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54 Most Interesting Technology Research Topics for 2023

May 30, 2023

Scrambling to find technology research topics for the assignment that’s due sooner than you thought? Take a scroll down these 54 interesting technology essay topics in 10 different categories, including controversial technology topics, and some example research questions for each.

Social technology research topics

Whether you have active profiles on every social media platform, you’ve taken a social media break, or you generally try to limit your engagement as much as possible, you probably understand how pervasive social technologies have become in today’s culture. Social technology will especially appeal to those looking for widely discussed, mainstream technology essay topics.

• How do viewers respond to virtual influencers vs human influencers? Is one more effective or ethical over the other?
• Across social media platforms, when and where is mob mentality most prevalent? How do the nuances of mob mentality shift depending on the platform or topic?
• Portable devices like cell phones, laptops, and tablets have certainly made daily life easier in some ways. But how have they made daily life more difficult?
• How does access to social media affect developing brains? And what about mature brains?
• Can dating apps alter how users perceive and interact with people in real life?
• Studies have proven “doomscrolling” to negatively impact mental health—could there ever be any positive impacts?

Cryptocurrency and blockchain technology research topics

Following cryptocurrency and blockchain technology has been a rollercoaster the last few years. And since Bitcoin’s conception in 2009, cryptocurrency has consistently showed up on many lists of controversial technology topics.

• Is it ethical for celebrities or influential people to promote cryptocurrencies or cryptographic assets like NFTs ?
• What are the environmental impacts of mining cryptocurrencies? Could those impacts ever change?
• How does cryptocurrency impact financial security and financial health?
• Could the privacy cryptocurrency offers ever be worth the added security risks?
• How might cryptocurrency regulations and impacts continue to evolve?
• Created to enable cryptocurrency, blockchain has since proven useful in several other industries. What new uses could blockchain have?

Artificial intelligence technology research topics

We started 2023 with M3GAN’s box office success, and now we’re fascinated (or horrified) with ChatGPT , voice cloning , and deepfakes . While people have discussed artificial intelligence for ages, recent advances have really pushed this topic to the front of our minds. Those searching for controversial technology topics should pay close attention to this one.

• OpenAI –the company behind ChatGPT–has shown commitment to safe, moderated AI tools that they hope will provide positive benefits to society. Sam Altman, their CEO, recently testified before a US Senate He described what AI makes possible and called for more regulation in the industry. But even with companies like OpenAI displaying efforts to produce safe AI and advocating for regulations, can AI ever have a purely positive impact? Are certain pitfalls unavoidable?
• In a similar vein, can AI ever actually be ethically or safely produced? Will there always be certain risks?
• How might AI tools impact society across future generations?
• Countless movies and television shows explore the idea of AI going wrong, going back all the way to 1927’s Metropolis . What has a greater impact on public perception—representations in media or industry developments? And can public perception impact industry developments and their effectiveness?

Beauty and anti-aging technology 

Throughout human history, people in many cultures have gone to extreme lengths to capture and maintain a youthful beauty. But technology has taken the pursuit of beauty and youth to another level. For those seeking technology essay topics that are both timely and timeless, this one’s a gold mine.

• With augmented reality technology, companies like Perfect allow app users to virtually try on makeup, hair color, hair accessories, and hand or wrist accessories. Could virtual try-ons lead to a somewhat less wasteful beauty industry? What downsides should we consider?
• Users of the Perfect app can also receive virtual diagnoses for skin care issues and virtually “beautify” themselves with smoothed skin, erased blemishes, whitened teeth, brightened under-eye circles, and reshaped facial structures. How could advancements in beauty and anti-aging technology affect self-perception and mental health?
• What are the best alternatives to animal testing within the beauty and anti-aging industry?
• Is anti-aging purely a cosmetic pursuit? Could anti-aging technology provide other benefits?
• Could people actually find a “cure” to aging? And could a cure to aging lead to longer lifespans?
• How might longer human lifespans affect the Earth?

Geoengineering technology research topics

An umbrella term, geoengineering refers to large-scale technologies that can alter the earth and its climate. Typically, these types of technologies aim to combat climate change. Those searching for controversial technology topics should consider looking into this one.

• What benefits can solar geoengineering provide? Can they outweigh the severe risks?
• Compare solar geoengineering methods like mirrors in space, stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, and other proposed methods. How have these methods evolved? How might they continue to evolve?
• Which direct air capture methods are most sustainable?
• How can technology contribute to reforestation efforts?
• What are the best uses for biochar? And how can biochar help or harm the earth?
• Out of all the carbon geoengineering methods that exist or have been proposed, which should we focus on the most?

Creative and performing arts technology topics

While tensions often arise between artists and technology, they’ve also maintained a symbiotic relationship in many ways. It’s complicated. But of course, that’s what makes it interesting. Here’s another option for those searching for timely and timeless technology essay topics.

• How has the relationship between art and technology evolved over time?
• How has technology impacted the ways people create art? And how has technology impacted the ways people engage with art?
• Technology has made creating and viewing art widely accessible. Does this increased accessibility change the value of art? And do we value physical art more than digital art?
• Does technology complement storytelling in the performing arts? Or does technology hinder storytelling in the performing arts?
• Which current issues in the creative or performing arts could potentially be solved with technology?

Cellular agriculture technology research topics

And another route for those drawn to controversial technology topics: cellular agriculture. You’ve probably heard about popular plant-based meat options from brands like Impossible and Beyond Meat . While products made with cellular agriculture also don’t require the raising and slaughtering of livestock, they are not plant-based. Cellular agriculture allows for the production of animal-sourced foods and materials made from cultured animal cells.

• Many consumers have a proven bias against plant-based meats. Will that same bias extend to cultured meat, despite cultured meat coming from actual animal cells?
• Which issues can arise from patenting genes?
• Does the animal agriculture industry provide any benefits that cellular agriculture may have trouble replicating?
• How might products made with cellular agriculture become more affordable?
• Could cellular agriculture conflict with the notion of a “ circular bioeconomy ?” And should we strive for a circular bioeconomy? Can we create a sustainable relationship between technology, capitalism, and the environment, with or without cellular agriculture?

Transportation technology research topics

For decades, we’ve expected flying cars to carry us into a techno-utopia, where everything’s shiny, digital, and easy. We’ve heard promises of super fast trains that can zap us across the country or even across the world. We’ve imagined spring breaks on the moon, jet packs, and teleportation. Who wouldn’t love the option to go anywhere, anytime, super quickly? Transportation technology is another great option for those seeking widely discussed, mainstream technology essay topics.

• Once upon a time, Lady Gaga was set to perform in space as a promotion for Virgin Galactic . While Virgin Galactic never actually launched the iconic musician/actor, soon, they hope to launch their first commercial flight full of civilians–who paid $450,000 a pop–on a 90-minute trip into the stars. And if you think that’s pricey, SpaceX launched three businessmen into space for $55 million in April, 2022 (though with meals included, this is actually a total steal). So should we be launching people into space just for fun? What are the impacts of space tourism?
• Could technology improve the way hazardous materials get transported?
• How can the 5.9 GHz Safety Band affect drivers?
• Which might be safer: self-driving cars or self-flying airplanes?
• Compare hyperloop and maglev Which is better and why?
• Can technology improve safety for cyclists?

Gaming technology topics

A recent study involving over 2000 children found links between video game play and enhanced cognitive abilities. While many different studies have found the impacts of video games to be positive or neutral, we still don’t fully understand the impact of every type of video game on every type of brain. Regardless, most people have opinions on video gaming. So this one’s for those seeking widely discussed, mainstream, and controversial technology topics.

• Are different types or genres of video games more cognitively beneficial than others? Or are certain gaming consoles more cognitively beneficial than others?
• How do the impacts of video games differ from other types of games, such as board games or puzzles?
• What ethical challenges and safety risks come with virtual reality gaming?
• How does a player perceive reality during a virtual reality game compared to during other types of video games?
• Can neurodivergent brains benefit from video games in different ways than neurotypical brains?

Medical technology 

Advancements in healthcare have the power to change and save lives. In the last ten years, countless new medical technologies have been developed, and in the next ten years, countless more will likely emerge. Always relevant and often controversial, this final technology research topic could interest anyone.

• Which ethical issues might arise from editing genes using CRISPR-Cas9 technology? And should this technology continue to be illegal in the United States?
• How has telemedicine impacted patients and the healthcare they receive?
• Can neurotechnology devices potentially affect a user’s agency, identity, privacy, and/or cognitive liberty?
• How could the use of medical 3-D printing continue to evolve?
• Are patients more likely to skip digital therapeutics than in-person therapeutic methods? And can the increased screen-time required by digital therapeutics impact mental health

What do you do next?

Now that you’ve picked from this list of technology essay topics, you can do a deep dive and immerse yourself in new ideas, new information, and new perspectives. And of course, now that these topics have motivated you to change the world, look into the best computer science schools , the top feeders to tech and Silicon Valley , the best summer programs for STEM students , and the best biomedical engineering schools .

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Mariya holds a BFA in Creative Writing from the Pratt Institute and is currently pursuing an MFA in writing at the University of California Davis. Mariya serves as a teaching assistant in the English department at UC Davis. She previously served as an associate editor at Carve Magazine for two years, where she managed 60 fiction writers. She is the winner of the 2015 Stony Brook Fiction Prize, and her short stories have been published in Mid-American Review , Cutbank , Sonora Review , New Orleans Review , and The Collagist , among other magazines.

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Language: English | Spanish | French

The impact of digital technology use on adolescent well-being


El impacto del empleo de la tecnología digital en el bienestar de los adolescents, impact de l’usage des technologies numériques sur le bien-être de l’adolescent, tobias dienlin.

School of Communication, University of Hohenheim, Germany

Niklas Johannes

Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK

This review provides an overview of the literature regarding digital technology use and adolescent well-being. Overall, findings imply that the general effects are on the negative end of the spectrum but very small. Effects differ depending on the type of use: whereas procrastination and passive use are related to more negative effects, social and active use are related to more positive effects. Digital technology use has stronger effects on short-term markers of hedonic well-being (eg, negative affect) than long-term measures of eudaimonic well-being (eg, life satisfaction). Although adolescents are more vulnerable, effects are comparable for both adolescents and adults. It appears that both low and excessive use are related to decreased well-being, whereas moderate use is related to increased well-being. The current research still has many limitations: High-quality studies with large-scale samples, objective measures of digital technology use, and experience sampling of well-being are missing.


Esta revisión entrega una panorámica de la literatura acerca del empleo de la tecnología digital y el bienestar de los adolescentes. En general, los resultados traducen que los efectos globales son negativos, aunque muy insignificantes. Los efectos difieren según el tipo de empleo: la procastinación y el empleo pasivo están relacionados con efectos más negativos; en cambio, el empleo social y activo se asocia con efectos más positivos. El empleo de la tecnología digital tiene efectos más potentes en los indicadores de corto plazo del bienestar hedónico (como los afectos negativos) que las mediciones a largo plazo del bienestar eudaimónico (como la satisfacción con la vida). Aunque los adolescentes son más vulnerables, los efectos son comparables para adolescentes y adultos. Parece que tanto el empleo reducido como el excesivo están relacionados con una disminución del bienestar, mientras que el empleo moderado se vincula con un mayor bienestar. La investigación actual todavía tiene muchas limitaciones: faltan estudios de alta calidad con muestras numerosas, mediciones objetivas del empleo de tecnología digital y muestras de experiencia de bienestar.

Nous proposons ici une revue de la littérature sur la pratique des technologies numériques et le bien-être de l’adolescent. Les données générales sont en faveur d’un effet négatif mais qui reste négligeable. L’usage définit la nature de l’effet : la procrastination et la passivité sont associées à un effet plus négatif alors qu’une pratique active et tournée vers la socialisation s’associe à un effet plus positif. Les effets sont plus importants sur les marqueurs à court terme du bien-être hédonique (comme les affects négatifs) que sur ceux à long terme du bien-être eudémonique (épanouissement personnel) ; ils sont comparables chez les adultes et les adolescents, même si ces derniers sont plus fragiles. Une utilisation excessive ou à l’inverse insuffisante semble diminuer le bien-être, alors qu’une pratique modérée l’augmenterait. Cependant, la recherche actuelle manque encore d’études de qualité élevée à grande échelle, de mesures objectives de la pratique des technologies numériques et d’expérience d’échantillonnage du bien-être.

With each new technology come concerns about its potential impact on (young) people’s well-being. 1 In recent years, both scholars and the public have voiced concerns about the rise of digital technology, with a focus on smartphones and social media. 2 To ascertain whether or not these concerns are justified, this review provides an overview of the literature regarding digital technology use and adolescent well-being. 


Digital technology use and well-being are broad and complex concepts. To understand how technology use might affect well-being, we first define and describe both concepts. Furthermore, adolescence is a distinct stage of life. To obtain a better picture of the context in which potential effects unfold, we then examine the psychological development of adolescents. Afterward, we present current empirical findings about the relation between digital technology use and adolescent well-being. Because the empirical evidence is mixed, we then formulate six implications in order to provide some general guidelines, and end with a brief conclusion.


Digital technology use


Digital technology use is an umbrella term that encompasses various devices, services, and types of use. Most adolescent digital technology use nowadays takes place on mobile devices. 3 , 4 Offering the functions and affordances of several other media, smartphones play a pivotal role in adolescent media use and are thus considered a “metamedium.” 5 Smartphones and other digital devices can host a vast range of different services. A representative survey of teens in the US showed that the most commonly used digital services are YouTube (85%), closely followed by the social media Instagram (72%), and Snapchat (69%). Notably, there exist two different types of social media: social networking sites such as Instagram or TikTok and instant messengers such as WhatsApp or Signal.


All devices and services offer different functionalities and affordances, which result in different types of use . 6 When on social media, adolescents can chat with others, post, like, or share. Such uses are generally considered active . In contrast, adolescents can also engage in passive use, merely lurking and watching the content of others. The binary distinction between active and passive use does not yet address whether behavior is considered as procrastination or goal-directed. 7 , 8 For example, chatting with others can be considered procrastination if it means delaying work on a more important task. Observing, but not interacting with others’ content can be considered to be goal-directed if the goal is to stay up to date with the lives of friends. Finally, there is another important distinction between different types of use: whether use is social or nonsocial. 9 Social use captures all kinds of active interpersonal communication, such as chatting and texting, but also liking photos or sharing posts. Nonsocial use includes (specific types of) reading and playing, but also listening to music or watching videos.


When conceptualizing and measuring these different types of digital technology use, there are several challenges. Collapsing all digital behaviors into a single predictor of well-being will inevitably decrease precision, both conceptually and empirically. Conceptually, subsuming all these activities and types of use under one umbrella term fails to acknowledge that they serve different functions and show different effects. 10 Understanding digital technology use as a general behavior neglects the many forms such behavior can take. Therefore, when asking about the impact of digital technology use on adolescent well-being, we need to be aware that digital technology use is not a monolithic concept.


Empirically, a lack of validated measures of technology use adds to this imprecision. 11 Most work relies on self-reports of technology use. Self-reports, however, have been shown to be imprecise and of low validity because they correlate poorly with objective measures of technology use. 12 In the case of smartphones, self-reported duration of use correlated moderately, at best, with objectively logged use. 13 These findings are mirrored when comparing self-reports of general internet use with objectively measured use. 14 Taken together, in addition to losing precision by subsuming all types of technology use under one behavioral category, the measurement of this category contributes to a lack of precision. To gain precision, it is necessary that we look at effects for different types of use, ideally objectively measured.


Well-being


Well-being is a subcategory of mental health. Mental health is generally considered to consist of two parts: negative and positive mental health. 15 Negative mental health includes subclinical negative mental health, such as stress or negative affect, and psychopathology, such as depression or schizophrenia. 16 Positive mental health is a synonym for well-being; it comprises hedonic well-being and eudaimonic well-being. 17 Whereas hedonic well-being is affective, focusing on emotions, pleasure, or need satisfaction, eudaimonic well-being is cognitive, addressing meaning, self-esteem, or fulfillment.


Somewhat surprisingly, worldwide mental health problems have not increased in recent decades. 18 Similarly, levels of general life satisfaction remained stable during the last 20 years. 19 , 20 Worth noting, the increase in mental health problems that has been reported 21 could merely reflect increased awareness of psychosocial problems. 22 , 23 In other words, an increase in diagnoses might not mean an increase in psychopathology.


