foundational theories and the practical frameworks that shape the legal professional’s world, criminologists and criminal justice professionals often collaborate with attorneys and judges on a broad scope of programs and initiatives.

United Desire to Understand the Motive and Psychology of Crime

Criminologists and criminal justice professionals both have a powerful desire to peer into the minds of criminals as well as those who witness or fall victim to crime. By better understanding the various motivations that underlie crime and our reactions to it, we can better address it and, hopefully, stop it before it starts.

Appreciation of Data

The use of statistical information and raw data are extraordinarily important in both criminology and criminal justice pursuits. Examples of criminology and  criminal justice technology  range from predictive analysis software to real-time crime mapping platforms.

Careers in Criminology vs. Criminal Justice

While the fields of criminology and criminal justice overlap in many areas, the career paths for individuals who pursue employment in these fields are decidedly different. Positions held by criminologists are typically proactive or theoretical. In contrast, criminal justice professionals focus on practical approaches to crime, often dealing with existing criminal activity rather than potential threats.

Criminology Careers

Per employment experts at  Indeed , criminologists enjoy relatively secure jobs with reasonably competitive salaries. But the best benefit of a career in this field might be the satisfaction that goes hand in hand with making a positive difference in society. Here are just a few career paths common among criminology majors.

Detective or Criminal Investigator

A common professional goal for criminology and criminal justice students alike, a position as a police detective or a criminal investigator requires a profound understanding of the criminal mind. For this reason, among others, training in criminology can prove extremely valuable.

Jury Consultant

The criminologist’s focus on psychological matters is also an excellent fit for a career as a jury consultant. Employing their specialized knowledge of human thought and behavior, criminologists provide expert advice in areas that relate to the selection and appointment of jurors in criminal court cases.

Loss Prevention Officer

Widely employed by major retailers and other sales organizations, loss prevention professionals concentrate on the prevention of theft and the apprehension of those who steal. Once again, employers of loss prevention officers often turn to criminology graduates for their specialized insights into the criminal mind.

Criminal Justice Careers

Far beyond the standard police officer position, Johnson & Wales University has led students to numerous  careers with a master’s in criminal justice  down many different rewarding career paths.

Director of Court Services

Responsible for planning and implementing various court programs, a director of court services must have in-depth knowledge of the criminal justice system. Because they are tasked with keeping official records, orchestrating case flow, and managing PR issues, directors of court services must stay abreast of current affairs as well as up to date with standards and practices. The highly practical and reactive approach of criminal justice graduates makes them ideal candidates for this position.

Fraud Investigators

A criminologist can offer valuable insights into the thought processes and motivations of a grifter. However, a criminal justice expert is better equipped to work with departments and investigate fraud cases systematically.

Correctional Officer Supervisor

Criminal justice majors with a particular interest in corrections may want to consider becoming a correctional officer supervisor. Overseeing the activities of correctional officers and other prison staff, these professionals ensure smooth daily operations, maintain strict facility order, and respond immediately to emergencies. To be successful, a correctional officer supervisor must possess strong leadership and organizational skills.

Should I Study Criminology or Criminal Justice?

So, in the “criminal justice vs. criminology” competition, which field ultimately rises victorious? Obviously, the answer to this question will depend on your existing areas of skill/expertise and your overarching professional/career goals. While criminology might appeal to those who seek to transform future society, criminal justice is likely the right path for those who want to make a difference today.

Interested in a Criminal Justice Degree?

At Johnson & Wales University, you can earn your  online master’s in Criminal Justice  with outstanding career prospects. For more information about completing your degree online, complete the  Request Info form , call 855-JWU-1881 , or email  [email protected] .

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Criminal Justice Reform Is More than Fixing Sentencing

Experts explain how we got here and solutions that will benefit everyone.

• Changing Incentives
• Cutting Jail & Prison Populations

A single criminal conviction bars a person for life from calling a bingo game in New York State. Before you chuckle at this gratuitous prohibition, take a second to appreciate the wider context: this is one of 27,000 (!) rules nationwide barring people with criminal records from obtaining a professional license. Conviction of a crime excludes people from holding jobs from real estate appraiser to massage therapist.