Which part of mental health is the most likely to be affected by digital technology use? Empirically, eudaimonic well-being, such as life satisfaction, is stable. Although some researchers maintain that 40% of happiness is volatile and therefore malleable, 24 more recent investigations argued that the influences of potentially stabilizing factors such as genes and life circumstances are substantially larger. 25 These results are aligned with the so-called set-point hypothesis, which posits that life satisfaction varies around a fixed level, showing much interpersonal but little intrapersonal variance. 26 The hypothesis has repeatedly found support in empirical studies, which demonstrate the stability of life satisfaction measures. 27 , 28 Consequently, digital technology use is not likely to be a strong predictor of eudaimonic well-being. In contrast, hedonic well-being such as positive and negative affect is volatile and subject to substantial fluctuations. 17 Therefore, digital technology use might well be a driver of hedonic well-being: Watching entertaining content can make us laugh and raise our spirits, while reading hostile comments makes us angry and causes bad mood. In sum, life satisfaction is stable, and technology use is more likely to affect temporary measures of hedonic well-being instead of more robust eudaimonic well-being. If this is the case, we should expect small to medium-sized effects on short-term affect, but small to negligible effects on both long-term affect and life satisfaction.


Adolescents


Adolescence is defined as “the time between puberty and adult independence,” 29 during which adolescents actively develop their personalities. Compared with adults, adolescents are more open-minded, more social-oriented, less agreeable, and less conscientious 30 ; more impulsive and less capable of inhibiting behavior 31 ; more risk-taking and sensation seeking 29 ; and derive larger parts of their well-being and life satisfaction from other peers. 32 During adolescence, general levels of life satisfaction and self-esteem drop and are often at their all-time lowest. 33 , 34 At the same time, media use increases and reaches a first peak in late adolescence. 3 Analyzing the development of several well-being-related variables across the last two decades, the answers of 46 817 European adolescents and young adults show that, whereas overall internet use has risen strongly, both life satisfaction and health problems remained stable. 19 Hence, although adolescence is a critical life stage with substantial intrapersonal fluctuations related to well-being, the current generation does not seem to do better or worse than those before.


Does adolescent development make them particularly susceptible to the influence of digital technology? Several scholars argue that combining the naturally occurring trends of low self-esteem, a spike in technology use, and higher suggestibility into a causal narrative can take the form of a foregone conclusion. 35 For one, although adolescents are in a phase of development, there might be more similarities between adolescents and adults than differences. 30 Concerns about the effects of a new technology on an allegedly vulnerable group has historically often taken the form of paternalization. 36 For example, and maybe in contrast to popular opinion, adolescents already possess much media literacy or privacy literacy. 3 


This has two implications. First, asking what technology does to adolescents ascribes an unduly passive role to adolescents, putting them in the place of simply responding to technology stimuli. Recent theoretical developments challenge such a one-directional perspective and advise to rather ask what adolescents do with digital technology , including their type of use. 37 Second, in order to understand the effects of digital technology use on well-being, it might not be necessary to focus on adolescents. It is likely that similar effects can be found for both adolescents and adults. True, in light of the generally decreased life satisfaction and the generally increased suggestibility, results might be more pronounced for adolescents; however, it seems implausible that they are fundamentally different. When assessing how technology might affect adolescents compared with adults, we can think of adolescents as “canaries in the coalmine.” 38 If digital technology is indeed harmful, it will affect people from all ages, but adolescents are potentially more vulnerable.


Effects


What is the effect of digital technology use on well-being? If we ask US adolescents directly, 31% are of the opinion that the effects are mostly positive, 45% estimate the effects to be neither positive nor negative, and 24% believe that effects are mostly negative. 4 Teens who considered the effects to be positive stated that social media help (i) connect with friend; (ii) obtain information; and (c) find like-minded people. 4 Those who considered the effects to be negative explained that social media increase the risks of (i) bullying; (ii) neglecting face-to-face contacts; (iii) obtaining unrealistic impressions of other people’s lives. 4 


Myriad studies lend empirical support to adolescents’ mixed feelings, reporting a wide range of positive, 39 neutral, 40 or negative 41 relations between specific measures of digital technology use and well-being. Aligned with these mixed results of individual studies, several meta-analyses support the lack of a clear effect. 42 In an analysis of 43 studies on the effects of online technology use on adolescent mental well-being, Best et al 43 found that “[t]he majority of studies reported either mixed or no effect(s) of online social technologies on adolescent wellbeing.” Analyzing eleven studies on the relation between social media use and depressive symptoms, McCrae et al 44 report a small positive relationship. Similarly, Lissak 45 reports positive relations between excessive screen time and insufficient sleep, physiological stress, mind wandering, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related behavior, nonadaptive/negative thinking styles, decreased life satisfaction, and potential health risks in adulthood. On the basis of 12 articles, Wu et al 46 find that “the use of [i]nternet technology leads to an increased sense of connectedness to friend[s] and school, while at the same time increasing levels of anxiety and loneliness among adolescents.” Relatedly, meta-analyses on the relation between social media use and adolescent academic performance find no or negligible effects. 47 


It is important to note that the overall quality of the literature these meta-analyses rely upon has been criticized. 48 This is problematic because low quality of individual studies biases meta-analyses. 49 To achieve higher quality, scholars have called for more large-scale studies using longitudinal designs, objective measures of digital technology use that differentiate types of use, experience sampling measures of well-being (ie, in-the-moment measures of well-being; also known as ambulant assessment or in situ assessment), and a statistical separation of between-person variance and within-person variance. 50 In addition, much research cannot be reproduced because the data and the analysis scripts are not shared. 51 In what follows, we look at studies that implemented some of these suggestions.


Longitudinal studies generally find a complex pattern of effects. In an 8 year study of 500 adolescents in the US, time spent on social media was positively related to anxiety and depression on the between-person level. 52 At the within-person level, these relationships disappeared. The study concludes that those who use social media more often might also be those with lower mental health; however, there does not seem to be a causal link between the two. A study on 1157 Croatians in late adolescence supports these findings. Over a period of 3 years, changes in social media use and life satisfaction were unrelated, speaking to the stability of life satisfaction. 40 In a sample of 1749 Australian adolescents, Houghton et al 53 distinguished between screen activities (eg, web browsing or gaming) and found overall low within-person relations between total screen time and depressive symptoms. Out of all activities, only web surfing was a significant within-person predictor of depressive symptoms. However, the authors argue that this effect might not survive corrections for multiple testing. Combining a longitudinal design with experience sampling in a sample of 388 US adolescents, Jensen et al 54 did not find a between-person association between baseline technology use and mental health. Interestingly, they only observed few and small within-person effects. Heffer et al 55 found no relation between screen use and depressive symptoms in 594 Canadian adolescents over 2 years. These results emphasize the growing need for more robust and transparent methods and analysis. In large adolescent samples from the UK and the US, a specification curve analysis, which provides an overview of many different plausible analyses, found small, negligible relations between screen use and well-being, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. 56 Employing a similar analytical approach, Orben, Dienlin, and Przybylski 57 found small negative between-person relations between social media use and life satisfaction in a large UK sample of adolescents over 7 years. However, there was no robust within-person effect. Similarly, negligible effect sizes between adolescent screen use and well-being are found in cross-sectional data sets representative of the population in the UK and US. 58 In analyzing the potential effects of social media abstinence on well-being, two large-scale studies using adult samples found small positive effects of abstinence on well-being. 59 , 60 Two studies with smaller and mostly student samples instead found mixed 61 or no effects of abstinence on well-being. 62 


The aforementioned studies often relied on composite measures of screen use, possibly explaining the overall small effects. In contrast, work distinguishing between different types of use shows that active use likely has different effects than passive use. Specifically, active use may contribute to making meaningful social connections, whereas passive use does not. 9 For example, meaningful social interactions have been shown to increase social gratification in adults, 63 , 64 whereas passive media use or media use as procrastination has been negatively related to well-being. 6 , 8 This distinction should also apply to adolescents. 6 The first evidence for this proposition already exists. In a large sample of Icelandic adolescents, passive social media use was positively related to anxiety and depressive symptoms; the opposite was the case for active use. 65 


Furthermore, longitudinal work so far relies on self-reports of media use. Self-reported media use has been shown to be inaccurate compared with objectively measured use. 14 Unfortunately, there is little work employing objective measures to test whether the results of longitudinal studies using self-reports hold up when objective use is examined. The limited existing evidence suggests that effects remain small. In a convenience sample of adults, only phone use at night negatively predicted well-being. 66 Another study that combined objective measures of social smartphone applications with experience sampling in young adults found a weak negative relation between objective use and well-being. 67 


Effects might also not be linear. Whereas both low and high levels of internet use have been shown to be associated with slightly decreased life satisfaction, moderate use has been shown to be related to slightly increased life satisfaction. 10 , 35 , 68 However, evidence for this position is mixed; other empirical studies did not find this pattern of effects. 53 , 54 


Taken together, do the positive or the negative effects prevail? The literature implies that the relationship between technology use and adolescent well-being is more complicated than an overall negative linear effect. In line with meta-analyses on adults, effects of digital technology use in general are mostly neutral to small. In their meta-review of 34 meta-analyses and systematic reviews, Meier and Reinecke 42 summarize that “[f]indings suggest an overall (very) small negative association between using SNS [social networking sites], the most researched CMC [computer mediated communication] application, and mental health.” In conclusion, the current literature is mostly ambivalent, although slightly emphasizing the negative effects of digital tech use.


Implications


Although there are several conflicting positions and research findings, some general implications emerge:


1. The general effects of digital technology use on well-being are likely in the negative spectrum, but very small—potentially too small to matter.


2. No screen time is created equal; different uses will lead to different effects.


3. Digital technology use is more likely to affect short-term positive or negative affect than long-term life satisfaction.


4. The dose makes the poison; it appears that both low and excessive use are related to decreased well-being, whereas moderate use is related to increased well-being.


5. Adolescents are likely more vulnerable to effects of digital technology use on well-being, but it is important not to patronize adolescents—effects are comparable and adolescents not powerless.


6. The current empirical research has several limitations: high-quality studies with large-scale samples, objective measures of digital technology use, and experience sampling of well-being are still missing.


Conclusion


Despite almost 30 years of research on digital technology, there is still no coherent empirical evidence as to whether digital technology hampers or fosters well-being. Most likely, general effects are small at best and probably in the negative spectrum. As soon as we take other factors into account, this conclusion does not hold up. Active use that aims to establish meaningful social connections can have positive effects. Passive use likely has negative effects. Both might follow a nonlinear trend. However, research showing causal effects of general digital technology use on well-being is scarce. In light of these limitations, several scholars argue that technology use has a mediating role69: already existing problems increase maladapted technology use, which then decreases life satisfaction. Extreme digital technology use is more likely to be a symptom of an underlying sociopsychological problem than vice versa. In sum, when assessing the effects of technology use on adolescent well-being, one of the best answers is that it’s complicated.


This lack of evidence is not surprising, because there is no consensus on central definitions, measures, and methods. 42 Specifically, digital technology use is an umbrella term that encompasses many different behaviors. Furthermore, it is theoretically unclear as to why adolescents in particular should be susceptible to the effects of technology and what forms of well-being are candidates for effects. At the same time, little research adopts longitudinal designs, differentiates different types of technology use, or measures technology use objectively. Much work in the field has also been criticized for a lack of transparency and rigor. 51 Last, research (including this review) is strongly biased toward a Western perspective. In other cultures, adolescents use markedly different services (such as WeChat or Renren, etc). Although we assume most effects to be comparable, problems seem to differ somewhat. For example, online gaming addiction is more prevalent in Asian than Western cultures. 70 


Adults have always criticized the younger generation, and media (novels, rock music, comic books, or computer games) have often been one of the culprits. 1 Media panics are cyclical, and we should refrain from simply blaming the unknown and the novel. 1 In view of the public debate, we should rather emphasize that digital technology is not good or bad per se. Digital technology does not “happen” to individuals. Individuals, instead, actively use technology, often with much competence. 3 The current evidence suggests that typical digital technology use will not harm a typical adolescent. That is not to say there are no individual cases and scenarios in which effects might be negative and large. Let’s be wary, but not alarmist.


Acknowledgments

Both authors declare no conflicts of interest. Both authors contributed equally to this manuscript. Tobias Dienlin receives funding from the Volkswagen Foundation. We would like to thank Amy Orben for valuable feedback and comments

Case study on adoption of new technology for innovation: Perspective of institutional and corporate entrepreneurship

Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

ISSN : 2398-7812

Article publication date: 7 August 2017

This paper aims at investigating the role of institutional entrepreneurship and corporate entrepreneurship to cope with firm’ impasses by adoption of the new technology ahead of other firms. Also, this paper elucidates the importance of own specific institutional and corporate entrepreneurship created from firm’s norm.

Design/methodology/approach

The utilized research frame is as follows: first, perspective of studies on institutional and corporate entrepreneurship are performed using prior literature and preliminary references; second, analytical research frame was proposed; finally, phase-based cases are conducted so as to identify research objective.

Kumho Tire was the first tire manufacturer in the world to exploit the utilization of radio-frequency identification for passenger carâ’s tire. Kumho Tire takes great satisfaction in lots of failures to develop the cutting edge technology using advanced information and communication technology cultivated by heterogeneous institution and corporate entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

The firm concentrated its resources into building the organization’s communication process and enhancing the quality of its human resources from the early stages of their birth so as to create distinguishable corporate entrepreneurship.

• Corporate entrepreneurship
• Institutional entrepreneurship

Han, J. and Park, C.-m. (2017), "Case study on adoption of new technology for innovation: Perspective of institutional and corporate entrepreneurship", Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship , Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 144-158. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-08-2017-031

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2017, Junghee Han and Chang-min Park.

Published in the Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship . Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial & non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode

1. Introduction

Without the entrepreneur, invention and new knowledge possibly have lain dormant in the memory of persons or in the pages of literature. There is a Korean saying, “Even if the beads are too much, they become treasure after sewn”. This implies importance of entrepreneurship. In general, innovativeness and risk-taking are associated with entrepreneurial activity and, more importantly, are considered to be important attributes that impact the implementation of new knowledge pursuing.

Implementation of cutting edge technology ahead of other firms is an important mechanism for firms to achieve competitive advantage ( Capon et al. , 1990 ; D’Aveni, 1994 ). Certainly, new product innovation continues to play a vital role in competitive business environment and is considered to be a key driver of firm performance, especially as a significant form of corporate entrepreneurship ( Srivastava and Lee, 2005 ). Corporate entrepreneurship is critical success factor for a firm’s survival, profitability and growth ( Phan et al. , 2009 ).

The first-mover has identified innovativeness and risk-taking as important attributes of first movers. Lumpkin and Dess (1996) argued that proactiveness is a key entrepreneurial characteristic related to new technology adoption and product. This study aims to investigate the importance of corporate and institutional entrepreneurship through analyzing the K Tire’s first adaptation of Radio-frequency identification (RFID) among the world tire manufactures. Also, this paper can contribute to start ups’ readiness for cultivating of corporate and institutional entrepreneurship from initial stage to grow and survive.

K Tire is the Korean company that, for the first time in the world, applied RFID to manufacturing passenger vehicle tires in 2013. Through such efforts, the company has built an innovation model that utilizes ICTs. The adoption of the technology distinguishes K Tire from other competitors, which usually rely on bar codes. None of the global tire manufacturers have applied the RFID technology to passenger vehicle tires. K Tire’s decision to apply RFID to passenger vehicle tires for the first time in the global tire industry, despite the uncertainties associated with the adoption of innovative technologies, is being lauded as a successful case of innovation. In the global tire market, K Tire belongs to the second tier, rather than the leader group consisting of manufacturers with large market shares. Then, what led K Tire to apply RFID technology to the innovation of its manufacturing process? A company that adopts innovative technologies ahead of others, even if the company is a latecomer, demonstrates its distinguishing characteristics in terms of innovation. As such, this study was motivated by the following questions. With regard to the factors that facilitate innovation, first, what kind of the corporate and institutional situations that make a company more pursue innovation? Second, what are the technological situations? Third, how do the environmental situations affect innovation? A case study offers the benefit of a closer insight into the entrepreneurship frame of a specific company. This study has its frame work rooted in corporate entrepreneurship ( Guth and Ginsberg, 1990 ; Shane and Venkataraman, 2000 ) and institutional entrepreneurship ( Battilana, 2006 ; Fligstein, 1997 ; Rojas, 2010 ). As mentioned, we utilized qualitative research method ( Yin, 2008 ). This paper is structured as follows. Section two presents the literature review, and section three present the methodology and a research case. Four and five presents discussion and conclusions and implications, respectively.