In our work to end mass incarceration, the Brennan Center has focused on the length of prison sentences. As our studies have shown, 39 percent of those in prison are there without a current public safety rationale. But the reach of our criminal justice system — its inefficiencies and its unfairness — extends far beyond the time an individual is incarcerated.

We all have a stake, for example, in making sure that a person leaving prison can reintegrate into society. Instead, we throw up barriers. Getting a job, even one that does not require a professional license, becomes extremely challenging. Studies show that a criminal conviction reduces the likelihood of getting a job callback by 50 percent for a white applicant and nearly two-thirds for a black applicant. These long odds have serious consequences. Finding work is the keystone to getting housing, becoming a contributing family member, and living an independent life.

Since many people are convicted of crimes when young, the negative effects reverberate for decades. The annual reduction in income that accompanies a criminal conviction rises from $7,000 initially to over $20,000 later in life.

Today crime is rising. Public safety must be a paramount goal. When violence cascades, it affects and hurts poor and marginalized communities most. As Alvin Bragg, the new Manhattan district attorney, put it so well, “The two goals of justice and safety are not opposed to each other. They are inextricably linked.” 

Progress toward criminal justice reform was made possible, in part, by the fact that crime rates were falling for decades. Now, rising crime again creates the conditions where demagogic politics and unwise policies can recur — with potentially crushing social, economic, and racial consequences. So we need to think anew, to make sure that the reaction to rising crime does not provoke a policy response that produces neither safety nor fairness.  

A year ago, the Brennan Center set out to broaden the national discussion about criminal justice reform. Since then, through our Punitive Excess series , we have published 25 essays by diverse authors ranging from scholars to formerly incarcerated people. The ill-considered collateral consequences of criminal conviction is just one of many topics, which also include perverse financial incentives in the system, inhumane prison conditions, racism, the treatment of child offenders, and more. 

It is a trove of analysis and scholarship that deserves your attention. Today we published the concluding essay , which surveys the damage from heavy-handed tactics and offers alternatives that empower communities. We also released a new video exploring the problems caused by excessive punishment. I hope you will read, view, and share widely. 

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The Growing Role of Technology in the Criminal Justice Field

As technology is used to commit more sophisticated crimes, law enforcement officers and those in the legal system are increasingly using tech tools to combat crime. To keep the public safe and protect human life, it’s important that the criminal justice industry use cutting-edge software, tracking systems, and more.

Those who study criminal justice today are at the forefront of life-saving technology. Here's a look at some of the exciting technologies that are playing an important role in the criminal justice field today.

Big data is an important part of every industry, as the world generates 2.5 quintillion bytes of data a day , according to IBM. Data collection in criminal justice helps legal experts in several ways. For example, DNA and fingerprints can be stored in databases and used to identify suspects more quickly. Data can also help law enforcement recognize crime trends and take appropriate action.

Commenting on the “ Crime in the United States, 2016 ” report by the Uniform Crime Reporting Program, FBI director Christopher Wray implored law enforcement agencies to transition to the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). The system aims to increase transparency and allow a clearer view of crime in the United States through comprehensive data reporting. In addition, the United States Department of Justice lists several crime information systems that are available to both the criminal justice community and non-criminal justice agencies:

• National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
• Law Enforcement Enterprise Portal (LEEP)
• National Data Exchange (N-DEx)
• Next Generation Identification (NGI)
• National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)
• International Justice and Public Safety Network (Nlets)

The N-DEx system bills itself as a service enabling criminal justice pros to connect the dots among data to make better conclusions and predictions. Often, law enforcement professionals will consult multiple databases to increase the accuracy of their investigations.

Rapid Identification Systems

The rise of big data has also led to rapid identification systems, which allow police officers to quickly see the criminal history of individuals through a basic search. People pulled over while driving without a license can still be identified instantly through an in-car computer search.

The FBI's Next Generation Identification (NGI) system uses biometrics—including fingerprints, palm prints, iris recognition, and facial recognition—to match up individuals with their criminal history information. Current technologies in the NGI are constantly being updated, and new ones are being added to make the NGI the most comprehensive way to glean up-to-date information on the person being examined.

Detection, Monitoring, and Positioning Systems

Today, law enforcement can use technology to detect and solve criminal activity happening in the moment. Instead of reacting, these technologies allow law enforcement to be more proactive.

Some detection, monitoring, and positioning systems technology aiding law enforcement include:

• Drones: When police need an aerial view of a scene, drones can help law enforcement safely observe an area.
• Global Positioning Systems (GPS): GPS not only helps police officers get to crime scenes or locate criminals more easily. It also helps departments better manage police forces, since maps of police officer dissemination can ensure more areas are covered. The integration of GPS with other police systems helps make data more robust, as location services are seamlessly included in reporting.
• Gunshot technology: Gunshot technology detects gunfire and gives police officers instant access to shooting location maps, as well as information on how many shooters are present and how many shots were fired. The Chicago Police Department has seen success with gunshot technology , as both shooting incidents and homicides decreased at least 20% in several districts from 2016 to 2017.
• License plate scanning: Automatic license plate scanning technology enables police officers to instantly see if a car in their area has been stolen or if there is a warrant out for the arrest of the driver. The police department in Camden, New Jersey uses license plate readers to flag vehicles that have been a part of a drug transaction, according to the Future Trends in Policing Report by the Police Executive Research Forum and U.S. Department of Justice.
• Surveillance cameras: Surveillance cameras can capture the events in a particular area and provide law enforcement with valuable insight.

In general, monitoring tools can help law enforcement ensure more thorough and accurate reporting during investigations.

In-car Computers

The use of paperless report writing can help improve data collection accuracy and save money for police forces. In-car computers, as well as mobile devices with apps that enable report writing on tablets, smartphones, and other handheld computers, provide benefits including:

• Decreased errors in grammar and spelling due to manual input, including misspelling of people's names or missing key information
• Ability to instantly upload reports to online police systems to make processing more efficient
• Automatic backup of reports, which eliminates burden of loss, damage, or theft of manual reports
• Instant note-taking to improve accuracy of scene recording
• Ability to work immediately anywhere, without having to return to the office for reporting

In-car computers enable accurate data gathering on the scene, so law enforcement officers can spend more time in the field and away from an office. This technology also enables officers to contact dispatch for backup or get other assistance on the scene.

Law Enforcement Robotics

The use of robots to aid law enforcement is expected to grow at a rapid pace in the next 5 years. In a report titled Law Enforcement Robots: Market Shares, Market Strategies and Market Forecasts, 2016 to 2022 , WinterGreen Research predicts law enforcement robot markets will expand from $1 billion in 2015 to $5.7 billion in 2022.

In 2016, police forces acquired a record number of robots from the U.S. military, according to the Center for the Study of the Drone at Bard College's Law Enforcement Robots Datasheet . This is allowed by the Justice Technology Information Center's 1033 Program , which enables law enforcement agencies to acquire excess property from the United States Department of Defense.

Today, robots are typically used for reconnaissance in dangerous situations and for bomb disposal. In the future, security robots that look for suspicious activity and patrol intersections may be introduced, according to American police experts. In Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, Dubai Police Robots enable citizens to ask questions, pay fines, and access police information. Robots with police capabilities are also currently being used in China.

Are You Interested in a Career in Criminal Justice?

If these technologies sound interesting to you and you have an interest in protecting the public, a career in criminal justice may be a good fit. Purdue Global offers criminal justice degree and certificate programs for those who want to pursue a role in law enforcement or further their criminology careers. Learn more about the criminal justice programs at Purdue Global.

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Purdue Global

Earn a degree you're proud of and employers respect at Purdue Global, Purdue's online university for working adults. Accredited and online, Purdue Global gives you the flexibility and support you need to come back and move your career forward. Choose from 175+ programs, all backed by the power of Purdue.

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Learn more about online programs at Purdue Global and download our program guide.

Connect with an Advisor to explore program requirements, curriculum, credit for prior learning process, and financial aid options.

Additional academy training and education not provided by Purdue Global may be required for law enforcement positions.

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Introduction to criminology's role in society and law, exploring the academic and scientific facets of criminology, theoretical foundations of criminology: understanding crime causes, modern developments in criminological thought, measuring crime: methods and challenges, class, power, and global implications in criminology.

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Writing Guide

Effective communication is vital no matter what you study, including criminal justice. In fact, law enforcement officers do far more writing than many people think. Criminal justice report writing plays a central role in the field. Cops write arrest, crime, incident, and evidence reports, and they compose social media posts, community outreach posters, and internal memos. Like everyone else, they also communicate using electronic correspondence, including emails and texts.