2. Theoretical review and analysis model

RFID technology is to be considered as not high technology; however, it is an entirely cutting edged skills when combined with automotive tire manufacturing. To examine why and how the firm behaves like the first movers, taking incomparable high risks to achieve aims unlike others, we review three kinds of prior literature. As firms move from stage to stage, they have to revamp innovative capabilities to survive and ceaseless stimulate growth.

2.1 Nature of corporate entrepreneurship

Before reviewing the corporate entrepreneurship, it is needed to understand what entrepreneurship is. To more understand the role that entrepreneurship plays in modern economy, one need refer to insights given by Schumpeter (1942) or Kirzner (1997) . Schumpeter suggests that entrepreneurship is an engine of economic growth by utilization of new technologies. He also insists potential for serving to discipline firms in their struggle to survive gale of creative destruction. While Schumper argued principle of entrepreneurship, Kirzner explains the importance of opportunities. The disruptions generated by creative destruction are exploited by individuals who are alert enough to exploit the opportunities that arise ( Kirzner, 1997 ; Shane and Venkataraman, 2000 ).

Commonly all these perspectives on entrepreneurship is an appreciation that the emergence of novelty is not an easy or predictable process. Based on literature review, we note that entrepreneurship is heterogeneous interests and seek “something new” associated with novel outcomes. Considering the literature review, we can observe that entrepreneurship is the belief in individual autonomy and discretion, and a mindset that locates agency in individuals for creating new activities ( Meyer et al. ,1994 ; Jepperson and Meyer, 2001 ).

the firm’s commitment to innovation (including creation and introduction of products, emphasis on R&D investments and commitment to patenting);

the firm’s venturing activities, such as entry into new business fields by sponsoring new ventures and creating new businesses; and

strategic renewal efforts aimed at revitalizing the firm’s ability to compete.

developing innovation an organizational tool;

allowing the employees to propose ideas; and

encouraging and nurturing the new knowledge ( Hisrich, 1986 ; Kuratko, 2007 ).

Consistent with the above stream of research, our paper focuses on a firm’s new adaptation of RFID as a significant form of corporate entrepreneurial activity. Thus, CE refers to the activities a firm undertakes to stimulate innovation and encourage calculated risk taking throughout its operations. Considering prior literature reviews, we propose that corporate entrepreneurship is the process by which individuals inside the organization pursuing opportunities without regards to the resources they control.

If a firm has corporate entrepreneurship, innovation (i.e. transformation of the existing firm, the birth of new business organization and innovation) happens. In sum, corporate entrepreneurship plays a role to pursue to be a first mover from a latecomer by encompassing the three phenomena.

2.2 Institution and institutional entrepreneurship

Most literature regarding entrepreneurship deals with the attribute of individual behavior. More recently, scholars have attended to the wider ecosystem that serves to reinforce risk-taking behavior. Institution and institutional entrepreneurship is one way to look at ecosystem that how individuals and groups attempt to try to become entrepreneurial activities and innovation.

Each organization has original norm and intangible rules. According to the suggestion by Scott (1995) , institutions constrain behavior as a result of processes associated with institutional pillars. The question how actors within the organizations become motivated and enabled to transform the taken-for-granted structures has attracted substantial attention for institutionalist. To understand why some firms are more likely to seek innovation activities despite numerous difficulties and obstacles, we should take look at the institutional entrepreneurship.

the regulative, which induces worker’s action through coercion and formal sanction;

the normative, which induces worker’s action through norms of acceptability and ethics; and

the cognitive, which induces worker’s action through categories and frames by which actors know and interpret their world.

North (1990) defines institutions as the humanly devised constraints that structure human action. Actors within some organization with sufficient resources have intend to look at them an opportunity to realize interests that they value highly ( DiMaggio, 1988 ).

It opened institutional arguments to ideas from the co-evolving entrepreneurship literature ( Aldrich and Fiol, 1994 ; Aldrich and Martinez, 2001 ). The core argument of the institutional entrepreneurship is mechanisms enabling force to motivate for actors to act difficult task based on norm, culture and shared value. The innovation, adopting RFID, a technology not verified in terms of its effectiveness for tires, can be influenced by the institution of the society.

A firm is the organizations. An organization is situated within an institution that has social and economic norms. Opportunity is important for entrepreneurship. The concept of institutional entrepreneurship refer to the activities of worker or actor who have new opportunity to realize interest that they values highly ( DiMaggio, 1988 ). DiMaggio (1988) argues that opportunity for institutional entrepreneurship will be “seen” and “exploited” by within workers and not others depending on their resources and interests respectively.

Despite that ambiguity for success was given, opportunity and motivation for entrepreneurs to act strategically, shape emerging institutional arrangements or standards to their interests ( Fligstein and Mara-Drita, 1996 ; Garud et al. , 2002 ; Hargadon and Douglas, 2001 ; Maguire et al. , 2004 ).

Resource related to opportunity within institutional entrepreneurship include formal or informal authority and power ( Battilana, 2006 ; Rojas, 2010 ). Maguire et al. (2004) suggest legitimacy as an important ingredient related to opportunity for institutional entrepreneurship. Some scholars suggest opportunity resources for institutional entrepreneurship as various aspects. For instance, Marquire and Hardy (2009) show that knowledge and expertise is more crucial resources. Social capital, including market leadership and social network, is importance resource related to opportunity ( Garud et al. , 2002 ; Lawrence et al. , 2005 ; Townley, 2002 ). From a sociological perspective, change associated with entrepreneurship implies deviations from some norm ( Garud and Karnøe, 2003 ).

Institutional entrepreneurship is therefore a concept that reintroduces agency, interests and power into institutional analyses of organizations. Based on the previous discussion, this study defines institution as three processes of network activity; coercion and formal sanction, normative and cognitive, to acquire the external knowledge from adopting common goals and rules inside an organization. It would be an interesting approach to look into a specific company to see whether it is proactive towards adopting ICTs (e.g. RFID) and innovation on the basis of such theoretical background.

2.3. Theoretical analysis frame

Companies innovate themselves in response to the challenges of the ever-changing markets and technologies, so as to ensure their survival and growth ( Tushman and Anderson, 1986 ; Tidd and Bessant, 2009 ; Teece, 2014 ). As illustrated above, to achieve the purpose of this study, the researcher provides the following frames of analyses based on the theoretical background discussed above ( Figure 1 ).

3. Case study

3.1 methodology.

It is a highly complicated and tough task to analyze the long process of innovation at a company. In this paper, we used analytical approach rather than the problem-oriented method because the case is examined to find and understand what has happened and why. It is not necessary to identify problems or suggest solutions. Namely, this paper analyzes that “why K Tire becomes a first mover from a late comer through first adoption of RFID technology for automotive tire manufacture with regards to process and production innovations”.

To study the organizational characteristics such as corporate entrepreneurship, institutional entrepreneurship, innovation process of companies, the qualitative case study is the suitable method. This is because a case study is a useful method when verifying or expanding well-known theories or challenging a specific theory ( Yin, 2008 ). This study seeks to state the frame of analysis established, based on previously established theories through a single case. K Tire was selected as the sample because it is the first global tire manufacturer, first mover to achieve innovation by developing and applying RFID.

The data for the case study were collected as follows. First, this study was conducted from April 2015 to the end of December 2015. Additional expanded data also were collected from September 12 to November 22, 2016, to pursue the goal of this paper. Coauthor worked for K Tire for more than 30 year, and currently serves as the CEO of an affiliate company. As such, we had the most hands-on knowledge and directed data in the process of adoption RFID. This makes this case study a form of participant observation ( Yin, 2008 ). To secure data on institutional entrepreneurship, in-depth interviews were conducted with the vice president of K Tire. The required data were secured using e-mail, and the researchers accepted the interviewees’ demand to keep certain sensitive matters confidential. The interviewees agreed to record the interview sessions. In this way, a 20-min interview data were secured for each interviewee. In addition, apart from the internal data of the subject company, other objective data were obtained by investigating various literatures published through the press.

3.2 Company overview

In September 1960, K Tire was established in South Korea as the name of Samyang Tire. In that time, the domestic automobile industry in Korea was at a primitive stage, as were auto motive parts industries like the tire industry. K Tire products 20 tires a day, depending on manual labor because of our backward technology and shortage of facilities.

The growth of K Tire was astonishment. Despite the 1974 oil shock and difficulties in procuring raw materials, K Tire managed to achieve remarkable growth. In 1976, K Tire became the leader in the tire sector and was listed on the Korea Stock Exchange. Songjung plant II was added in 1977. Receiving the grand prize of the Korea Quality Control Award in 1979, K Tire sharpened its corporate image with the public. The turmoil of political instability and feverish democratization in the 1980s worsened the business environment. K Tire also underwent labor-management struggles but succeeded in straightening out one issue after another. In the meantime, the company chalked up a total output of 50 million tires, broke ground for its Koksung plant and completed its proving ground in preparation for a new takeoff.

In the 1990s, K Tire expanded its research capability and founded technical research centers in the USA and the United Kingdom to establish a global R&D network. It also concentrated its capabilities in securing the foundation as a global brand, by building world-class R&D capabilities and production systems. Even in the 2000s, the company maintained its growth as a global company through continued R&D efforts by securing its production and quality capabilities, supplying tires for new models to Mercedes, Benz, Volkswagen and other global auto manufacturers.

3.3 Implementation of radio-frequency identification technology

RFID is radio-frequency identification technology to recognize stored information by using a magnetic carrier wave. RFID tags can be either passive, active or battery-assisted passive (BAP). An active tag has an on-board battery and periodically transmits its ID signal. A BAP has a small battery on board and is activated when in the presence of an RFID reader. A passive tag is cheaper and smaller because it has no battery; instead, the tag uses the radio energy transmitted by the reader. However, to operate a passive tag, it must be illuminated with a power level roughly a thousand times stronger than for signal transmission. That makes a difference in interference and in exposure to radiation.

an integrated circuit for storing and processing information, modulating and demodulating a radio frequency signal, collecting DC power from the incident reader signal, and other specialized functions; and

an antenna for receiving and transmitting the signal.

capable of recognizing information without contact;

capable of recognizing information regardless of the direction;

capable of reading and saving a large amount of data;

requires less time to recognize information;

can be designed or manufactured in accordance with the system or environmental requirements;

capable of recognizing data unaffected by contamination or the environment;

not easily damaged and cheaper to maintain, compared with the bar code system; and

tags are reusable.

3.3.1 Phase 1. Background of exploitation of radio-frequency identification (2005-2010).

Despite rapid growth of K Tire since 1960, K Tire ranked at the 13th place in the global market (around 2 per cent of the global market share) as of 2012. To enlarge global market share is desperate homework. K Tire was indispensable to develop the discriminated technologies. When bar code system commonly used by the competitors, and the industry leaders, K Tire had a decision for adoption of RFID technology instead of bar code system for tires as a first mover strategy instead of a late comer with regard to manufacture tires for personal vehicle. In fact, K Tire met two kinds of hardship. Among the top 20, the second-tier companies with market shares of 1-2 per cent are immersed in fiercer competitions to advance their ranks. The fierceness of the competition is reflected in the fact that of the companies ranked between the 11th and 20th place, only two maintained their rank from 2013.

With the demand for stricter product quality control and manufacture history tracking expanding among the auto manufacturers, tire manufacturers have come to face the need to change their way of production and logistics management. Furthermore, a tire manufacturer cannot survive if it does not properly respond to the ever stricter and exacting demand for safe passenger vehicle tires of higher quality from customers and auto manufacturers. As mentioned above, K Tire became one of the top 10 companies in the global markets, recording fast growth until the early 2000. During this period, K Tire drew the attention of the global markets with a series of new technologies and innovative technologies through active R&D efforts. Of those new products, innovative products – such as ultra-high-performance tires – led the global markets and spurred the company’s growth. However, into the 2010s, the propriety of the UHP tire technology was gradually lost, and the effect of the innovation grew weaker as the global leading companies stepped forward to take the reign in the markets. Subsequently, K Tire suffered from difficulties across its businesses, owing to the failure to develop follow-up innovative products or market-leading products, as well as the aggressive activities by the company’s hardline labor union. Such difficulties pushed K Tire down to the 13th position in 2014, which sparked the dire need to bring about innovative changes within the company.

3.3.2 Phase 2. Ceaseless endeavor and its failure (2011-2012).

It needs to be lightweight : An RFID tag attached inside a vehicle may adversely affect the weight balance of the tires. A heavier tag has greater adverse impact on the tire performance. Therefore, a tag needs to be as light as possible.

It needs to be durable : Passenger vehicle tires are exposed to extensive bending and stretching, as well as high levels of momentum, which may damage a tag, particularly causing damage to or even loss of the antenna section.

It needs to maintain adhesiveness : Tags are attached on the inner surface, which increase the possibility of the tags falling off from the surface while the vehicle is in motion.

It needs to be resistant to high temperature and high pressure : While going through the tire manufacture process, a tag is exposed to a high temperature of around 200°C and high pressure of around 30 bars. Therefore, a tag should maintain its physical integrity and function at such high pressure and temperature.

It needs to be less costly : A passenger vehicle tire is smaller, and therefore cheaper than truck/bus tires. As a result, an RFID tag places are greater burden on the production cost.

Uncountable tag prototypes, were applied to around 200 test tires in South Korea for actual driving tests. Around 150 prototypes were sent to extremely hot regions overseas for actual driving tests. However, the driving tests revealed damage to the antenna sections of the tags embedded in tires, as the tires reached the end of their wear life. Also, there was separation of the embedded tags from the rubber layers. This confirmed the risk of tire separation, resulting in the failure of the tag development attempt.

3.3.3 Phase 3. Success of adoption RFID (2013-2014).

Despite the numerous difficulties and failures in the course of development, the company ultimately emerged successful, owing to its institutional entrepreneurship and corporate entrepreneurship the government’s support. Owing to the government-led support project, K Tire resumed its RFID development efforts in 2011. This time, the company discarded the idea of the embedded-type tag, which was attempted during the first development. Instead, the company turned to attached-type tag. The initial stages were marked with numerous failures: the size of a tag was large at 20 × 70 mm, which had adverse impact on the rotation balance of the tires, and the attached area was too large, causing the attached sections to fall off as the tire stretched and bent. That was when all personnel from the technical, manufacturing, and logistics department participated in creating ideas to resolve the tag size and adhesiveness issues. Through cooperation across the different departments and repeated tests, K Tire successfully developed its RFID tag by coming up with new methods to minimize the tag size to its current size (9 × 45 mm), maintain adhesiveness and lower the tag price. Finally, K Tire was success the adoption RFID.

3.3.4 Phase 4. Establishment of the manufacture, logistics and marketing tracking system.

Whenever subtle and problematic innovation difficulties arise, every worker and board member moves forward through networking and knowledge sharing within intra and external.

While a bar code is only capable of storing the information on the nationality, manufacturer and category of a product, an RFID tag is capable of storing a far wider scope of information: nationality, manufacturer, category, manufacturing date, machines used, lot number, size, color, quantity, date and place of delivery and recipient. In addition, while the data stored in a bar code cannot be revised or expanded once the code is generated, an RFID tag allows for revisions, additions and removal of data. As for the recognition capability, a bar code recognizes 95per cent of the data at the maximum temperature of 70°C. An RFID tag, on the other hand, recognizes 99.9 per cent of the data at 120°C.

The manufacture and transportation information during the semi-finished product process before the shaping process is stored in the RFID tags, which is attached to the delivery equipment to be provided to the MLMTS;

Logistics Products released from the manufacture process are stored in the warehouses, to be released and transported again to logistics centers inside and outside of South Korea. The RFID tags record the warehousing information, as the products are stored into the warehouses, as well as the release information as the products are released. The information is instantly delivered to the MLMTS;

As a marketing, the RFID tags record the warehousing information of the products supplied and received by sales branches from the logistics centers, as well as the sales information of the products sold to consumers. The information is instantly delivered to the MLMTS; and

As a role of integrative Server, MLM Integrative Server manages the overall information transmitted from the infrastructures for each section (production information, inventory status and release information, product position and inventory information, consumer sales information, etc.).

The MLMTS provides the company with various systemic functions to integrate and manage such information: foolproof against manufacture process errors, manufacture history and quality tracking for each individual product, warehousing/releasing and inventory status control for each process, product position control between processes, real-time warehouse monitoring, release control and history information tracking across products of different sizes, as well as link/control of sales and customer information. To consumers, the system provides convenience services by providing production and quality information of the products, provision of the product history through full tracking in the case of a claim, as well as a tire pressure monitoring system:

“South korea’s K Tire Co. Inc. has begun applying radio-frequency identification (RFID) system tags on: half-finished” tire since June 16. We are now using an IoT based production and distribution integrated management system to apply RFID system on our “half-finished products” the tire maker said, claiming this is a world-first in the industry. The technology will enable K Tire to manage products more efficiently than its competitors, according to the company. RFID allows access to information about a product’s location, storage and release history, as well as its inventory management (London, 22, 2015 Tire Business).