Because of the authoritative nature of police work, law enforcement communications must use clear, concise, and articulate language.

Because of the authoritative nature of police work, law enforcement communications must use clear, concise, and articulate language. These documents might appear in trials or be used to obtain warrants, making accuracy and clarity absolutely essential. Good communication skills can also lead to promotion opportunities.

Writing skills are just as important in other criminal justice professions, including teaching, law, forensics, and emergency management. Criminologists write studies and research papers, teachers pen several types of documents, and emergency management professionals compose community reports and preparation studies. Likewise, lawyers write countless communications, and forensic experts prepare reports on their findings. Anyone who wants to continue on to a master’s, too, benefits from effective writing skills.

Types of Writing Criminal Justice Students Will Do in School

Personal statements.

Many colleges require applicants to write a personal statement. These short essays reveal the goals and intentions of students and can improve your odds of getting accepted into a preferred school. Admissions staff can quickly tell how well a student writes, how much effort they put into their statement, and whether they can answer simple questions. They can also compare an applicant’s ambition and imagination with their peers.

Many students find that writing about their own experiences, especially as they relate to their educational aspirations, leads to a successful essay. Criminal justice students, for example, could write about how volunteering with young, at-risk kids opened their eyes to the ways some children fall into a life of crime. Others write about how reading the police blotter in their small town inspired them to invent a solution to a common problem. Keep in mind that college counselors read thousands of these essays, and carefully think about why they should choose you over others. Think about the average applicant and consider what sets you apart. Put some time into your essay. Write an outline in which you lay out your points. Proofread what you write and consider getting professional help prior to submission.

Colleges look for statements that reveal the character of an individual. According to a survey of admissions counselors by the Guardian , they appreciate honesty, simplicity, introspection, and direct and confident language. They do now, however like punctuation errors, waffling, or overblown language. If admissions lists the personal statement as optional, make sure to set yourself apart by writing one.

Criminal justice programs often use long-form essay questions on exams. These writing prompts ask students to compose essays on topics discussed in class. Students must create thoughtful and clear answers using points of evidence along the way — showing that they understand the material. Students often do not get the questions ahead of time, which means they must not only study for the exam but answer on the spot.

Students must create thoughtful and clear answers using points of evidence along the way — showing that they understand the material.

Students can make essay questions must easier by taking simple steps. First, make sure you read the question closely and understand it’s requirements. Jot down a one- or two-sentence thesis that answers it. Afterward, compose a brief outline, sketching out your three main points and making sure that they address the question clearly. Fill in each point with a few pieces of evidence. This will keep you focused as you write.

Reread the essay after completing it. While editing, look for grammatical or thematic errors, keeping the specifics of the question in mind as you read. Your first draft will almost always have mistakes, so make sure you leave enough time to proofread!

Research Papers

At some point, almost every college student needs to write a research paper. These long-form reports generally require you to thoroughly explore a topic, investigating it from a variety of angles and writing about your findings. Research papers share similarities with essays, and some can take the form of an essay. However, research papers differ in that they typically involve articulating someone else’s point of view. The thesis of an essay tends to take a personal note and is chosen beforehand, but a research paper presents the end result of the exploration, analysis, and evaluation of an idea or theme. The Purdue Online Writing Lab suggests that you think of a research paper as a living document that will grow and change as you interpret your data.

A good research paper begins with the selection of a topic. People list differing ideas about how to write a criminal justice research paper, but there is no shortage of topics. Ideas could include the relationship between mental health and crime or drugs and recidivism. You might look at the ethics of mass incarceration or study police brutality. Your paper could investigate whether data-driven policing serves as another form of profiling or explore changes to the Fourth Amendment in law enforcement.

Once you decide on a main idea, you need to research several primary and secondary sources. After thoroughly investigating your topic, draw an outline, laying out your primary points logically. A research paper usually has an introduction, a review or discussion of methodology, a section on results, and conclusions you can draw from the research. At the end, list your sources and references. After writing the outline, compose the first draft. Write thoughts as they come within each section, knowing that you can go back and edit for clarity and simplicity later. Make sure you present sound arguments and qualitative research. Many people find it easier to write the introduction after writing the body of the paper.

How Do You Write an Essay?

Like other forms of writing, essays come in several forms. Most students, for example, write a personal essay for their college application and later write persuasive essays in their classes. Professors might ask for narrative essays or comparative ones, or any of the types below — each of which requires a different way of thinking and writing.

Comparative

Cause and effect, citations guide for criminal justice students.

Students should cite the works that they use in their papers. Citing shows the reader that you’ve done your research, and gives them the tools to check your facts. It demonstrates that you used sources knowingly and acknowledge the work you reference. Not only do colleges require this of students, but students themselves can immunize themselves from plagiarism through citation.

Plagiarism, whether intentional or not, puts an ugly stain on one’s academic career. It can lead to probationary status or even expulsion, and it can make getting into another school difficult. It’s your duty to know where your information comes from and to make sure you cite your work properly.

American Psychological Association (APA) Style

A group of psychologists, anthropologists, and business leaders designed the APA style in 1929. They wanted to set clear and straightforward standards for scientific writing so that academic writers used the same format. Everyone would cite things the same way, using common punctuation, numeration, tables, and figures.

APA style caters to fields like psychology, nursing, and business. Many in criminology and sociology also use APA style. For citations, APA differs slightly from other major styles, such as MLA. For example, when referencing an author, MLA uses last name and first name (e.g. Mayo, Matthew), where APA uses last name and first initial (e.g. Mayo, M.).

The in-text citation looks like this: (Mayo, 2017, p. 90.). Always place the in-text citation after the last word of the sentence but before the final punctuation mark. The reference list at the end of the paper includes the full citation: Mayo, M. (2017). Stranded–A Story of Frontier Survival . Waterville, ME: Five Star Publishing.

Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

The Chicago Manual of Style dates back to 1891 and the founding of the University of Chicago Press. Typesetters and editors at the publisher created a style sheet, which they distributed to their professors and authors. By standardizing the manuscripts coming in, they could simplify the cumbersome typesetting process. The style sheet became a pamphlet and grew into a book, now in its seventeenth edition.

Business, history, and fine arts departments typically use Chicago style. Many publishers also use this style. Chicago style cites things differently than APA, employing footnotes and often including a bibliography at the end of the publication.

In the text, you place a numerical footnote number after the reference. The bibliography at the end of the paper includes the full citation: Matthew P. Mayo, Stranded–A Story of Frontier Survival . (Waterville, ME: Five Star Publishing, 2017), 90.

Modern Language Association (MLA) Format

The Modern Language Association (MLA) created its style specifically for academic writing. Language studies, comparative literature, English, and media and cultural studies typically use MLA style. The MLA presents its guidelines and standards in its MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.

Like with APA style, in MLA writers cite the author and source in parentheses within the text after each reference and collects the full citations at the end of the paper in a “Works Cited” section.

The in-text citation should look like this: (Mayo 90). The reference list at the end of the paper includes the full citation: Mayo, Matthew, P. Stranded–A Story of Frontier Survival . Five Star Publishing, 2017.

Associated Press (AP) Style

As its name suggests, the Associated Press style serves as the standard formatting guideline used by the Associated Press. Journalism and the media typically use this style, although some publications, like the New York Times, set their own standards.

AP style aims for brevity, simplicity, and accuracy, and, as such, reflects a more modern style. It allows for abbreviations, for example, more often than other styles, and tends to adopt new words and phrases at a faster pace. Because of its journalistic roots, AP style handles citations differently than the other, more academic styles. It does not use bibliographies, choosing instead to reference everything within the text.

In AP style you would simply write in the text: In Matthew P. Mayo’s novel “Stranded: A Story of Frontier Survival,” the young protagonist, etc. . .

What Writing Style Is Used in Criminal Justice

Because criminal justice falls under the broader heading of the social sciences, ALA style is probably the most commonly used style in the field. Some schools make it a point to teach criminal justice students ALA style. Utica College’s law enforcement program, for example, states that it requires students to use the ALA. You should check with your professor to find out the style he or she prefers and use that as your criminal justice report writing guide.

Common Writing Mistakes Students Make

Active vs. passive voice.