4. Discussions

Originally, aims of RFID adoption for passenger car “half-finished product” is to chase the front runners, Hankook Tire in Korea including global leading companies like Bridgestone, Michaelin and Goodyear. In particular, Hankook Tire, established in 1941 has dominated domestic passenger tire market by using the first mover’s advantage. As a late comer, K Tire needs distinguishable innovation strategy which is RFID adoption for passenger car’s tire, “half-finished product” to overcome shortage of number of distribution channels. Adoption of RFID technology for passenger car’s tire has been known as infeasible methodologies according to explanation by Changmin Park, vice-CTO (chief technology officer) until K Tire’s success.

We lensed success factors as three perspectives; institutional entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship and innovation. First, as a corporate entrepreneurship perspective, adopting innovative technologies having uncertainties accompanies by a certain risk of failure. Corporate entrepreneurship refers to firm’s effort that inculcate and promote innovation and risk taking throughout its operations ( Burgelman, 1983 ; Guth and Ginsberg, 1990 ). K Tire’s success was made possible by overcome the uncountable difficulties based on shared value and norms (e.g. Fligstein and Mara-Drita, 1996 ; Garud et al. , 2002 ; Hargadon and Douglas, 2001 ; Maguire et al. , 2004 ).

An unsuccessful attempt at developing innovative technologies causes direct loss, as well as loss of the opportunity costs. This is why many companies try to avoid risks by adopting or following the leading companies’ technologies or the dominant technologies. Stimulating corporate entrepreneurship requires firms to acquire and use new knowledge to exploit emerging opportunities. This knowledge could be obtained by joining alliances, selectively hiring key personnel, changing the composition or decision-making processes of a company’s board of directors or investing in R&D activities. When the firm uses multiple sources of knowledge ( Branzei and Vertinsky, 2006 ; Thornhill, 2006 ), some of these sources may complement one another, while others may substitute each other ( Zahra and George, 2002 ). Boards also provide managers with appropriate incentives that better align their interests with those of the firm. Given the findings, K Tire seeks new knowledge from external organizations through its discriminative corporate entrepreneurship.

When adopting the RFID system for its passenger vehicle tires, K Tire also had to develop new RFID tags suitable for the specific type of tire. The company’s capabilities were limited by the surrounding conditions, which prevented the application of existing tire RFID tag technologies, such as certain issues with the tire manufacturing process, the characteristic of its tires and the price of RFID tags per tire. Taking risks and confronting challenges are made from board member’s accountability. From the findings, we find that entrepreneurship leadership can be encouraged in case of within the accountability frame work.

Despite its status as a second-tier company, K Tire attempted to adopt the RFID system to its passenger vehicle tires, a feat not achieved even by the leading companies. Thus, the company ultimately built and settled the system through numerous trials and errors. Such success was made possible by the entrepreneurship of K Tire’s management, who took the risk of failure inherent in adopting innovative technologies and confronting challenges head on.

Second, institutional entrepreneurship not only involves the “capacity to imagine alternative possibilities”, it also requires the ability “to contextualize past habits and future projects within the contingencies of the moment” if existing institutions are to be transformed ( Emirbayer and Mische, 1998 ). New technologies, the technical infrastructure, network activities to acquire the new knowledge, learning capabilities, creating a new organization such as Pioneer Lab and new rules to create new technologies are the features. To qualify as institutional entrepreneurs, individuals must break with existing rules and practices associated with the dominant institutional logic(s) and institutionalize the alternative rules, practices or logics they are championing ( Garud and Karnøe, 2003 ; Battilana, 2006 ). K Tire established new organization, “Special lab” to obtain the know technology and information as CEO’s direct sub-committees. Institutional entrepreneurship arise when actors, through their filed position, recognize the opportunity circumstance so called “norms” ( Battilana et al. , 2009 ). To make up the deficit of technologies for RFID, knowledge stream among workers is more needed. Destruction of hierarch ranking system is proxy of the institutional entrepreneurship. Also, K Tire has peculiar norms. Namely, if one requires the further study such as degree course or non-degree course education services, grant systems operated via short screen process. Third, as innovation perspectives, before adopting the RFID system, the majority of K Tire’s researchers insisted that the company use the bar code technology, which had been widely used by the competitors. Such decision was predicated on the prediction that RFID technology would see wider use in the future, as well as the expected effect coming from taking the leading position, with regard to the technology.

Finally, K Tire’s adoption of the RFID technology cannot be understood without government support. The South Korean government has been implementing the “Verification and Dissemination Project for New u-IT Technologies” since 2008. Owing to policy support, K Tire can provide worker with educational service including oversea universities.

5. Conclusions and implications

To cope with various technological impasses, K Tire demonstrated the importance of institutional and corporate entrepreneurship. What a firm pursues more positive act for innovation is a research question.

Unlike firms, K Tire has strongly emphasized IT technology since establishment in 1960. To be promotion, every worker should get certification of IT sectors after recruiting. This has become the firm’s norm. This norm was spontaneously embedded for firm’s culture. K Tire has sought new ICT technology become a first mover. This norm can galvanize to take risk to catch up the first movers in view of institutional entrepreneurship.

That can be cultivated both by corporate entrepreneurship, referred to the activities a firm undertakes to stimulate innovation and encourage calculated risk taking throughout its operations within accountabilities and institutional entrepreneurship, referred to create its own peculiar norm. Contribution of our paper shows both importance of board members of directors in cultivating corporate entrepreneurship and importance of norm and rules in inducing institutional entrepreneurship.

In conclusion, many of them were skeptical about adopting RFID for its passenger vehicle tires at a time when even the global market and technology leaders were not risking such innovation, citing reasons such as risk of failure and development costs. However, enthusiasm and entrepreneurship across the organization towards technical innovation was achieved through the experience of developing leading technologies, as well as the resolve of the company’s management and its institutional entrepreneurship, which resulted in the company’s decision to adopt the RFID technology for small tires, a technology with unverified effects that had not been widely used in the markets. Introduction of new organization which “Special lab” is compelling example of institutional entrepreneurship. Also, to pursue RFID technology, board members unanimously agree to make new organization in the middle of failing and unpredictable success. This decision was possible since K Tire’s cultivated norm which was to boost ICT technologies. In addition, at that time, board of director’s behavior can be explained by corporate entrepreneurship.

From the findings, this paper also suggests importance of firms’ visions or culture from startup stage because they can become a peculiar norm and become firm’s institutional entrepreneurship. In much contemporary research, professionals and experts are identified as key institutional entrepreneurs, who rely on their legitimated claim to authoritative knowledge or particular issue domains. This case study shows that authoritative knowledge by using their peculiar norm, and culture as well as corporate entrepreneurship.

This paper has some limitations. Despite the fact that paper shows various fruitful findings, this study is not free from that our findings are limited to a single exploratory case study. Overcoming such limitation requires securing more samples, including the group of companies that attempt unprecedented innovations across various industries. In this paper, we can’t release all findings through in-depth interview and face-to-face meetings because of promise for preventing the secret tissues.

Nevertheless, the contribution of this study lies in that it shows the importance of corporate entrepreneurship and institutional entrepreneurship for firm’s innovative capabilities to grow ceaselessly.

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Acknowledgements

 This work was supported by 2017 Hongik University Research Fund.

Corresponding author

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Feb 13, 2023

200-500 Word Example Essays about Technology

Got an essay assignment about technology check out these examples to inspire you.

Technology is a rapidly evolving field that has completely changed the way we live, work, and interact with one another. Technology has profoundly impacted our daily lives, from how we communicate with friends and family to how we access information and complete tasks. As a result, it's no surprise that technology is a popular topic for students writing essays.

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This blog post aims to provide readers with various example essays on technology, all generated by Jenni.ai. These essays will be a valuable resource for students looking for inspiration or guidance as they work on their essays. By reading through these example essays, students can better understand how technology can be approached and discussed in an essay.

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The Impact of Technology on Society and Culture

Introduction:.

Technology has become an integral part of our daily lives and has dramatically impacted how we interact, communicate, and carry out various activities. Technological advancements have brought positive and negative changes to society and culture. In this article, we will explore the impact of technology on society and culture and how it has influenced different aspects of our lives.

Positive impact on communication:

Technology has dramatically improved communication and made it easier for people to connect from anywhere in the world. Social media platforms, instant messaging, and video conferencing have brought people closer, bridging geographical distances and cultural differences. This has made it easier for people to share information, exchange ideas, and collaborate on projects.

Positive impact on education:

Students and instructors now have access to a multitude of knowledge and resources because of the effect of technology on education . Students may now study at their speed and from any location thanks to online learning platforms, educational applications, and digital textbooks.

Negative impact on critical thinking and creativity:

Technological advancements have resulted in a reduction in critical thinking and creativity. With so much information at our fingertips, individuals have become more passive in their learning, relying on the internet for solutions rather than logic and inventiveness. As a result, independent thinking and problem-solving abilities have declined.

Positive impact on entertainment:

Technology has transformed how we access and consume entertainment. People may now access a wide range of entertainment alternatives from the comfort of their own homes thanks to streaming services, gaming platforms, and online content makers. The entertainment business has entered a new age of creativity and invention as a result of this.

Negative impact on attention span:

However, the continual bombardment of information and technological stimulation has also reduced attention span and the capacity to focus. People are easily distracted and need help focusing on a single activity for a long time. This has hampered productivity and the ability to accomplish duties.

The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies has been one of the most significant technological developments of the past several decades. These cutting-edge technologies have the potential to alter several sectors of society, including commerce, industry, healthcare, and entertainment. 

As with any new and quickly advancing technology, AI and ML ethics must be carefully studied. The usage of these technologies presents significant concerns around privacy, accountability, and command. As the use of AI and ML grows more ubiquitous, we must assess their possible influence on society and investigate the ethical issues that must be taken into account as these technologies continue to develop.

What are Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning?

Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence in machines designed to think and act like humans. Machine learning is a subfield of AI that enables computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed.

The impact of AI and ML on Society

The use of AI and ML in various industries, such as healthcare, finance, and retail, has brought many benefits. For example, AI-powered medical diagnosis systems can identify diseases faster and more accurately than human doctors. However, there are also concerns about job displacement and the potential for AI to perpetuate societal biases.

The Ethical Considerations of AI and ML

A. Bias in AI algorithms

One of the critical ethical concerns about AI and ML is the potential for algorithms to perpetuate existing biases. This can occur if the data used to train these algorithms reflects the preferences of the people who created it. As a result, AI systems can perpetuate these biases and discriminate against certain groups of people.

B. Responsibility for AI-generated decisions

Another ethical concern is the responsibility for decisions made by AI systems. For example, who is responsible for the damage if a self-driving car causes an accident? The manufacturer of the vehicle, the software developer, or the AI algorithm itself?

C. The potential for misuse of AI and ML

AI and ML can also be used for malicious purposes, such as cyberattacks and misinformation. The need for more regulation and oversight in developing and using these technologies makes it difficult to prevent misuse.

The developments in AI and ML have given numerous benefits to humanity, but they also present significant ethical concerns that must be addressed. We must assess the repercussions of new technologies on society, implement methods to limit the associated dangers, and guarantee that they are utilized for the greater good. As AI and ML continue to play an ever-increasing role in our daily lives, we must engage in an open and frank discussion regarding their ethics.

The Future of Work And Automation

Rapid technological breakthroughs in recent years have brought about considerable changes in our way of life and work. Concerns regarding the influence of artificial intelligence and machine learning on the future of work and employment have increased alongside the development of these technologies. This article will examine the possible advantages and disadvantages of automation and its influence on the labor market, employees, and the economy.

The Advantages of Automation

Automation in the workplace offers various benefits, including higher efficiency and production, fewer mistakes, and enhanced precision. Automated processes may accomplish repetitive jobs quickly and precisely, allowing employees to concentrate on more complex and creative activities. Additionally, automation may save organizations money since it removes the need to pay for labor and minimizes the danger of workplace accidents.

The Potential Disadvantages of Automation

However, automation has significant disadvantages, including job loss and income stagnation. As robots and computers replace human labor in particular industries, there is a danger that many workers may lose their jobs, resulting in higher unemployment and more significant economic disparity. Moreover, if automation is not adequately regulated and managed, it might lead to stagnant wages and a deterioration in employees' standard of life.

The Future of Work and Automation

Despite these difficulties, automation will likely influence how labor is done. As a result, firms, employees, and governments must take early measures to solve possible issues and reap the rewards of automation. This might entail funding worker retraining programs, enhancing education and skill development, and implementing regulations that support equality and justice at work.

IV. The Need for Ethical Considerations

We must consider the ethical ramifications of automation and its effects on society as technology develops. The impact on employees and their rights, possible hazards to privacy and security, and the duty of corporations and governments to ensure that automation is utilized responsibly and ethically are all factors to be taken into account.

Conclusion:

To summarise, the future of employment and automation will most certainly be defined by a complex interaction of technological advances, economic trends, and cultural ideals. All stakeholders must work together to handle the problems and possibilities presented by automation and ensure that technology is employed to benefit society as a whole.

The Role of Technology in Education

Introduction.

Nearly every part of our lives has been transformed by technology, and education is no different. Today's students have greater access to knowledge, opportunities, and resources than ever before, and technology is becoming a more significant part of their educational experience. Technology is transforming how we think about education and creating new opportunities for learners of all ages, from online courses and virtual classrooms to instructional applications and augmented reality.

Technology's Benefits for Education

The capacity to tailor learning is one of technology's most significant benefits in education. Students may customize their education to meet their unique needs and interests since they can access online information and tools. 

For instance, people can enroll in online classes on topics they are interested in, get tailored feedback on their work, and engage in virtual discussions with peers and subject matter experts worldwide. As a result, pupils are better able to acquire and develop the abilities and information necessary for success.

Challenges and Concerns

Despite the numerous advantages of technology in education, there are also obstacles and considerations to consider. One issue is the growing reliance on technology and the possibility that pupils would become overly dependent on it. This might result in a lack of critical thinking and problem-solving abilities, as students may become passive learners who only follow instructions and rely on technology to complete their assignments.

Another obstacle is the digital divide between those who have access to technology and those who do not. This division can exacerbate the achievement gap between pupils and produce uneven educational and professional growth chances. To reduce these consequences, all students must have access to the technology and resources necessary for success.

In conclusion, technology is rapidly becoming an integral part of the classroom experience and has the potential to alter the way we learn radically. 

Technology can help students flourish and realize their full potential by giving them access to individualized instruction, tools, and opportunities. While the benefits of technology in the classroom are undeniable, it's crucial to be mindful of the risks and take precautions to guarantee that all kids have access to the tools they need to thrive.

The Influence of Technology On Personal Relationships And Communication 

Technological advancements have profoundly altered how individuals connect and exchange information. It has changed the world in many ways in only a few decades. Because of the rise of the internet and various social media sites, maintaining relationships with people from all walks of life is now simpler than ever. 

However, concerns about how these developments may affect interpersonal connections and dialogue are inevitable in an era of rapid technological growth. In this piece, we'll discuss how the prevalence of digital media has altered our interpersonal connections and the language we use to express ourselves.

Direct Effect on Direct Interaction:

The disruption of face-to-face communication is a particularly stark example of how technology has impacted human connections. The quality of interpersonal connections has suffered due to people's growing preference for digital over human communication. Technology has been demonstrated to reduce the usage of nonverbal signs such as facial expressions, tone of voice, and other indicators of emotional investment in the connection.

Positive Impact on Long-Distance Relationships:

Yet there are positives to be found as well. Long-distance relationships have also benefited from technological advancements. The development of technologies such as video conferencing, instant messaging, and social media has made it possible for individuals to keep in touch with distant loved ones. It has become simpler for individuals to stay in touch and feel connected despite geographical distance.

The Effects of Social Media on Personal Connections:

The widespread use of social media has had far-reaching consequences, especially on the quality of interpersonal interactions. Social media has positive and harmful effects on relationships since it allows people to keep in touch and share life's milestones.

Unfortunately, social media has made it all too easy to compare oneself to others, which may lead to emotions of jealousy and a general decline in confidence. Furthermore, social media might cause people to have inflated expectations of themselves and their relationships.

A Personal Perspective on the Intersection of Technology and Romance

Technological advancements have also altered physical touch and closeness. Virtual reality and other technologies have allowed people to feel physical contact and familiarity in a digital setting. This might be a promising breakthrough, but it has some potential downsides. 

Experts are concerned that people's growing dependence on technology for intimacy may lead to less time spent communicating face-to-face and less emphasis on physical contact, both of which are important for maintaining good relationships.

In conclusion, technological advancements have significantly affected the quality of interpersonal connections and the exchange of information. Even though technology has made it simpler to maintain personal relationships, it has chilled interpersonal interactions between people. 

Keeping tabs on how technology is changing our lives and making adjustments as necessary is essential as we move forward. Boundaries and prioritizing in-person conversation and physical touch in close relationships may help reduce the harm it causes.

The Security and Privacy Implications of Increased Technology Use and Data Collection

The fast development of technology over the past few decades has made its way into every aspect of our life. Technology has improved many facets of our life, from communication to commerce. However, significant privacy and security problems have emerged due to the broad adoption of technology. In this essay, we'll look at how the widespread use of technological solutions and the subsequent explosion in collected data affects our right to privacy and security.

Data Mining and Privacy Concerns

Risk of Cyber Attacks and Data Loss

The Widespread Use of Encryption and Other Safety Mechanisms

The Privacy and Security of the Future in a Globalized Information Age

Obtaining and Using Individual Information

The acquisition and use of private information is a significant cause for privacy alarm in the digital age. Data about their customers' online habits, interests, and personal information is a valuable commodity for many internet firms. Besides tailored advertising, this information may be used for other, less desirable things like identity theft or cyber assaults.

Moreover, many individuals need to be made aware of what data is being gathered from them or how it is being utilized because of the lack of transparency around gathering personal information. Privacy and data security have become increasingly contentious as a result.

Data breaches and other forms of cyber-attack pose a severe risk.

The risk of cyber assaults and data breaches is another big issue of worry. More people are using more devices, which means more opportunities for cybercriminals to steal private information like credit card numbers and other identifying data. This may cause monetary damages and harm one's reputation or identity.

Many high-profile data breaches have occurred in recent years, exposing the personal information of millions of individuals and raising serious concerns about the safety of this information. Companies and governments have responded to this problem by adopting new security methods like encryption and multi-factor authentication.

Many businesses now use encryption and other security measures to protect themselves from cybercriminals and data thieves. Encryption keeps sensitive information hidden by encoding it so that only those possessing the corresponding key can decipher it. This prevents private information like bank account numbers or social security numbers from falling into the wrong hands.

Firewalls, virus scanners, and two-factor authentication are all additional security precautions that may be used with encryption. While these safeguards do much to stave against cyber assaults, they are not entirely impregnable, and data breaches are still possible.

The Future of Privacy and Security in a Technologically Advanced World

There's little doubt that concerns about privacy and security will persist even as technology improves. There must be strict safeguards to secure people's private information as more and more of it is transferred and kept digitally. To achieve this goal, it may be necessary to implement novel technologies and heightened levels of protection and to revise the rules and regulations regulating the collection and storage of private information.

Individuals and businesses are understandably concerned about the security and privacy consequences of widespread technological use and data collecting. There are numerous obstacles to overcome in a society where technology plays an increasingly important role, from acquiring and using personal data to the risk of cyber-attacks and data breaches. Companies and governments must keep spending money on security measures and working to educate people about the significance of privacy and security if personal data is to remain safe.

In conclusion, technology has profoundly impacted virtually every aspect of our lives, including society and culture, ethics, work, education, personal relationships, and security and privacy. The rise of artificial intelligence and machine learning has presented new ethical considerations, while automation is transforming the future of work. 

In education, technology has revolutionized the way we learn and access information. At the same time, our dependence on technology has brought new challenges in terms of personal relationships, communication, security, and privacy.

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Davos 2023: Eight ways technology will impact our lives in the future

The next generation will live a very different life to us, thanks to technology. Image:  Pexels/ThisIsEngineering

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Natalie marchant.

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Stay up to date:, tech and innovation.

Listen to the article

• Technology will be a vital tool for creating a cleaner, safer and more inclusive world, but what changes can we expect to see?
• Panelists on the Technology for a More Resilient World session at Davos discussed future trends and developments in tech.
• Be it the metaverse, smart glasses or large language models, the world as we know it may never be quite as we first imagined it.

Technology can be an important tool in the transition to a cleaner, safer and more inclusive world. But what strategic opportunities are there for technology to be an accelerator of progress and how is it likely to affect the next generation?

Leaders gathered on day two of Davos to talk about how technology and platforms will change the world, what tech trends and developments we’re likely to see, and even provide a glimpse into what our grandchildren can expect in future.

The Technology for a More Resilient World session featured Nicholas Thompson, CEO, The Atlantic; Sunil Bharti Mittal, Chairman, Bharti Enterprises; Arvind Krishna, Chairman and CEO, IBM Corporation; Julie Sweet, Chair and CEO, Accenture; and Cristiano Amon, President and CEO, Qualcomm Incorporated.

Here’s a selection of what they had to say:

1. Technology is boosting productivity

Businesses are increasingly looking to digitally transform their operations amid an incredible demand for things to be more intelligent and connected, says Cristiano Amon , President and CEO of Qualcomm Incorporated. “I think technology right now, probably more than ever – especially when we talk about the current economic environment – we see that there is this desire of companies to digitally transform and use technology to become more efficient and more productive,” he said.

2. Glasses will overtake mobile phones

The future of computing will become virtual as computing platforms continue to evolve – just as it evolved from personal computers to mobile phones, says Amon . What we now know as the video call, particularly post-COVID, will soon become a holographic image in front of you seen through smart glasses.

“The technology trend is the merging of physical and digital spaces. I think that’s going to be the next computing platform and eventually, it’s going to be as big as phones. We should think about that happening within the decade,” he adds.

Have you read?

How to follow davos 2023, we are closing the gap between technology and policy, 3. the rise of quantum computing.

Quantum computing won’t replace classical computing but it will begin to solve problems in the physical world - materials, chemistry, encryption and optimization problems - within a few years, according to Arvind Krishna , Chairman and CEO, IBM Corporation. Indeed, quantum computing is already so good you may want to think about it now. “I would strongly urge everybody to invest in quantum-proof decryption now for any data, that you really, really care about,” he advises.

4. 5G will create lots more use cases

5G will create a lot of new use cases including drone management, robotic surgery and autonomous vehicles, says Sunil Bharti Mittal , Chairman, Bharti Enterprises. Industrial applications will particularly benefit due to their larger capacity. “In the meanwhile, people will get used to better connections, higher speeds, and lower latency for their regular devices as well,” he adds, before warning: “It’s going to cost a lot of money.”

5. ChatGPT-like tech will become the norm

Large language models will become a given because they lower the cost of artificial intelligence (AI) by allowing you to have multiple models over one base, giving you a speed advantage, says Krishna . “Beyond language is going to be a given, language because code can be a form of language and then you can go to, ‘what else can be a form of language?’ Legal documents, regulatory work etc,” he adds.

6. Great things will need good data

The recent excitement around ChatGPT has demonstrated the potential of having large amounts of data and the great things you do with it, but it has also highlighted the need for ‘good’ data, says Julie Sweet , Chair and CEO, Accenture. “We love what’s going on right now, with everyone talking about it. Because in many cases people have been doubters about why you need to have really clean data connecting to external data, use these then foundational models on specific use cases – a lot is going to be in digital manufacturing, in agriculture, industrial use cases – and it reminds everyone you have to get the data right.”

7. The metaverse is evolving very quickly

The metaverse is evolving faster than expected because it taps into human need while also creating something new, observes Sweet . “With human need, what we’ve discovered is that when you immerse yourself in an experience together, you learn better and you can also do things better,” she says. “We estimate there will be $1 trillion of revenue influenced by the metaverse by 2025.”

8. We will see a democratization of services

Our grandchildren will live in a very different world thanks to the democratization of products and services that are currently only available to the elite or wealthy, predicts Mittal . “Sitting like this, in the metaverse, you’ll probably have a few million people join from around the world, to experience what we’re experiencing today,” he says. “You’re going to see the benefit of technology really impacting people’s lives on a daily basis, and they will live a very different life to us.”

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Merging The Digital With The Physical: Augmented Reality Technology For Digital Heritage Interpretation

Chen, Daoxin

This thesis explores the role of digital technology in enhancing heritage interpretation, with a particular focus on Augmented Reality (AR) as a tool for engaging the public with architectural heritage. It delves into the AR design processes and the potential of AR to enrich the public's understanding of cultural heritage. Grounded in the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) interpretation principles and the PrEDiC (Presentation, Embodiment, Dialogic interaction, and Cultural learning) framework for digital heritage interpretation, this study proposes a new framework that integrates AR technology with heritage interpretation. The proposed framework will be applied to analyze AR applications at three heritage sites, leading to the development of new design guidelines tailored for AR in cultural heritage settings. This guideline will try to ensure that AR applications effectively meet interpretation needs and that interactions between the public and heritage sites inform the design of AR experiences. The practical application of these guidelines will be illustrated through a design proposal for the Low Memorial Library at Columbia University. This demonstration will highlight how AR can enhance cultural understanding and foster a deeper connection between the public and cultural heritage.

• Historic preservation
• Augmented reality
• Architecture--Conservation and restoration--Technological innovations
• College buildings
• Low Memorial Library
• Columbia University

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Home > Electronic Theses and Dissertations > Theses

In 1949, the Newark College of Engineering granted its first Master’s degrees, two each in Electrical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. To date, NJIT has awarded more than 4,500 Master’s degrees. In addition to the theses from the more than 50 master’s programs, this collection includes theses for the professional degrees awarded prior to the establishment of the Graduate Division and theses for graduates with the designation Degree of Engineer. The library has accepted electronic submissions since 2010 and has been digitizing new theses and dissertations since 2000. We continue to digitize our catalog working backwards and by request.

The Robert W. Van Houten Library provides this service in an effort to make our graduates’ research more widely available.

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Theses from 2023 2023

Investigating the rheological behavior of a simple yield stress fluid under shear flows , Francesco Accetta, August 2023

Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

A computational study of adsorptive desulfurization in metal organic frameworks , Kyle Concha, May 2023

Chemistry and Environmental Science

Assessing neurobehavioral deficits and neuroinflammation following rllb in a transgenic mouse model , Aakaash Gosain, December 2023

Biomedical Engineering

A survey on online matching and ad allocation , Ryan Lee, May 2023

Data Science

Bright light therapy and depression: assessing suitability using entrainment maps , Charles A. Mainwaring, May 2023

Mathematical Sciences

The role of trees in reducing the urban heat island effect on the New Jersey Institute of Technology campus, Newark, NJ , Dahlia Mansour, May 2023

Federated Department of Biological Sciences

The effects of blue light from digital displays on visual fatigue , Victor Taboadela, December 2023

Gen-acceleration: Pioneering work for hardware accelerator generation using large language models , Durga Lakshmi Venkata Deepak Vungarala, December 2023

Electrical and Computer Engineering

The evaluation of carbon benefits produced by urban street trees , Hanyu Wang, May 2023

Characterization of low power HfO2 based switching devices for in-memory computing , Aseel Zeinati, May 2023

Theses from 2022 2022

Design and implementation of photovoltaic energy harvesting automaton , Iskandar Askarov, January 2022

Computer Science

Un-fair trojan: Targeted backdoor attacks against model fairness , Nicholas Furth, May 2022

Quantitative dynamic cellular imaging based on 3d unwrapped optical coherence phase microscopy , ArunKumar Gunasekar, May 2022

Assessing the health effects of climate change, social vulnerability, and environmental justice in Camden County, New Jersey , Daniil Ivanov, December 2022

Student perception on acceptability and usefulness of sit-stand desks in college classrooms , Abiola Kuilan, December 2022

A detailed parameter study into the dermal absorption of chemical warfare agents and the effects of pharmacokinetics , Koko Lear, May 2022

Chemical and Materials Engineering

The interconnection of the vestibular and oculomotor systems analyzed in healthy young adults by examining postural sway , Cassandra Martin, May 2022

Coupled oscillators: protein and acoustics , Angelique N. McFarlane, August 2022

Modeling of quad-station module cluster tools using petri nets , Aung Nay, December 2022

Regulation of activity patterns in astyanax mexicanus cavefish , Udodirim Nwosu, May 2022

Back and shoulder exoskeletons for occupational use: a review , Erkan Ozan, August 2022

Efficient and scalable triangle centrality algorithms in the arkouda framework , Joseph Thomas Patchett, August 2022

A neural analysis-synthesis approach to learning procedural audio models , Danzel Serrano, December 2022

Theses from 2021 2021

Real time analysis of eye movements using computer aided software , Farhan Ahmad, May 2021

Flexible microfluidic device with nonplanar interdigitated microelectrodes , Saud Alssaidy, December 2021

Itraconazole nanocomposites prepared via rotary evaporator drying of nanomilled suspensions , Alexander Santos Coelho, December 2021

Drug releasing hydrogels for opioid use disorder , Kaytlyn M. Crowe, August 2021

Assembly and detection of 3-D QR codes through additive manufacturing and terahertz imaging , Patrick Dunn, May 2021

RM-net: rasterizing Markov signals to images for deep learning , Kajal Gupta, May 2021

Stationary probability distributions of stochastic gradient descent and the success and failure of the diffusion approximation , William Joseph McCann, May 2021

Time series forecasting with applications to finance , Viswapriya Misra, May 2021

Finite element modeling of underwater acoustic environments and domain decomposition methods , General Ozochiawaeze, May 2021

iii-nitride ultraviolet light-emitting diodes: approaches for the enhanced efficiency , Moulik Patel, May 2021

Newark College of Engineering

The effects of design parameters on the neural recordings with micro-ECoG arrays , Manan Amish Sethia, May 2021

Short term temperature forecasting using LSTMS, and CNN , Darshan Shah, May 2021

Stock market prediction using investor sentiment , Sarvesh Shukla, May 2021

Land cover image segmentation based on individual class binary segmentation , Sathyanarayanan Somasunder, May 2021

The role of irak-1 transcripts in sepsis , Adithya Subramanian Sahasranamam, May 2021

Theses from 2020 2020

Deep learning for quantitative motion tracking based on optical coherence tomography , Peter Abdelmalak, May 2020

Privacy-preserving recommendation system using federated learning , Rahul Basu, May 2020

Cold storage work and cold protective gloves – a review , Daena Charles, December 2020

An information theoretic approach to assess perceived audio quality using eeg with reduced number of electrodes , Sansit Das, May 2020

Preparation and characterization of reactive composites combining boron with mixed oxides , Purvam Mehulkumar Gandhi, December 2020

Recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries using organic acids: assessment of technoeconomic feasibility , Leqi Lin, May 2020

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Enhanced removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) via microwave-fenton-reactive membrane filtration , Fangzhou Liu, May 2020

Model-based deep siamese autoencoder for clustering single cell rna-seq data , Zixia Meng, May 2020

Incident duration time prediction using a supervised topic modeling method , Jihyun Park, December 2020

Accelerating transitive closure of large-scale sparse graphs , Sanyamee Milindkumar Patel, December 2020

Treated HfO2 based rram devices with ru, tan, tin as top electrode for in-memory computing hardware , Yuvraj Dineshkumar Patel, December 2020

Team formation using recommendation systems , Shreyas Patil, August 2020

Cycloidal-drive joint design for wearable exoskeletons , Abhi J. Rawal, December 2020

A model for thermal diffusion and local tissue damage from the measurement of temperature in electrosurgical incision , Marek Vira, August 2020

Analysis of gameplay strategies in hearthstone: a data science approach , Connor W. Watson, May 2020

Human activity recognition using wearable sensors: a deep learning approach , Jialun Xue, December 2020

Comparison of longitudinal changes in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging between alzheimer’s and healthy controls , Berk Can Yilmaz, August 2020

Spectral 3d reconstruction based on macroscopic oct imaging , Xingyu Zhou, May 2020

Theses from 2019 2019

Experimentally linking head kinematics to brain deformation , Imouline Algharbi, January 2019

Predictive modeling of influenza in New England using a recurrent deep neural network , Alfred Amendolara, December 2019

Longitudinal investigation of disparity vergence in young adult convergence insufficiency patients , Patrick C. Crincoli, January 2019

Lithium as a possible therapeutic drug in posttraumatic brain injury , Tulika Das, December 2019

Effect of turbostratic orientations and confined fluid on mechanical strength of bi-layer graphene: a molecular dynamics study , Nil B. Dhankecha, January 2019

Tomato puree convective heat transfer simulation using boussinesq approximation , Matteo Fabbri, May 2019

A study of machine learning and deep learning models for solving medical imaging problems , Fadi G. Farhat, May 2019