College students often make the mistake of writing in the passive voice. Passive sentences avoid direct writing and use more words, often muddling the syntax. Using the active voice removes excess verbiage and projects more authority.

How do you tell the difference? In a passive sentence, the subject receives the action. For example: “the sentence was written by the author” or “the girl was scratched by the cat.” In an active sentence the subject performs the action. For example: “The author wrote the sentence” and “the cat scratched the girl.” Be careful when using “by” or “be” constructions in your work. These often lead to passive sentences. Several helpful online apps detect passive voice, making it easy to correct.

Punctuation

Punctuation errors occur in any form of writing. They can completely change the meaning of a sentence when used incorrectly. For example, a film director saying, “let’s shoot people” means something different than “let’s shoot, people.”

Most people struggle with comma usage, employing too many, too few, or splicing them. A comma splice occurs when you connect two independent phrases with a comma. Students also often use semicolons when they should use colons. Semicolons indicate a pause between two independent clauses that communicates a related idea. Colons mark a hard stop, indicating a list, quotation, or the expansion of an idea.

Students should review punctuation rules using a style guide or by visiting the myriad online sites focused on punctuation rules.

Even the best writers make grammar mistakes. Writers get in mental spaces that sometimes block them from looking at their own work objectively. Writers using the wrong word occurs more often than some might think. The English language’s homonyms — words that sound the same — often lead to writers using the wrong word. The most common mistakes are mixing up” two, too, and to” and “their, there, and they’re.”

Other frequent slips include using “its” when you want the possessive “it is,” or using “which” when you mean “witch.” Still other writers slip in and out of different tenses. You can correct all of these problems by carefully editing your work and using one of the many writing guides available, like those mentioned below.

Writing Resources for Criminal Justice Students

• The Elements of Style Written by William Strunk and E.B. White, many consider this short volume the Bible of college composition. Concise, inexpensive, and available at bookstores everywhere, it features everything you need to know to improve your writing for classes in criminal justice — or anything else.
• Purdue Online Writing Lab Hosted by Purdue University, “OWL” features more than 200 free writing resources, including formatting guides, tips for avoiding plagiarism, grammar help, vidcasts on writing, citation how-tos, and tutoring.
• Amherst College Writing Center Amherst hosts a website replete with resources for writers. Broken down by subject, the school’s online tools include help with outlining, revision, editing, common problems, effective rhetoric, and writing in specific genres.
• Bestcolleges.com’s Writing Guide for Undergrads This site includes an array of writing tips and links to helpful guides. It features assistance with grammar, research papers, essays, and citation.
• Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing Written by podcast star Mignon Fogarty, aka the Grammar Girl, this New York Times bestseller offers tips for improving communication. These include not only useful grammar ideas but also style guides, word-choice help, and ways to avoid common writing mistakes.

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Criminal Justice Degrees: Writing Skills Are Important

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By Brittany Fillmore Posted on December 8, 2017

Usually, when we think about the skills required for a career in criminal justice, writing doesn’t always top the list. Rather, we consider knowledge of subjects like law and criminal behavior to be significantly more important.

However often overlooked, though, writing skills are a key aspect to being successful in criminal justice fields like law enforcement, in large part because most of the jobs in this field are within large bureaucracies that rely heavily on written documents as a form of communication. From policy manuals to internal memorandums, incident reports to social media outreach, writing skills are closely tied to leadership success within the criminal justice field.

What You’ll Be Writing in Criminal Justice

Writing in criminal justice isn’t only a matter of issuing tickets and checking the boxes on a pre-printed citation form. During the course of your career, you’ll be called upon to write a number of different types of communication , including:

Reports and Narratives

When responding to criminal (or suspected criminal) activity, you will be expected to draft a report outlining what happened, who was involved, and detailing the facts of the incident. Typically, these reports are not admitted as evidence per se, but serve as a starting point for investigations.

Studies and Research

Not all criminal justice careers are in law enforcement. In some cases, you may be working for an agency that conducts original research, or reports on related issues. Because such research is often used in the media, or to guide policy decisions, it’s important that it be well written.

Internal Communications

Regardless of where you work, there is likely to come a time when you need to communicate with your co-workers. Do you want to be perceived as an intelligent and well-spoken, or inarticulate and uneducated?