Dental professionals occupational noise exposure and its auditory and non-auditory effects , Alexis Frees, December 2019

Design and implementation of an automated oil distribution system for a homogenizer machine in gea mechanical equipment – niro soavi , Luca Gandolfi, May 2019

Effect of 3d printed tablet shape on drug release profile , Christina Gedeon, December 2019

Blind source separation using dictionary learning over time-varying channels , Anushreya Ghosh, May 2019

Optical properties of polymers and their applications , Samiha Hossain, January 2019

Mechanics of binder-particle interactions in composite battery electrodes , Richard Johnson, May 2019

A comparative study of russian trolls using several machine learning models on twitter data , Kannan Neten Dharan Kannan Neten Dharan, May 2019

Micro pipes – a portable integrated platform for electrochemical sensing using essence architecture , Hansin Kim, December 2019

Study and modelling of lithium ion cell with accurate soc measurement algorithm using Kalman filter for electric vehicles , Kasthuriramanan Mahendravadi Sivaguru, December 2019

Magnetic field effects on lithium ion batteries , Kevin Mahon, December 2019

Sedentariness, productivity, perception and long term health effects of sit-stand workstation at work: a literature review , Danielle Mengistab, May 2019

Multiframe coded computation for distributed uplink channel decoding , Brinell F. Monteiro, May 2019

Impact of stirrer speed and media type-loading on the breakage kinetics during wet stirred media milling of griseofulvin , Nathaniel Parker, December 2019

Mechanical design automation: a case study on plastic extrusion die tooling , Allen Prasad Varghese, January 2019

Vergence eye movement parameters for pre/post-obvat and sham therapy on binocularly normal controls , Joel V. Rajah, May 2019

Deep morphological neural networks , Yucong Shen, May 2019

The use of electrical resistance tomography to determine the minimum agitation speed for solids suspension in stirred tank reactors , Baran Teoman, May 2019

An electrical matlab model of plasma electrolytic oxidation , Huize Xue, May 2019

Glass transition temperature of particles for drug delivery , Yiqing Yang, May 2019

Assignment of e-commerce orders to fulfillment warehouses , Ahmad Basem Zamka, January 2019

Theses from 2018 2018

Interactions between polymer nanoparticles and blood plasma applied to drug delivery systems , Mark Bannon, December 2018

Improving methods to estimate time of death from body temperature , Carly Berdan, January 2018

Halal certification for an industrial machine intended to come in contact with food , Luca Caffarelli, May 2018

Development of the commodity strategy: the case of sidel , Giuseppe Celiberti, May 2018

Passive planar terahertz retroreflectors , Dhruvkumar Desai, January 2018

Family business: innovation and tradition in a global economy , Francesca Fornasari, May 2018

Hypoxic and viral contributions to the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia: a whole transcriptome analysis , Kathryn A. Gorski, May 2018

Sustaining dockless bike-sharing based on business principles , Neil Horowitz, August 2018

Analysis of 3D printed NDFeB polymer bonded and organic based magnets , Chimaobi Ibeh, December 2018

Intense ultrasonic waves in fluids: nonlinear behaviour , Jitendra Kewalramani, May 2018

Mechanochemical nitration of aromatic compounds , Oleg Shlomo Lagoviyer, May 2018

Knowledge management in new product development (NPD) , Luca Maria Mancinelli, May 2018

Head impacts in the A7FL , Stephen McGeever, May 2018

Icing thickness prediction model for overhead transmission lines , Yue Ming, December 2018

PolyA DB3: a database cataloging polyadenation sites(pas) across different species and their conservation , Ram Mohan Nambiar, December 2018

Modelling of oxygen diffusion in cork , Swapnil Shivputra Rane, May 2018

Detecting and characterizing self hiding behavior in android applications , Raina Samuel, May 2018

Changes in nadph oxidase (nox) protein isoforms and downstream reactions as function of time and overpressure in blast TBI , Smit Prakash Shah, January 2018

Start-up and open innovation , Gonxhe Tali, May 2018

Amorphous metal oxide semiconductor thin film transistors for printed electronics , Mustafa Mohammad Yousef, December 2018

Theses from 2017 2017

Profiling the neurovascular cell interactions in alcohol exposure and HIV-1 infection , Agnieszka Agas, May 2017

Spatial and temporal deformation pattern of the brain from blunt trauma , Abdus Ali, August 2017

Computational and experimental determination of the mixing efficiency of a microfluidic serpentine micromixer , Siril Arockiam, December 2017

Effects of 8 and 12 hour non-rotating shift schedules for security and protective services workers , Zuleyha Aydin, December 2017

Formulation of uv curable resins utilized in vat photo polymerization for the additive manufacturing of gun propulsion charge in 3d printers , David T. Bird, December 2017

Carbon fiber electrodes for in vivo neural recording , Esma Cetinkaya, December 2017

High performance lattice boltzmann method yield-stress calculations based on intravital images of clot formation in live mice , Vishnu Deep Chandran, May 2017

Experimental study of bubble rupture during shock-fluid interaction , Subhalakshmi Chandrasekaran, May 2017

Electrical properties of metal semiconductor contacts - metals on MoS2: a case study , Xiao Chang, December 2017

Multi-population-based differential evolution algorithm for optimization problems , Ishani Chatterjee, May 2017

Denoising techniques reveal neural correlates of modulation masking release in auditory cortex , Sahil Chaubal, January 2017

III-nitride nanowire light-emitting diodes: design and characterization , Dipayan Datta Choudhary, May 2017

Measurement of finger coordination during a motor learning task , Robert Ebel, May 2017

Using a bio-inspired model to understand the evolution of the remora adhesive disk , Kaelyn Mykel Gamel, May 2017

Electrical properties of metal/wse2structures , Zeel Rajiv Gandhi, December 2017

Interaction of voluntary activity and functional electrical stimulation in the upper extremity as a method for short-term alteration of corticospinal excitability and force control , Katherine Maia Gerton, August 2017

Preemptive efficient queueing for scheduling deadline-bound data center flows , VinayKrishna GopalaKrishna, May 2017

Subject and group level changes and comparison in functional connectivity under low vs. high cognitively demanding naturalistic viewing conditions using fmri , Rakibul Hafiz, August 2017

Get a grip: Analysis of muscle activity and perceived comfort in using stylus grips , Evanda Vanease Henry, January 2017

Undersampling GA-SVM for network intrusion detection , Zhenyu He, May 2017

Heat transfer in silicon - experiments and simulation , Chihlin Huang, January 2017

Nanocomposite thermite powders with improved flowability prepared by mechanical milling , Ci Huang, May 2017

Otolith morphologies in the genus sinocyclocheilus , Iqra Iqbal, January 2017

RCA: use and future possibilities , Bushra Marium Islam, May 2017

Thermal swing membrane based method for CO2 capture from flue gas , Mukesh Kumar Kamad, May 2017

Corrosion studies of stainless steel blades , Dhruv S. Kothari, May 2017

Decision tree rule-based feature selection for imbalanced data , Haoyue Liu, May 2017

Eis analysis of shear enhanced microfluidic lab-on-a-chip device , Mehnaz Mursalat, January 2017

Source-channel coding for coordination over a noisy two-node network , Sarah A. Obead, January 2017

Memorizing chromic response to pressure , Maulik Kiritkumar Padh, May 2017

Characteristics of different deep neural networks and application of pre-trained model without transfer learning , Zhiqi Peng, December 2017

Changes in morphology during the development of the horn and hump of the Chinese cavefish sinocyclocheillus furcodorsalis , Michelle Pluviose, January 2017

Looping predictive method to improve accuracy of a machine learning model , Subramanyam Reddy Pogili, December 2017

Electrical, electronic and optical properties of MoSe2 and WSe2 , Sushant Shashikant Rassay, January 2017

Investigation of NH3 and no adsorption over Cu/SAPO-34 and Cu/AlOo3 catalysts for NH3–SCR system , Basil Rawah, May 2017

Novel experimental method for the determination of the minimum agitation speed for solids suspension in flat-bottomed stirred tank reactors , Shriarjun Shastry, January 2017

Real time, integrated, paper based temperature sensor for lab on a chip device , Vignesh Shekhar, January 2017

Field oriented control of permanent magnet synchronous motor with third-harmonic injection pulse width modulation to reduce quadrotors’ speed ripples , Yuxi Shi, May 2017

Smart polymeric temperature sensors – for biological systems , Greenee Anilkumar Sinha, May 2017

Power dissipation and power correlations for a retreatblade impeller under different baffling conditions , Chadakarn Sirasitthichoke, May 2017

Inkjet printing polymerized pcda as a means of serialization , Constantino Stavrou, January 2017

Iterative learning control for improved tracking of fluid percussion injury device , Steve Susanibar, August 2017

Electrical, electronic and optical properties of MoS2 & WS2 , Weitao Tang, January 2017

Numerical simulation for identification of insects using a cw lidar system , Christo Videlov, August 2017

Comparative analysis of the dissolution performance of aspirin tablets in the usp apparatus 2 and in a minivessel dissolution system , Annmarie C. Walker, December 2017

Matrix completion algorithms with applications in biomedicine, e-commerce and social science , Yiran Wang, August 2017

A fuzzy logic-based text classification method for social media , Keyuan Wu, May 2017

Theses from 2016 2016

Semi supervised weighted maximum variance dimensionality reduction , Pranitha Surya Andalam, May 2016

An electromechanical system for characterization of piezoelectric materials , Ahmet Sait Asan, May 2016

Opto-mechanical design of synchrotron radiation-based far-infrared spectroscopic ellipsometer with strong magnetic-field , Ahmad Abbas Chaudhry, January 2016

A computational model for transdermal diffusion of lidocaine and tetracaine topical patches , Qian Dong, May 2016

Infrared imaging - case studies and applications , Shuang Du, May 2016

Data analytics with mapreduce in apache spark and hadoop systems , Zongxuan Du, May 2016

Optimum distance between ground base stations for high-speed train communications using free-space optical laser links , Sina Fathi Kazerooni, May 2016

Diffusivity of drug actives in transdermal drug delivery (TDD) , Natali R. Gendelberg, May 2016

Synthesis of a renewable sourced thermotropic polyester with 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid , Alicia Marie Marguerite Hurst, January 2016

Antibacterial efficacy of nanometals in conjunction with electrical stimulus , Syed A. Hussain, May 2016

Response of stretch-injured schwann cells , Stephanie Iring, May 2016

Dissolution kinetics of model api in molten polymer excipients during batch processing , Shen Ji, May 2016

Effects of human development on aeolian sediment transport rates within an adjacent undeveloped backshore enclave , Kayla L. Kaplan, January 2016

Magnetic augmented rotation system (MARS ) - properties and performance , Ruolei Liu, May 2016

An FPGA implementation of a sleep enabled PON system , Zheyu Liu, January 2016

Computational and experimental determination of the hydrodynamics in a stirred unbaffled vessel provided with angle-mounted axial impellers , Ji Ma, January 2016

Simulation of a low voltage customer microgrid using petri nets , Joshua Mark, May 2016

Thermoelectric properties of silicon-germanium alloys , Aniket Annasaheb Maske, January 2016

Continuum mechanical analysis of space and time dependent deformation pattern of brain with blunt injury , Chen Miao, May 2016

Rodent testing device surrogate for shockwave blast testing , Anthony C. Misistia, January 2016

Investigating neural mechanisms of hand movements in virtual reality , Chuang Mu, January 2016

A preliminary investigation of the sterile-filterability of BCS class II drug nanosuspensions prepared via wet stirred media milling , Parul Ohri, January 2016

A study of kinematics and kinetics in time-constrained arm movements , Oyindamola Owoeye, January 2016

Realization of dynamixel servo plant parameters to improve admittance control for a compliant human-robot interaction , Ahmad Zahid Rao, January 2016

Moths fight back: arms race in the cloud forest , Diana Pamela Rivera, January 2016

Effectiveness of water quality benefits provided by stormwater management facilities/infiltration basin , Vinicius Rodrigues de Mattos Barreto, May 2016

Multisensory integration in weakly electric fish , Andrea Roeser, May 2016

Effect of melt method on thoracolumbar connective tissue , Faria Sanjana, May 2016

Radiative properties of silicon related materials , Scott Sanowitz, May 2016

Shock wave interaction with a fluid filled cylinder experimental methods , Praveen Kumar Baba Siddabattuni, January 2016

Gene network understanding and analysis , Maria E. Somoza, May 2016

Effect of temperature on the fracture behavior of lead-free solder joints , Patrick Thompson, May 2016

Development and analysis of aluminum-PTFE reactive composite material , Siva Kumar Valluri, May 2016

Koh etching of silicon , Ying Wang, May 2016

Comparison of muscle synergies elicited from transcranial meganetic stimulation (tms) and voluntary movements , Yifei Wei, January 2016

Triplex dna receptor-gold nanoparticle conjugates for detection of oxidized dna base , Qingyu Xing, January 2016

Uusing the KDJ as a trading strategy on biotech companies , Shijie Zha, May 2016

Preparation, ignition and combustion of reactive metal-sulfur nanocomposites , Ziyue Zhong, May 2016

Theses from 2015 2015

Rice and mouse quantitative phenotype prediction in genome-wide association studies with support vector regression , Abdulrhman Fahad M. Aljouie, January 2015

Principles and applications of mechanical dry coating - review and state-of-the-art , Sayani Bhaumik, May 2015

Effects of onsite stretching exercise on employee musculoskeletal discomfort and wellbeing , Kellie L. Caldwell, May 2015

Characterizing alma for solar observation , Yi Chai, May 2015

Fates of spilt oil and factors affecting the bio-degradation of oil: a review , Amogh-Ranganath Chakravarthy, January 2015

Computational studies of electronic structure of doped graphene , Yan Chu, May 2015

Combustion dynamics of metal powders in mixed gas flows , Amy Lee Corcoran, January 2015

Assessment of flood protection strategies for combined critical infrastructure failure and hurricane/storm surge events in the Meadowlands area , Nisharg Dipakkumar Dalwadi, January 2015

Modeling of electrical behavior of graphene-based ultracapacitors , Patrick Dzisah, May 2015

Hollow cathode sputtering system - installation, operation and theoretical background , Sebastian Falk, May 2015

The kinetics of drug dissolution in polymers during hot-melt extrusion , Huayang Fang, May 2015

Design, construction and characterization of a wind tunnel , Chang Ge, May 2015

Fem of electrospinning compared to inkjet printing model , Maikel Ghaly, January 2015

Structural health monitoring of bridges using wireless sensor networks , Seyed Behrad Ghazi Sharyatpanahi, May 2015

Exact genome alignment , Nandini Ghosh, May 2015

The role of electronsensory signals on the locomotor performance of the weakly electric fish apteronotus albifrons , Oswaldo Gil-Guevara, August 2015

College of Science and Liberal Arts

Development of a finite element method for light activated polymers , Craig Hamel, May 2015

An electrospinning apparatus for the production of heterogeneous scaffolds and their application in cartilage regeneration , Andrew Ryan Hollingsworth, January 2015

An extended duration operation for solid hollow fiber cooling crystallization method , Chi Jin, May 2015

Effect of endplate on the blast wave profile in a compressed gas shock tube , Sudeepto Kahali, August 2015

Simulation of electronic and optical properties of graphene , Biao Leng, May 2015

Visualeyes 2020: a software suite to integrate instrumentation to study the near triad of vergence , Stephen J. Lestrange, January 2015

Design, construction and characterization OFA magnetic augmented rotation system (MARS) based wind turbine , Da Li, May 2015

Petri net models of microgrids with distributed generators , Xiaoyu Lu, January 2015

Differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into insulin-producing cells: optimization to enhance the overall differentiation efficiency , Xiaotang Ma, May 2015

Communication risk and strategy in temporary organizations , Shelley R. McIvor, May 2015

Thermal properties of graphene , Vishal Vijay Nakhate, May 2015

Tendon reflex protocol for exploring the mechanisms associated with whole body vibration , Ikechukwu Okeke, May 2015

Behavior of deformed dermal fibroblasts seeded on a silicon membrane under high levels of strain , Laura Osorno, May 2015

Computer aided analysis of skin lesions , Sukanya Panja, January 2015

Review of steganalysis of digital images , Xinlei Pan, May 2015

Cancer risk prediction with next generation sequencing data using machine learning , Nihir Patel, January 2015

Processing and characterization of graphene and graphene on silicon , Cheng Peng, May 2015

Unsupervised gene regulatory network inference on microarray data , Nidhi Radia, May 2015

Modeling the controlled delivery power grid , Vinit Madhukar Sahasrabudhe, August 2015

An embedded system supporting dynamic partial reconfiguration of hardware resources for morphological image processing , Gyana Ranjan Sahu, January 2015

Optical properties of black silicon - an analysis , Suramya Sekhri, May 2015

Experimental determination of the agitation requirements for solids suspension in dissolution systems using a mini paddle apparatus , Yang Song, May 2015

Effect of impeller submergence on power dissipation and solids suspension in mixing systems equipped with pitch-blade turbines , Yufeng Song, May 2015

Experimental determination of solids suspension with angled impeller in a pharmaceutical mixing vessel , Yingxi Tang, May 2015

Ultracapacitors for off grid wind power systems , Hans Tanis, May 2015

Identifying modifier genes in SMA model mice , Weiting Xu, May 2015

Bio-medicinal application for plasma electrolytic oxidation of metals , Zunjian Yang, May 2015

Theses from 2014 2014

Using latent semantic analysis to detect non-cognitive variables of academic performance , Daniel Richard Aalderks, January 2014

Using the piezoelectric backscatter signal for remote sensing of neural signals , Eren Alay, January 2014

Optimizing alginate-chitosan microcapsules using co-axial air flow method as 3d stem cell microenvironment , Noel Alfonso, May 2014

Influence of lateral boundaries in tapped densification of granular materials , Nathaniel Ching, January 2014

The winds of change: the political ecology of renewable energy transition in Vermont , Jill McNulty Clegg, January 2014

Public private partnership in transit projects , Rashmita DasChaudhuri, January 2014

Approach to flood mitigation - a post sandy study in New Jersey Meadowlands area , Banshari Datta, May 2014

Differentiating schizophrenic patients from healthy control; application of machine learning to resting state fmri , Hossein Ebrahimi Nezhad, January 2014

Translation and transcription are required for endogenous bursting after long term removal of neuromodulators , Stefanie Eisenbach, August 2014

Hydrodynamic CFD modeling of a pharmaceutical reactor vessel provided with a retreat-blade impeller under different baffling conditions , Christopher G. Foehner, May 2014

Innovations in state-level solar energy policy : motivating community investment in resiliency , Sarah Katheryn Gentile, January 2014

Risk prediction with genomic data , Bharati Jadhav, May 2014

Thermochemical properties of c3 to c5 unsaturated carbonyl alkenes: enthalpies of formation, entropy, heat capacity, bond enthalpy , Ruiqi Jian, January 2014

The photophysics properties of lanthanide luminescent probes , Ke Li, August 2014

Effect of temperature on tunneling and quantum efficiency in cigs solar cells , Sizhan Liu, January 2014

Preparation and characterization of fast dissolving pullulan films containing griseofulvin nanoparticles for bioavailability enhancement , Zhelun Ma, August 2014

Evaluation of methods to account for release from nanofiber scaffolds , Jennifer Moy, May 2014

Mapping ms-ptc programmatic core competencies to emerging professionalization standards: are our students fully prepared? , Faye Newsham, January 2014

Mems approaches in infrared imaging , George Papavieros, January 2014

Analysis of transport properties in a zaz graphene nanoribbon junction using various dopants , Natasha Parikh, January 2014

Mathematically modeling the mechanical constants of thoracolumbar fascia under compression, in vivo , Vrajeshri Patel, January 2014

Formation of branching angles at bifurcations of ant trail networks , Subash Kusum Ray, August 2014

The effect of vergence vision training on binocularly normal subjects , Henry Talasan, May 2014

Developing a labview based thermally stimulated current (tsc) controller to measure residual charge in electrospinning , Jai Abhishekh Veezhinathan, January 2014

Gaussian beam scattering from a deterministic rough metal surface , Qi Wang, August 2014

Combustion of fine magnesium particles , Song Wang, May 2014

Short term modification of vergence ramp eye movements in the convergent direction , Chang Yaramothu, May 2014

Assessment of a marine polysaccharide for use as excipient in pharmaceutical hot-melt extrusion , Qing Ye, May 2014

Model predictive control of timed continuous petri nets , Huaiyu Zhan, January 2014

Dispersion and dissolution kinetics of API particles in pharmaceutical hot melt extrusion , Wang Zhan, May 2014

Experimental determination of the mixing requirements for solid suspension in pharmaceutical stirred tank reactors , Anqi Zhou, May 2014

Comparison of different differential expression analysis tools for rna-seq data , Junfei Zhu, January 2014

Theses from 2013 2013

Power dissipation and mixing time in a partially filled pharmaceutical reactor equipped with a retreat-blade impeller at different fill ratios , Aniruddha Banerjee, May 2013

Role of materials & design on performance of baseball bats , Kim Benson-Worth, May 2013

Quantification of human motion on roller coaster rides , Chirag Burman, January 2013

Admittance control of the intelligent assist robot manipulator for people with duchenne muscular dystrophy , Madeline Corrigan, May 2013

Model predictive control for building temperature regulation , Weiqiang Dong, May 2013

Deer impact and plant resistance traits , Xueyang Fan, May 2013

Online resources for technical communication in writing across the curriculum at technological universities - a case study , Deborah A. Hulse-Miksiewicz, May 2013

Safety performance comparison between light rail transit and subway , Nehemie Jasmin, January 2013

Research on MPPT methods for photovoltaic system based on microgrid , Jingchu Ji, May 2013

Engineering spores to display g protein-coupled receptors for directed evolution , Alyssa Misoo Kim, May 2013

Study of poly (l-lactic acid)/poly (d-lactic acid) stereocomplex as nucleating agent for poly (l- lactic acid) crystallization , Yuan Lao, May 2013

Current measurements in electrospinning , Clinton K. Lien, May 2013

Effects of API particle size on the dissolution rate in molten polymer excipient matrices during hot melt extrusion, conducted in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder , Meng Li, May 2013

Polyaseeker: a computational framework for identifying polyadenylation cleavage site from RNA-seq , Xiao Ling, May 2013

Validation of solar flare forecasting & evolution of magnetic helicity of two active regions , Qin Li, May 2013

Hydrodynamic effects of a cannula in a USP dissolution testing apparatus 2 , Qianqian Liu, May 2013

Performance comparison of five RNA-seq alignment tools , Yuanpeng Lu, May 2013

Brain computer interface based neurorehabilitation technique using a commercially available EEG headset , Abhineet Mishra, May 2013

RNA-sequence analysis of human melanoma cells , Jharna Miya, May 2013

NIR light transmission through skin and muscle , Deniz Ozgulbas, May 2013

Effect of scan time on resting state parameters , Dhruti Patel, May 2013

QSAR modeling of chemical penetration enhancers using novel replacement algorithms , Hui Qiu, May 2013

Dissolution of different commercial aspirin tablets using a novel off-center paddle impeller (OPI) dissolution testing system , Yang Qu, May 2013

A GPU program to compute SNP-SNP interactions in genome-wide association studies , Srividya Ramakrishnan, May 2013

New economy : assessment of the institutionalization of an emerging paradigm and academic field through inquiry into prominent boundary organizations , Jeanine Cava Rodgers, January 2013

Solar eclipse observation on may 21, 2012 from JVLA , Shaheda Begum Shaik, August 2013

Fuzzy logic for task space telemanipulation of a five fingered robotic hand , Raaghavann Srinivasan, January 2013

Effect of tablet compression on the dissolution of aspirin tablets using a novel off-center paddle impeller (opi) dissolution testing system , Chuan Sun, May 2013

Genome wide search for pseudo knotted non-coding RNAs , Meghana S. Vasavada, May 2013

Production of stable bcs class ii drug suspensions by melt emulsification and subsequent incorporation into polymer strip films , Emanuel Joseph Vizzotti, May 2013

Hollow fiber membrane-based air gap membrane distillation , Xuan Wang, May 2013

Measurement of gas flow through porous structures using thz spectroscopy , Yihui Wang, May 2013

Batch foaming of hot melt extruded excipient/disintegrant/API pharmaceutical formulations and the study of the effects of the resulting cellular structures on API dissolution , Na Yao, May 2013

Heterogeneous combustion of condensed particles in transition regime , Deniz Yildiz, May 2013

Finite element modeling of temperature elevation due to NIR exposure in neural tissue , Atabek Can Yucel, May 2013

Diffuse axonal injury effect on myelinating cells and axons , Jennifer Alison Zalk, January 2013

Detection of video frame insertion based on constraint of human visual perception , Lu Zheng, May 2013

Methane partial oxidation over phthalocyanine catalyst , Yuan Zhu, May 2013

Theses from 2012 2012

Ergonomic evaluation of shoulder muscle activation during light weight hand tool exertion task , Gul Ahmed, August 2012

Combustion dynamics of individual reactive material particles , Carlo Francisco Badiola, January 2012

Analysis of tissue engineering strategies for bone-related applications , Timothy Buirkle, May 2012

The mechanical testing of single nanofiber , Pratik Manohar Dahule, January 2012

Temperature elevations due to NIR exposure in the brain tissue , Ali Ersen, January 2012

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, characteristics, magnetic behavior, and biomedical applications , Chengyin Fu, May 2012

Alendronate treatment elicits a reduction in fatigue-life of canine cortical bone , Joseph Ryan Geissler, January 2012

The effects of theophylline on the in vitro respiratory response to hypoxia , Ke Geng, May 2012

Neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and applications to micropatterned agarose hydrogel for nerve guidance , Jamila S. Gittens, January 2012

Theoretical prediction of joint reaction force in a dynamic general 3-d pendulum tree model for human or animal motion , Sucheta Goyal, January 2012

Dynamic friction: measurement and results , Yanal Jij, January 2012

High-performance matrix multiplication on Intel and FGPA platforms , Gang Li, May 2012

Moxon based RFID tag reader and GPS antenna , Haojiong Liu, May 2012

Magnetic targeted drug delivery system in gene therapy , Weilong Lu, May 2012

Hydrogen storage in pt/carbon nanotube sheets , An-Yu Ma, January 2012

Development of gis database for hayward fault , Olugbope Maku, January 2012

Single-carrier frequency domain equalization using subband decomposition for optical wireless communications , Di Mu, January 2012

Alterations in brain connectivity after spinal cord injury using functional MRI , Yamin Ahmed Noor, May 2012

Analysis and mitigation of carrier frequency offset for uplink of OFDMA , Abhishek R. Panchal, January 2012

Experimental evaluation of near infrared light penetration into neural tissue , Ujwal Anil Parikh, May 2012

Quantifying prehension in persons with stroke post rehabilitation , Saumya Sara Puthenveettil, May 2012

Preparation of different polyamide nanofiltration membranes by interfacial polymerization and the effect of post-polymerization treatment on separation performance , Yu Qin, January 2012

Development of 3-d liver model for drug screening applications , Divya Rajendran, January 2012

Data mining of tetraloop-tetraloop receptors in RNA XML files , Sinan Ramazanoglu, May 2012

Phenotype prediction and feature selection in genome-wide association studies , Andrew Roberts, May 2012

Challenges of permitting ballast water discharges from commercial vessels in U.S. waters , Paul Rodriguez, August 2012

NeuralSTA: a software tool for neural stimulation and recording applications with a laser control , Rimi Sahu, January 2012

A comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for genome wide association studies , Neha Singh, May 2012

Utilization of a tropospheric-stratospheric lidar system to study mountain induced gravity waves over jenny jump state forest , Anthony Teti, August 2012

Soy protein-poly (l-lactic acid) blend nanofibers for drug delivery of nardostachys jatamansi , Swetha Tiwari, January 2012

Heterogeneity-aware and energy-aware scheduling and routing in wireless sensor networks , Mahesh Kumar Vasanthu Somashekar, May 2012

An examination of coordination among friends and strangers from a coordination theory perspective , Christopher D. Wamble, January 2012

Informatics

Three-dimensional magnetic field sensor in IBM 0.18μm CMOS technology , Gang Wang, May 2012

Design and synthesis studies of new s-adenosyl-l-methionine analogues , Shanshan Wu, May 2012

The functional effects of barium and hypoxia on the in vitro respiratory activity , Gaofeng Xu, May 2012

Reducing the risk of software cost estimation , Shixian Yang, May 2012

fMRI assessment of ischemic stroke in humans , Rui Yuan, May 2012

GPU implementation of block transforms , Boyan Zhang, August 2012

Non-destructive evaluation of agglomerated cork products using THz spectroscopy and imaging , Han Zhang, January 2012

Simulation of polymer solar cell characteristics by amps-1d , Lu Zhang, May 2012

Hydrodynamic effects of an arch-shaped fiber optic probe in a dissolution testing apparatus 2 , Yiran Zhang, May 2012

Theses from 2011 2011

Dissolution testing of prednisone and salicylic acid calibrator tablets at different tablet locations , Anandhavalavan Arulmozhi, May 2011

Non-invasive interventions top reduce low back dysfunction , Nadi Atalla, January 2011

Development of a centrifugal microfluidic device for separation and sorting in biological fluids , Gaurav Sunil Bagwe, January 2011

Neurorehabilitation of the hand using the cybergrasp[TM] and mirror image , Amy Frances Boos, January 2011

Thermochemistry and bond energies of acetohydrazide, amides and cyclic alkyl ethers , Sumit Charaya, May 2011

Development of a vibration-powered impact recorder , William Contreras, August 2011

Energy scavenging system for indoor wireless sensor network , David Andrew Crea, January 2011

The effect of dynamic standing on the bone mineral density of non-ambulatory children: a pilot study , Megan Diane Damcott, May 2011

Tilt simulation : virtual reality based upper extremity stroke rehabilitation , Harish Damodaran, January 2011

Design and fabrication of a tapped densification apparatus for bulk solids , Joshua H. De Jong, January 2011

Study of controlled release of dapsone from modified montmorillonite and polymer matrices , Jia Fan, January 2011

Synthesis towards synthetic adenosine receptor , Rajni Gupta, May 2011

Biomechanical analysis of asymmetric and dynamic lifting task , Xiaopeng Jiang, May 2011

EMG-based determination of upper extremity virtual trajectory , Akshata Anand Korgaonkar, January 2011

Digital image forensics , Fei Long, May 2011

Aminormotiffinder - a graph grammar based tool to effectively search a minor motifs in 3D RNA molecules , Ankur Malhotra, January 2011

g-factors for ternary crystals of groups iii and v , Liviu Mateescu, May 2011

Dynamic-parinet (D-parinet) : indexing present and future trajectories in networks , Mou Nandi, May 2011

Motor planning for reach memorization task in 3D space , Atul Narkhede, January 2011

Dissolution of disintegrating solid dosage forms in a modified dissolution testing apparatus 2 , Shrutiben Rameshbhai Parekh, May 2011

Fast program for sequence alignment using partition function posterior probabilities , Meera Prasad, May 2011

Effects of hypertension and aging on vascular smooth muscle cell contribution to reconstituted aortic tissue stiffness , Nancy Lisa Sehgel, January 2011

Ranking single nucleotide polymorphisms with support vector regression in continuous phenotypes , Seif Shahidain, May 2011

Use of fluorescent micropsheres to measure coronary flow reserve in rat animal model , Riddhi Harsh Shah, August 2011

A microfluidic culture for two populations of dorsal root ganglia for differential staining , Ishnoor Sidhu, May 2011

Thermochemical properties, bond energies and internal rotor potentials in methyl ethyl sulfide and oxygenated sulfur hydrocarbons intermediates for modeling its combustion and atmospheric chemistry , Guanghui Song, May 2011

Design and evaluation of an adaptable vector coprocessor for multicores , Timothy William Steele, May 2011

Transdermal and transbuccal delivery of lidocaine and nicotine : combined effects of iontophoresis and chemical enhancers , Ran Wei, May 2011

Modeling next generation air traffic control system with petri net , Hang Wu, January 2011

Orthogonal space time coding for IM/DD optical wireless communication with single carrier frequency domain equalization , Nan Wu, August 2011

Influence of rear wheel tire type on wheelchair propulsion biomechanics , Mathew Yarossi, August 2011

Investigation of the potential catalytic activities of several metal organic framework (MOF) materials , Guangyu Zhang, May 2011

Theses from 2010 2010

Web-based portfolio assessment : An open source solution for platform design , Regina Collins, May 2010

Type-1 diabetes risk prediction using multiple kernel learning , Paras Garg, May 2010

Comparison between different techniques of preprocessing for resting state fMRI analysis , Megha Girdhar, May 2010

In silico prediction of non-coding RNAs using supervised learning and feature ranking methods , Stephen J. Griesmer, January 2010

Axon guided axon growth in DRG neurons from the spinal cord of rat embryos , Neha Jain, May 2010