Community Outreach

Police and emergency services departments across the country have begun using social media as a platform for community outreach, often with the intent of humanizing their departments and building stronger relationships. If you are called upon to contribute to these activities, you need excellent writing skills. In fact, if you consistently demonstrate great writing ability, you’re more likely to be asked to contribute.

First Impressions and Clear Communication

We’ve all read things that have left us scratching our heads. Even when the language used is simple, the structure or organization of sentences can muddle the meaning and create confusion. Now imagine that the written word doesn’t accurately reflect what a police officer or investigator meant — and that report is a key piece of evidence in a trial. It’s possible that a poorly written report could lead to a major injustice, with someone being found guilty or innocent based on a misunderstanding.

It may sound dramatic, but the consequences for not being able to write well can be significant when you are writing documents to be used in a legal setting. Attorneys in criminal cases are looking for anything that they can use to support their cases, and if your reports fail to accurately articulate the facts, they will use that as evidence to exonerate their clients. Not to mention, if your reports are consistently poorly written, riddled with errors, or a grammatical mess, you are not representing your agency in the best possible light.

And those first impressions matter. In fact, in many cases, your written work is going to serve as an introduction to you long before you meet the readers in person — if you ever do. In some cases, reporters, attorneys, or other individuals rely strictly on what’s been written down, and never actually talk to you about your findings. Therefore, it’s vitally important that you hone your writing skills so that you make the best possible impression right off the bat. Not only will you gain the respect of others, but you may get the attention of individuals who can be beneficial to your career in the long run.

Improving Writing Skills

Until recently, many degree programs did not heavily emphasize writing as a program outcome. However, most criminal justice degree programs have begun to implement more training in this important skill as it has become a sought-after skill in criminal justice graduates. Not only are more courses in this field including writing assignments, but specific criminal justice writing courses are being added to the curriculum as well. Not to mention, most colleges require students to complete a college writing or equivalent course, in which they learn the basics of academic writing, research, documentation, and proper grammar.

Therefore, it’s important that criminal justice students take their writing instruction seriously, and not treat it as a requirement to “get through.” Learning these skills is vital to finding success in the field and becoming a leader, and will help ensure you are able to meet the challenges that face you throughout your career.

For math and writing assistance at CSU, be sure to check out the Success Center . The writing professionals in the Success Center will help students with APA style, essay writing and more.

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Reasons to Study Comparative Criminal Justice

What Classes Do You Have to Take to Be a Profiler?

Comparative criminal justice takes an international perspective, comparing justice systems across the world using a variety of historical, political and descriptive approaches. Comparative criminal justice courses are offered at most major universities, either as a degree, or as a subsection of another course of study, typically law. There are a range of benefits to studying comparative criminal justice, including to gain the analytical skills needed to solve global crime cases. The study of comparative criminal justice can open up a variety of national and international career options.

Solve International Problems

A key part of comparative criminal justice involves learning about justice systems from different parts of the world. This adds an international perspective to your understanding of law, including how different cultures and government systems influence how the criminal justice system is institutionalized and played out across the world. This holistic perspective is needed to solve international justice issues and is important if you ever want to work in a different country or for an international organization, such as the United Nations, once you have finished your studies.

Learn from the Past

Learning how criminal justice systems have changed and transformed over time is an important part of understanding why and how the current justice system operates, giving you an understanding of how to avoid past mistakes and an insight into how it is likely to develop in the future. You can apply the analytical skills learned from your studies throughout the course of your working life. Your studies will allow you to discuss points of contention from a well-informed perspective.

Career in Law Enforcement

Studying comparative criminal justice gives you a sound understanding of legal administration procedures and how organizations such as the police force function. These details will allow you to operate and progress within the legal system, understanding the work of your colleagues and competitors. This awareness also allows you to gain a strong understanding of how the foundations of society operate and to pursue careers in lecturing and teaching, or to enter into the police force with further training.

Career in Government

An integral element of comparative criminal justice courses is learning to view criminal justice from a political perspective. This will help you understand global issues such as terrorism and homeland security, giving you the potential for careers in government and security sectors on completion of your studies. Being able to view things from such a holistic perspective will deepen your understanding of how and why desicions have been made instead of taking changes at face value. Being able to have a well rounded perspective on contentious issues is a valuable life skill.

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