Effectiveness of safety training , Mayeanna Kamara, May 2010

Motor data scaling by respiration frequencies in rest , Amit Madhukar Kamble, August 2010

Design of drug delivery strategies based on well-stirred experiments , Kumud Kanneganti, May 2010

The effect of handle characteristics of a hammer stapler on biomechanical and physiological response , Wayne Latta, May 2010

Interfacially polymerized thin film composite membranes on microporous polypropylene supports for reverse osmosis desalination , Chao Li, May 2010

Power flow in railway electrification power system , Sisi Li, May 2010

Social group discovery using using co-location traces , Steve Mardenfeld, January 2010

A FPGA/DSP design for real-time fracture detection using low transient pulse , Akash Mathur, January 2010

Sparse representation for audio noise removal using zero-zone quantizers , Neha Mittal, January 2010

Stiffness of vascular smooth muscle cells from aged primates measured using reconstituted tissue model , Shilpa Nagendra, January 2010

A study of probability distributions of DCT coefficients in JPEG compression , Gopal Thirumalai Narayanan, May 2010

A comparison of software engines for simulation of closed-loop control systems , Sanket D. Nikam, May 2010

Development of pharmacophore and comfa study of rigid and flexible sigma 2 receptor ligands , Hemantbhai Patel, January 2010

Study of methods to predict voltage collapse , Niki Patel, May 2010

Exploiting the concept of hysteresis in ankle dysfunction and ankle strengthening , Akshay Narendra Pujara, May 2010

Air piston approach to wave power generation , Arun Ramadass, May 2010

A comparative analysis of haptic and EEG devices for evaluation and training of post-stroke patients within a virtual environment , Gregory Nicholas Ranky, January 2010

A FPGA/DSP based ultrasound system for tumor detection , Ashish Ravindra Ratnakar, May 2010

Stochastic and deterministic dynamics investigation of the microstructure of granular materials , Vishagan Ratnaswamy, May 2010

PAPR reduction in OFDM communications with generalized discrete Fourier transform , Sertac Sayin, May 2010

A haptic control system for functional electrical stimulation of paraplegic legs , Mark R. Shaker, August 2010

Automation of anatomic torsion monitor for evaluation and improvement of low back dysfunction , Vishal Kumar Singh, May 2010

Synoptic variability of a CIR-driven open-closed boundary during solar minimum , Kevin Urban, August 2010

Development of a device for whole body stimulation of the otoliths , Jon Edward Weimer, January 2010

Minimum agitation speed for solid suspension and mixing time in a torispherical -bottomed pharmaceutical stirred tank under different baffling conditions , Dilanji Bhagya Wijayasekara, May 2010

Theses from 2009 2009

Preparation of nanovehicles for targeted drug delivery , Anagha Avinash Bhakay, January 2009

In vitro comparison of a new stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody cage device with established fixation techniques , Nitin Chawla, May 2009

Experimental investigation of mixing time in a stirred, torispherical-bottomed tank equipped with a retreat-blade impeller , Nonjaros Chomcharn, May 2009

Sustainable site remediation : a life cycle assessment approach , Harnoor Dhaliwal, January 2009

Reliability of resting brain networks using FMRI , Suril Rajeshkumar Gohel, May 2009

An in vitro study to characterize a new automated high throughput neuronal stretch injury system , Nicolae Valerian Hususan, May 2009

Aptamer-based nano-scale dielectric sensor for protein detection , Teena James, January 2009

Game engine architecture : A comprehensive view , Donald Kehoe, August 2009

Nano-structured platforms as a spectroscopic tool , Ruiqiong Li, January 2009

Deciphering the biology of axon stretch-growth , Joseph R. Loverde, January 2009

Development of a toolbox for the kinematic evaluation of hands-up video games , Brooke Marie Odle, August 2009

Study and development of ultrasound monitoring of skeletal defects , Kavil Patel, January 2009

Evaluation of medical alarm sounds , Elizbha Philip, January 2009

Road-based proactive routing protocols for vehicular networks , Neeraj Mahadevrao Rajgure, January 2009

Finger walking control of a two-dimensional walking model through inverse kinematics , Jordan Ratcliff, January 2009

Assessing trainer hand forces for manual body weight supported walking , Manish Raval, January 2009

Dual parametric sensors for highly sensitive nucleic acid detection , Manu Sebastian Mannoor, January 2009

Development of an experimental system to determine the contribution of titin and collagen to passive stiffness of myocardium , Saurin Bharat Shah, May 2009

RNA secondary structure detection programs with an emphasis on covariance models , Justin Slotman, January 2009

Thermochemistry and bond energies of nitro -alkanes, -alkenes, -carbonyls and corresponding nitrites , Surawee Snitsiriwat, January 2009

Water purification in Haiti : An engineers without borders project , Melissa Valoura, August 2009

Non-foster matching of an RFID antenna , Nedime Pelin Yalcin, August 2009

Mixing performance of a novel, continuous confined impinging jets mixer using competitive reactions , Han Zheng, May 2009

Theses from 2008 2008

Altered brain activity in autistic children versus healthy controls while performing simple tasks using fMRI , Donald Martin Adams Jr., May 2008

Mixing of nanoparticles in a stirred tank in high pressure carbon dioxide , Nitin Aggarwal, January 2008

Design and fabrication of a microneedle for the implantation of floating microstimulators , Faysal Ahmed, August 2008

Cortical location of saccadic and vergence oculomotor learning using fMRI , Yelda Alkan, January 2008

Kerberos phone secure messenger , Nabeel Al-Saber, January 2008

Design of three-dimensional axon stretch growth device , Fayekah Assanah, January 2008

Thermal and morphological analysis of collagen-plla electrospun blends , Angana Banerjee, May 2008

Ignition of metal powder by electrostatic discharge stimulation , Ervin Beloni, January 2008

Long driving hours and health of truck drivers , Stephen J. Benstowe, January 2008

Pattern recognition of brain fMRI images for various physiological states , Priyanka Bhatt, January 2008

RNA genome annotation with a focus on T. brucei , Brett Bucci, January 2008

Fracture healing : the effects of local insulin delivery via calcium sulfate and tricalcium phosphate , Sarah Elizabeth Buchala, January 2008

Dexamethasone- and age-sensitive genes in neonatal small intestine , Carla Cerqueira, January 2008

Automated multi-well neural injury device , Linda Y. Chen, May 2008

Raman scattering in free standing porous Si films , Thenappan Chidambaram, May 2008

Multi well uni-axial stretch injury device , Mridusmita Choudhury, January 2008

Portable housing for Mexican migrant workers , Janet Corzo, January 2008

New Jersey School of Architecture

DEM simulated radial and axial pressure in a cylindrical granular column , Meng Cui, August 2008

A two dimensional model of magnetic field assisted assembly , Gaurev Devrani, August 2008

Creating new visualization and human interface devices for theraputic video games , Kunal Jayant Doshi, January 2008

Synthesis of corn-derived carbohydrate derivatives as effective multifunctional sunscreen , Xianhong Feng, May 2008

Comparison of linear parametric models for predicting fMRI response , Parina Gandhi, January 2008

Surface recordings of evoked field potentials from the cerebellum with a flexmea microelectrode array , Jonathan David Groth, May 2008

Brain segmentation using endogenous contrast mechanism using breath holding fMRI signal for tissue characterization , Samata Mukesh Kakkad, January 2008

Classification of hand held shapes and locations in continuous signing , Swetha Karri, August 2008

The use of instrumented measures to describe lower extremity joint mechanics , Steven Thomas Kaufman, January 2008

Precipitation of ultrafine particles using liquid antisolvent with concentric ultrasonic nozzle and subcritical CO2 , Satya Chaitanya Kunchala, August 2008

Derivation of the respiratory rate signal from a single lead ECG , Murtaza M. Lakdawala, May 2008

A virtual training environment for wheelchair mounted robot , Elizabeth Leichtnam, May 2008

The making and meaning of gay space : the case of the Castro in San Francisco , Scott Richard Lesher, January 2008

Experimental investigation of the fluid velocity distribution in stirred tank reactors equipped with retreat-blade impellers using laser doppler velocimetry , Deepak Rajesh Madhrani, May 2008

Synthesis and analysis of carbon nanowalls and their raman spectroscopy , Amit Mahajan, May 2008

The synergistic effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields and demineralized bone matrix on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells , John Manocchio, May 2008

A comparative study of common crosslinking agents for electrospun collagen scaffolds , Pallavi Masih, May 2008

Design and construction of a novel transpalpebral ophthalmic tonometer , Philippe R. Moinot, May 2008

Interactions between adult human mesenchymal stem cells and nanofibrous scaffolds of different compositions , Lisamarie Moore, May 2008

Developing a virtual city for emergency preparedness planning and training , Jon K. Morgan, August 2008

UTR prediction programs for trypanosoma brucei , Maria Moutafis, January 2008

A stereoscopic system using knowledge propagation to achieve accurate depth calculation , Chaitali Mulay, January 2008

Mapping inter-subject and inter-regional brain connectivity during free viewing of novel natural scenes , Sheela Nagaraj, January 2008

Process-structure-property relationships of resorbable desamino tyrosine derived polymers : effect of backbone chemistry and assembly on drug delivery , Pinar Nebol, May 2008

Penetration force measurements in the central nervous system with silicon electrodes , Ashwini Arun Nikam, January 2008

Finger joint impedance control applications to investigate spasticity , David Naisby Paglia, January 2008

Experimental investigation of the effect of sonication on the precipitation of grieseofluvin by impinging jets , Ankit H. Patel, August 2008

Structure and thermochemistry of disulfide-oxygen species , Shyamala Pravin Pillai, January 2008

Design of gait rehabilitation system , Andriy Pletenetskyy, January 2008

Retransmission strategies for moving networks over ricean fading channels , Alex Ruiz Lee, January 2008

Proactive methods for measurement of available bandwidth and link capacity , Khondaker Musfakus Salehin, January 2008

Using wavelet and template analysis to classify hand postures in unsupervised daily activities , Soha Hassan Saleh, January 2008

Magnetically assisted impaction mixing of nanosize particles , James V. Scicolone, January 2008

Photoplethysmorgraph-derived respiration , Priyanka Pankaj Shah, August 2008

Phase transfer in a collision between a droplet and solid spheres , Zheng Shen, January 2008

Ultra-fine particle formation using principle of rapid expansion of supercritical solutions` , Miraj Minesh Sheth, January 2008

Mutational studies in the dNTP binding pocket of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase , Smita Shukla, May 2008

The extraction of type 1 collagen and the fabrication of multi-filament embedded hydrogels for guided nerve regeneration , Mevan Lakmal Siriwardane, January 2008

Fully dense aluminum-rich aluminum copper oxide powders for energetic formulations , Demitrios Stamatis, January 2008

Biomechanical testing of upright range of motion versus overhead supine range of motion , Linda Uko, August 2008

Development of pharmacophore and CoMFA studies for sigma2 receptor ligands , Laura Ann Wirpsza, August 2008

Two factor authentication and authorization in ubiquitous mobile computing , Qing Zhu, January 2008

Theses from 2007 2007

In vitro feasibility testing of floating light-activated minroelectrical stimulators , Ammar Riad Abdo, May 2007

Solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide , Syed Asif Abdullah, January 2007

Numerical analysis of the operation of a water cannon , Teymuraz G. Bitadze, January 2007

Determining continual improvement process methods within quality management systems , Diane M. Bové, January 2007

Channel-predictive link layer ARQ protocols in wireless networks , Huseyin Dogukan Cavdar, January 2007

Non-repudiation secure file transfer protocol (NRSFTP) , Jerry Chen, January 2007

Learning environments : redefining the discourse on school architecture , Alessandro DeGregori, January 2007

A dynamic supine stander for subjects with disabilities leading to prolonged immobility , Luis Alberto Espina, January 2007

Functionalization of nanoclays through exchange reactions , Jin Uk Ha, January 2007

Adaptable videogame platform for interactive upper extremity rehabilitation , Sally M. Jensen, May 2007

A kinematic analysis of sign language , Chemuttaai C. Koech, January 2007

Automatic registration and segmentation of abdominal images and detection of pancreatic cancer , Girish Kumar Maniprasad, May 2007

Burmester curve and numerical motion generation of Grashof mechanisms with perimeter and transmission angle optimization in MathCAD , Peter J. Martin, January 2007

Development and evaluation of a simultaneous multithreading processor simulator , Carla Verena S. Nunez, May 2007

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Researcher creates mathematical models to advance smart polymer materials

G uido Kusters created mathematical models to aid in the development of smart polymers, and he defended his Ph.D. thesis cum laude at the Eindhoven University of Technology Department of Applied Physics and Science Education on May 29.

"It's very likely you've already used one or more smart polymers today," Kusters says.

"Like hair gel. That's soft and malleable when you squeeze it out of the tube, but once it's in your hair it gets hard so your haircut will remain firmly in place for the rest of the day. These materials are fundamentally soft, which is familiar from things like elastic bands, toothpaste, and any plastic packaging."

Kusters explains soft materials often have an unambiguous function. Plastic packaging, for example, separates the product from its surroundings. But it's exactly the ease with which these materials can change shape that makes them very suitable for more complex functions in which they, for instance, need to adapt to changes in the environment.

Then these materials are called soft responsive materials, says Kusters, and this is what he spent the past four years extensively researching.

Accessible method

Instead of spending hours in the lab, Kusters mainly worked on his laptop. He had a clear mission: he wanted to make the development of smart polymers more efficient using mathematical models. But doesn't carrying out experiments teach us more?

"If it were that easy doing it in a lab, we would," Kusters emphasizes. "We're often dealing with very precious materials and lengthy tests. You can't try something out quickly. Especially when it comes to the optimization of smart polymers, a calculation model will provide a more rapid indication of the way in which a material can be improved."

He's not the first to try and fit smart polymers into a model, says Kusters. And yet, his approach is unique, partly because his project is part of a large research consortium—Soft Advanced Materials. This involves multiple universities and research institutes working together, also with several industrial partners.

"In earlier models, much more complex mechanisms were used, in a numerical way. That makes it very precise but does require having a new complicated calculation carried out every time. Our new modeling method is much more accessible, as well as generically applicable. Which means it's also easier to use in industry."

Fertilizer granule

Kusters reaches for a little bag that's lying on his desk, right next to his voluminous dissertation.

"It's one thing to make a model, but I also wanted to show that this model can be used for a great many smart polymers. From relatively simple polymer materials to more biological structures. I really researched a wide spectrum."

Kusters has opened the bag and takes out a few small granules. "Collaboration partner Corbion produces this urea granules, which are used in largescale agriculture. Normally, nutrients are released at the same time, but a gradual release would be much more desirable for plants and the environment. This can be achieved by coating the granules in a smart polymer."

The idea sounds simple, he says. "In a damp environment, the polymer layer will expand, making it porous. This allows the nutrients to dissolve into the water and be released. But the big challenge is to adapt the release profile of those polymer layers to the needs of the crops. And for this, we need to have a better understanding of the behavior of the polymer coating."

Kusters' model provided the required insights. "A fertilizer granule must keep releasing nutrients for the entire plant cycle, which is six months at the very least. This means practical experiments are very time-consuming. We've analyzed which mechanisms are important for the release. The thickness of the coating, how the water flows through the passages, how crystalline the polymer we're using is. My model allows you to modify the polymer coating and immediately see how the release will change."

Curvy brains

Kusters put lots more in his model than just the urea granule. "I got inspired by the smart polymers that are being developed in the CEC research group Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, such as the vibrating coating that can independently clean solar cells—or possibly even a Mars rover. What mechanism is behind this exactly? And how can we pre-program certain movements?"

He spent four years at Harvard to help contribute to the creation of a new material, based on biological tissues. Or the miniature brains, a project that he first met through the connections he established during his master's internship at the University of Oxford.

"The edges of an artificial mini brain on a chip get wrinklier as time passes. Those wrinkles are crucial to the proper functioning of our curvy brains. A genetic disorder—lissencephaly, which literally means 'smooth brains'—can reduce the wrinkling, which may lead to mental impairments. We would like to use our model to gain an insight into the wrinkling of the brain, possibly even use it to diagnose these kinds of impairments at an early stage." However, he emphasizes, "I'm talking way into the future."

That his dissertation describes an ostensibly wide range of applications "is definitely for good reason," Kusters says. "We demonstrated that you can use a relatively generic approach to describe a great variety of soft responsive materials. And, at least as importantly, that you can subsequently draw useful conclusions from this. So, for anyone wondering why we model things, that is the power of our model."

More information: PhD thesis: Minimal models of soft responsive materials

Provided by Eindhoven University of Technology